下载文档原格式
办公自动化的办公自动化系统随着科技的快速发展，传统的办公方式正在不断地被更新和改进。
以前需要手工完成的工作，现在可以通过办公自动化系统快速高效地完成。
办公自动化是一种集信息技术、工程技术和管理科学于一体的综合性技术。
它使用先进的硬件设备和软件系统，通过信息化管理来提高办公效率，优化办公流程，减少管理成本。
本文将重点探讨办公自动化的办公自动化系统。
一、什么是办公自动化系统？办公自动化系统是指将信息技术引入企业管理，采用计算机、网络、无线通讯等高科技手段，使办公文档管理、公共资源共享、信件传递、文件审批等都实现自动化的一种软硬件复合体系。
办公自动化系统的软件包括文档管理、协同工作、数据处理等系统，而硬件包括计算机、打印机、扫描仪等，它们组成了一个完整的办公自动化系统。
二、办公自动化系统的作用1.高效流程管理：办公自动化系统可以帮助企业建立起高效的流程管理系统，将繁琐的业务流程自动化，逐步实现信息化和数字化管理。
2.减少管理成本：办公自动化系统可以节省管理成本，提高工作效率。
例如，在文件发放和签字流程中，可以通过系统自动完成，从而减少了人力和物力成本。
3.公共资源共享：办公自动化系统可以实现公共资源共享，将企业内部各种资料和信息进行集中管理，提高信息的共享度和工作效率。
4.提高工作效率：办公自动化系统可以优化办公流程，节省杂务时间，提高工作效率。
例如，在人力资源管理中，通过在线阅读、评估和管理，HR 部门不必再手工管理各种员工档案，从而提高工作效率。
三、办公自动化系统的使用方法使用办公自动化系统需要经过培训和学习。
在公司内部，可以通过各种方式开展培训活动，如集中培训、在线教育等，将系统的使用方法介绍给全体员工，让他们理解其重要性和使用方法。
办公自动化系统的使用，需要依据具体的业务流程进行操作。
在一些文件管理的过程中，通过文档的自动传递、审批和归档，可以让用户在任何时候任何地方都能轻松查阅文件，减少了文件丢失和文件流失的风险。
办公自动化系统名词解析
办公自动化系统（OA），即 Office Automation，是一种电子化的办公系统，
可支持组织的文档、文件、信息管理，同时具备协同办公、流程管理、知识管理等功能。
它是一套完整的计算机信息处理系统，集成计算机技术、计算机网络技术和管理科学等多种技术，以提高组织的行政管理效能、改善协作办公效率、降低合作风险为目的。
OA的设计和开发的目的是建立一个集中的办公信息处理能力中心，努力集成
计算机技术、计算机网络及多种技术，使企业之间的时间营业流程更加有效的运作。
OA的设计有助于提升企业的管理水平，进一步实现企业的优势竞争，给企业带来
更多的商机和可能。
OA系统分为三部分：
1. 系统应用：如文档管理系统、日历管理系统、电子邮件系统、网络共享系
统等
2. 核心行政服务：如审批系统、通讯录系统、资源库系统等
3. 数据管理系统：数据库和数据管理中心等
OA系统可以帮助企业进行信息共享和协同办公，提高工作效率，使企业的信
息管理更加简单、有效，减少不必要的投入，有效提高企业的经营水平，实现企业的核心竞争力。
办公自动化的名词解释随着科技的发展，办公环境逐渐向数字化和自动化转变。
办公自动化是指利用计算机技术和软件工具来提高办公效率和便捷性的一种方式。
它可以通过自动处理和自动生成文件、电子邮件、表格等来减少办公人员的工作量，提高办公效率，并且降低了人为错误的发生率。
一、电子文档管理系统办公自动化的核心之一是电子文档管理系统（Electronic Document Management System，简称EDMS）。
它是一种用于组织、存储和检索电子文件的软件系统。
通过EDMS，办公人员可以方便地创建、编辑、共享和传输文档。
不仅如此，EDMS还可以自动对文档进行版本控制，确保所有人都在同一个文档上进行工作，避免版本混淆和冲突。
二、电子邮件和日历管理电子邮件作为办公自动化的重要组成部分，大大提升了办公人员之间的沟通效率。
工作人员可以通过电子邮件快速地发送消息、共享文件，并进行实时的沟通。
此外，办公自动化还将电子邮件与日历管理系统整合在一起，使得工作人员可以更好地组织和安排工作日程。
他们可以轻松地创建会议邀请、排程活动，并自动将通知发送给参与人员。
三、办公自动化软件办公自动化软件是办公自动化的重要工具。
比如，办公套件软件（Office Suite Software）包括了文字处理、电子表格、演示文稿等功能。
这样的软件可以大大提高文件的处理和编辑效率。
另外，流程管理软件（Workflow Management Software）也是办公自动化的重要一环。
它可以通过预定和管理工作流程，实现任务的自动分配和协同处理。
四、自动化任务处理办公自动化的重要目标之一是减少重复性和枯燥的任务。
一些任务可以通过自动化处理来提高效率。
比如，自动化的数据录入和整理可以大大减少人为错误和时间成本。
此外，通过自动化的流程，人们可以更加专注于高价值、创造性的工作，提升工作质量和满意度。
五、移动办公自动化随着移动设备的普及和互联网的快速发展，移动办公自动化逐渐成为现代办公环境中的重要趋势。
办公自动化系统设计与实现Design and Implementation of Office Automation System摘要随着互联网技术的推广，基于Web的系统得到了广泛地应用。
.NET框架为Web应用系统提供全新的开发平台，已成为开发Internet应用程序的一大主流技术，基于该平台开发的应用系统具有执行效率高、扩展性强等优点。
本文详细讲述了办公自动化系统的设计，针对小型企业办公自动化系统进行需求分析，给出了系统实现以后的功能，总的来说是为小型企业提供一套高效的办公解决方案，构建现代化的信息平台。
并给出了系统的体系结构设计方案，即：采用Browser/Server(浏览器/服务器)结构，最终用户界面统一为浏览器，应用系统部署在服务器端，是三层结构体系。
系统实现了公文管理、会议管理、车辆管理、部门管理、考勤管理、系统管理等功能。
系统的应用为小型企业节省了办公费用，加强了员工间的协作，提高了办公效率。
本文给出了系统的框架结构和数据库结构，采用.NET框架技术，使用了Visual Studio2005作为开发工具，SQL Server2000作为数据库，充分运用数据库的存储过程技术，提高系统的数据访问效率，并对每个模块功能进行详细分析的基础上，介绍了相应的技术细节。
在文章的最后，本文对系统进行了总结，分析现有系统的不足之处，提出进一步完善的建议和后续研究的方向。
关键词：办公自动化，，B/S结构ABSTRACTWith the promotion of Internet technology, Web-based system has been widely used. The .NET Framework provides a new development platform for Web applications, which becomes major application of primary technology for internet application. The application built on Framework can provide many advantages such as high efficiency, high scalability etc.In this thesis, a detailed plan of the office automation system design for small businesses office automation system. The system is to achieve after the function is generally for small businesses to provide a highly efficient office solutions, build a modern information Platform. And gives the system architecture design, named B/S(Browser/Server) structure, the end-user interface for the reunification of the browser, application systems deployed in the server side, is the three-tier structure.The system include Document Management System, Meeting management, Vehicle management, Departmental management, Time and attendance management, Systems management etc. The application of office automation system for small business office cost savings, enhance collaboration among the staff, improve office efficiency.In this paper, the structure of the system and database structure are described, . NET Framework used as a development platform, Visual Studio2005 used as a development tool, SQL2000 as a database, make full use of database storage process technology, improve the efficiency of data access, and each module Function on the basis of a detailed analysis on the corresponding technical details.In the last section, this paper has concluded that analysis of the existing system deficiencies, further improving the recommendations and follow-up research.Key words：Office Automation, , B/S Structure目录中文摘要 (Ⅰ)ABSTRACT (Ⅱ)1 绪论 (1)1.1办公自动化简述 (1)1.2 研究的目的及意义 (1)1.3办公自动化系统的开发技术 (2)1.4论文的组织结构 (3)2 相关技术简介 (4)2． (4)2．2B/S模式 (5)2. 2. 1B/S模式的工作原理 (5)2. 2. 2 B/S模式的特点 (5)2．3 SQL Server 2000 (6)2．4 C#程序设计语言 (6)2．5 (7)2．6 存储过程 (8)3 系统分析 (9)3．1系统设计原则 (9)3．2用户的需求分析 (9)3．3系统的技术架构 (10)3．4系统的运行环境 (10)3．4．1设备及分布 (10)3．4．2支撑软件 (11)3．4．3系统运行方式 (11)4 系统详细设计 (12)4．1总体设计 (12)4．2主要功能模块的设计 (12)4. 2. 1 发文管理 (12)4. 2. 2 收文管理 (13)4. 2. 3 会议管理 (14)4. 2. 4 车辆管理 (15)4．3数据库设计 (15)4．4数据字典 (16)5 关键技术实现 (18)5.1自定义类代码示例 (18)5.2业务代码示例 (19)5.3自定义样式表示例 (21)5.4存储过程示例 (22)5.5运行界面演示 (22)6 系统运行评价及优化 (24)6．1运行评价 (24)6．2系统的不足及优化方案 (24)7 总结与展望 (25)参考文献 (26)1 绪论1.1办公自动化简述随着计算机的普及，人类广泛地利用计算机来提高个人工作效率，但是在需要许多人一起协同工作的现代工作环境中，更需要提高整体工作效率。
办公自动化系统名词解释
办公自动化系统（Office Automation System，简称OAS）是在进行单位内部或多个单位的消息交换、文件共享等工作时，将一切工作都集中在一个统一的网络框架内进行数据存储、传输处理和管理，以减少人力和金钱投入，提高效率，改善管理能力，减少工作量的专业系统。
办公自动化系统通常包括3个基本组成部分：计算机网络，多媒体，及各种应用软件。
计算机网络使办公室中各种电子设备可以与服务器连接，以实现信息交换及资料共享；多媒
体包括宣传资料、技术资料等，为办公室人员提供更多的便利；应用软件是办公自动化系统的基础，比如多媒体创作软件、数据库管理软件等，为企业构建新型管理模式提供技术保障。
办公自动化系统应用范围广泛，可支持从办公室的自动化到电子通信的电子收发，通过管理系统实现信息发布、报表生成和信息查询，以及多用户在线操作。
它能有效提高机构的财务管理水平，让管理人员以更高的质量和更低的成本，更快地完成任务，更有效率地收集、传送及管理数据。
办公自动化系统是企业提升工作效率和建立企业知识管理系统的重要途径。
OAS能快速反映经理的指令，解决经理手中一件握拙、不可兼顾的繁重工作，更大程度的激活外部资源，减少内部的缝缝补补，可大大改善企业的信息处理能力，节省企业的人力、物力和成本，
提高单位的综合管理水平，使企业的优势得到充分的发挥和使用。
办公自动化原理及应用参考文献随着科技的不断发展，办公自动化已经成为现代办公环境中的一种重要方式。
办公自动化通过应用计算机科学和信息技术，以提高办公效率、减少人力资源的浪费和提高工作质量为目的，实现办公流程的自动化和信息化。
办公自动化的原理主要基于计算机技术和信息技术的应用。
首先，办公自动化需要建立一个信息系统，将各种办公数据进行集中管理。
这个信息系统可以包括数据库、文件系统、网络等，通过这个信息系统，各种办公数据可以被存储、处理和传输。
其次，办公自动化需要应用各种软件工具和技术，例如办公软件、电子邮件和即时通讯工具等，来实现办公流程的自动化和信息化。
最后，办公自动化还需要利用各种硬件设备，如计算机、打印机、扫描仪等，来支持办公自动化的实施。
办公自动化的应用范围非常广泛。
首先，办公自动化可以应用在日常办公工作中，例如处理文件、编写文档、制作报告等。
通过办公自动化，这些工作可以更加高效和准确地完成。
其次，办公自动化可以应用在信息管理中，例如文件管理、知识管理和项目管理等。
通过办公自动化，可以实现对信息的集中管理、共享和查询。
