练习册题+答案_新编英语教程5_1--10单元

新编英语教程第五册课后练习题答案Answers to the exercises in Unit 1II. Paraphrase1.A writer who is particular about the exactness of an expression in English will never feel happy with a word which fails to express an idea accurately.2. To a certain extent, the process of finding the right words to use isa process of perfection where you try to search for words that may most accurately express your thoughts and feelings, and words that may most effectively make your listeners and readers understand your thoughts and feelings.3. Finding the most suitable word to use is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight we shall experience when such a word is located.4. Once we are able to use language accurately, we are in a position to fully understand our subject matter.III. Translate1.After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point.2. It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.3. What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.4. His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.5. The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet.6. It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise.7. Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely.8. Rice, meat, vegetables, and fruit constitute a balanced diet.Language WorkIII.1. clumsy-unskillful2. deft-skilful3. loose-vague4. subtle-tricky5. precise-accurate6. shift-alteration7. vague-ambiguous8. scrupulous-conscientious9. ignorance-want of knowledge 10. disadvantages-drawbacks 11. cultivating-developing 12.mistaken-erroneous 13.unimportant-trivial 14. dark-dim 15.flexible-adaptable 16. fine-subtle 17. sentimental-emotional 18. essence-quintessence19. coercion-compulsion 20. fascinating-absorbingV.1. less2. because/since/as3. not/disagree4. that5. resistance6. runners7. solve/resolve8. More9. That 10. without11.achievement/feat/accomplishment 12. in 13. do/achieve/finish 14. physical 15. those 16. few 17. cannot 18. the 19. with 20. notAnswers to the exercises in unit 2II. Paraphrase1. What happens is that the Mediterranean, the cradle of many ancient cultures, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.2. Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out half a mile from the shore, most cities do not even bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline.3. There is an even bigger hazard hidden in the seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday- makers.4.Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents.Translation1. One man’s effort is not enough to cope with such a complicated situation.2. When do you think the new IT (information technology) regulations will take effect?3.The chances of winning a prize in a lottery are slim; perhaps only a one-in-a-hundred chance.4. It is deplorable that many a youngster has fallen victim to the use of drugs.5.There is virtually no one who is in favor of his proposal.6. Beware of the swindler with a slick tongue and a smiling face.7. Don’t touch the bag! The explosive in it may blow up at any minute. Your life will be at risk.8. He looked quite confident about the job, though some doubts lurked in the depth of his mind.Language WorkI.1-5 BABBA 6-10 DBADCII.1-5 CDBCC 6-10 CDCDCIII.1. in contras2. on the contrary3. but/except4. Apart from/ Besides5. besides/apart from6. without7. except for8. except for/ apart from9.also 10. In contrast 11. Apart from/Except for 12. beside 13. on the contrary 14. In … contrastVI.1. heats2. If3. colder4. climate5. affected/influenced6. maritime7. warm/mild8. continental9. evaporates 10. absorb/hold 11.sponge/cloth 12. saturate 13. surface 14. small/tiny 15. raindrop 16. clouds 17. As 18. out 19. landAnswers to the exercises in Unit 3II. Paraphrase1. This natural ability of getting to the essence of a subject was the key to the great discoveries made by him in science-This natural gift and his unusual awareness of beauty.2. His engrossment in ideas was incredibly intense and deep. When attacking a problem difficult to solve, he kept attempting to deal with it with great effort, just as an animal chases and bites a weaker animal it preys upon until the latter gives in.3. He would look lost in thought, thinking about something distant, and yet meditating within himself. He did not seem to be in deep thought, nor did he knit his brows—he was just in self-contained peaceful contemplation.4.The theories, considered isolated one by one, was really credible, so much so that they seem to be simple and clear. But when considered together,they were so strongly contradictory to each other that a less learned scholar would have given up one or the other completely and would no longer take up the issue again.5. Einstein’s work was done quietly with pencil on paper and seemed to be far removed from the confusion of everyday life, but his ideas were so radical that they led to strong arguments and made people unreasonably angry.III. Translation(1) He honked his car horn to alert the pedestrians.(2) The fast development of Information Technology is an outstanding example of human endeavour.(3) Mary groped for the appropriate words to express her indebtedness to her teacher.(4) The school principal’s plain words conveyed a message of challenge to the young people.(5) Don’t tamper with the wires, or you may cause a short circuit.(6) He thought he could beat everyone at the competition, but his excessive confidence failed him.(7) What he said seemed simple and clear, but there was an implied meaning that we couldn’t quite fathom.(8) He tried to steer the group’s random talk towards some constructive subjects.Answers to the exercises in Unit 6II. Paraphrase(1) When I got ready to enter college, I was expecting a college education in some definite fields. I was very eager to know the answers to some questions difficult to understand, and that has made me work and improve myself; especially in areas of study where there were no prompt answers, but there were endless questions.(2) When he read or recited Greek poetry, it seemed that what was described in the verse became alive; both the romantic ideas and the poetical lines sounded like beautiful music, and I, just like him, was motivated to be neither a hero in poetry nor a poet who created poetry, but only a student of Greek culture and poetry, in such a way that I would be able to interpret Greek poetry.(3) “Come on, boy. The world belongs to you—you are expected to do creative thinking and to act creatively for the world. There is still a lot to be accomplished, and a lot to be found out. No poem written can be called the greatest and no railroad built can be the best. The perfect state has yet to be conceived. Everything has yet to be done.(4) What I was hearing was the unrestrained, earnest, and sparkling interchanges of great intellect as sharp as first-rate tools. They werealways polite, speaking one at a time; no one spoke to anyone in secret and no one digressed; they all spoke when there was an issue everyone was interested in; and while they were explaining something, anyone, no matter whether he was for or against the issue, would tell others what he knew about a philosopher’s opinion or a poet’s phrase in order to clarify or to beautify the theme.III. Translate1. Can you make out the meaning of his long-winded harangue?2. Being worried about his exam results, he was not in the least attentive to the visiting professor’s lecture.3. Is it easier for a child or a grown-up to pick up the rudiments of a foreign language in a short period of time?4. Did what he said about the short-term training course appeal to you?5. The biography of the great scientist inspired him to greater efforts in doing research.6. Should we be indifferent to the living conditions of the people in the lower income bracket?7. The decision made recently by the school board had little to bear on our curriculum.8. The ship was so strongly built that it can withstand any storm.Language WorkI 1-5. ABCBD 6-10. BBBADAnswers to the exercises in unit 7II. Paraphrase1. In my opinion, gifted children are children who are specially endowed with natural abilities which rank high on testing scales.2. I am of the opinion that children should be grouped according to their interest and ability and be subject to a form of training that will develop their abilities and capabilities to the utmost.3. It is the teacher, rather than the way that the classes are formed, that influences the students in how they look at differences in ability among themselves.4.I am confident that if teachers are aware of individual differences and motivate young people in different ways, the students will develop through cultivating their own interests and abilities.III. Translate1. Her questions about the functioning of the software manifest a great interest in Information Technology on her part.2. We have no grounds to prove the validity of the theory of the “missing link.”3. To a certain extent, his reasoning is valid, but not as a general rule.4. His tireless efforts yielded great fruits –a new theory in genetics.5. Don’t think that all great scientists are endowed with special talents –it’s 99% of perspiration and only 1% of inspiration that make them great.6. What criteria did you use when you elected the chairperson of the Students’ Union?7. Can you identify the handwriting of all your students?8. Whether or not the outcome is successful lies with the efforts made by the candidates.Language WorkI.1-5 ACBDC 6-10. DACBB 11-15 ADACA 16-20 BBCADAnswers to the exercises in Unit 8II. Paraphrase.1.People spend much of their life time trying hard to keep things in good shape. They think a product, after leaving its factory, should last at least for a reasonably long period before ceasing to work.2. Quality-control instruments and testing devices are also governed by Murphy’s Law, so they are not reliable.3. Look at the artifacts of the pre-industrial era exhibited in a museum and you will see that technology is not the factor that decided the quality of these items.4. If a handmade basket or boat is made by an inexperienced or irresponsible worker, it may break down as easily as machine-made baskets or boat.5. My opinion is that it is the social relationship between producer and consumer rather than the technological relationship between producer and product that makes “handmade” items so highly regarded.III. Translate1. The harsh reality of daily life dispelled all his hopes for a bright future.2. Our sports meet will be postponed to next week because of the unpredictable weather.3. Every visitor to this exhibition must show his/her identity card no matter who he/she is.4. The renovation plan for the old city centre is subject to the approval of the municipal government.5. His hopes withered away after he had experienced one failure after another.6. E-mail is so quick and convenient in sending messages that it may soon replace ordinary mail service.7. The sight of the Great Wall evoked a sense of wonder in him.8. The maintenance of quality-control instrument can be very costly.Language WorkI 1-5. ABADA 6-10. CCBDB 11-15. DCBCD 16-20. ADDBDAnswers to the exercises in Unit 9II. Paraphrase1. The other was a newspaperman through and through—uncompromising, energetic, and intelligent about how to report reliable news based on facts.2. The different ways of providing news, i.e., the newspaper, television, and radio seem all to follow the belief that all news is bad news. Why is this so? Could it be because people are used to dwelling on negative news as a rule and because newspaper people are generally sensitive to such news when facing everyday happenings?3. I do not mean to propose that we make up some “good” news and use it as a remedy for the catastrophes reported on the front page. Neither do I consider good news as a thorough and detailed news story about how the local YMCA operates.4. What the news media report on us and on the world is the only information about ourselves and about the world we get. Such reportage had better be faithful to our life—and not be a distortion—because we must rely on the truthful picture of our life to make our decisions and plan our future.5. The knowledge that you come to possess by your own efforts over a long period of time does not become part of your inborn character. You may be able to earn the good life in a good society, but such good life cannot be yours permanently. If the understanding of the good life in a good society is not passed on, you will lose what you have earned.III. Translate1. If there is anything you are not clear about the device, address your inquiry to our head office.2. Before we put the new plan into practice, we had better scrutinize every aspect of it to make sure that it is practicable.3. We expect that there will be a change for the better in this area after the new regulations are implemented.4. Don’t take his words literally. He's just cracking a joke.5. The prospect of employing nitrogen fixation in agriculture is promising.6. His attempt at contriving a correcting fluid which leaves no marks on paper ended in failure.7. The non-Chinese-speaking foreigner gestured to make a request, but he just couldn’t get hi s idea across.8. Without considering the urgency of the matter, he gave us a flat refusal, once and for all.Language WorkI 1-5 BBCCC 6-10 BACAC 11-15 CC A/C BB 16-20 AAC A/B A21-22 A/B CAnswers to the exercises in Unit 11II. Paraphrase1. The more you attempt to shake off your worry, the harder it will be for you to get rid of it/have it off your mind.2. It is not a good idea to begin thinking of pursuing a hobby when you have already grown old.3. It is no good believing that you are in a p osition to enjoy at a moment’s notice any pastime which happens to catch your fancy; pleasure comes from exerting one’s talents in a hobby suited to one’s circumstances.4. Since those very wealthy people can afford to get access to almost anything they may think of and to turn the most fanciful ideas into reality, there is nothing in this world that can interest or excite them any more. To them, a new pleasure, a new excitement may very often make them even more bored about life.5. In fact, it is probably those whose work provides them with their enjoyment are those who are most in need of periodic distractions from their work.III. Translation1. His attempt at insinuating that John was the culprit turned out to be futile.2. He is very clever at improvising excuses when he fails to do what is expected of him.3. His trip to Tibet will gratify his desire to see the Potala.4. This corporation commands excellent human resources.5. Think of an alternative way of entertaining your guests. Don’t always show them VCDs.6. It is harmful to indulge in whims and caprices.7. Try not to lay your hands on anything that you are not entitled to.8. He did not come to the competition. It may well be that he had forgotten all about it.Language WorkI 1-5 ACCDA 6-10 DBBCD 11-15 ADBBC 16-20 BCDBAAnswers to the exercises in Unit 12II. Paraphrase1. A person's life is, above all else, shaped by conformity to the customs passed down in his society.2. We cannot understand the complexities of human life unless we know the role of custom in all its manifestations.3. If we conduct any systematic inquiry, it is essential for us to be unbiased/ we need to be unbiased towards every component part of the subject under examination.4. While people were convinced that differences between themselves on the one hand and aboriginal and backward people on the other hand were irreconcilable, the scientific study of the human race as such was not possible.III. Translate1Conventions are different from tradition in that the former are the generally accepted standards of behavior in a society, whereas the latter refers to the customary way of thinking or behaving that has been passed down from the past to the present.2. For a long time the teachings of Confucius and Mencius held sway over Chinese society.3. His scribbling is unintelligible to anyone but himself.4. He appealed to the higher court on the premise that he was unjustly sentenced to two years' imprisonment.5. One of my classmates finds it very difficult to differentiate between the two consonants /f/ and /v/.6.The predominant feature of the botanical garden is its spaciousness.7. Do you believe that human beings have evolved from the apes?8. It is incumbent on the teachers not only to impart knowledge but also to teach the students moral principles.Language WorkI. 1-5 ACBAC 6-10 ACBAB 11-15CBAAD 16-20 BDADB。

