2018年江西师范大学外国语学院827英语综合考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

目　录2014年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2015年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2017年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2018年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2014年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary (20×1 points)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. The troops ______ the city, killing and injuring hundreds.A. advertedB. bombardedC. sprintedD. interlocked【答案】B【解析】句意：军队轰炸了这座城市，造成数百人伤亡。

bombard轰炸，炮击。

advert注意；谈到。

sprint冲刺，快速跑。

interlock连锁，连结。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2. “Senior citizen” is a(n) ______ for “old person”.A. mythologyB. onsetC. euphemismD. pal【答案】C句意：“老年公民”是“老人”的委婉语。

euphemism委婉语。

【解析】mythology神话。

onset开始；攻击。

pal伙伴，朋友。

因此，本题的正确答案为C。

3. We’re at a critical ______ in terms of his domestic program.A. jigB. martinC. martiniD. juncture【答案】D句意：就他的国内计划而言，我们正处于一个紧要的关口。

目　录2014年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2017年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2018年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary: (1×1, 10 points)Direction: For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. —Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!— _____, madam. This is our soup of the day.A. Let me seeB. So it isC. Don’t mention itD. Neither do I【答案】B根据“哎呀，这只是普通的蔬菜汤！”这句话来判断，顾客是在【解析】抱怨，而答语是服务员对顾客的话做了“确认”回答，“确实如此，这就是我们今天的汤”。

2. The couple _____ their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did forB. did inC. did withD. did upD【答案】【解析】句意：这对夫妇修理了旧房子，然后卖了高价。

do up刷新；修缮。

do for适合。

do in欺骗；搞垮。

3. —Mother, you promised to take me out.—Well. _____A. So I did!B. So did I.C. So I do!D. So do I.A【答案】【解析】第一个人抱怨妈妈说话不算数，第二句话用了一个语气词well 表明她承认自己曾经许诺过这事。

2015年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary: (20×1 points)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. After dusk, the Black slaves ______ home from the cotton plantation.a. totteredb. strolledc. ploddedd. hobbled【答案】c【解析】句意：太阳下山后，黑人奴隶拖着沉重的步伐从棉花种植园回家。