此外，办公自动化还可以应用在协同办公中，例如团队合作、会议管理和日程安排等。
通过办公自动化，不同的人员可以在同一个平台上进行协同办公，提高工作效率和沟通效果。
办公自动化的应用已经得到了广泛的认可和应用。
许多企业和机构已经将办公自动化作为提高工作效率和竞争力的重要手段。
例如，微软的Office套件和谷歌的G Suite等办公软件已经成为许多企业和机构的标配。
此外，一些专门的办公自动化软件和系统，如金蝶办公系统和用友办公系统等，也得到了广泛的应用。
这些软件和系统提供了各种办公自动化的功能和工具，可以帮助企业和机构实现办公流程的自动化和信息化。
在研究办公自动化领域的文献中，有许多有价值的参考资料。
例如，《办公自动化系统的设计与实现》（黄光明）介绍了办公自动化系统的设计和实现方法，对办公自动化的原理和应用进行了深入的探讨。
Unit2计算机的硬件计算机是一种快速、精确的符号加工系统，它能接收、存储、处理数据并产生输出结果。
计算机可以在不需要人工干预的情况下自动处理数据，然而必须给它一组指令去引导它，使之逐步地通过一个个处理过程，这组指令称之为程序。
我们目前所使用的计算机，其硬件成分都是相似的，它们的硬件设备均包含输入设备，中央处理器和出设备。
小规模的系统叫做微型计算机或小型计算机。
随着规模的增加，形成了大型计算机，它比一般的小型计算机有更快的处理速度和更大的存储容量。
最后是超型计算机，它用于处理更复杂的科学问题，这种计算机规模最大、速度最快。
尽管计算机存储单元的存储能力不同，但是每一个计算机都以编码的形式存储数字、字母和其它的字符。
每一个存储的字符都被表示成0或1组成的串，0和1是二进制编码系统中仅有的数字。
BCD码和ASCII 码都是流行的计算机代码。
附注：BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal):二进制编码的十进制附注：ASCII（American National Standard Code for Information Interchange):美国国家信息交换标准代码中央处理单元CPU是中央处理单元的英文缩写。
它是计算机的心脏，好比一家之主一样。
计算机一旦通电运行，则所有的行为都要在它的控制之下运行。
CPU同其它设备如磁盘驱动器、内存和开关稳压电源等被装在一个铁箱子中。
在中文里，这个箱子被习惯地称为主机。
在主机箱的背后，有各种端口，用来沟通CPU 和其它输入输出设备的联系。
内存主存储器又称为随机存取存储器，简称内存。
它是计算机在处理过程中存储程序和数据的区域。
内存只是一个临时的存储区域，处理完成后内存就被清空了。
用户在使用应用程序需将数据和程序调入计算机内存。
不同的计算机具有不同的内存空间，内存空间是指内存的大小，从4兆、8兆到32兆不等。
目前有些微机的内存甚至可以扩充到上百兆。
计算机软件很多人认为软件就是目前微机上使用的所有令人惊奇的应用程序。
办公⾃动化系统论⽂办公⾃动化是将现代化办公和计算机技术结合起来的⼀种新型的办公⽅式。
办公⾃动化没有统⼀的定义，凡是在传统的办公室中采⽤各种新技术、新机器、新设备从事办公业务，都属于办公⾃动化的领域。
通过实现办公⾃动化，或者说实现数字化办公，可以优化现有的管理组织结构，调整管理体制，在提⾼效率的基础上，增加协同办公能⼒，强化决策的⼀致性。
办公⾃动化系统论⽂1 随着现代企业的飞速发展，其办公过程中离不开信息技术的应⽤。
由于信息技术的发展与⼴泛应⽤，OA ⾃动化办公系统受到⼴泛关注。
通过这⼀系统，不仅仅可以提⾼企业⼯作的有效率，同时，还能够为企业的发展、运⾏提供科学合理的⼯作依据，为企业的竞争⼒的提⾼打下坚实的基础，因此，现代企业应该重视OA ⾃动化办公系统的应⽤。
1 OA办公⾃动化系统概述 1.1 概念 OA 办公⾃动化系统是专门应⽤于企业办公管理的⾃动化系统。
这⼀办公系统不仅仅改变了传统的办公模式，还能够进⼀步提⾼其办公效率。
在这⼀系统的⽀持下，可以将企业各个部分的公⽂流转、审批以及发布等⼯作流程进⾏有效综合，不断提⾼企业办公的系统化、规范化。
由于其办理、⾼效的特点，⽆论在哪个⾏业中，都受到企业的追捧。
1.2 特征 作为⼀种新兴办公模式，OA 办公⾃动化系统具有其⾃⾝的特征，其主要内容如下： 1.2.1 实现实时通讯 这⼀系统利⽤信息技术进⾏事物的处理，能够实现实时通讯，为各个部门节约了⼤量的时间，并进⼀步紧密了公司⼈员的联系。
同时，这⼀办公系统为企业⼯作⼈员提⾼详细的资料。
1.2.2 ⾼效便捷 这⼀系统可以通过信息资源、⽹络资源的⾼校运⽤，快速将相应资源转达到所需⼈员⼿中，促进资源共享，有利于⼯作⼈员进⾏资源检索，为各个部门提供便利;三是系统能够促进管理⽔平的提⾼。
通过信息的快速传送、⽂件的⾼效利⽤，可以促进其管理⽔平的提⾼。
1.3 发展历程 OA 办公⾃动化系统是⼀个不断发展、更新的过程，根据其发展历史，可以分为以下四个阶段：⼀是纸张信息数字化阶段。
办公自动化系统办公自动化系统是一种集成为了各种办公功能的软件系统，旨在提高办公效率、降低办公成本，并改善办公流程。
该系统通过自动化处理、集成和管理办公任务，使得办公工作更加高效、便捷和可靠。
一、系统概述办公自动化系统是基于计算机技术和网络通信技术的一种综合办公解决方案。
它包括但不限于以下功能模块：文档管理、日程安排、会议管理、任务分配、电子邮件、通讯录、报表生成等。
系统通过集成各种办公工具和应用，实现了信息共享、协同办公和工作流程管理。
二、系统特点1. 文档管理：办公自动化系统提供了一个集中管理和存储文档的平台，用户可以通过系统上传、下载、编辑和共享文档。
系统还支持版本控制和权限管理，确保文档的安全性和一致性。
2. 日程安排：系统提供了一个日历功能，用户可以创建个人或者团队的日程安排，并设置提醒功能。
系统还支持会议室预定和资源调度，方便用户进行会议安排和资源管理。
3. 会议管理：系统提供了会议管理功能，用户可以创建会议、邀请参会人员、记录会议记要和跟进事项。
系统还支持会议通知、提醒和会议评价，提高会议的效率和质量。
4. 任务分配：系统支持任务分配和跟踪，用户可以创建任务、指派责任人、设置截止日期和优先级。
系统还提供任务进度监控和报表生成，匡助用户及时了解任务的执行情况。
5. 电子邮件：系统集成为了电子邮件功能，用户可以通过系统发送和接收邮件。
系统支持邮件分类、标记和搜索，方便用户管理和检索邮件。
6. 通讯录：系统提供了一个集中管理联系人信息的通讯录，用户可以添加、编辑和查询联系人。
系统还支持导入和导出联系人信息，方便用户与外部系统进行数据交互。
7. 报表生成：系统可以根据用户需求生成各种报表，如工作量统计、任务完成情况、会议记录等。
用户可以根据报表分析和评估工作情况，优化工作流程和资源分配。
三、系统优势1. 提高工作效率：办公自动化系统通过自动化处理和集成办公任务，减少了繁琐的手工操作和重复劳动，提高了工作效率。
Appendix 1Office Automation SystemOffice Automation is a general term that includes a wide range of applications of computer, communication and information technologies in office environments. Though automation is in a continual state of flux, the size of the market is huge, with annual investments measured in billions of dollars. Automation has altered not only our work environment, but our very concept of work.The technology we see today had its start in the 1960s, when 3 clearly identifiable streams of development became evident. The first was computing, where the earliest applications were automated payroll and inventory-control systems. Other applications were also limited to the processing of numerical data. These systems were usually operated only by programmers in the data-processing division of the organization, who jealously guarded their computers and the power their knowledge of the computer gave them. Nevertheless, the applications of computers in organizational settings grew to include more and more kinds of data processing.The second stream of technological development was in the area of text processing. In the mid-1970s IBM introduced a product called the MCST - Magnetic Card Selectric Typewriter. This device had a box crammed with electronic equipment. The operator would insert a specially coated card the size and shape of a standard IBM punch card into a slot on the top of the box and would type on the attached typewriter as usual. The card served as a memory device, on which the text would be written in a code based on magnetized spots. Once it was entered, the text could be edited and played back, causing a new copy to be typed out on the attached typewriter. Compared to current word-processing systems, this one was primitive, but it worked.While the first 2 streams were centered around the processing of information in the office, the third, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, focused on the movement of information from one place to another. A wide range of techniques toachieve this end were introduced, from telex and facsimile services to services using specially conditioned TELEPHONE lines and others using sophisticated satellite links between distant points. The industry today includes several types of coaxial cables, fibre optic lines, cellular telephones, and packet-switched radio and telephone links.The most dramatic shift for business in communications technology has been the Internet. Increasing use of the Internet in the form of e-mail and websites is transforming the work environment. The Internet has broken down traditional geographic barriers to communication, opened up markets, and created an environment of almost instantaneous feedback. As the government policy of convergence makes high-speed Internet the norm, businesses will rely more and more on the Internet for their communication needs.When the 3 technologies are incorporated into an office environment, many improvements become possible, but they are mostly improvements in the speed with which work is done rather than in the kind of work that is done. Office automation in the 1980s began a new trend - the integration of previously separate capabilities into single powerful "work stations." Even the most basic home office today contains, through the use of a single computer, the following capabilities: word-processing and home publishing abilities; access to information previously stored on files at other locations, together with the ability to communicate with other stations on the Net or on other nets; electronic messaging systems, including any combination of text, graphics and voice, connecting users to others on the same net or, through gateways, to people on different nets in other places; activity-management systems, including time management, project planning and scheduling, and electronic calendar capabilities. Information management systems range from straightforward storage and retrieval systems, where the user does much of the work of storing and retrieving, to sophisticated natural-language expert systems. These provide assistance for people who deal with large volumes of diverse types of rapidly changing information. Decision-support systems incorporate sophisticated programs on large databases that allow the user to perform complex analyses in a way that improves the speed and quality of decisions that are made.Today, we continue to see major developments in several areas. The power of the computers driving most technology continues to increase exponentially. Not onlycan computers process and hold more information, but they also process this information with greater efficiency and speed. More significantly, computers allow the individual to perform a multitude of tasks almost simultaneously. For example, on a single computer a worker can be connected to several websites at the same time, receive e-mail, and work on a number of different files. As well, the cost of the technology continues to diminish to such an extent that computer literacy in the workplace is now expected.The Impact of Office AutomationThe computer is changing the office environment much like the automobile has changed the city. Effectively integrated office automation systems may result in the restructuring of entire organizations, with the emergence of new structural configurations and the elimination of departments or entire divisions. The new information technologies have led to a large reduction in the size of the average organization's middle ranks. Moreover, the workers who remain are no longer tied to a centrally located office: telecommuting has become a new trend in the business world. On the positive side, this trend enables individuals to work from the comfort of home; on the negative side, this lack of a common office environment may contribute to the erosion of the city core. The new technologies may also have the potential to strengthen the power of trans-national corporations in many countries, contributing to the erosion of national autonomy and displacing many people whose jobs will be automated. In most organizations office automation has been viewed as a means to computerize old procedures and to make employees more productive, rather than to make the organization more effective.There is a rising level of fear of the new technologies and the impact they will have on job security and on the privacy of the individual. There is also concern that the ECONOMY will suffer greatly if national organizations do not develop and adapt to the new technologies. Whether or not national industry will learn to use information technologies to their advantage in the increasingly competitive world system remains to be seen. It is safe to say, however, that the technologies will have asignificant impact on the working lives of millions of national in the coming decades.Office Automation SystemsOffice automation systems (OAS) are configurations of networked computer hardware and software. A variety of office automation systems are now applied to business and communication functions that used to be performed manually or in multiple locations of a company, such as preparing written communications and strategic planning. In addition, functions that once required coordinating the expertise of outside specialists in typesetting, printing, or electronic recording can now be integrated into the everyday work of an organization, saving both time and money.Types of functions integrated by office automation systems include (1) electronic publishing; (2) electronic communication; (3) electronic collaboration; (4) image processing; and (5) office management. At the heart of these systems is often a local area network (LAN). The LAN allows users to transmit data, voice, mail, and images across the network to any destination, whether that destination is in the local office on the LAN, or in another country or continent, through a connecting network. An OAS makes office work more efficient and increases productivity.Electronic PublishingElectronic publishing systems include word processing and desktop publishing. Word processing software, (e.g., Microsoft Word, Corel Word-Perfect) allows users to create, edit, revise, store, and print documents such as letters, memos, reports, and manuscripts. Desktop publishing software (e.g., Adobe Pagemaker, Corel VENTURA, Microsoft Publisher) enables users to integrate text, images, photographs, and graphics to produce high-quality printable output. Desktop publishing software is used on a microcomputer with a mouse, scanner, and printer to create professional-looking publications. These may be newsletters, brochures, magazines, or books.Electronic CommunicationElectronic communication systems include electronic mail (e-mail), voice mail, facsimile (fax), and desktop videoconferencing.Electronic Mail.E-mail is software that allows users, via their computer keyboards, to create, send, and receive messages and files to or from anywhere in the world. Most e-mail systems let the user do other sophisticated tasks such as filter, prioritize, or ; forward copies of messages to other users; create and save drafts of messages; send "carbon copies"; and request automatic confirmation of the delivery of a message. E-mail is very popular because it is easy to use, offers fast delivery, and is inexpensive. Examples of e-mail software are Eudora, Lotus Notes, and Microsoft Outlook.Voice Mail.V oice mail is a sophisticated telephone answering machine. It digitizes incoming voice messages and stores them on disk. When the recipient is ready to listen, the message is converted from its digitized version back to audio, or sound. Recipients