Unit One 1・在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。

(drivesth. home)After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove homehis point.2.差不多花了半年功夫，我们才完成了那个研究项目。

(more or less)It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.3•他说的话如此微妙，我们很难理解他的真实意图。

(subtle)What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.4.他的新书一针见血地审视了当代的社会问题。

(squarely)His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.5.今□的年轻一代对互联网上的最新信息很关注。

(be alive to)The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found onthe Internet.6•外语是不是在童年更容易学好？这是一个观点问题。

(a matter of)It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one'schildhood or otherwise.7.在挫折面前千万不要丧失信心；鼓起勇气坚定不移地去克服它。

(take courage) Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely.&适量的米饭、肉类、蔬菜、水果构成均衡的饮食。

新编英语教程5练习册答案Lesson 1: Greetings and IntroductionsExercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb.1. I am (be) pleased to meet you.2. He has (have) never been to China before.3. They are (be) playing soccer in the park.4. She is (be) an excellent cook.5. We have (have) finished our homework.Exercise 2: Match the questions with the appropriate responses.a. What's your name?b. Where are you from?c. How do you do?d. What time is it?e. Do you speak English?1. a - My name is John.2. b - I'm from Canada.3. c - How do you do? Nice to meet you.4. d - It's 3 o'clock.5. e - Yes, I do speak English.Lesson 2: Describing PeopleExercise 1: Complete the sentences with the correct adjective.1. She is very (very) intelligent.2. He has a kind (kind) heart.3. The elderly (elderly) lady is quite wise.4. The baby has a cute (cute) smile.5. My friend is extremely (extremely) talented.Exercise 2: Write sentences using the given words.1. Generous: She is known for her generous nature.2. Creative: He is a creative artist with a unique style.3. Humorous: The comedian's humorous jokes made everyone laugh.4. Adventurous: We are planning an adventurous trip to the mountains.5. Patient: Patience is key when learning a new skill.Lesson 3: Daily RoutinesExercise 1: Rewrite the sentences in the past tense.1. I got up at 7 a.m.2. She had breakfast and went to work.3. We took a walk in the park.4. He watched a movie in the evening.5. They went to bed at midnight.Exercise 2: Answer the questions based on the text.1. What time did the person wake up? - The person woke up at6 a.m.2. What did they have for breakfast? - They had cereal andmilk for breakfast.3. Where did they go after breakfast? - They went to workafter breakfast.4. What did they do during lunchtime? - They had lunch with a colleague.5. What time did they go to bed? - They went to bed at 10 p.m.Lesson 4: Food and CookingExercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition.1. She is cooking in the kitchen.2. We usually have dinner at 7 p.m.3. The ingredients are for the cake.4. He is allergic to peanuts.5. She added sugar into the mixture.Exercise 2: Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.1. I prefer tea over coffee.2. The chef is baking a cake.3. She seasoned the dish with salt and pepper.4. The soup needs to be simmered for an hour.5. He grilled the steak to perfection.Lesson 5: Travel and PlacesExercise 1: Use the correct form of the verb to ask questions.1. Where are (be) you going on vacation?2. Does (do) you have a passport?3. How do (do) you plan to travel?4. Is (be) the museum open today?5. Have (have) you ever been to Paris?Exercise 2: Complete the dialogue with the correct phrases.A: Have you decided where to go for your holiday?B: Yes, we're going to visit the Great Wall of China.A: That sounds exciting. When are you leaving?B: We plan to leave next month.A: Make sure you pack enough warm clothes.B: Don't worry, we've already checked the weather.Note: The content above is generated as an example for a new English tutorial exercise book and does not represent actual answers to a specific exercise book.。

