《计算机专业英语》PPT

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专业英语的时态特点
❖ 就时态而言，因为专业科技文献所涉及的内容 （如科学定义、定理、方程式或公式、图表等） 一般并没有特定的时间关系，所以在专业文献 中大部分都使用一般现在时。
❖ 至于一般过去时、一般完成时也在专业英语中 经常出现，如科技报告、科技新闻、科技史料 等。
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准确性
专业英语的准确性主要表现在用词上。然 而在语法结构上也有其特点。例如，为了 准确精细地描述事物过程，所用句子都较 长有些甚至一段就是一个句子。长句反映 了客观事物中复杂的关系，它与前述精练 的要求并不矛盾，句子长结构仍是精练的， 只是包含的信息量大，准确性较高。
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计算机专业英语的特点
❖常用It … 句型结构 ❖ 单个动词比动词词组用得频繁 ❖ 常使用动词或名词演化成的形容词 ❖ 希腊词根和拉丁词根比例大 ❖ 专业术语多 ❖ 半技术词汇多 ❖ 用虚拟语气表达假设或建议 ❖ 缩略语使用频繁
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专业英语的语法特点
❖客观（objectivity） ❖精练（conciseness） ❖准确（accuracy）
专业英语中的长句
❖ 面对长句，要进行语法分析。
❖ 语法分析主要从两点入手，第一是找出谓语，然后找 主语。一般英语句子不像汉语那样经常省略主语，而 是由主语和谓语一起构成句子的核心。
❖ 第二是找出连接词。英语和汉语的另一个不同是汉语 句子的分句之间常常没有连接词，而英语句子和分句 之间一般都有连接词连接。
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玛丽：哦，在安装声卡之前，您需要查看一下它的相关信息。声卡的用户手册应该会 有重要的信息。
Michael: I have checked the information. It is no problem to install it on the Windows 10.
迈克尔：我已经查看了相关信息。在Windows 10中安装没有问题。
Unit 2
Lesson 14
迈克尔正向技术支持部门的玛丽询问如何安装声卡。
Mary: Hello, Technical Support Department, what can I do for you?
玛丽：您好，技术支持中心，我能为您做些什么？
Michael: Hello, I want to replace the sound card with a new one. But I do not know how to operate in Windows 10 after I plug the card.
2. _O_p_e_r_a_ti_n_g__s_y_st_e_m__k_e_e_p__s_t_ra_c_k__o_f_f_il_e_s_a_n_d__d_i_re_c_to_r_ie_s on the disk.
3. _O_p_e_r_a_ti_n_g__s_y_st_e_m__c_o_n_tr_o_ls_p_e_r_ip_h_e_ra_l_d_e_v_ic_e_s_s_uc_h__as__di_s_k drives and printers.
Unit 2 Software
Lesson 1 Operating Systems Lesson 2 Office Software Lesson 3 Multimedia and Multimedia Software Lesson 4 Using Email Client Software

计算机专业英语
Unit Three Computer Software
Unit Three Computer Software
• 本单元主要介绍计算机相关软件知识，软 件主要包含系统软件和应用软件两大类， 本单元着重介绍了常用的操作系统如 windows,Linux，及他们之间的比较，并 介绍了最新windows7的有关知识。
Unit Three Computer Software
• Passage One System Software • Passage Two Application Software • Passage Three Comparisons of Various Operating
System • Passage Four Windows 7 Operating System:
• Windows：Windows gets its name because of its ability to run multiple applications at the same time, each in its own window. Windows offers graphical user interface (GUI), presents the user with graphic images of computer functions and data. It provides a standard mechanism for copying or moving information from one program to another. This mechanism, called the clipboard, means that information created in one context is instantly reusable in another, you don't need to reenter information or work with clumsy datatransfer utilities. Windows：之所以称为窗口是因为它具有能同时运行多个