may save messages for future use, delete them, or forward them to other people. Facsimile.A facsimile or facsimile transmission machine (FAX) scans a document containing both text and graphics and sends it as electronic signals over ordinary telephone lines to a receiving fax machine. This receiving fax recreates the image on paper. A fax can also scan and send a document to a fax modem (circuit board) inside a remote computer. The fax can then be displayed on the computer screen and stored or printed out by the computer's printer.Desktop VideoconferencingDesktop videoconferencing is one of the fastest growing forms of videoconferencing. ﾀDesktop videoconferencing requires a network and a desktop computer with special application software (e.g., CUSeeMe) as well as a smallcamera installed on top of the monitor. Images of a computer user from the desktop computer are captured and sent across the network to the other computers and users that are participating in the conference. This type of videoconferencing simulates face-to-face meetings of individuals.Electronic CollaborationElectronic collaboration is made possible through electronic meeting and collaborative work systems and teleconferencing. Electronic meeting and collaborative work systems allow teams of coworkers to use networks of microcomputers to share information, update schedules and plans, and cooperate on projects regardless of geographic distance. Special software called groupware is needed to allow two or more people to edit or otherwise work on the same files simultaneously.Teleconferencing is also known as videoconferencing. As was mentioned in the discussion of desktop videoconferencing earlier, this technology allows people in multiple locations to interact and work collaboratively using real-time sound and images. Full teleconferencing, as compared to the desktop version, requires special-purpose meeting rooms with cameras, video display monitors, and audio microphones and speakers.Telecommuting and Collaborative Systems.Telecommuters perform some or all of their work at home instead of traveling to an office each day,usually with the aid of office automation systems, including those that allow collaborative work or meetings. A microcomputer, a modem, software that allows the sending and receiving of work, and an ordinary telephone line are the tools that make this possible.High-tech meeting rooms help companies make more effective presentations. At some conference halls, like this one at the Chinzan-so Four Seasons Hotel in Toyko, small video screens are built into the table tops.Telecommuting is gaining in popularity in part due to the continuing increase in population, which creates traffic congestion, promotes high energy consumption, and causes more air pollution. Telecommuting can help reduce these problems. Telecommuting can also take advantage of the skills of homebound people with physical limitations.Studies have found that telecommuting programs can boost employee morale and productivity among those who work from home. It is necessary to maintain a collaborative work environment, however, through the use of technology and general employee management practices, so that neither on-site employees nor telecommuters find their productivity is compromised by such arrangements. The technologies used in electronic communication and teleconferencing can be useful in maintaining a successful telecommuting program.Image ProcessingImage processing systems include electronic document management, presentation graphics, and multimedia systems. Imaging systems convert text, drawings, and photographs into digital form that can be stored in a computersystem. This digital form can be manipulated, stored, printed, or sent via a modem to another computer. Imaging systems may use scanners, digital cameras, video capture cards, or advanced graphic computers. Companies use imaging systems for a variety of documents such as insurance forms, medical records, dental records, and mortgage applications.Presentation graphics software uses graphics and data from other software tools to create and display presentations. The graphics include charts, bullet lists, text, sound, photos, animation, and video clips. Examples of such software are Microsoft Power Point, Lotus Freelance Graphics, and SPC Harvard Graphics.Multimedia systems are technologies that integrate two or more types of media such as text, graphic, sound, voice, full-motion video, or animation into acomputer-based application. Multimedia is used for electronic books and newspapers, video conferencing, imaging, presentations, and web sites.Office ManagementOffice management systems include electronic office accessories, electronic scheduling, and task management. These systems provide an electronic means of organizing people, projects, and data. Business dates, appointments, notes, and client contact information can be created, edited, stored, and retrieved. Additionally, automatic reminders about crucial dates and appointments can be programmed. Projects and tasks can be allocated, subdivided, and planned. All of these actions can either be done individually or for an entire group. Computerized systems that automate these office functions can dramatically increase productivity and improve communication within an organization.附录1办公自动化系统办公自动化是一个统称，包孕了办公环境中应用于广泛范畴的计算机通讯和信息技术。
办公自动化系统简介一、引言办公自动化系统（Office Automation System，简称OAS）是指利用计算机和相关技术，将办公工作中的各项任务和流程进行自动化处理和管理的一种系统。
它能够提高办公效率，减少人力资源的浪费，提供高效的信息管理和协作平台，为企业和组织的办公工作提供全方位的支持和服务。
二、系统概述办公自动化系统是一个集成化的软件系统，主要包括以下几个方面的功能模块：1. 文档管理模块：该模块提供了文档的创建、编辑、存储、共享和检索等功能。
用户可以通过系统快速创建各类文档，如报告、合同、备忘录等，并且可以对文档进行版本控制，方便团队协作和信息共享。
2. 日程管理模块：该模块匡助用户进行时间和日程的安排和管理。
用户可以在系统中创建个人或者团队的日程安排，并设置提醒功能，确保工作的及时完成和会议的准时召开。
3. 电子邮件模块：该模块提供了电子邮件的发送、接收和管理功能。
用户可以通过系统发送和接收电子邮件，并进行邮件的分类、归档和搜索等操作，提高邮件处理的效率和准确性。
4. 会议管理模块：该模块用于管理和组织会议。
用户可以在系统中创建会议，并邀请相关人员参加，系统会自动发送会议通知和提醒。
会议的议程、会议记要和会议资料等都可以在系统中进行管理和共享。
5. 任务管理模块：该模块用于管理和跟踪任务的执行情况。
用户可以在系统中创建任务，并指派给相应的人员，系统会自动发送任务通知和提醒。
用户可以随时查看任务的进度和完成情况，确保任务按时完成。
6. 统计报表模块：该模块用于生成各类统计报表和分析图表。
用户可以通过系统提供的报表模板和图表工具，快速生成各类报表，如销售报表、财务报表等，为决策提供准确的数据支持。
三、系统特点办公自动化系统具有以下几个主要特点：1. 集成化：系统集成为了多个功能模块，用户可以在同一个平台上完成各类办公任务，避免了频繁切换和重复操作，提高了工作效率。
2. 灵便性：系统具有良好的灵便性，可以根据用户的需求进行定制和扩展。
摘要：办公自动化系统是利用技术的手段提高办公的效率，进而实现办公自动化处理的系统。