plod沉重缓慢地走。

totter蹒跚，摇摇晃晃地走。

stroll漫步，闲逛。

hobble蹒跚；跛行。

因此，本题的正确答案为c。

2. They ______ forty miles in search of work.a. walkedb. ploddedc. strolledd. tottered【答案】a【解析】句意：他们为了找工作步行了40英里。

walk步行，行走。

plod沉重缓慢地走。

stroll漫步，闲逛。

totter蹒跚，摇摇晃晃地走。

因此，本题的正确答案为a。

3. The city was ______ to rubbles.a. diminishedb. reducedc. dwindledd. minimized【答案】b【解析】句意：这座城市沦为了废墟。

reduce减少，缩小。

reduce to可以表示“沦为；使处于”。

diminish减少，缩小。

江西师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.Hauchecome’s death was bought about by ________.A) remorse B) accusation C) rheumatism D) frustration2.Jack _______ crimson with embarrassment when his girl friend saw his dirty socks under the sheet.A) disputed B) fumbled C) flushed D) stopped3.The boy had a _______ expression because of silly mistakes he had made.A) rustic B) shamefaced C) incredulous D) desperate4.The poem handles the problem of instinct _______ intellect in man.A) versus B) positive C) implement D) academic5.The government _______ its policy of helping the unemployed.A) implemented B) enriched C) enrolled D) plagued6.Obviously, the Chairman’s marks at the conference were _______ and not planned.A) substantial B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) synthetic7.Reporters and photographers alike took great _______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A) annoyance B) offence C) resentment D) irritation8.These continual _______ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transitions B) transformations C) exchanges D) fluctuations9.Susan has _______ the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.A) reinforecd B) sustained C) steadied D) confirmed10.Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were _______ by the noise from the next room.A) distracted B) displaced C) dispersed D) discarded11.The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is t-hat it is particularly sweet and _______.A) fragile B) feeble C) brisk D) crisp12.There is supposed to be a safety _______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.A) appliance B) accessory C) machine D) mechanism13.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _____ by a dictator.A) depressed B) immersed C) oppressed D) cursed14.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _______ towards producing workers.A) harnessed B) hatched C) motivated D) geared15.He developed a _______ attitude after years of frustration in his career.A) sneaking B) disgusted C) drastic D) cynical16.They believed that this was not the _______ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum17.Several guests were waiting in the _______ for the front door to open.A) porch B) vent C) inlet D) entry18.As the mountains were covered with a _______ of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade19.We couldn’t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly _______.A) investments B) requirements C) arrangements D) installments20.The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______.A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumⅡ.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by so me questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. You should decide on the best choice and write the an swer on the Answer Sheet.TEXT 1Pygmies are the earliest-known inhabitants of central Africa. They lived in t he Congo basin long before other groups migrated there--their presence confirm ed in ancient Egyptian records. They are gentle, peaceful people who conceal t he-mselves well in the rainforest. They have in recent times had to share with immigrant farmers. Pygmies do not farm, but trade meat, honey and other for -est products for knives, metal tools ,rice, corn and bananas. They are lighter skinned than some of their neighbors and different in stature. Adults are 1.2 to 1.5m tall.The Efe group of Pygmies of the Ituri forest in eastern Congo is one of the last to retain its original culture. The Efes, whose existence is threatened by l -ogging and farming in the forests in which they hunt, are among the Burundi group of Pygmies who live in north-eastern Congo.In Cameroon, there is a population of 35,000 Baka Pygmies,but this number is uncertain because of the group’s semi-nornadic lifestyle in wandering the ra -inforest in search of game and other foods. During the three-month rainy seas -on, when food is plentiful, the Baka leave their permanent villages to roam th e forest, rarely staying in one place more than a week.Men contract marriages during this crucial season; they prove their hunting a -bility by the game they bring home to the parents of a future wife.Men from farming tribes sometimes marry Pygmy women, although there is a ban again -st Pygmy men marrying women from farming tribes.Within the Baka culture, hunting elephant is one of the most important activ -ities,not only for food but for the symbolic meanings and prestige traditionally attached to it. Elephant hunting is linked to other cultural activities, including men’s initiation and women’s ritual songs.Hunting is performed with poisoned arrows, bows, crossbows, spears and traps. The Baka are interested in the out -side world while maintaining their identity and independence. And though they are attracted by much of what the outside world offers, they have always had access to the forest,a world that is completely their own.Their culture is robust enough to survive as long as the forest remains. Without it this culture will be meaningless.21.The fact that Pygmies are the earliest Central African inhabitants has been ______.A)established B)made C)discovered D)explored22.Pygmies are gentle and peaceful people who in stature is ________.A)unusually big C)normally smallB)normally big D)quite normal23.________fails to denote the name of a country.A)the Congo B)Ituri C)Burundi D)Cameroon24.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)A Baka Pygmy marriage takes place in the rainforestB)Of all Pygmies, the Efe group is the last group keeping its primitive cultureC)Pygmy men are forbidden to marry women from farming tribesD)Pygmy women are not forbidden to marry men from farming tribes25.Robust as Pygmy culture is, it can according to the text, by all means surv -ive ________.A)to the end of this centuryB)the next centuryC)the culture of farming tribes long in the outside worldD)as long as there is the rainforestTEXT 2The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenmoenon. There is growing evidence ,however, that chemicals in the envir -onment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted preliminary conclusions point to the verdict that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exp -osed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substancs. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults,all of which expose them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encounter on a daily basis. Fur-theremore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticieds commonly used in American schools a study cond -ucted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides found thatmany caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects inc -luded kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive prob -lems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching, Given the variety of ha -rmful effects attributed to those pesticides tested, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nation’s schools,where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by fur -ther analysis and confirmation, may help further the cause. A long term soluti on or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that giv-en the “particular uncertaint regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures.”It is “prudent”for adults and children to limit their expos -ure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-che-mical alternatives”.26.The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragr -aph 3 is used to suggest that _______.A)scientists are also concentrated with effects of pesticides on animalsB)cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC)most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now knownD)the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans27.Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pestici-des because ________.A)children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB)pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC)the pesticides used in schools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD)adults know more about pesticides than children28.The main point of this text is that _________.A)pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB)children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC)schools are most responsible for pesticide-relate illnessesD)pesticides should be eliminates everywhere29.The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in par -agraph 2 to _____.A)prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB)show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC)suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD)identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular30.The author cites the American Medical Association’s advice in paragraph 4 in order to ________.A)present more factual details to clarify the issueB)present an alternative theory for considerationC)present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD)Present a solution drawn from all the evidence consideredTEXT 3It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997,to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television scre -ens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injure -d in explosions caused by landmines.”I knew the statistics”,she said,”But putti-ng a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”The Princess concluded with a simple message:”We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the princess in the press. They described her as”very ill -informed”and a “loose cannon”. The princess responed by brushing aside the Criticisms:”This is a distraction we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help”. Opposition parties, the media and public immediately voiced their support for Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British go-vernment ‘s policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkin, claimed taht the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards”a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary , Michael Portilo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering lan -dmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get colser to people and their problems.31.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_______.A)to clarify the British government’s stand on landminesB)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victimsC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to voice her support for a total ban of landmines32.What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures broug-ht the reality home to me”(Line 5, Para,1)?A)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statisticsB)She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to faceC)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back homeD)Seeing the pain of the victims made she realized the seriousness of the situa -tion33.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.A)she had not consulted the government before the visitB)she was ill-informed of the government’s policyC)they were actually opposed to banning landminesD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola34.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She made more appearances on TVB)She paid no attention to themC)She rose to argue with her opponentsD)She met the 13-year-old girl as planned35.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British governmentB)It had greatly promoted her popularityC)It had brought her closer to the ordinary peopleD)It had affected her relations with the British governmentTEXT 4“History is written by the victors.”This famous phrase reverberates througho -ut the halls of history, constantly reminding us to take all that we learn with a grain of salt, knowing that the information provided for our dissemination was provided, shaped and influenced by this left to hold the pen that recorded it. In that respect, one of the worst crimes against history is the revision ofit, the altering of the record of the past so as to reflect the viewpoint of a biased group who stand to benefit from the altered version.By revising the lens by which history is judged, valuable information is lost, to the detriment of both students of the filed as well as the awareness that co-mes from experience. Without an accurately recorded account to serve as guidi -ng light, nations and societies are left to stumble their way about their affairs, ignorant of what has and hasn’t worked before, and unaware of what past ev -ents shaped and determined their present situation. Such dismal situations emer -ge from simple pride, as well as the desire of the revisionists to depict thems -elves in a better light to posterity or to cover up an embarrassing legacy, no matter the cost to the future.Recent attempts by nations involved in the second World War to minimize or erase altogether certain shameful incidents from their history textbook has been met with international outrage and protest, and rightly so. By allowing fu -ture generations to forget or never even learn about how their ancestors stumb -led on the path to progress, the experiences of those who suffered as a result of those mistakes are trivialized and made to be in its information. Both are heinous results for both nationals of that particular nation as well as those of the international community,whose stories intertwine to form the large picture.When a single string in the tapestry of world history is unraveled by revisio -n, the entire piece becomes a weaker one, subject to additional modification at the whim of those who would like to use history as a tool for their own purposes, even if it means fundamentally changing it. This outcome must be avoided at all costs, firstly by not allowing a precedent to be established that makes it acceptable, even in a single case, to commit the revision. Otherwise, humans as a race will fall prey to yet another oft-quoted phrase:”History, if fo -rgotten, is doomed to be repeated.”36.The first line of the text implies that _______.A)historical accounts are invariably colored by the views and stances of those who emerged victoriousB)those who have the power to do so will often influence recording of events to favor themselvesC)those who are defeated have little or no say in the documentation of their st ruggle, resulting in a biased account.D)the winners in a struggle have the moral obligation to accurately record eve-nts37.The author views the revision of history as _______.A)indisputably negative in all situationsB)generally harmful when done so to favor one side’s stanceC)always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better lightD)Rendering the revised history useless for the purposeof analysis and learning38.In paragraph3, the author argues against historical revision with the assertion that ________.A)revision of World WarⅡevents has proven that such actions have a negative impactB)such revision results in an undeserved sense of national prideC)revising history has far-reaching effects beyond the borders of any one count -ryD)history is one of the primary concerns dealt with in the education system and should thus be pure39.In paragraph 4,”When a single string in a tapestry of world history is unra -veled by revision, the entire piece becomes a weaker one”means that ______.A).history is an intertwined series of events coming together to form a large pictureB)a loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire histori -cal record suspectC)once one piece of history is revised, others soon followD)as soon as the integrity of the historical record is breached, it can never be fully recovered.40.The main point of text is that ________.A)revising history must be avoided in all situations at all costsB)the revision of history leads to a flawed perception resulting in loss of vital lessonsC)is revision of history goes on, the meaning behind the revised events will lo -se meaningD)historical revision is an international problem affecting all nations and people Ⅲ.Cloze (20 points, 1 X 2)When people __41__ to improve their breathing their initial thought is invar-iably to suck in the maximum possible draught of air __42__ you can’t pour wine into a full bottle. __43__you can’t fill the lungs with fresh air __44__ you’ve first drained them of every drop of stale air,__45__at the best of times only a sixth of the air in the lungs gets __46__with each fresh breath we take. If we breathe shallowly, or fail to clear the lunges of devitalized air, this poor rate of turnover declines __47__further.__48__always start your deep breathing exercises __49__collapsing the lungs as fully as possible. While you breatheout,imagine that you’re a hot air balloon collapsing slowly to the ground. This has a relaxing effect, particularly __50__ you quietly intone the world relax…relax…relax as you exhale.41.A)set forth B)set off C)set down D)set out42.A)But B)And C)Therefore D)Often43.A)At the same time B)In the same way C)More often than not D)Even if44.A)if B)unless C)after D)before45.A)Even B)Especially C)When D)Where46.A)changed B)changing C)to change D)change47.A)still B)more C)less D)farther48.A)Moreover B)So C)Yet D)Besides49.A)when B)in C)by D)on50.A)before B)even if C)if D)just beforeⅣ.Translation(40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)依照中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法的规定，妇女在政治、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有与难自己平等的权利。