高职高专“十三五”规划教材计算机类
计算机专业英语
Computer English
主编：王莹 王月 戴赟
副主编：
西安电子科技大学出版社
目
Unit 1 Computer Hardware
录
Unit 2 Computer Software
CONTENTS
Unit 3 Computer Network
Unit 4 Multimedia
3. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best responses to what you hear. 5. A. Maybe.
B. The same to you.
C. Where are you going?
6.
D. OK. I’ll visit my parents. A. Sorry, I’m a stranger here.
and
7 of the world, or for no apparent reason at all. Don’t be too 8 when your baby cries and you aren’t able to console him or her 9 :
crying is one way babies shout out stimuli when they're 10 .
3. L1i.stAe.n It’o mthfelydiinaglobgaucekatnodmocrhrooows.e the best responses to what you hear.
B. See you next time.
C. It’s my pleasure.

影响
计算机专业英语 》》
计计算算机专机业专英语业》英》语 》》
▪ Several computer generations occur in the history. The first digital computer ENIAC was invented in 1946. It marked the beginning of the first computer phase－mainframe phase. In fact, mainframes have had four generations of products, which are characterized by vacuum tubes, transistors, small and medium scale IC and super LSI circuits respectively.
计算机专业英语 》》
▪ occur
vi.发生，出现
▪ mark
n.标志；v.做标记
▪ phase/stage 阶段
▪ vacuum tubes 真空管
▪ transistor
晶体管
▪ small and medium scale IC 中小规模集成电路
▪ super LSI circuits 超大规模集成电路
Computer
算盘
计计算算机专机业专英语业》英》语 》》
▪ A computer is a fast and efficient digital information processing system. It can accept, store, and process data and produce output results. It’s one of the greatest inventions in science and technology in the 20th century. It has had a long and deep social impact on human life and production.

介绍编程语言的种类和分类，如面向过程、面向对象、函数式、脚本等。
2 常见的编程语言介绍
介绍常见的编程语言，如C、Java、Python等的特点和应用场景。
3 编程语言的发展趋势
介绍编程语言的发展趋势，如人工智能、云计算、大数据等领域的编程语言需求。
软件工程
软件工程的定义和目标
介绍软件工程的定义、目标和 方法，如需求分析、设计、编 码、测试、维护等阶段。
操作系统的层级结构
介绍操作系统的层级结构，如内核、文件系统、进程管理等，并阐述它们之间的关系。
计算机网络
计算机网络的概念和分 类
介绍计算机网络的概念、分 类、组成和作用。
计算机网络的拓扑结构
介绍计算机网络的拓扑结构， 如星型、环型、总线型等， 并分析它们的优缺点。
网络协议和标准
介绍网络协议和标准，如 TCP/IP、HTTP、FTP等， 并重点讲解他们的实现机制 和应用场景。
分析未来计算机专业面临的挑战和机遇，展望 未来计算机技术的发展趋势。
介绍内存、硬盘等存储器的种类 和使用方法。
输入设备和输出设备的分类
介绍键盘、鼠标、打印机等输入 输出设备的分类、特点，以及各 种接口。
操作系统
操作系统的概念和作用
介绍操作系统的定义、作用以及各种操作系统的特点与应用场景。
常见的操作系统介绍
介绍常见的操作系统，如Windows、Linux、iOS等的特点与应用场景。
软件开发的过程和方法
介绍软件开发的过程，如瀑布 模型、敏捷开发、DevOps等， 并重点讲解它们的优缺点和应 用场景。
软件测试和维护
介绍软件测试和维护的方法和 工具，如黑盒测试、白盒测试、 自动化测试、代码重构等信息安全的定义、作用和意义，以及信息安全的保障措施与体系。

• Gates did not have a definite study plan while a student at Harvard and spent a lot of time using the school's computers.
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• Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000.
• He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect.
• In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
four basic units of simplified computer: the input unit, central processing unit (CPU), memory unit, and output unit.
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1.2 Computer Development
1.2.1 Text A • The hardware of a digital computer system