它采用Internet技术，基于工作流的概念，使企业内部人员方便快捷地共享信息，高效地协同工作;改变过去复杂、低效的手工办公方式，实现迅速、全方位的信息采集、信息处理，为企业的管理和决策提供科学的依据，深受众多企业的青睐。
随着信息科学技术的飞速发展，办公自动化系统在技术和应用上都得到了更高层次的发展。
尤其是进入21世纪以来，办公管理系统的运用使日常办公工作更加方便、快捷和高效，而办公活动重要性的日渐突出,也引起了管理者的普遍重视，他们越来越感觉到没有信息技术支持的管理是力不从心的，因而办公自动化系统应运而生。
办公自动化系统对于以纸质文件为中心的传统办公方式，不仅节省了大量的人力、物力、财力，而且效率高、时效性强、不容易出错，有利于团队长期稳定、高效的发展。
提高了工作效率和对信息的控制，使管理更加规范化、标准化、科学化。
关键词：；C#；SQL Server2005；B/S架构；办公自动化目录第一章办公自动化系统的系统计划1.1系统开发的背景 (4)1.2系统开发的意义 (5)第二章办公自动化系统的系统分析 62.1系统组织机构分析 (7)2.2系统业务流程分析 (7)2.3系统数据流程分析 (8)第三章实例：万户公司的OA系统 (7)3.1公司简介及发展背景 (7)3.2 OA系统的优势 (9)3.3社会评价 (9)3.4强强联合 (9)总结 (11)参考文献 (12)第一章办公自动化系统的系统计划1.1系统开发的背景随着21世纪知识经济时代的来临，知识已成为经济增长和社会发展以及企业成长的关键性资源，最大限制地掌握和利用知识越来越成为企业与机构信息化建设的核心。
对知识前所未有的重视使以工作流为中心的办公自动化系统面临着严峻的挑战，在知识经济时代，企业与机构不仅要求员工对他所要实施任务目标“知其然”，更要求员工—特别是管理者—能够“知其所以然”。
外文翻译：办公自动化系统原文来源：Jorge Cardoso. Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation[M]. Second Edition. John Wiley&Sons. Inc. 2006. 149~157.译文正文：介绍这篇文章的目的是从企业专家观点的角度来帮助某些领域如医疗保健，工程学，销售，制造业，咨询和会计的人们了解办公自动化系统。
因为具有办公自动化系统的个体组织在今天的商业世界中几乎是难免的因而这显得很重要。
个人电脑的广泛使用与图象驱动的操作系统的发展一道给了人们形象化和操作信息一个更加自然和更加直觉的方式。
从文字处理软件到电子表格，这些应用被发展了，采取这些新的操作系统的好处，导致了人们对电脑使用的增加和对个人电脑的接受，这极大地改变了组织的处理日常业务的方式。
医疗保健企业包含跨越不同的小组和组织的复杂过程。
这些过程涉及临床和管理工作、大量数据及很大数量的患者和人员。
任务可以由人或自动化系统执行。
在后一种情况下，这些任务是由多种软件应用程序和多个不同种类的信息系统支持和分配的。
发展自动处理这些过程的系统，在提高医疗企业的效率中越来越扮演一个重要角色。
办公自动化系统（OAS）是基于计算机的，用于执行各种各样的办公操作，例如文字处理，电子表格、电子邮件和视频会议的自动化信息系统。
这些不同的办公自动化系统实现了办公室内许多管理工作的自动化，通常集中在个人和集体工作的可重复性和可预测性方面。
经理、工程师和职员雇员越来越频繁地使用它们来提高效率和生产力。
他们支持工作者的一般活动并且强调生产办公室工作者执行的以文件为中心的任务的自动化。
OAS包含了一套广泛的能力并且为电子工作场所提供许多技术支持。
OAS被集中使用于支持办公室工作者的信息和通信需要，被组织用于支持白领工作者也显示出了重要作用。
历史角度办公自动化系统在早期集中在所有办公室的一般需求中，如阅读和写作。
办公自动化系统一、引言办公自动化系统是指利用计算机技术和信息管理技术，对办公室各项工作进行自动化处理和管理的系统。
它可以提高工作效率、降低成本、提升工作质量，并为企业提供更加便捷和高效的办公环境。
本文将详细介绍办公自动化系统的定义、特点、功能以及实施步骤。
二、定义办公自动化系统是指利用计算机技术和信息管理技术，对办公室各项工作进行自动化处理和管理的系统。
它通过集成各种办公软件和硬件设备，实现办公流程的自动化、信息的共享和协同办公，为企业提供高效、便捷的办公环境。
三、特点1. 集成性：办公自动化系统集成了多种办公软件和硬件设备，如办公文档处理软件、电子邮件、会议系统等，实现了不同工作环节的无缝连接和协同办公。
2. 自动化：办公自动化系统能够自动完成一些重复性、繁琐的办公任务，如文件归档、会议安排等，提高工作效率和减少人力成本。
3. 信息共享：办公自动化系统实现了信息的集中存储和共享，员工可以随时随地访问和共享办公文件和数据，提高工作效率和协同办公能力。
4. 安全性：办公自动化系统具备严格的权限管理和数据安全保护机制，确保办公文件和数据的安全性和保密性。
5. 可扩展性：办公自动化系统可以根据企业的需求进行定制和扩展，适应不同规模和行业的企业需求。
四、功能1. 办公文档处理：办公自动化系统提供了一系列的文档处理功能，如文字处理、表格处理、演示文稿等，方便员工进行文档的创建、编辑和共享。
2. 电子邮件管理：办公自动化系统集成了电子邮件管理功能，员工可以通过系统发送和接收邮件，并进行邮件的分类、归档和搜索。
3. 日程管理：办公自动化系统提供了日程管理功能，员工可以通过系统安排和管理自己的日程安排，包括会议安排、任务分配等。
4. 会议管理：办公自动化系统实现了会议管理功能，包括会议室预定、会议通知、会议议程管理等，提高会议的效率和管理水平。
5. 协同办公：办公自动化系统实现了协同办公功能，员工可以通过系统共享文件、讨论问题、协同编辑等，提高团队合作和工作效率。
基于JAVA智能化办公系统设计与实现文献综述办公自动化系统是办公信息处理的自动化，采用先进的信息处理技术来提高办公效率和管理手段的系统。
本文阐述了办公自动化的发展与现状，它在人机交互和信息处理方面不断改善，进一步提高工作效率，工作质量。
就开发技术来就讲，从早期的CGI等到现在的Java。
目前的办公自动化系统仍然有很多不足的问题，有待我们从软件角度去完善它。
就我自己对办公自动化系统的设想来说，应该将设计的着眼点放在用户对象上，将面向对象的思想引入到系统设计中去。
最后，提出了对办公自动化系统平台建设的个人设想。
1.办公自动化的内涵和变迁办公自动化（OfficeAutomation），简称OA，是办公信息处理的自动化，它利用先进的技术，使人的各种办公业务活动逐步由各种设备、各种人机信息系统来协助完成，达到充分利用信息，提高工作效率和工作质量，提高生产率的目的。
办公自动化在70年代末80年代初由我国的提出，到现在已有近二十年发展历史。
由于办公自动化技术的不断发展，办公自动化的内涵也不断地丰富和发展。
最早的办公自动化指的是传真机、打字机、复印机等办公设备的使用；接着，办公自动化指的是用电脑进行文书存贮、排版、及输出工作，用电脑进行人事、财务等管理；现代的办公自动化系统观点认为：办公自动化实际上是人与人、人与部门、部门之间信息的共享、交换、组织、分类、传递及处理、协调过程。
传统的办公自动化多是指字处理系统、轻印刷系统、文档管理系统，无法实现信息的共享、交换、传递，难以对非文本的如：声频、视频、图形、OLE对象、扫描图像等多媒体信息、超文本信息进行有效的处理、超文本信息进行有效的处理。
同时，传统的电子邮件系统没有对办公过程中的工作流提供良好的支持，难以根据不同的情况、不同的工作状态采取不同的措施，更好地跟踪事务的处理过程。
因此，现代办公自动化系统更着重于提供办公信息的共享、交换、组织、传递、监控功能，提供协同工作的环境。
The office automationTransact an automation(the Office Automation System, OA) to mean:according to forerunner of the network connects with each other of the distribute type software system, pass the valid resources share and information exchanges and release, attain the exaltation work efficiency, lower the labor strength, reduce the purpose of the repeated labor.It emphasizes interpersonal and each of the ,business enterprise of thesection to be in conjunction with a work, and its carry on valid exchangesmutually,communication.The OA is the reasonable application that the calculator technique is in transact the business.The calculator technique is an OA premise.If escape from the calculator technique but talk OA, just like in the person say dream.Have no calculator technique, the OA becomes a water of has no source and have no the wood of the woodthen.Calculator to information of saving with processing the ability changed people to transact a way biggest, raising a work efficiency.Such as:want to build up the decision support system, then need data warehouse,OLAP etc. technique:want to build up the information management system, then have to have techniques, such as database and the program design language...etc.:want to build up the business/business processing system, then can not get away from a database and design the good man-machine interface and work to flow a control,OLTP etc.The OA is the exchanges that makes use of the correspondence technique to carry out person and the machine,machine and machine and person and persons, the correspondence technique is an OA foundation.The modern office isn't the soldier any more to fight courageously, but a team is in conjunction with a work, the coordination of the member's in the team,cooperate to can not get away from a correspondence technique;Modern office also no longer is build a cart behind closed door, the business enterprise demand and the external world extensive information exchanges, this cans not get away from a correspondence technique more.Have no technical support of correspondence, the OA became mirage then.The OA is the thing that the management thought of science is under the forerunner's technique means to turn.The management thought of science is the core that carries out OA.The calculator technique and the correspondence technique only is in order to carry out OA to beat to descend foundation, provide a possibility.Want to be real to carry out OA, also needs the contents that the thing turns science management in mankind's thinking.From here but know, OA is calculator technique,correspond by letter technique and science of management thought perfect kind of state and ideal for combine.We always at in order to carry out the OA but effort, but our result only is in the some links,some squareses but,the partly carried out OA of function, has a margin with real OA still, the margin basically lies in applied system to the management thought of carry out aspectTransact the development of the automationTransact the automation(the