2018年研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;anothertwenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligenceSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Worki ng with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype..that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomesone-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversiy of gifts.21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.A.are entitled to more “ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push into bacheloi’s degrees fo r all_____.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be desc ribed as_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious21. 答案C practical ability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent needto 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven w ere told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this ef fect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 o r shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often consid ered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes suc h 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participant s who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is wo rth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret3.A.rise st C.mislead D.hurt4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat5.A.message B.trial C.review D.concept6.A.remove7. A.Unless8. A.happen9. A.rather thanB.IfB.continueB.such asC.deliverC.ThoughC.disappearC.regardless ofD.interruptD.WhenD.changeD.owing to10. A.disagree11. A.pay12.A.begin with13.A. withdrawalB. forgiveB.marriageB.rest onB. inquiryC.forgetC.foodC.learn fromC .persistenceD.discoverD.schoolingD.lead toD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctive B.self-reliantC. self-evidentD.self-deceptive16.A.predict17. A.remember18. A.relief19.A. whetherB.defineB.overlookB.chooseB.planB.whyC.replaceC.designC.promiseC.outcomeC.whereD.traceD.concealD.pretendD.dutyD.how20. A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences1. 【答案】A【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

2018年江西省高考英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上．录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上．第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来冋答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍．例：How much is the shirt？A.£19.15.B. £9.18. C £9.15.答案是C。

1．（1.50分）What will James do tomorrow？A．Watch a TV program．B．Give a talk．C．Write a report．2．（1.50分）What can we say about the woman？A．She's generous．B．She's curious．C．She's helpful．3．（1.50分）When does the train leave？A．At 6：30．B．At 8：30．C．At 10：30．4．（1.50分）How does the woman go to work？A．By car．B．On foot．C．By bike．5．（1.50分）What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Classmates．B．Teacher and student．C．Doctor and patient．第二节（每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出最佳选项．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．毎段对话或独白读两遍．6．（3.00分）听第6段材料，回答下列各题．（1）What does the woman regret？A．Giving up her research．B．Dropping out of college．C．Changing her major．（2）What is the woman interested in studying now？A．Ecology．B．Education．C．Chemistry．7．（3.00分）听第7段材料，回答下列各题．（1）What is the man？A．A hotel manager．B．A tour guide．C．A taxi driver．（2）What is the man doing for the woman？A．Looking for some local foods．B．Showing her around the seaside．C．Offering information about a hotel．8．（4.50分）听第8段材料，回答下列各题．（1）Where does the conversation probably take place？A．In an office．B．At home．C．At a restaurant．（2）What will the speakers do tomorrow evening？A．Go to a concert．B．Visit a friend．C．Work extra hours．（3）Who is Alice going to call？A．Mike．B．Joan．C．Catherine．9．（6.00分）听第9段材料，回答下列各题．（1）Why does the woman meet the man？A．To look at an apartment．B．To deliver some furniture．C．To have a meal together．（2）What does the woman like about the carpet？A．Its color．B．Its design．C．Its quality．（3）What does the man say about the kitchen？A．It's a good size．B．It's newly painted．C．It's adequately equipped．（4）What will the woman probably do next？A．Go downtown．B．Talk with her friend．C．Make payment．10．（6.00分）听第10段材料，回答下列各题．（1）Who is the speaker probably talking to？A．Movie fans．B．News reporters．C．College students．（2）When did the speaker take English classes？A．Before he left his hometown．B．After he came to America．C．When he was 15 years old．（3）How does the speaker feel about his teacher？A．He's proud．B．He's sympathetic．C．He's grateful．（4）What does the speaker mainly talk about？A．How education shaped his life．B．How his language skills improved．C．How he managed his business well．第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.11．（6.00分）AWashington，D．C．Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．Duration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world﹣famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D．C．Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom．Reserve your spot before availability ﹣and the cherry blossoms ﹣disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D．C．Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop．Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．Duration：3 hoursMorning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C．newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D．C．in a healthy way with minimum effort．Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks．Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route（路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours （7 miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D C．Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall．Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history．Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water．All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights．（1）Which tour do you need to book in advance？A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour．C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour．（2）What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour？A．Meet famous people．B．Go to a national park．C．Visit well﹣known museums．D．Enjoy interesting stories．（3）Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide？A．City maps．B．Cameras．C．Meals．D．Safety lights．12．（8.00分）BGood Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role ﹣showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget．In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day．And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11．"We love Mexican churros，so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant，'' she explains，"I pay £5 for a portion（一份），but Matt makes them for 26p a portion，because they are flour，water，sugar and oil．Everybody can buy takeaway food，but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves．"The eight﹣part series （系列节目），Save Money：Good Food，follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money：Good Health，which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market．With food our biggest weekly household expense．Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week．In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget．The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes．（1）What do we know about Susanna Reid？A．She enjoys embarrassing her guests．B．She has started a new programme．C．She dislikes working early in the morning．D．She has had a tight budget for her family．（2）How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna？A．He buys cooking materials for her．B．He prepares food for her kids．C．He assists her in cooking matters．D．He invites guest families for her．（3）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4？A．Summarize the previous paragraphs．B．Provide some advice for the readers．C．Add some background information．D．Introduce a new topic for discussion．（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？A．Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB．Balancing Our Daily DietC．Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD．Cooking Well for Less13．（8.00分）CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going．When the world was still populated by hunter﹣gatherers，small，tightly knit （联系）groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other．Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them．Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number．In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nation﹣state and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation andbetter communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over．At present，the world has about 6，800 languages．The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven．The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers．Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1，000；Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800．The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that．Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction （消亡），with only a few elderly speakers left．Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers），Chiapaneco in Mexico （150），Lipan Apache in the United States （two or three）or Wadjigu in Australia （one，with a question﹣mark）：none of these seems to have much chance of survival．（1）What can we infer about languages in hunter﹣gatherer times？A．They developed very fast．B．They were large in number．C．They had similar patterns．D．They were closely connected．（2）Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？A．Complex．B．Advanced．C．Powerful．D．Modern．（3）How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present？A．About 6，800．B．About 3，400．C．About 2，400．D．About 1，200．（4）What is the main idea of the text？A．New languages will be created．B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages．C．Human development results in fewer languages．D．Geography determines language evolution．14．（8.00分）DWe may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （装置）well after they go out of style．That's bad news for the environment ﹣and our wallets ﹣as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things．To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life ﹣from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device．This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s．Devices were grouped by generation．Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box﹣set TVs defined 1992．Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997．And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e﹣readers showed up in 2007．As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones．"The living﹣room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，" said one researcher．The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007．We're not just keeping these old devices﹣we continue touse them．According to the analysis of Babbitt's team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window．So what's the solution（解决方案）？The team's data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing．They found that more on﹣demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%．（1）What does the author think of new devices？A．They are environment﹣friendly．B．They are no better than the old．C．They cost more to use at home．D．They go out of style quickly．（2）Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research？A．To reduce the cost of minerals．B．To test the life cycle of a product．C．To update consumers on new technology．D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices．（3）Which of the following uses the least energy？A．The box﹣set TV．B．The tablet．C．The LCD TV．D．The desktop computer．（4）What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices？A．Stop using them．B．Take them apart．C．Upgrade them．D．Recycle them．第二节（毎小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。