Acer E360 Socket 939 motherboard by Foxconn .svg
System Clock
Within the computer, events happen at a pace controlled by a tiny electronic “drummer”, called the system clock. The component is an electronic circuit that generated pulses at a rapid rate, measured in millions of cycles per second (MHz). Note that the system clock doesn’t have anything to do with keeping the time and date; the system clock synchronizes the computer’s internal activities. Synchronize : 同步
Control Unit
The control unit coordinates and controls all the other parts of the computer system. Under the direction of a program, the control unit manages four basic operations:
Power supply
A computer’s power supply can transform the alternating current (AC) available from standard wall outlets into the direct current (DC) needed for the computers operation. It also steps the voltage down to the low voltage required by the motherboard.

1.2 Section B: The Internet of Things
• Words
• bidding[ˈbidiŋ] n. 吩咐，投标 • brew[bruː] v. 煮(咖啡)，酿制(啤酒)，沏(茶) • gadget[ˈgædʒit] n. 小装置，小器具 • downtime[ˈdauntaim] n. 停止运行时间 • crumble[ˈkrʌmbl] v. 坍塌，损坏 • impending[imˈpendiŋ] adj. 即将发生的，迫在眉
1. Public cloud is a cloud environment in which all cloud infrastructure and computing resources are dedicated to, and accessible by, one customer only. 2. The private cloud provider owns, manages, and assumes all responsibility for the data centers, hardware, and infrastructure 3. Multicloud is the use of two or more public clouds together with a private cloud environment. 4. Hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private cloud environments. 5. SaaS is application software that's hosted in the cloud and that you access and use via a Web browser, a dedicated desktop client, or an API that integrates with your desktop or mobile operating system.

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1.1 The Invention of the Computer
1.1.1 The ENIAC Perhaps the most influential of the early computerlike devices was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, or ENIAC. It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania. The project began in 1943 and was completed in 1946. The machine was huge; it weighed 30 tons and contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes. 也许早期最具影响力的类似计算机的装置应该是电子数字积分计算机， 或简称ENIAC。它是由宾夕凡尼亚大学的J. Presper Eckert 和John Mauchly 研制的。该工程于1943年开始，并于1946年完成。这台机 器极其庞大，重达30吨，而且包含18,000多个真空管。
❖ This book is very important to us
3
Key points: useful terms and definitions
of computers Difficult points:
describing the features of computers of each generation
known as 通常所说的，以……著称
Abbreviations:
ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) 电子数字积分计算机，ENIAC计算机 EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) 延迟存储电子自动计算机 BINAC (Binary Automatic Computer) 二进制自动计算机 UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自动计算机

Key Words & Terms
access arithmetic logic unit base on binary system chip control unit execute extract load microprocessor peripheral register word workstation
• On large maprinted circuit blocks. On personal computers（PC）and small workstations， the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor.［4］
back
• A CPU has three typical components， that is Arithmetic and Logic Unit（ALU），Control Unit（CU）and Registers. The ALU is made up of devices called gates that receive one or more inputs and， based upon what function they are designed to perform， output a result.［3］ It performs simple arithmetic and logical operations， such as NOT， Left Shift， Right Shift， Add， Subtract， AND， and OR. CU extracts instructions from memory， decodes and executes them， calling on the ALU when necessary. Registers are temporary memory units that store words. The registers are located in the processor， instead of in RAM， so data can be accessed and stored faster.

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Key Words
methodology multiplication negation negative-logic represent ripple significance spike
方法学，方法论 倍增，乘法运算 否定，拒绝 负逻辑 表示，代表
脉动，波动 重要性，意义 尖峰信号
• 译文：组合电路通过传输二进制信息，使 得给定的输入数据产生了所需要的输出数 据。
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Notes
[2] A combinational circuit can also be specified with m Boolean functions, one for each output variable.
• 第3单元是多媒体知识，内容有计算机图形学、多媒体技 术、计算机动画、多媒体软件、虚拟现实和CAD。
• 第4单元是计算机网络相关知识，包括计算机网络、无线 网、互联网应用、搜索引擎、计算机安全、远程教育、电 子商务和电子市场。
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Unit 1 Hardware Knowledge
• 说明：本句的“If the more positive voltage…”是条件状语。“the system is said to…”用被动语态表示客观叙述。
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1.1 Hardware Basics
1.1.1 Text A
• A combinational circuit is a connected arrangement of logic gates with a set of inputs and outputs.