Answer the following questions from the texts:Unit 1:1．Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?So with language firmly and exactly.2. what does the word “this” in sentence 1,para 2, refer to?Getting the word that is completely right for the writer’s purpose.3．Do yo u ag re e w it h t he aut ho r t hat t he re is a g re at d e al o f t rut h in t heseemingly stupid question “Ho w can I know w hat I think till I see what I say?”The question sounds irrational, but is true. Unless we have found the exact wo rd s to verbalize our own thoughts, we can never be very sure o f what our thoughts are. Without words, our thoughts can not be defined or stated in a clear and p re cise m anne r.4. expain w hy t he w o rd“imprison” in the example g iv e n in p ara.9, though not a malapropism, is st ill not the right w o rd for the w rit e r’s purpose?“malapropism” m eans the unintentional m isuse of a word by confusing itwith one that resembles it, such as “human” for “humane”, “singularity” for “singleness”. But the m isuse of im prison is d ifferent case, it is wrong ly chosen because the user has failed to recognise its associations.5.Please m ake comments on the three pairs o f examples given in this section. Compare and contrast their differences in meaning.human: of, or relating to man. (human being;human nature; human rights)humane: characterized by kindness, mercy,or compassion. (humane judge,humane officer)Human action = action taken by human;Humane action = merciful action;Human killer = person that kills human;Humane killer = instruments which kill but cause little pain, esp. those for the painless killing of animals.6. what do es the wo rd “alive” in the sentence “a student needs to be alive to these differences” (para.9)mean?Sensitive, alert.7. the writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words. indentify the places where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.“we d o n’t have to look far afield to find the evidence of carpentry”(para.5)“it is p erhap s easier to b e a g o o d craftm an with wo o d and nail than a g o o d craftsman with words.”(para.9)“a g o o d carp e nte r is no t d isting uishe d b y the num b e r o f his to o ls, b ut b y thecraftsm anship with which he uses them. So a g o o d writer is no t m easured b y theextent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the “mot juste”, the wo rd that will hit the nail cleanly on the head.”(para.11)Unit 3:1. In the Hoffmann’s opinion “simplicity” is the best word to describe the essense o f Einstein’s characte r. The abstract notion o f simplicity is explained by a phrase in the first paragraph. Which is it?“going instinctively to the heart of a matter”2. from the tw o anecdotes related in paras.2-4, what impression o f Einste in have yo u g o t?Einstein was a very m odest, never thinking him self any superior to or m ore authoritative than others because o f his fame and achievements as a g re at scientist of the time.3. what, according to the author, is Einstein’s most outstanding trait as a scie ntist?Concentration. Refer to the first sentence of Paragraph 9.4. w hy did Einste in insist o n w o rking hard w he n he w as so badly shake n byhis wife’s death?Wo rking hard re q uire s concentration, which would help him to dispel the fe e ling o f so rro w.5. ho w do yo u inte rpre t the se nte nce in para.11 “to he lp him, I ste e e re d the discussion away from routine matters into more difficult theoretical problems”?Tacklin g m o re difficult theoretical problems re q uire s g re ate r concentration and absorption. This would help him temporarily forget the sadness caused by his wife’s d e ath..6. what re v e lat io n is made through Einstein’s comment on Be e t ho v e n and Mozart’s works?As a simple man, Einstein take s it that beauty exists in the Universe. Such beauty is natural, pure, and simple. Beauty found is even g re ate r and m o re admirable than beauty created.7. ho w did Einste in fe e l abo ut the de structive e ffe ct pro duce d as a re sultof the application of his E=mc2 formula?This is something he had not expected. He was greatly dismayed by the devastating effect his formula produced once it was put into application.8.w ith his favo rite ane cdo te re late d in para.19, Ho ffm ann aim s to illustrate Einstein’s w him sically. Do you think he is really a whimsical man? What personality trait other than being whimsical is revealed here?He was no t re ally a whim sical m an. If he co uld b e calle d a whim sical m an, the nhis whimsicality came from the young heart and childlike innocence which he had managed to retain.Unit 41.ho w do yo u acco unt fo r Harring to n’s use n para.2 o f the first pe rso n singular, which is not found anywhere else in the passage?To enforce his assertion that the other America did exist though most Americans might not believe it just because they had never been there personally. What Harring ton is trying to say is “I m yself was o nce ig no rant o f its existence,but now I can prove to you that it does exist.”2.what, according to Harrington, has rendered poverty less visible in rural America?Re fe r to p aras.4-5Rural p o verty is hid d en away fro m to urists who no rm ally travel o n hig hwayswithout penetrating into the country, and sometimes is masked by its natural b e au ty.3.ho w has urb an d e ve lo p m e nt co nt rib ut e d t o t he re d uce d aw are ne ss o fthe existence of the poor?Refer to paras.8-10Urb an transfo rm atio n lead s to the d istrib utio nal seg reg atio n o f p o verty, andurban renewal creates the false impression about the existence of the poor.4.what hav e mass-production and age to d o with the invisiblity o f poverty?Refer to paras.11-14Mass p ro d uctio n o f g arm ents enab les even the p o o r to b e d ecently d ressed.Most poor people are aged; they are less mobile and thus less visible.5.how d o y o u understand the statement “the poor are politically invisble”?p o litically, the poor are not adequately re p re se nte d; and their voice is not heard an attended to in the political life of the nation.。

李观仪《新编英语教程（5）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】目录Unit 1　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 2　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 3　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 4　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 5　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 6　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 7　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 8　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 9　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 10　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 11　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 12　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介《新编英语教程（第3版）学习指南》按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及单元语法、词汇短语、参考译文、课文精解以及练习答案等内容，旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教材中的重点及难点知识，具有很强的针对性和实用性。

在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲解深入浅出，希望它能得到广大英语专业学生和英语自学者的喜爱和认可。

弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录Unit 1一、词汇短语Text I1clumsy [5klQmzi] adj. moving or doing things in a very awkward way 笨拙的，拙劣的：I spilt your coffee. Sorry—that was clumsy of me.我把你的咖啡弄洒了。