2018年江西师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. 词语翻译：英汉术语、缩略语或专有名词互译（30分）（一）英译汉（15分）1. APEC【答案】亚洲太平洋经济合作组织2. ESP【答案】专门用途英语（English for Specific Purposes）3. Brexit【答案】英国脱欧4. alipay【答案】支付宝5. moonlight clan【答案】月光族6. parataxis【答案】意合7. dynamic equivalence【答案】动态对等8. limit of translatability【答案】可译性限度9. cultural pluralism【答案】文化多元化10. creative treason【答案】创造性叛逆11. Think-aloud translation【答案】有声思维翻译12. localization【答案】本地化13. grammatical transference【答案】语法迁移14. consecutive interpretation【答案】交替传译15. omission【答案】省略翻译法（二）汉译英（15分）1. 共享单车【答案】shared bikes2. 区域一体化【答案】Regional Integration3. 元首外交【答案】head of state diplomacy4. 扫一扫二维码【答案】scan a QR code5. 放宽市场准入【答案】to ease market access6. 可持续发展【答案】sustainable development7. 信息型文本【答案】informative texts8. 符际翻译【答案】intersemiotic translation9. 可接受性【答案】acceptability10. 音译【答案】transliteration11. 目的论【答案】skopos theory12.“假朋友”【答案】False Friends13. 描写翻译学【答案】Descriptive Translation Studies14. 赞助人【答案】patron15. 语域分析【答案】Register AnalysisⅡ. 语篇翻译：英汉段落互译（120分）（一）英译汉（60分）Most parents want their children to be assertive, bold and brave, to take on challenges without fear of people or of failure. Some kids do just that, and when they do, the grownups swoon. This is how Presidents, movie stars and Olympic med alists start out, isn’t it? Who wouldn’t want a golden child? The problem, of course, is that if boldness is golden, reticence must be silver or bronze—or tin. Introverted children are everywhere—you may be raising one—yet too often they wind up without cheerleaders.So for starters, let’s remember that introversion, in most cases, is good. The accomplishments of deep thinkers, great poets, world-changing scientists stack up quite nicely against those of Oscar winners and Olympians, even if there’s not the same temperamental sizzle to go along with them. Jonas Salk and Marie Curie did not spend a lot of time in the club scene. Neil Armstrong is no one’s idea of a glad-hander. But the fact is, they, like thousands of history’s other greats, might never have a chieved the things they did without their quiet focus.The key for parents raising introverted children is first and most important to accept that vast personality differences exist among all kids, even when they grow up under the same roof with the same parents. My four children are incredibly different, as is the case with my siblings and me. But just because our kids present entirely different faces to us doesn’t mean they should get entirely different responses. It may be easier to react with enthusiasm and applause (often literally) to a child who is an athlete or a dancer than to one whose gifts lie in math and science. And it’s certainly easier to be charmed by your funnier, more charismatic kids than by your quieter, more taciturn ones. But rewarding your children’s diverse skills and styles with equal support is important all the same.Genuine maladaptive shyness, of course, is not at all the same as simple, healthy introversion—and it has very different causes and consequences. Left unaddressed, extreme shyness can hinder language and other kinds of cognitive development. It may also lead to depression, low self-esteem and simple loneliness. While healthy introversion is likely innate, shyness can be heavily influenced by environment. Dynamics in the home that can drive a child inward include abuse, trauma and alcoholism. Birth order, a bullying older sibling and flagrant favoritism by parents can contribute as well.【参考译文】大多数父母希望他们的孩子能自信、大胆勇敢、不怕别人或失败地去接受挑战。