Give a question, search the best answer Give an order, search the suitable procedure
First,huge database
The huge knowledge to store Hard to be time relative
Artificial Intelligence
What is it?
Frist,insight the nature of human intelligence
second,bring the theory of the human intelligence into machine
Japan is the most famous country in producing intelligent machine.
It is stupid ,don't you think so?
That 's why more and more researchers pay their anteention in Machine Learning.
Finanly ,The machine is lack of emotion.if you say give me a cut to machine, he don not konw give you some money or a real cut.
because it cost time to find the best chioce.It cause the problem of time relative.
Secondly, the machine have been made is lack of innovation.

Later machines came with libraries of software, which would be linked to a user's program to assist in operations such as input and output and generating computer code from human-readable
symbolic code.
后来，机器附带的软件，将是链接到用
户的方案，以协助在产生的操作，如输 入和输出，从人类可读的符号代码生成 计算机代码操作。
This was the genesis of the modern-day operating system. However, machines still
the most widely used version of the Windows family is Windows XP, released
on October 25, 2001.
servers.
几乎在所有的计算机设备上都能找到操作系统， 其中包含从手机和视频游戏机到超级计算机和 Web服务器
In the early 1950s, a computer could execute only one program at a time.
在50年代初，计算机一次只能执行一 个程序。
Each user had sole use of the computer and would arrive at a scheduled time with program and data on punched paper cards and tape.
每个用户有单独使用的电脑，并会到达 一个预定程序和数据在穿孔纸卡片和磁 带。

机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Instruction to Computers
Section 1 Situational Dialogue
Computer Festival 1、你们学校有计算机协会吗？如果有，会开展哪些和计 、你们学校有计算机协会吗？如果有， 算机相关的社团活动？ 算机相关的社团活动？ 2、如果由你是计算机协会会长，负责组织一次大学生电 、如果由你是计算机协会会长， 脑节，你将如何规划？ 脑节，你将如何规划？
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Instruction to Computers
Section 2 Passage A：Evolution of Computers ：
1、什么是计算机？ 、什么是计算机？ 2、计算机的发展史是怎样的？ 、计算机的发展史是怎样的？ 3、计算机是如何分类的？ 、计算机是如何分类的？
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A
• Categories of Computers
Micro Computer Also called personal computers, computers that can perform all of its input, process, output, and storage activities by itself.
机专业 计 机专业 语
Unit 1 Section 2 Passage A
• processing speed • workstation • supercomputer • mainframe • CPU • micro computer • analytical engine • vacuum tube • ENIAC • IBM • machine language

玛丽：我的意思是要使计算机正常工作，它不仅需要计算机硬件系统，而且也需 要计算机软件系统。
Mike: Oh, I see.
迈克：哦，我明白了。
Mary: Did you never know it?
玛丽：你从来不知道吗？
Mike: You know I’m a computer outsider.
迈克：你知道我是个计算机菜鸟。
Look and Learn Dialogue Reading Learn More New Words and Phrases
Unit 1
Lesson 14
A. Complete the diagram with items from the paragraph. Ask three classmates whether they can mention something else.
1. input device 2. convert into 3. output device 4. translate into
a. 输出设备 b. 输入设备 c. 翻译成，转化为 d. 把……转变为
Look and Learn Dialogue Reading Learn More New Words and Phrases
__麦__克__风__可__以__用__来__刻__录__声__音__。_______
Joysticks are designed for use with game programs.
_操__纵__杆__是__为__玩__游__戏__而__设__计__的__。______
Most scanners can handle pictures as well as text.