OA-Office Automation) is to transact modernization to put together with the calculator network function knot of a kind of transacts a way newly, is a very active in the current new technique revolution with have very strong vitality of technique applied realm is the outcome of the information-based society.Pass a network, organize the organization insider member can cross over time,space to be in conjunction with a work.Passes the commutation type network application that the OA system carry out, make the information deliver more fast with convenience, expanded to transact means thus and biggest, carry out to transact of high-efficiency.Now say of transact automation, should take network as to rely on, carry on unimpeded information exchanges in the business enterprise inner part.Under this kind of mode, the business enterprise becomes a big office, it the finance,personnel,administration,business belong to etc. the sections all become the business enterprise information to flow in of a link, but Be not the information isolated island of the single any more.Depend on this kind of mode, the organization structure of the business enterprise can get a simplification, each section shares in the information of the foundation go forward to go cooperation, easy to definitely each section even the responsibility of each employee, but make policy a layer and can synthesize to come from each square quickly but of information, and this strategic decision that is the basis to draw up a business enterprise.No one doubts the emergence of the calculator brings employee in office of convenience, but to the transact of modern automation but speech, its purpose has already not limitted at workload of ease the employee, but wants to work employee to medium liberation to come out from the tedious business, paying attention to the most important affair with more energies, raising the efficiency of the business enterprise thus, strengthenning a business enterprise of comprehensive competition ability.Speaks from this meaning, tend to turn white-hot in the market competition of now greatly, transact the automation is no longer a kind of means,a kind of tool, but becomes deciding the life vein that the business enterprise exists a development.The our country starts develop to transact automation from the 80's end and at the beginning of 90's, having already had more than ten histories of years to now.In early days, mostly from the calculator personnel of the business enterprise,the unit inner part or the fancier usage FoxBase, the Foxpro write of, these software well not we now point of transact the automation software, but their most that aims at to transact a medium certain and particular need to develop is the single machine operation mode, falling through the information commutation and sharing, the contents do usually just inputs a some and particular contents, print according to the certain format these contentses again, so these softwares say on the real meaning and can't say is transact automation software.After entering in mid 90's, along with network technique(such as:the 100 M ether net),the groupware system(the special Microsoft Exchange Server and LoutsNotes,the database technique(the mature relation database management system) and various but have toward the object development soil(such as:the Microsoft VisualStudio etc. technique and product is gradually mature but is applied extensively, developping gradual vehemence of cause the market competition soon because of the fly of the domestic economy in the meantime, and government to the extension that the business enterprise macro view adjusts to control with excellent turn, the all these causes the need of the business enterprise to transact to automate a product increase quickly.Transact automation to start turning into a fast development stage at this time.Expand gradually along with the software market, the domestic is engaged in the company of the software development to also grow up gradually exclusively, and specialized is the government and business enterprise to"tailor" to transact an automation, develop according to the concrete need of the customer because of these systems of, so its function is more perfect, and can the effective demand of the better contented customer, but it exists some fatal weakness:Develop period longThe investment is bigSoftware the development needs a continuous maintenance after the completion The reason that causes to appear these weaknesses contain a lot of kinds, if the development troops set of the software development company brigade mode is small reasonable,lack a development to transact experience of automate the product:the customer lack to the understanding etc. that transacts to automate a product.But real important reason usually is because at develop process in or the development completion after the need occurrence variety of the customer but cause, usually will appear during the period of develop to cause the software modify to lengthen by going to the whole development period continuously with the development expenses overspend because the need of the customer changes continuously.After coming out the software development through all sorts of hardship, again because the customer need variety wants to carry on a continuous modification maintenance to the software.Till the last, the whole software as if a piece thousand sew 100 repair of clothes, the function,applicability and function all will lower consumedly.A lot of software development companies think the emergence of[with] these problems lies in customer of demanding of change continuously, in fact this kind of viewpoint combine inaccuracy, because the development of the society and the reform of the national organization will cause by all means the national organization and the management style variety of the business enterprise, but the variety of this kind of management style will cause the need variety of the customer to transact to automate software."Change"ing since is ineluctable, we will can let the software adapt this kind of variety.Constuct along with each national organization and business enterprise calculator network the end of 90's of gradual perfect, and Internet/Intranet at local of universality, the whole social middleman and the person's exchanges