江西师范大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to ______ together in research activities.(A)involve (C) specialize(B) participate (D) consists2.American college students are increasingly ______ with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather serious.(A) discharged (C) boosted(B) dominated (D) burdened3. Some people argue that the death ______ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.(A)penalty (C) pattern(B) plot (D) practice4. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to ______ the habit of smoking.(A) turn up (C) make up(B) pick up (D) draw up5. The most successful past-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and ______ them to another area of life.(A) apply (C) employ(B) utilize (D)exert6. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to ______ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones .(A)dissolve (C) discount(B) disguise (D)distinguish7. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good ______ on a potentialemployer.(A)illusion (C) reflection(B)impression (D) reputation8. Being out of work, Jane can no longer ______ friends to dinners and movies as she used to.(A) treat (C) urge(B)appeal (D) compel9.Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployments benefits allow the couple to ______ their comfortable home.(A) look forward to (C) hold on to(B)catch up with (D)come in for10. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and ______.(A) possessions (C)privileges(B) possibilities (D) preferences11.You should have put the milk in the ice box: I expect it ______ undrinkable by now .(A) became (C) has become(B)had become (D) becomes12. Codes are a way of writing something in secret, _______ , anyone who doesn’t know the code will not be able to read it.(A)that is (C) in short(B) worse still (D)on the other hand13. His long service with the company was _______ with a present.(A)admitted (C) attributed(B) acknowledged (D) accepted14. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ______ its soils and water of its lake, rivers and oceans.(A)are (C) do(B) is (D)has15. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ______.(A) in between (C) far apart(B) among them (D) from each other16.The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ______ action.(A) acute (C) profound(B) alert (D) prompt17. Children and old people do not like having their daily _______ upset.(A)habit (C) routine(B) practice (D) custom18. The criminal always paid _______ cash so the police could not track him down.(A) on (C) for(B) by (D) in19. ________ when she started complaining.(A)Not until he arrived (C) No sooner had he arrived(B)Hardly had he arrived (D) Scarcely did he arrive20. By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.(A) that (C) one(B) it (D) whatII.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by s ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d.You should decide on the best choice and write the ans wer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms.”She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’behaviors, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli,;asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person abouthim or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures(自我表露), and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions, It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. Secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g. Disclosure and truthful statements).21.The word “pinpoint”(Para 1, Line 3) basically means ________.(A) appreciate(B)obtain(C) interpret(D)identify22.What do we learn from the first paragraph?(A) People are better described in cold, objective terms(B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated(C) One should not judge people by their appearance(D)One is usually subjective when assessing other people’s personality23.It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ________.(A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasion.(B) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly(C) the best way to know a person is by making comparisons(D)face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person24. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author’s opinion, are _________.(A)personal matters that should seriously dealt with(B) barriers that should be done away with(C) as significant as disclosures and truthful statements(D) things people should guard against25.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ________.(A)to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasions.(B)to provide ways of how to obtain information about people(C)to call the reader’s attention to the negative side of people’s characters(D) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know peoplePassage TwoPsychiatrists（精神病专家)who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing ---- older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes more money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers,”end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grade, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young, Lately, he’s been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy.” My body is aging,”says Metcalf ,”You can’t get away from that.”Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at.” They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents , or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school.”says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility（受孕）treatment. Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins.”We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years,”a sense of family”.Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives.”The dads are older, more mature,”says Dr.Silber,” and more ready to focus on parenting.”26. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?(A) Older parents can better balance their resources against children’s demand.(B) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.(C) Older parents are often better prepared financially.(D) Older parents can take better care of their children27. What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream”(Line7-8,Para.1)?(A) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.(B) They can’t get full pension unless they work some extra years.(C) They can’t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.(D) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.28.The author gives the example of Henry Matcalf to show that _________.(A) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age.(B) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy(C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies.(D) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children.29. What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?(A) Being laughed at by other people .(B) Slowing down their pace of life.(C) Being mistaken for grandparents.(D) Approaching of death.30. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?(A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment(B) Not until they have the twins did they feel they had formed a family.(C) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.(D) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.Passage ThreeInterest in pursing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their bome borders for talents.Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. Theymay want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae(CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing, The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.Pay attention to the resume format you use---chronological or reverse-chronological order . Chronological order means listing your “oldest ”work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preference about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as “tertiary education “ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.panies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.(A) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home .(B) they find foreign employees are usually more talented.(C) the need original ideas from employees hired overseas(D)they want to expand their business beyond home borders32.The author believe that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.(A) is usually creative and full of initiative.(B) aims to improve his foreign language skills.(C) seeks either his own or his children’s development.(D) is dissatisfied with his own life at home.33. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.(A)know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes.(B) following appropriate guidelines for job hunting.(C) learn about the company’s hiring process.(D) take cultural factors into consideration.34.When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.(A) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences.(B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home.(C) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a “cross-border” career.(D) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker.35. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the appliance should be aware of ________.(A) the recipient’s preference with regard to the format.(B) the different educational system in the US and the UK.(C) the difference between the varieties of English.(D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures.Passage FourSpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser(锁止器)，and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-sellphone, a microprocessor and memory,and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control center to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.In the UK a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves.”The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,”says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by theignition(点火)key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal ears, often by getting hold of the owner’s keys. And key is responsible for 40%of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.If the car travels 100metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations center that is has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the center will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movement via the car’s GPS unit.36.What’s the function of the remote immobiliser fitted to a car?(A) To allow the car to look automatically when stolen.(B) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.(C) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.(D) To prevent car thief by sending a radio signal to the car owner.37. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”(Lines1-2,Para 3), Martyn Randall suggests that _______.(A) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft.(B) the thief has to make use of computer technology .(C) it makes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing.(D) the chief has lost interest in stealing cars 10 years old.38. What is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal?(A) A GPS satellite positioning receiver.(B) A unique ID card.(C) A special cellphone signal.(D) A coded ignition key.39. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations center.(A) To give the driver time to contact the operations center.(B) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.(C) To keep police informed of the car’s movements.(D)To leave time for the operations center to give an alarm.40.What will the operations center do first after receiving an alarm?.(A) Start the tracking system.(B) Locate the missing car.(C) Contact the car owner.(D) Block the car engine.III.Cloze (20 points, 1 x 2)The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of cities, buildings and products. When we designed America’s first so-called “green”office building in New York two decades __41__, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the __42__ that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to __43__.Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for __44__ use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis __45__ indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials __46__to the molecules, looking for ways to make them __47__ for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials ----such as paints that release significantly __48__ amounts of organic compounds---that don’t __49__ the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately __50__, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating __51__ healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil __52__reused by industry again and again, As a matter of __53__, the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already __54__ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.Look at it this way: No one __55__ out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are __56__ causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So __57__ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are __58__ a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a __59__ effect on the world.It’s not just the building industry, either,__60__ cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.41. a. off b.away c.before d.ago42. a. practice b.idea c.outlook d.scheme43. a. go b.continue e d.arrive44. a. relevant b.indoor c. flexible d.inward45. a. revealed b.displayed c.exhibited d.discovered46. a. back b.near c.down d.next47. a. cautions fortable c.stable d.safe48. a. reduced b.revised c.delayed d.descended49. a. destroy b.deny c.dissolve d.depress50. a. anyway b. besides c anyhow d. However51. a. exactly pletely c.partially d.superficially52. a. and b.nor c.or d.but53. a. principle b.course c. interest d.fact54. a. developed b.sketched c.researched d.constructed55. a. looks b.pulls c.starts d.makes56. a. originally b.traditionally c.basically d.inevitably57. a. instead b.because c.out d.regardless58. a. adjusting b.adopting c.adapting d.admitting59. a. functional b. sensible c beneficial d. precious60. a. full b. entire c total d. completeIV.Translation (40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)许多专家认为。