ComprehensionI. Judge which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the article.A. To be able to use the right word is an important component of one’s mastery of the English language.B. To facilitate one’s own process of cognition and one’s communication with others, one must be able to choose the right word from the extensive vocabulary of the English language.C. It is more important to know exactly the meaning and use of a relatively small number of words than to know vaguely a larger number.II. Determine which is the best choice for each of the following questions.1. “Clean English” in the first paragraph means .A. English of a dignified styleB. English free from swear wordsC. English which is precise and clear2.The word “realization” in the sentence “Choosing words is part of the process of realization…” means .A. articulating soundsB. fulfilling one’s goalsC. becoming aware of what one thinks and feels3. The example given in para. 3 of a man searching for the right word for his feelings about his friend illustrates the function words perform in .A. defining out thoughts and feelings for ourselvesB. defining our thoughts and feelings for those who hear usC. both A and B4. The word “cleanly” in the last sentence means .A. squarelyB. clearlyC. neatly5.The examples of the untranslatability of some words given in para. 11 best illustrate which sentence of the paragraph?A. The first sentence.B. The second sentence.C. The third sentence.III. Answer the following questions.1. Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?2. What does the word “this” in sent ence 1, para. 2, refer to?3. Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in the seemingly stupid question “How can I know what I think till I see what I say”?Why or why not?4. Explain why the word “imprison” in the example given in para. 9, though not a malapropism, is still not the right word for the writer’s purpose.5. What is the difference between “human” and “humane”? And the difference between “human action” and “humane action”, and also that between “human killer” and “humane killer”?6. What does the word “alive” in the sentence “a student needs to be alive to these differences” (para. 9) mean?7. Why is it difficult and sometimes even impossible to translate a word from one language into another as illustrated in para. 11? Supply some such examples with English and Chinese.8. The writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words. Identify the places where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.Language WorkI. Read the following list of words and consider carefully the meaning of each word. Then complete each of the sentences below using the correct form of an appropriate word from the list.Creep Loiter March Meander Pace Patrol Plod Prowl Ramble Roam SaunterShuffle Stagger Stalk Step Stride Strut Stroll Toddle Tramp Tread Trudge Walk1. After the maths examination Fred, feeling exhausted, across the campus.2. The soldiers reached their camp after 15 miles through the deep snow.3. It is pleasant to in the park in the evening.4. After the cross-country race Jack to the changing room.5. Last night when he sleepily to the ringing telephone, he accidentally bumped into the wardrobe.6. We saw him towards the station a few minutes before the train’s departure.7. The old couple through the park, looking for a secluded bench to sit on and rest.8. The newly-appointed general about the room like a latter-day Napoleon.9. Peter whistled happily as he along the beach.10. These old people liked to about the antique ruins in search of a shady picnic spot.11. Many tourists about the mall, windowshopping.12. We were fascinated by the view outside the room----a beautiful verdant meadow and brooks through it.13. Mary used to about the hills and pick wild flowers for her mother.14. Eager to see the pony in the stable, the children down the staircase, their hearts pounding violently.15. The lion had the jungle for a long time before it caught sight of a hare.16. My brother began to when he was ten months old.17. The farmers often let their horses freely in the meadow so that they could eat their fill of grass.18. The patrols were along through the undergrowth when the bomb exploded.19. The thugs were reported to be the streets for women workers who were on their way home after the afternoon shift.20. The first-year students not only learned how to , they were also taught how to take aim and shoot when they had military training.21. Sometimes Tom, our reporter, would up and down the study, deep in thought.22. When he was Third Street, Fred found the little match girl lying dead at the street corner.23. Secretaries hated seeing their new manager in and out of theoffice without even casting a glance at them.24. Mother asked us to lightly so as not to wake Granny.25. The refugees for miles and miles all day hunting for a place to work.26. When the pop singer out of the car, his fans ran to him, eager to get his autograph.27. The laborers on their way home after working in the plantation the whole day.28.The lion was feeling pretty good as he (A) through the jungle. Seeing a tiger, the lion stopped it.“Who is the King of the jungle?” the lion demanded.“You, O lion, are the King of the jungle,” replied the tiger.Satisfied, the lion (B) on, until he came across a large, ferocious-looking leopard.“Who is the King of the jungle?” asked the lion, and the leopard bowed in awe. “You, mighty lion, you are the King of the jungle,” it said humbly and (C) off.Feeling on top of the world, the lion proudly (D) up to a huge elephant an d asked the same question. “Who is the King of the jungle?”Without answering, the elephant picked up the lion, swirled him round in the air, smashed him to the ground and jumped on him.“Look,” said the lion, “there’s no need to get mad just because you didn’t know the answer.”II. Make a list of more specific words for each of the following general terms. For example, for WALK, you could list stride, stroll, saunter, plod, toddle and so on. Give sentences to illustrate how the words may be used.1. SAY2. SEE3. BEVERAGE4. EXCITEMENT5. DELIGHT6. SKILFULIII. In the following sentences three alternatives are given in parentheses for the italicized words. Select the one which you think is most suitable in the context.1. A clumsy (heavy, stupid, unskillful) workman is likely to find fault with his tools.2. As John was a deft (skillful, clever, ready) mechanic, he was hired by the joint-venture in no time.3. The writer made a point of avoiding using loose(vague, unbound, disengaged) terminology in his science fiction.4. We didn’t appreciate his subtle(delicate, tricky, profound) scheme to make money at the expense of the customers.5. Annie Oakley became famous as one of the world’s most precise (accurate, scrupulous, rigid) sharpshooters.6. The government in that newly-independent country has decided to make ashift (alteration, turn, transference) in its foreign policies.7. Misunderstanding arose on account of the vague(undetermined, confused, ambiguous) instructions on the part of the manager.8. If soldiers do not pay scrupulous (exact, vigilant, conscientious) attention to orders they will not defeat the enemy.9. In some areas, the virgin forest has been cut through ignorance (blindness, want of knowledge, darkness) of the value of trees.10. Since many pure metals have such disadvantages (harm, unfavourableness, drawbacks) as being too soft and being liable to rust too easily, they have little use.11. My colleague, Mr. Hill, has a small but well-chosen library, where it is said he spends most of his spare time cultivating(nourishing, tilling, developing) his mind.12. If you think photography is my hobby, your belief is quite mistaken (fraudulent, erroneous, deceitful).13. What appears to the laymen as unimportant (minute, trivial, diminutive) and unrelated facts is often precious to the archaeologist.14. The lounge has a seating capacity of 30 people but it is too dark (dim, dingy, gloomy) to read there.15. These career-oriented women are used to flexible (adaptable, willowy, docile) working hours in the office.16. Only experts with a professional eye can tell the fine(fair, pleasant,subtle) distinction between the two gems.17. The goose quill pen has a great sentimental (tender, emotional, soft) appeal to Emily as it was a gift from her best friend.18. Being thoughtful of and enthusiastic towards others is the essence (gist, kernel, quintessence) of politeness.19. When Iraq destroyed some of its nuclear and chemical weapons, it acted under coercion (repression, concession, compulsion).20. My uncle’s oft-repeated anecdotes of his adventures in Africa were fascinating (catching, pleasing, absorbing ) to listen to.IV. Give one generic term that covers each of the following groups of words.1. artificer, turner, joiner, carpenter, weaver, binder, potter, paper-cutter2. volume, brochure, pamphlet, treatise, handbook, manual, textbook, booklet3. painter, sculptor, carver, poet, novelist, musician, sketcher4. grin, smirk, beam, simper5. donation, subscription, alms, grant, endowment6. bandit, poacher, swindler, fraud, embezzler, imposter, smuggler7. nibble, munch, devour, gulp8. drowse, doze, slumber, hibernate, coma, rest, nap9. manufacture, construct, weave, compose, compile10. ancient, antique, old-fashioned, obsolete, archaic11. slap, tap, pat, thump, whack12. alight, descend, dismount, disembarkV. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word.In discussing the relative difficulties of analysis which the exact and inexact sciences face, let me begin with an analogy. Would you agree that swimmers are (1) skilful athletes than runners (2) swimmers do not move as fast as runners? You probably would (3) . You would quickly point out (4) water offers greater (5) to swimmers than the air and ground do to (6) Agreed, that is just the point. In seeking to (7) their problems, the social scientists encounter (8) resistance than the physical scientists. By (9) I do not mean to belittle the great accomplishments of physical scientists who have been able, for example, to determine the structure of the atom (10) seeing it. That is a tremendous (11) yet (12) many ways it is not so difficult as what the social scientists are expected to (13) . The conditions under which the social scientists must work would drive a (14) scientist frantic. Here are five of (15) conditions. He can perform (16) experiments; he cannot measure the results accurately; he (17) control the conditions surrounding (18) experiments; he is of the expected to get quick results(19) slow-acting economic forces; and he must work with people,(20) with inanimate objects…VI. Following Warner’s model of establishing an analogy between two dissimilar things, write a passage, discussing the learning of a foreign language. You are supposed to use an analogy to help you explain. For instance, you may compare the learning of a foreign language to that of swimming, bike-riding, etc.UNIT 1 TEXT 1Exercises KeysComprehension:I. B ;II. 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C ;III. 1. “So with language; …firmly and exactly.”2. Getting the word that is completely right for the writer’s purpose.3. Yes, I do. It sounds irrational that a person does not know what he himself thinks before he sees what he says. But as a matter of fact, it is quite true that unless we have found the exact words to verbalize our own thoughts we can never be very sure of what our thoughts are; without words, our thoughts cannot be defined or stated in a clear and precise manner.4. “Malapropism” means the unintentional misuse of a word by confusing it with one that resembles it, such as human for humane, singularity for singleness. But the misuse of “imprison” is a different case. It is wronglychosen because the user has failed to recognize its connotation.5. human=of, characterizing, or relating to manhumane=characterized by kindness, mercy, sympathyThus: human action=action taken by man; humane action=merciful action; human killer=person that kills humans ; humane killer=that which kills but causes little pain6. sensitive, alert7. Those are words denoting notions which are existent only in specific culture, not universally shared by all cultures. English words difficult to be turned into Chinese: privacy, party, lobby (v.), etc. Chinese words difficult to be turned into English: 吹风会，粽子，五保户，etc.8. “We don’t have to look far afield to find evidence of bad carpentry.”“It is perhaps easier to be a good craftsman with wood and nails than a good craftsman with word s.”“A good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the ‘mot juste’, the word that will hit t he nail cleanly on the head.”Language Work:I. 1. shuffled/trudged 2. trudging 3. stroll 4. staggered 5. staggered 6. striding 7. strolled 8. strutted 9. sauntered/strolled 10. ramble/roam 11.loitered 12. meandering 13. roam 14. crept 15. prowled 16. toddle 17. roam 18. creeping 19. prowling 20. march 21. pace 22. patrolling 23. stalking 24. tread 25. tramped 26. stepped 27. plodded 28. A. prowled/strutted B. strolled/sauntered C. walked/crept D. marched/struttedII.1.SAY: speak, tell, declare, pronounce, express, state, argue, affirm, mention, allege, recite, repeat, rehearse2. SEE: behold, look at, glimpse, glance at, view, survey, contemplate, perceive, notice, observe, discern, distinguish, remark, comprehend, understand, know3. BEVERAGE: liquor, wine, beer, tea, coffee, milk drink, soft drink4. EXCITEMENT: agitation, perturbation, commotion, disturbance, tension, bustle, stir, flutter, sensation5. DELIGHT: joy, gladness, satisfaction, charm, rapture, ecstasy, pleasure, gratification6. SKILFUL: apt, ingenious, handy, ready, quick, smart, expert, capable, able, gifted, talented, dexterous, cleverIII. 1. clumsy----unskillful 2. deft----skillful 3. loose----vague 4. subtle----tricky 5. precise----accurate 6. shift----alteration 7. vague----ambiguous8. scrupulous----conscientious 9. ignorance----want of knowledge 10. disadvantages----drawbacks 11. cultivation----developing 12.mistaken----erroneous 13. unimportant----trivial 14. dark----dim 15. flexible----adaptable 16. fine----subtle 17. sentimental----emotional 18. essence----quintessence 19. coercion----compulsion 20. fascinating----absorbingIV. 1. craftsman 2. book/publication 3. artist 4. smile 5. contribution 6. law-breaker 7. eat 8. sleep 9. make 10. old 11. hit 12. get offV. 1. less 2. because/since/as 3. not 4. that 5. resistance 6. runners 7. solve 8. greater/more 9. that 10. without 11. achievement/feat 12. in 13. do 14. physical 15. those 16. few 17. cannot 18. the 19. with 20. not。