and the contact method took place hypostatic variety, the electronical information exchanges method became main current gradually.Develop in early days at this time of some transact the automation software and expose a some irregularities, transacted the automationsoftware to take area net environment in bureau as foundation but design mostly in early days of, because of chose the terrace of the type at that time isn't united, result in Be carrying out several bureau area nets to carry on the data commutation(such as with top and bottom the data of the class or even class unit exchange) to meet tremendous resistance, appear a kind of"the information 鸿ditch".The information of area net in bureau delivers the text that can depend on originality usually originally the way deliver, becoming an again thus new each from independent information isolated island.This kind of circumstance obstructed an our country to transact the development of the automation biggest.From the mid 90's in 20 centuries up to now. Derivation Intranet, Extranet. The Internet Internet technique is quick to develop and make widely available in the our country. The government get to the Internet engineering .The business enterprise get to the Internet engineering. Electronics government Electronic commerce The electronics manage Government internal net Business enterprise net The numerical nervous system and numeral turn to transact etc. a series of new concept. But to these new concept, lifting again OA will let the many people feel captivation perhaps.Seem this concept of OA is unwell already should the demand of the information-based development.We temporary think this stage is the new stage of the OA development here. The main marking of this stage should be with each other connect net technical widespread usage.The content and outside that transact automation postponeAt the new period, according to transact the automation construction experience for many years and connect a technical development of net with each other, the understanding that transacts automation for us is also more and more clear, seeing from the property of the network, transact the automation should is position in an internal net(Intranet), from transacted a property to see, transact the automation should is position in numeral to turn to transact, transacting the foundation that the automation should be an information-based construction in the eyes of the information-based construction.Transact automation the essence of the construction with the exaltation makes policy effect for purpose of.Transact automation through a realization, or say the realization numeral turns to transact, can be excellent to turn the existing management organization structure, adjusting the consistency of the plan, the purpose of the end realization exaltation decision effect.The foundation that transacts automation is to manage of comprehension and to backlog of information.The technique just transacts the means of the automation.Ground only managed business to have deep comprehension towards manage and, woulded make to transact automation to use violence, only will transact the born information in the process to carry on a preface to turn a backlog, precipitate, transacting automation then can produce result.The soul that transacts automation is a software, the hardware just carries out an environment guarantee of transact the automation.The numeral turns to transact oftwo obvious characteristics is authorizations with open, pass authorization to insure the safety and layering usage of[with] information, make the numeral turn to transact the system contain the premise that can be in use, passing to open, making the information share become reality.Along with the Internet technical universality and application, the important application that transacts automation as Intranet has to be can connect with each other with Internet, including an E-mail,Web to release an etc., this not only communicates an outside information inside the business enterprise and publicizee outward, but also can also provide the network service further, carrying out electronic commerce with participate the electronics community.Set out from the customer usage angle in fact, the concept of"the data save to visit center" can raise the amity of the applied system with maximum limit with use sex easily.Also be say, the customer the demand visit a system, can visit to all informations that he need, include to transact an information,business data,Internet data.We think transacting an automation should become such"save to visit center", also only transacting an automation can undertake such role.Doubtless, the development that transacts an automation certainly is since from the function gradually perfect and strong, and from use the top of sex easily also more and more friendly with convenience.In order to carry out the function request that the business enterprise transacts automation, the information technique has to be provided the solid foundation and full technique means, so we should also see current development level.That system is total of to say that develop under the WEB environment, the techniques need all have something to do with network, because of develop time etc. condition restriction, function request analysis in of parts of function short dates carry out impossibly and completely, such as the electronics mailbox etc. function.So it is impossible for system to accomplish in one move, the function need small break an enlargement,modification and get stripe in the movement.Transact the development direction of the automationThe development direction that transacts automation should be a numeral to turn to transact.The so-called numeral turns to transact to transact business almost and allly namely all a realization under the network environment.See from the technique development angle, connect a technical development of net especially and with each other, the development of safe technical development and the software theories, carry out numeral to turn to transact is possible.From the management system and work habitual angle to see, the overall numeral turns to transact to still have a distance, numerical turn to transact first inevitable pound at an existing management system, make the existing management system occurrence change, but manage the change of the system to mean the right and benefits reallocate:another work habit with original manager,the work way and the law system is very strong inertial, in a short time the change needs date still.For all that, whole but carry out numeral to turn to transact is transact automation to develop of inevitable.办公自动化系统办公自动化系统(Office Automation System, OA)是指:基于先进的网络互连的分布式软件系统，通过有效的资源共享和信息交流、发布，达到提高工作效率，降低劳动强度，减少重复劳动的目的。