江西师范大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to ______ together in research activities.(A)involve (C) specialize(B) participate (D) consists2.American college students are increasingly ______ with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather serious.(A) discharged (C) boosted(B) dominated (D) burdened3. Some people argue that the death ______ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.(A)penalty (C) pattern(B) plot (D) practice4. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to ______ the habit of smoking.(A) turn up (C) make up(B) pick up (D) draw up5. The most successful past-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and ______ them to another area of life.(A) apply (C) employ(B) utilize (D)exert6. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to ______ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones .(A)dissolve (C) discount(B) disguise (D)distinguish7. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good ______ on a potentialemployer.(A)illusion (C) reflection(B)impression (D) reputation8. Being out of work, Jane can no longer ______ friends to dinners and movies as she used to.(A) treat (C) urge(B)appeal (D) compel9.Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployments benefits allow the couple to ______ their comfortable home.(A) look forward to (C) hold on to(B)catch up with (D)come in for10. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and ______.(A) possessions (C)privileges(B) possibilities (D) preferences11.You should have put the milk in the ice box: I expect it ______ undrinkable by now .(A) became (C) has become(B)had become (D) becomes12. Codes are a way of writing something in secret, _______ , anyone who doesn’t know the code will not be able to read it.(A)that is (C) in short(B) worse still (D)on the other hand13. His long service with the company was _______ with a present.(A)admitted (C) attributed(B) acknowledged (D) accepted14. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ______ its soils and water of its lake, rivers and oceans.(A)are (C) do(B) is (D)has15. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ______.(A) in between (C) far apart(B) among them (D) from each other16.The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ______ action.(A) acute (C) profound(B) alert (D) prompt17. Children and old people do not like having their daily _______ upset.(A)habit (C) routine(B) practice (D) custom18. The criminal always paid _______ cash so the police could not track him down.(A) on (C) for(B) by (D) in19. ________ when she started complaining.(A)Not until he arrived (C) No sooner had he arrived(B)Hardly had he arrived (D) Scarcely did he arrive20. By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.(A) that (C) one(B) it (D) whatII.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by s ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d.You should decide on the best choice and write the ans wer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms.”She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’behaviors, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli,;asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person abouthim or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures(自我表露), and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions, It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. Secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g. Disclosure and truthful statements).21.The word “pinpoint”(Para 1, Line 3) basically means ________.(A) appreciate(B)obtain(C) interpret(D)identify22.What do we learn from the first paragraph?(A) People are better described in cold, objective terms(B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated(C) One should not judge people by their appearance(D)One is usually subjective when assessing other people’s personality23.It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ________.(A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasion.(B) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly(C) the best way to know a person is by making comparisons(D)face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person24. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author’s opinion, are _________.(A)personal matters that should seriously dealt with(B) barriers that should be done away with(C) as significant as disclosures and truthful statements(D) things people should guard against25.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ________.(A)to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasions.(B)to provide ways of how to obtain information about people(C)to call the reader’s attention to the negative side of people’s characters(D) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know peoplePassage TwoPsychiatrists（精神病专家)who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing ---- older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes more money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers,”end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grade, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young, Lately, he’s been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy.” My body is aging,”says Metcalf ,”You can’t get away from that.”Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at.” They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents , or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school.”says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility（受孕）treatment. Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins.”We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years,”a sense of family”.Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives.”The dads are older, more mature,”says Dr.Silber,” and more ready to focus on parenting.”26. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?(A) Older parents can better balance their resources against children’s demand.(B) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.(C) Older parents are often better prepared financially.(D) Older parents can take better care of their children27. What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream”(Line7-8,Para.1)?(A) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.(B) They can’t get full pension unless they work some extra years.(C) They can’t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.(D) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.28.The author gives the example of Henry Matcalf to show that _________.(A) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age.(B) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy(C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies.(D) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children.29. What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?(A) Being laughed at by other people .(B) Slowing down their pace of life.(C) Being mistaken for grandparents.(D) Approaching of death.30. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?(A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment(B) Not until they have the twins did they feel they had formed a family.(C) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.(D) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.Passage ThreeInterest in pursing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their bome borders for talents.Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. Theymay want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae(CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing, The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.Pay attention to the resume format you use---chronological or reverse-chronological order . Chronological order means listing your “oldest ”work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preference about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as “tertiary education “ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.panies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.(A) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home .(B) they find foreign employees are usually more talented.(C) the need original ideas from employees hired overseas(D)they want to expand their business beyond home borders32.The author believe that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.(A) is usually creative and full of initiative.(B) aims to improve his foreign language skills.(C) seeks either his own or his children’s development.(D) is dissatisfied with his own life at home.33. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.(A)know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes.(B) following appropriate guidelines for job hunting.(C) learn about the company’s hiring process.(D) take cultural factors into consideration.34.When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.(A) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences.(B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home.(C) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a “cross-border” career.(D) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker.35. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the appliance should be aware of ________.(A) the recipient’s preference with regard to the format.(B) the different educational system in the US and the UK.(C) the difference between the varieties of English.(D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures.Passage FourSpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser(锁止器)，and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-sellphone, a microprocessor and memory,and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control center to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.In the UK a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves.”The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,”says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by theignition(点火)key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal ears, often by getting hold of the owner’s keys. And key is responsible for 40%of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.If the car travels 100metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations center that is has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the center will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movement via the car’s GPS unit.36.What’s the function of the remote immobiliser fitted to a car?(A) To allow the car to look automatically when stolen.(B) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.(C) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.(D) To prevent car thief by sending a radio signal to the car owner.37. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”(Lines1-2,Para 3), Martyn Randall suggests that _______.(A) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft.(B) the thief has to make use of computer technology .(C) it makes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing.(D) the chief has lost interest in stealing cars 10 years old.38. What is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal?(A) A GPS satellite positioning receiver.(B) A unique ID card.(C) A special cellphone signal.(D) A coded ignition key.39. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations center.(A) To give the driver time to contact the operations center.(B) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.(C) To keep police informed of the car’s movements.(D)To leave time for the operations center to give an alarm.40.What will the operations center do first after receiving an alarm?.(A) Start the tracking system.(B) Locate the missing car.(C) Contact the car owner.(D) Block the car engine.III.Cloze (20 points, 1 x 2)The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of cities, buildings and products. When we designed America’s first so-called “green”office building in New York two decades __41__, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the __42__ that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to __43__.Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for __44__ use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis __45__ indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials __46__to the molecules, looking for ways to make them __47__ for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials ----such as paints that release significantly __48__ amounts of organic compounds---that don’t __49__ the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately __50__, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating __51__ healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil __52__reused by industry again and again, As a matter of __53__, the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already __54__ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.Look at it this way: No one __55__ out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are __56__ causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So __57__ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are __58__ a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a __59__ effect on the world.It’s not just the building industry, either,__60__ cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.41. a. off b.away c.before d.ago42. a. practice b.idea c.outlook d.scheme43. a. go b.continue e d.arrive44. a. relevant b.indoor c. flexible d.inward45. a. revealed b.displayed c.exhibited d.discovered46. a. back b.near c.down d.next47. a. cautions fortable c.stable d.safe48. a. reduced b.revised c.delayed d.descended49. a. destroy b.deny c.dissolve d.depress50. a. anyway b. besides c anyhow d. However51. a. exactly pletely c.partially d.superficially52. a. and b.nor c.or d.but53. a. principle b.course c. interest d.fact54. a. developed b.sketched c.researched d.constructed55. a. looks b.pulls c.starts d.makes56. a. originally b.traditionally c.basically d.inevitably57. a. instead b.because c.out d.regardless58. a. adjusting b.adopting c.adapting d.admitting59. a. functional b. sensible c beneficial d. precious60. a. full b. entire c total d. completeIV.Translation (40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)许多专家认为。