Answer the following questions from the texts:Unit 1:1 ．Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?So with language firmly and exactly.2. what does the word “this ”in sentence 1,para 2, refer to?Getting the word that is completely right for the writer’s purpose.3 ．Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in theseemingly stupid question ow can I know what I think till I see what I say?”The question sounds irrational, but is true. Unless we have found the exact words to verbalize our own thoughts, we can never be very sure of what our thoughts are. Without words, our thoughts can not be defined or stated in a clear andprecise manner.4. expain why the word “imprison” in the example given in para.9, though not a malapropism, is still not the right word for the writer’s purpose?“malapropism ” means the unintentional misuse of a word by confusing itwith one that resembles it, such as “h uman ” for“h umane ”,“singularity”for “singleness ”.But the misuse of imprison is different case, it is wrongly chosenbecause the user has failed to recognise its associations.5. Please make comments on the three pairs of examples given in this section. Compare and contrast their differences in meaning.human: of, or relating to man. (human being;human nature; human rights)humane: characterized by kindness, mercy,or compassion. (humane judge,humane officer)Human action = action taken by human;Humane action = merciful action;Human killer = person that kills human;Humane killer = instruments which kill but cause little pain, esp. those for the painless killing of animals.6. what does the word “alive ” in the sentenc e “a student needs to be alive to these differences ” (para.9)mean?Sensitive, alert.7. the writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words. indentify the places where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.“we don ’t have to look far afield to find the evidence of carpentry ”(para.5)“i t is perhaps easier to be a good craftman with wood and nail than a goodcraftsman with words. ”(para.9)“a goodcarpenter is not distinguishedby the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by theextent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the “m ot juste ”, the wordthat will hit the nail cleanly on the head. ”(para.11)Unit 3:1. In the Hoffmann ’s opinion “simplicity ” is the best word to describe the essense of Einstein ’s characte r. The abstract notion of simplicity is explained by a phrase in the first paragraph. Which is it?“going instinctively to the heart of a matter”2. from the two anecdotes related in paras.2-4, what impression of Einstein haveyou got?Einstein was avery modest, never thinking himself any superior to or more authoritative than others because of his fame and achievements as a greatscientist of the time.3. what, according to the author, is Einstein ’s most outstanding trait as a scientist?Concentration. Refer to the first sentence of Paragraph 9.4. why did Einstein insist on workinghard when hewas sobadly shaken byhis wife ’s death?Working hard requires concentration, which would help him to dispel the feelingof sorrow.5. how do you interpret the sentence in para.11 the discussion away from routine matters problems ”?“to help him, I steeered into more difficult theoreticalTackling more difficult theoretical problems requires greater concentration and absorption. This would help him temporarily forget the sadness caused by his wife’s d eath..6. what revelation is made through Einstein ’s comment on Beethoven and Mozart ’sworks?As a simple man, Einstein takes it that beauty exists in the Universe. Such beauty is natural, pure, and simple. Beauty found is even greater and more admirable than beauty created.7. how did Einstein feel about the destructive effect produced as a resultof the application of his E=mc 2 formula?This is something he had not expected. He was greatly dismayed by the devastating effect his formula produced once it was put into application.8.with his favoriteanecdoterelated in para.19, Hoffmann aims toillustrateEinstein ’s whimsically. Do you think he is really a whimsical man? What personality trait other than being whimsical is revealed here?He was not really a whimsical man. If he couldbe calleda whimsical man, thenhis whimsicality came from the young heart and childlike innocence which he hadmanaged to retain.Unit 41. how do you account for Harrington ’s use n para.2 of the first person singular, which is not found anywhere else in the passage?To enforce his assertion that the other America did exist though most Americans might not believe it just because they had never been there personally. What Harrington is trying to say is “I myself was once ignorant of its existence,but now I can prove to you that it does exist. ”2. what, according to Harrington, has rendered poverty less visible in rural America?Refer to paras.4-5Rural poverty is hidden away from tourists who normally travel on highwayswithout penetrating into the country, and sometimes is masked by its natural beauty.3. howhas urban development contributed to the reduced awareness ofthe existence of the poor?Refer to paras.8-10Urban transformation leads to the distributional segregation of poverty, andurban renewal creates the false impression about the existence of the poor.4. what have mass-production and age to do with the invisiblity of poverty?Refer to paras.11-14Mass production of garments enables even the poor to be decently dressed.Most poor people are aged; they are less mobile and thus less visible.5. how do you understand the statement “the poor are politically invisble ”?politically, the poor are not adequately represented; and their voice is not heard an attended to in the political life of the nation.。

