高青二中导学案班级：组别：姓名：高青二中导学案班级：组别：姓名：
语法专练：现在完成时
1.定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作,强调其对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.结构：
肯定句: 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
否定句: 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他
一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语+过去分词+ …？
肯定答语: Yes, 主格代词+have/has. 否定答语: No, 主格代词+haven’t/hasn’t.
注意：过去分词的特殊变化：课本P107,P108
3.用法
(1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作，并对现在有影响。常与already, yet, just, recently, ever, never, before, in the past 10 years等表示不确定时间的时间状语连用。
I have returned the book already. He hasn’t come back yet.
I ______ just ______(finish) lunch.
注意：already用于肯定句中，yet用于疑问句和否定句中。
(2) 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。此时，句中谓语动词通常是延续性动词，且常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：these days, all this year, recently, for+时间段以及since+时间点等等。（unit8内容）
Zhang Lan _____ already_____ in the school for two years. (study)
Mr Green _____ _____ in China since ten years ago. (work)
注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.
4.现在完成时与一般过去时的对比
现在完成时：强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等。而一般过去时：纯粹在过去发生的事情。
注意:现在完成时不能和表“过去”的时间副词或短语连用如: yesterday, last year等。巩固练习
1.—_____ you ________(clean) the room?—Yes, we__________(do) that already. —When _______ you ______(do) it? —We _______(do) it an hour ago.
2.A:_____ he ____ (finish) his work today? B:Not yet.
3.A:How many times _____you______(come) here? B:Once.
4.Mr Chen ________(give)up smoking last year.
5.The famous writer _________（write）one new book in the past two years.
6.—Our country __________(change)a lot so far.
—Yes. I hope it will be even _____(good).
7.I _______________(lose) my pen, and I _______________(look)for it now.
8.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_________ (see)it twice.
9.My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
10. Kate_____________ ( not see) her grand mother's photo before.
11.I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
12.So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
13. Her mother _______________(become)a doctor in 1970. She _______________( work) in the hospital since 26 years old.
14.He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
15.I’ll tell him the news that our class _______________(win) already.