江西师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目考　试　大　纲科目代码、名称:827 英语综合适用专业:045108学科教学（英语）一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为 150 分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸相应的位置上。

（三）试卷内容结构（考试的内容比例及题型）各部分内容所占分值为：第一部分　Vocabulary. 20分第二部分　Reading Comprehension. 40分第三部分 Cloze. 20分第四部分 Translation. 40分第五部分 Writing. 30分（四）试卷题型结构词汇选择题：20小题，每小题1分，共20分阅读理解题：4篇短文，20小题，每小题2分，共40分完型填空题：10小题，每小题2分，共20分翻译：中译英，1或2篇短文，20分英译中，1或2篇短文，20分作文：30分二、样卷江西师范大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

（本试题共8 页）I. Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions:Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.1. The thief was apprehended, but his accomplice had disappeared.(A) people who saw him (C) person who helped him(B) guns and knives (D) stolen goods2. Owners should be sure that their insurance will replace all of their merchandise.(A) Proprietors (C) Benefactors(B) Tutors (D) Debtors3. In order to enjoy fine wine, one should drink it slowly, a little at a time.(A) stir it (C) spill it(B) sniff it (D) sip it4. Martin Luther King detested injustice.(A) recognized (C) suffered(B) confronted (D) abhorred5. Americans have been criticized for placing too much emphasis on being on time.(A) importance (C) bother(B) activity (D) assistance6. Severe snowstorms cause power failures in the Northeast every winter.(A) Tornadoes (C) Blizzards(B) Hurricanes (D) Earthquakes7. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he must have an adequate opportunity to change his mind.(A) an ample (C) an informal(B) a belated (D) a gracious8. Several theories of evolution had historically preceded that of Charles Darwin although he expounded upon the states of development.(A) found fault with (C) outlined briefly(B) explained in detail (D) offered in published form9. Sometimes, while living in a foreign country, one craves a special dish from home.(A) desires (C) prepares(B) eats (D) looks for10. Einstein’s’ theory of relativity seemed incredible at the time when he first introduced it.(A) unbelievable (C) brilliant(B) complicated (D) famous11. After an unhappy love affair, Emily Dickinson lived like a person apart from society, shut away in her family home in Amherst, Massachusetts.(A) a heroine (C) a recluse(B) a beggar (D) an invalid12. The perpetual motion of the earth as it turns on its axis creates the change of season.(A) ancient (C) leisurely(B) rhythmic (D) constant13. People who live in the country enjoy a rustic life style.(A) slow (C) simple(B) difficult (D) happy14. The remnants of the Roman Empire can be found in many countries in Asian, Europe, and America.(A) effects (C) buildings(B) small pieces (D)destruction15. John Dewey loathed the idea that children should not participated in activities as part of their educational experience.(A) encouraged (C) hated(B) noticed (D) began16. Relaxation therapy teaches one not to fret over small problems.(A) worry about (C) get involved in(B) get angry about (D) look for17. As soon as the board of elections promulgates the list of candidates, a ballot is prepared.(A) informally discusses (C) officially declares(B) quickly contacts (D) critically reviews18. In case of poisoning, immediately give large quantities of soapy or salty water in order to induce vomiting.(A) control (C) cause(B) clean (D) stop19 Even as a child Thomas Edison had a very inquisitive mind; at the age of three he performed his first experiment.(A) complex (C) mature(B) brilliant (D) curious20. That a driver swerves in order to avoid an accident can be proven by examining marks on the pavement.(A) turns sharply (C) hits something else(B) stops quickly (D) goes backwardsII.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. You should decide on the best choice and write the answer on the Answer Sheet. Text 1The fact that some naturally left-handed children are forced into becoming right-handed may even result in levophobia, an irrational fear of the left. Sufferers from this rare condition find their hearts pound as if a heart attack were coming on as a result of their brains releasing adrenalin at the mere prospect of a left-oriented maneuver. They refuse to stand on the left side of an elevator, make left-hand turns when driving, sometimes even to look to the left. Psychologists believe levophobia will only disappear entirely when left-handed children---a minority in all known societies---are fully accepted.21. What was the preceding paragraph probably about?(A) other problems caused by attitudes towards left-handed children(B) the advantages of being right-handed as a child(C) other causes of levophobia(D) a definition of levophobia22. It may be inferred from the passage that(A) levophobia affects a minority in all known societies.(B) levophobia attacks may occur before a left-handed movement is required.(C) excess adrenalin is a contributory cause in levophobia.(D) levophobia causes heart attacks.23.The passage suggests that levophobia sufferers(A) are afraid of right-handed people(B) generally refuse to use elevators unless forced to.(C) never look to their left-handed side.(D) often have to seek roundabout routes when driving.24. It is believed that levophobia will not be eradicated until(A) certain general attitudes change.(B) left-handers are in a majority.(C) sufferers’ irrational fears are dealt with by psychologists.(D) sufferers change their uncooperative ways.25. According to the passage, levophobia(A) affects only children.(B) is likely to disappear soon.(C) is a psychological problem.(D) is a heart ailment.Text 2Several hundred grave sites have been found throughout Iceland dating from the time of the first settlements, some 1,100 years ago, to the time the Icelandic people embraced Christianity around the year 1000 A.D. The evidence they offer of that pagan era suggests some Viking influence as bodies were occasionally laid in boats, but the dead were more commonly provided with one or, exceptionally, two small Icelandic horses. This custom, of course, equally connotes a journey to the land of the dead and it also provides evidence both that these horses have been the Icelanders’ companions from the very first and that the breed has remained pure over the centuries right down to the present day.26. Approximately how long die the “pagan era” in Iceland last?(A) one hundred years.(B) several hundred years.(C) one thousand years.(D) one thousand one hundred years27. Which of the following can be said of the grave sites found in Iceland?(A) They are located in the very first settlements.(B) They were discovered about 1,100 years ago.(C) They are located in many different parts of the country.(D) They were usually built by travelers.28. What can be inferred from the passage about the first settlers?(A) They were unquestionably Vikings.(B) They arrived on horseback...(C) They embarrassed Christianity.(D) They were not Christians.29. Which of the following cannot be said of the contents of the pagan graves?(A) The bodies were rarely laid in boats.(B) They occasionally evidenced Viking influence.(C) The bodies were generally accompanied by two small horses.(D) They had not been given a Christian burial.30. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?(A) The small Icelandic breed of horses has remained unchanged for over athousand years.(B) The first Vikings brought Christianity to Iceland.(C) Icelandic horses live to a great age.(D) Horses were first brought to Iceland by Christian missionaries.Text 3Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American women, numbering 27 in all, between the ages of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those aboard the space shuttle.Though carefully selected from among many applicants, the women were volunteers and pay was barely above the minimum wage. They were not allowed to smoke or drink alcohol during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each others’ company at close quarters for the entire period. Among other things, they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise. At the end of ten days, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed, during which time they suffered backaches and other discomforts, and when they were finally allowed up, the more physically active women were especially subject to pains due to a slight calcium loss.Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant advantages over men in space. They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better. Men’s advantages in terms of strength and stamina, meanwhile, are virtually wiped out by the zero-gravity condition in space.31.Which would be the most suitable title for the passage?(A) Older Women, Too, Can Travel in Space.(B) Space Testing Causes Backaches in Women.(C) Poor Wages for Women Space Test Volunteers.(D) Tests Show Women Suited for Space Travel.32. What can be said about the women who applied?(A) They were 27 in all.(B) They were anxious to give up either smoking or drinking.(C) They had previously earned the minimum wage.(D) They choose to participate in the tests.33. The calcium loss particularly affected(A) all the women tested.(B) those who had been particularly active in the previous ten days.(C) those who were generally very active.(D) those who had suffered backaches.34. Which of the following is suggested as being least useful in space?(A) high resistance to radiation.(B) unusual strength.(C) low food intake.(D) low oxygen intake35. The physical advantages men enjoy in normal conditions are counteracted by(A) conditioning.(B) virtue.(C) zero gravity(D) food and oxygenTest 4In place of submitting a traditional application for admission, prospective students may choose to apply for admission under the Test Score Application System. Under this system, the University accepts as applications the official score reports from either the American College Test (ACT) or the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). High school juniors and seniors who take the ACT or the SAT should indicate this university as a score recipient of their ACT or SAT registration form. Upon receipt of the ACT student Profile report or the SAT report, the Admission Office will notify students of their eligibility for admission. Under this system, it is unnecessary to submit a high school transcript until after graduation unless the student wishes to apply for a scholarship.36. According to the passage, the Test Score Application System is(A) optional.(B) preferable.(C) traditional.(D) required.37. A student using the Test Score Application System(A) submits scores from two tests.(B) is accepted by the University.(C) must be in high school.(D) has to take one of two tests.38. Which of the following applicants would need to include a high schooltranscripts with his test scores?(A) someone who hoped to graduate from the university.(B) someone who had received his Student Profile report.(C) someone who hoped to be awarded a scholarship.(D) someone who had notified the Admission Office of his eligibility.39. What is the purpose of this announcement?(A) to promote a new application system.(B) to advertise the SAT and the ACT(C) to offer university scholarship.(D) to describe an admission procedure.40. When will prospective students be advised of their acceptance by the Universityunder the Test Score Application System?(A) after the University receives their official ACT or SAT scores.(B) after they graduate from high school.(C) immediately after taking the ACT or the SAT.(D) after the University awards all available scholarship.III.Cloze (20 points, 1 x 2)It was well past 41 by the time I crawled 42 a fence that led to an alleyway. I found a 43 spot, propped my luggage beneath me,and fell 44 , the sound of drums softlyshaping my dream. In the morning, I woke up to 45 a white henpecking 46 the garbage near my feet. Across the street, a 47 man was washing himself at an open hydrant and didn’t 48 when Ijoined him. There was still no one home at the apartment, but Sadik answeredhis phone 49 I called him and told me to catch a 50 to hisplace on the Upper East Side.41. a. lunchtime b.dinner time c.midnight d.noontime42. a. through b.over c.onto d.into43. a. wet b.dirty c.beautiful d.dry44. a. awake b.asleep c. ill d.ashamed45. a. look for b.find c.buy d.play with46. a. in b.at c.for d.with47. a. rich man b.homeowner c.visitor d.homeless48. a. object b.subject c.fight d.say49. a. before b.after c.until d.when50. a. bike b. train c cab d. busIV.Translation (40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)庐山初识，匆匆五十年矣。