ParaphraseUnit1.1 A writer who pay great attention to expressing the exact English will never be satisfied with a word which can not express an idea accurately.U1.2 For the reader can easily understand what kind of feelings and thoughts we want to convey, we need to be careful to choose the words we used in article.U1.3Finding the most suitable word is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight and excitement we shall experience when we pick up such a word.U1.4 If we can use language accurately we are in a position to totally understand the subject matter.U2.1 The result is, the sea, the cradle of many civilizations, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.U2.2 Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out half a mile from the shore, most cities do not bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline.U2.3 There is an even bigger hazard hidden in the seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday makers.U2.4 Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents.U3.1 Einstein's natural ability of intuitively getting to the essence of a subject and unusual awareness of beauty were the key to his great discoveries.U3.2His engrossment was incredibly intense and deep. When meeting a difficult problem, he attempted to deal it with great effort, just like an animal chases its prey until it gets the prey.U3.3 He would look lost in thought, thinking about something distant, and yet meditating within himself. He did not seem to be in deep thought, nor did he knit his brows----he was just in self----contained peaceful contemplation.U3.4 Einstein's assumptions, considered separately, seemed to be reasonable, credible and clear in the original sense. But when considered together, they were so strongly contradictory to each other that a less learned scholar would have given up one or the other completely and would no longer take up the issue again.U3.5Einstein’s work was done quietly with pencil on paper and seemed to be far away from the confusion of everyday life, but his ideas were so radical that they led to strong arguments and made people unreasonably angry.U4.1The beautiful clothes worn by the poor and the myth story about the affluent society always cover the severe fact of the poor.U4.2 The middle class was misled by the beauty and myths mask of the poverty, and their unawareness made more complex this separation between the rich and the poor.U5.1Children have become television addicts, devoting much of the time when they are together to watching TV.U5.2 Television is not merely one among many important factors that may influence a child today.U5.3 Television has brought about great changes in family life, playing the dominant role in shaping the lives of chi ldren today.U5.4 .....the television has its magic power over people. As soon as the television is on, people stop talking and doin g anything else, becoming lifeless statues before the TV sc reen.U5.5 The moment a child sits down to watch television is the moment his growth towards maturity is suspended.Translate the following into EnglishU1.1 After citing many facts and listing some statistics, he finally drove home his points.U1.2It took us half a year more or less to finish the research project.U1.3.What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.U1.4His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.U1.5 Today, the young generation is very much alive to the newest information which on the Internet.U1.6 Is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise.U1.7 Never lose heart in the face of a setback; just take courage and deal with it squarely.U1.8 Rice, meat, vegetables, and fruit constitute balanced diets. U2.1 One person's effort is not enough to cope with such a complicated situation.U2.2When do you think the new rules about information will take effect?U2.3 There is little chance to win the lottery, maybe only a one -in -hundred chance.U2.4 It is deplorable that many teenagers fall victim to poison.U2.5 There is virtually no one who support his proposal.U2.6 Beware of the swindler with a slick tongue and a smiling face.U2.7 Don’t touch the bag, The explosive i n it may blow up at any minute. Your life will be at risk.U2.8 He looked confident about his job，but he lurked some doubts in the depth of his mind.U3.1He honked his car horn to alert the pedestrians.U3.2 The fast development of Information Technology is an outstanding example of human endeavor.U3.3 Mary groped for the appropriate words to express her indebtedness to her teacher.U3.4 The school principal's words conveyed a message of challenge to the young people.U3.5 Don't tamper with the wires, or you may cause a short circuit.U3.6 He thought he could beat everyone at the competition, but his excessive confidence failed him.U3.7 What he said seemed simple and clear, but there was an implied meaning that we couldn't quite fathom.U3.8 He tried to steer the group's random talk towards some constructive subjects.U4.1Can I be exempt from the regular physical examination this year？I just had one three month ago before I went to the summer camp.U4.2 Could you tell me again what I should do next? It has slipped out of my mind what you said to me yesterday.U4.3We all assumed that Dave was a trustworthy person, but it turned out that we were wrong.U4.4His misfortune was compounded by his wife's ill and his loss of job.U4.5 Whether or not there are living beings in other space is of perennial interest to man.U4.6 When you are under great strain, you will not be abl e to think clearly.U4.7 Jim tends to lose his temper when his advice is not heeded. U4.8 Despite the teacher has erudite knowledge，he feels that it's difficult to speak articulately the need of students.U5.1 Jane is a smart girl, she can always give any question appropriate answers on the spur of the moment.U5.2 Our teacher attained full professorship before he was forty. U5.3 Environmental pollution is afflicts many cities and towns around the world.U5.4 Acupuncture therapy produces marked effects on patientssuffering from arthritis.U5.5 Instead of being profit-oriented, hospitals should make their efforts to take good care of the patients.U5.6 What sort of people are involved in the lawsuit?U5.7 The factory is taking drastic measures to ameliorate the working conditions in the workshop.U5.8 Outstanding young men and women are emerging from various walks of life .。

ComprehensionI. Judge which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the article.A. To be able to use the right word is an important component of one’s mastery of the English language.B. To facilitate one’s own process of cognition and one’s communication with others, one must be able to choose the right word from the extensive vocabulary of the English language.C. It is more important to know exactly the meaning and use of a relatively small number of words than to know vaguely a larger number.II. Determine which is the best choice for each of the following questions.1. “Clean English” in the first paragraph means .A. English of a dignified styleB. English free from swear wordsC. English which is precise and clear2.The word “realization” in the sentence “Choosing words is part of the process of realization…” means .A. articulating soundsB. fulfilling one’s goalsC. becoming aware of what one thinks and feels3. The example given in para. 3 of a man searching for the right word for his feelings about his friend illustrates the function words perform in .A. defining out thoughts and feelings for ourselvesB. defining our thoughts and feelings for those who hear usC. both A and B4. The word “cleanly” in the last sentence means .A. squarelyB. clearlyC. neatly5.The examples of the untranslatability of some words given in para. 11 best illustrate which sentence of the paragraph?A. The first sentence.B. The second sentence.C. The third sentence.III. Answer the following questions.1. Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?2. What does the word “this” in sent ence 1, para. 2, refer to?3. Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in the seemingly stupid question “How can I know what I think till I see what I say”?Why or why not?4. Explain why the word “imprison” in the example given in para. 9, though not a malapropism, is still not the right word for the writer’s purpose.5. What is the difference between “human” and “humane”? And the difference between “human action” and “humane action”, and also that between “human killer” and “humane killer”?6. What does the word “alive” in the sentence “a student needs to be alive to these differences” (para. 9) mean?7. Why is it difficult and sometimes even impossible to translate a word from one language into another as illustrated in para. 11? Supply some such examples with English and Chinese.8. The writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words. Identify the places where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.Language WorkI. Read the following list of words and consider carefully the meaning of each word. Then complete each of the sentences below using the correct form of an appropriate word from the list.Creep Loiter March Meander Pace Patrol Plod Prowl Ramble Roam SaunterShuffle Stagger Stalk Step Stride Strut Stroll Toddle Tramp Tread Trudge Walk1. After the maths examination Fred, feeling exhausted, across the campus.2. The soldiers reached their camp after 15 miles through the deep snow.3. It is pleasant to in the park in the evening.4. After the cross-country race Jack to the changing room.5. Last night when he sleepily to the ringing telephone, he accidentally bumped into the wardrobe.6. We saw him towards the station a few minutes before the train’s departure.7. The old couple through the park, looking for a secluded bench to sit on and rest.8. The newly-appointed general about the room like a latter-day Napoleon.9. Peter whistled happily as he along the beach.10. These old people liked to about the antique ruins in search of a shady picnic spot.11. Many tourists about the mall, windowshopping.12. We were fascinated by the view outside the room----a beautiful verdant meadow and brooks through it.13. Mary used to about the hills and pick wild flowers for her mother.14. Eager to see the pony in the stable, the children down the staircase, their hearts pounding violently.15. The lion had the jungle for a long time before it caught sight of a hare.16. My brother began to when he was ten months old.17. The farmers often let their horses freely in the meadow so that they could eat their fill of grass.18. The patrols were along through the undergrowth when the bomb exploded.19. The thugs were reported to be the streets for women workers who were on their way home after the afternoon shift.20. The first-year students not only learned how to , they were also taught how to take aim and shoot when they had military training.21. Sometimes Tom, our reporter, would up and down the study, deep in thought.22. When he was Third Street, Fred found the little match girl lying dead at the street corner.23. Secretaries hated seeing their new manager in and out of theoffice without even casting a glance at them.24. Mother asked us to lightly so as not to wake Granny.25. The refugees for miles and miles all day hunting for a place to work.26. When the pop singer out of the car, his fans ran to him, eager to get his autograph.27. The laborers on their way home after working in the plantation the whole day.28.The lion was feeling pretty good as he (A) through the jungle. Seeing a tiger, the lion stopped it.“Who is the King of the jungle?” the lion demanded.“You, O lion, are the King of the jungle,” replied the tiger.Satisfied, the lion (B) on, until he came across a large, ferocious-looking leopard.“Who is the King of the jungle?” asked the lion, and the leopard bowed in awe. “You, mighty lion, you are the King of the jungle,” it said humbly and (C) off.Feeling on top of the world, the lion proudly (D) up to a huge elephant and aske d the same question. “Who is the King of the jungle?”Without answering, the elephant picked up the lion, swirled him round in the air, smashed him to the ground and jumped on him.“Look,” said the lion, “there’s no need to get mad just because you didn’t know the answer.”II. Make a list of more specific words for each of the following general terms. For example, for WALK, you could list stride, stroll, saunter, plod, toddle and so on. Give sentences to illustrate how the words may be used.1. SAY2. SEE3. BEVERAGE4. EXCITEMENT5. DELIGHT6. SKILFULIII. In the following sentences three alternatives are given in parentheses for the italicized words. Select the one which you think is most suitable in the context.1. A clumsy (heavy, stupid, unskillful) workman is likely to find fault with his tools.2. As John was a deft (skillful, clever, ready) mechanic, he was hired by the joint-venture in no time.3. The writer made a point of avoiding using loose(vague, unbound, disengaged) terminology in his science fiction.4. We didn’t appreciate his subtle(delicate, tricky, profound) scheme to make money at the expense of the customers.5. Annie Oakley became famous as one of the world’s most precise (accurate, scrupulous, rigid) sharpshooters.6. The government in that newly-independent country has decided to make ashift (alteration, turn, transference) in its foreign policies.7. Misunderstanding arose on account of the vague(undetermined, confused, ambiguous) instructions on the part of the manager.8. If soldiers do not pay scrupulous (exact, vigilant, conscientious) attention to orders they will not defeat the enemy.9. In some areas, the virgin forest has been cut through ignorance (blindness, want of knowledge, darkness) of the value of trees.10. Since many pure metals have such disadvantages (harm, unfavourableness, drawbacks) as being too soft and being liable to rust too easily, they have little use.11. My colleague, Mr. Hill, has a small but well-chosen library, where it is said he spends most of his spare time cultivating(nourishing, tilling, developing) his mind.12. If you think photography is my hobby, your belief is quite mistaken (fraudulent, erroneous, deceitful).13. What appears to the laymen as unimportant (minute, trivial, diminutive) and unrelated facts is often precious to the archaeologist.14. The lounge has a seating capacity of 30 people but it is too dark (dim, dingy, gloomy) to read there.15. These career-oriented women are used to flexible (adaptable, willowy, docile) working hours in the office.16. Only experts with a professional eye can tell the fine(fair, pleasant,subtle) distinction between the two gems.17. The goose quill pen has a great sentimental (tender, emotional, soft) appeal to Emily as it was a gift from her best friend.18. Being thoughtful of and enthusiastic towards others is the essence (gist, kernel, quintessence) of politeness.19. When Iraq destroyed some of its nuclear and chemical weapons, it acted under coercion (repression, concession, compulsion).20. My uncle’s oft-repeated anecdotes of his adventures in Africa were fascinating (catching, pleasing, absorbing ) to listen to.IV. Give one generic term that covers each of the following groups of words.1. artificer, turner, joiner, carpenter, weaver, binder, potter, paper-cutter2. volume, brochure, pamphlet, treatise, handbook, manual, textbook, booklet3. painter, sculptor, carver, poet, novelist, musician, sketcher4. grin, smirk, beam, simper5. donation, subscription, alms, grant, endowment6. bandit, poacher, swindler, fraud, embezzler, imposter, smuggler7. nibble, munch, devour, gulp8. drowse, doze, slumber, hibernate, coma, rest, nap9. manufacture, construct, weave, compose, compile10. ancient, antique, old-fashioned, obsolete, archaic11. slap, tap, pat, thump, whack12. alight, descend, dismount, disembarkV. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word.In discussing the relative difficulties of analysis which the exact and inexact sciences face, let me begin with an analogy. Would you agree that swimmers are (1) skilful athletes than runners (2) swimmers do not move as fast as runners? You probably would (3) . You would quickly point out (4) water offers greater (5) to swimmers than the air and ground do to (6) Agreed, that is just the point. In seeking to (7) their problems, the social scientists encounter (8) resistance than the physical scientists. By (9) I do not mean to belittle the great accomplishments of physical scientists who have been able, for example, to determine the structure of the atom (10) seeing it. That is a tremendous (11) yet (12) many ways it is not so difficult as what the social scientists are expected to (13) . The conditions under which the social scientists must work would drive a (14) scientist frantic. Here are five of (15) conditions. He can perform (16) experiments; he cannot measure the results accurately; he (17) control the conditions surrounding (18) experiments; he is of the expected to get quick results(19) slow-acting economic forces; and he must work with people,(20) with inanimate objects…VI. Following Warner’s model of establishing an analogy between two dissimilar things, write a passage, discussing the learning of a foreign language. You are supposed to use an analogy to help you explain. For instance, you may compare the learning of a foreign language to that of swimming, bike-riding, etc.UNIT 1 TEXT 1Exercises KeysComprehension:I. B ;II. 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C ;III. 1. “So with language; …firmly and exactly.”2. Getting the word that is completely right for the writer’s purpose.3. Yes, I do. It sounds irrational that a person does not know what he himself thinks before he sees what he says. But as a matter of fact, it is quite true that unless we have found the exact words to verbalize our own thoughts we can never be very sure of what our thoughts are; without words, our thoughts cannot be defined or stated in a clear and precise manner.4. “Malapropism” means the unintentional misuse of a word by confusing it with one that resembles it, such as human for humane, singularity for singleness. But the misuse of “imprison” is a different case. It is wronglychosen because the user has failed to recognize its connotation.5. human=of, characterizing, or relating to manhumane=characterized by kindness, mercy, sympathyThus: human action=action taken by man; humane action=merciful action; human killer=person that kills humans ; humane killer=that which kills but causes little pain6. sensitive, alert7. Those are words denoting notions which are existent only in specific culture, not universally shared by all cultures. English words difficult to be turned into Chinese: privacy, party, lobby (v.), etc. Chinese words difficult to be turned into English: 吹风会，粽子，五保户，etc.8. “We don’t have to look far afield to find evidence of bad carpentry.”“It is perhaps easier to be a good craftsman with wood and nails than a good craftsman with word s.”“A good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the ‘mot juste’, the word that will hit t he nail cleanly on the head.”Language Work:I. 1. shuffled/trudged 2. trudging 3. stroll 4. staggered 5. staggered 6. striding 7. strolled 8. strutted 9. sauntered/strolled 10. ramble/roam 11.loitered 12. meandering 13. roam 14. crept 15. prowled 16. toddle 17. roam 18. creeping 19. prowling 20. march 21. pace 22. patrolling 23. stalking 24. tread 25. tramped 26. stepped 27. plodded 28. A. prowled/strutted B. strolled/sauntered C. walked/crept D. marched/struttedII.1.SAY: speak, tell, declare, pronounce, express, state, argue, affirm, mention, allege, recite, repeat, rehearse2. SEE: behold, look at, glimpse, glance at, view, survey, contemplate, perceive, notice, observe, discern, distinguish, remark, comprehend, understand, know3. BEVERAGE: liquor, wine, beer, tea, coffee, milk drink, soft drink4. EXCITEMENT: agitation, perturbation, commotion, disturbance, tension, bustle, stir, flutter, sensation5. DELIGHT: joy, gladness, satisfaction, charm, rapture, ecstasy, pleasure, gratification6. SKILFUL: apt, ingenious, handy, ready, quick, smart, expert, capable, able, gifted, talented, dexterous, cleverIII. 1. clumsy----unskillful 2. deft----skillful 3. loose----vague 4. subtle----tricky 5. precise----accurate 6. shift----alteration 7. vague----ambiguous8. scrupulous----conscientious 9. ignorance----want of knowledge 10. disadvantages----drawbacks 11. cultivation----developing 12.mistaken----erroneous 13. unimportant----trivial 14. dark----dim 15. flexible----adaptable 16. fine----subtle 17. sentimental----emotional 18. essence----quintessence 19. coercion----compulsion 20. fascinating----absorbingIV. 1. craftsman 2. book/publication 3. artist 4. smile 5. contribution 6. law-breaker 7. eat 8. sleep 9. make 10. old 11. hit 12. get offV. 1. less 2. because/since/as 3. not 4. that 5. resistance 6. runners 7. solve 8. greater/more 9. that 10. without 11. achievement/feat 12. in 13. do 14. physical 15. those 16. few 17. cannot 18. the 19. with 20. not。

新编英语教程5练习册答案（1-15单元）第一篇：新编英语教程5练习册答案(1-15单元)U2.1 The result is, the Mediterranean, the cradle of many ancient civilizations, is seriously polluted.It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out half a mile from the shore, most cities do not bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline.There is an even bigger hazard hidden in the seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday-makers.Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents.U81.People send much of their lifetime trying hard to keep things in good shape.They think a product, after leaving its factory, should last at least for a reasonably long period before ceasing to work.2 Quality-control instruments and testing devices are also governed by Murphy’s Law, so they are not reliable.3Look at the artifacts of the pre-industrial era exhibited in museum and you will see that technology is not the factor that decides the quality of these items.4If a handsome basket or boat is made by an inexperienced or irresponsible worker, it may break down as easily as machine-made baskets or boats.5My opinion is that it is the social relationship between producer and consumer rather than the technological relationship between producer and product that makes “hand-made” items so highly regarded.U101The reason why Barbie appeals so much to little girls is that she looks just like a real person in real life whocan be dressed up in the way they wish.2.Moreover, Mattel made public that, for the first time, all girls desirous of buying a Barbie from its company were to be given the right of turning in their old dolls in exchange foe new models at reduced price.But more and more, man-made products form a very important part in the lives of people.4T echnologically produced things come to be accepted by people and are beginning to shape their mentality.5There has been a tremendous increase in machine-produced things in terms of their actual amount as well as their physical size in proportion to our natural environment.U12 1A person’s life is , above all else , shaped by conformity to the customs passed down in his society.We cannot understand the complexities of human life unless we know the role of custom in all itsmanifestations.3If we conduct any systematic inquiry, it is essential for us to be unbiased / we need to be unbiased towards every component part of the subject under examination.4While people were convinced that differences between themselves on the one hand and aboriginal and backward people on the other hand were irreconcilable.the scientific study of the human race as such was not possible.U151.One hundred years after the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation, black people in the U.S.still remain on the edges of society and are treated as outcasts in their homeland.1.When the founders of the U.S.drew up the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were making a promise to the American people that each and every one of them would be ensured freedom anf justice / equality and liberty.2.3.We have come to this sacred place to call our government’s attention to the compelling necessity of immediate action.You have long experienced untold miseries andanguish.Go on fighting for your rights with the conviction that the miseries and anguish brought upon you unjustly will give birth to a better life.第二篇：新编英语教程5(第三版)汉译英练习册答案1.His peculiar behavior runs counter to the popular concept of good conduct.2.What is certain is that few people in history have created a greater impact than Newton on the development of both science and mathematics.3.You are not supposed to deride children for their failures;you should encourage them to try again.4.On her graduation day, Judy was treated to a sumptuous dinner by her uncle and aunt.5.With respect to his past record in the firm, no one has anything to complain about.6.Their freedom is inextricably bound to ours, so we cannot act alone.7.My aged great-aunt is not used to the disposable goods which flood the market today.8.His name was immediately eliminated from the list of candidates after he was caught cheating in the exam1.His attempt at insinuating that John was the culprit turned out to be futile.2.He is very clever at improvising excuses each time he fail to do what is expected of him.3.His trip to Tibet will gratify his desire to see the Potala Palace4.This corporation commands distinguished human resources, rich enough to meet challenges from other big corporations.5.I don't think that could be an acceptable alternative for both of us.Can't we come up with a better one for this problem?6.It is harmful to indulge in daydreaming and caprice7.Try not to lay your hands on anything that you are not entitled to8.He did not come to the competition.It may well be that he had forgotten all about it1.The result of the game depends not just on the skills ofindividual player but also by the timing of all the players of team2.The next question I want to ask is how we can sustain a constant self-identity?3.He felt ashamed of himself for the foolish things he had done when his infatuation was over.4.Skin doctors warn people to be careful with direct sun exposure because of the risk of skin cancer.5.Her head was seriously injured, but she eventually managed to climb out of the window.6.How can we make our exhibit booth stand out from the others?7.He tried to pass for a gentleman, but everyone knows he is a parvenu.8.He emphasizes that both politicians and commentators in the media need to be calm in their rhetoric1.Conventions differs from tradition in that the former is a recognized code of conduct of the society, while the latter indicates the customary ways of thinking and behaving which are passed down from the past to the present.2.The doctrines of Confucius and Mencius held sway over the society of China in a long period.3.His illegible handwriting is unintelligible to anyone but himself.4.We have to take action based on the premise that the worst situation can happen.5.Before children learn how to speak and understand the oral language, they master the ability to differentiate things by comparing the difference of the visual appearance.6.A predominant feature of botanic garden is its extensive area.7.Do you believe that human beings evolved from the simian?8.Teachers are incumbent not only to pass impart knowledge but also to teach students the moral rule.1.Don't expect to be remunerated for doing every small thing.In the long run, all the efforts that you have made will be rewarded.2.Afforestation plays an important role in beautifying the environment, replenishing nature and developing the national economy.3.That day was Arbor Day.All the volunteerspitched in the work and planted thousands of willows.4.Unlike his mild sister, he is hot tempered and fulminates at others easily.5.In the fight against anti-corruption, it is effective to diminish corruption than to eliminate it.6.Before you take part in a debate, you must ascertain that all your arguments are correct and well-grounded.7.They should learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, enlighten inspiration and think critically.8.His constant urge disinclines me towards going to the party of next weekend.1.A contract once signed by two parties must be hnoured no matter what happen.2.A strong storm engulfed the small villages along the coast.3.But, out of the prosperous cities , millions of people still languish in poverty.4.The creed that we should serve the people whole-heartedly is still abided by most of people.5.Mismanagement and inefficient work style crippled this company.6.In fact, there is no whip in there hand I, but their nagging and sense of urgency make people feel that they are waving their whips.7.The successful performance of orchestra was evidenced by warm appliance from audiences.8.Biochemists are on the threshold of a better understanding of genetics.可出2 你试3 在她4 我品7 每脱10他尝了11这战12我题13总的14 从耻19皮险20我呢22习式25孔会26我动28早力29植广30你吗31 植用34那树35在效37在据38一守41一村42我循44管了45事子46观功47生解48b比机17不人36不报33 d对满5对想25但熬43 j接呢18教范32 t他范1他动6他去8他的9他忘了16她口21他户23他静24他懂27 他法39他会了40第三篇：练习册翻译答案新编英语教程5 第三版Unit One1.在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。