The office automationTransact an automation(the Office Automation System, OA) to mean:according to forerunner of the network connects with each other of the distribute type software system, pass the valid resources share and information exchanges and release, attain the exaltation work efficiency, lower the labor strength, reduce the purpose of the repeated labor.It emphasizes interpersonal and each of the ,business enterprise of thesection to be in conjunction with a work, and its carry on valid exchangesmutually,communication.The OA is the reasonable application that the calculator technique is in transact the business.The calculator technique is an OA premise.If escape from the calculator technique but talk OA, just like in the person say dream.Have no calculator technique, the OA becomes a water of has no source and have no the wood of the woodthen.Calculator to information of saving with processing the ability changed people to transact a way biggest, raising a work efficiency.Such as:want to build up the decision support system, then need data warehouse,OLAP etc. technique:want to build up the information management system, then have to have techniques, such as database and the program design language...etc.:want to build up the business/business processing system, then can not get away from a database and design the good man-machine interface and work to flow a control,OLTP etc.The OA is the exchanges that makes use of the correspondence technique to carry out person and the machine,machine and machine and person and persons, the correspondence technique is an OA foundation.The modern office isn't the soldier any more to fight courageously, but a team is in conjunction with a work, the coordination of the member's in the team,cooperate to can not get away from a correspondence technique;Modern office also no longer is build a cart behind closed door, the business enterprise demand and the external world extensive information exchanges, this cans not get away from a correspondence technique more.Have no technical support of correspondence, the OA became mirage then.The OA is the thing that the management thought of science is under the forerunner's technique means to turn.The management thought of science is the core that carries out OA.The calculator technique and the correspondence technique only is in order to carry out OA to beat to descend foundation, provide a possibility.Want to be real to carry out OA, also needs the contents that the thing turns science management in mankind's thinking.From here but know, OA is calculator technique,correspond by letter technique and science of management thought perfect kind of state and ideal for combine.We always at in order to carry out the OA but effort, but our result only is in the some links,some squareses but,the partly carried out OA of function, has a margin with real OA still, the margin basically lies in applied system to the management thought of carry out aspectTransact the development of the automationTransact the automation(the OA-Office Automation) is to transact modernization to put together with the calculator network function knot of a kind of transacts a way newly, is a very active in the current new technique revolution with have very strong vitality of technique applied realm is the outcome of the information-based society.Pass a network, organize the organization insider member can cross over time,space to be in conjunction with a work.Passes the commutation type network application that the OA system carry out, make the information deliver more fast with convenience, expanded to transact means thus and biggest, carry out to transact of high-efficiency.Now say of transact automation, should take network as to rely on, carry on unimpeded information exchanges in the business enterprise inner part.Under this kind of mode, the business enterprise becomes a big office, it the finance,personnel,administration,business belong to etc. the sections all become the business enterprise information to flow in of a link, but Be not the information isolated island of the single any more.Depend on this kind of mode, the organization structure of the business enterprise can get a simplification, each section shares in the information of the foundation go forward to go cooperation, easy to definitely each section even the responsibility of each employee, but make policy a layer and can synthesize to come from each square quickly but of information, and this strategic decision that is the basis to draw up a business enterprise.No one doubts the emergence of the calculator brings employee in office of convenience, but to the transact of modern automation but speech, its purpose has already not limitted at workload of ease the employee, but wants to work employee to medium liberation to come out from the tedious business, paying attention to the most important affair with more energies, raising the efficiency of the business enterprise thus, strengthenning a business enterprise of comprehensive competition ability.Speaks from this meaning, tend to turn white-hot in the market competition of now greatly, transact the automation is no longer a kind of means,a kind of tool, but becomes deciding the life vein that the business enterprise exists a development.The our country starts develop to transact automation from the 80's end and at the beginning of 90's, having already had more than ten histories of years to now.In early days, mostly from the calculator personnel of the business enterprise,the unit inner part or the fancier usage FoxBase, the Foxpro write of, these software well not we now point of transact the automation software, but their most that aims at to transact a medium certain and particular need to develop is the single machine operation mode, falling through the information commutation and sharing, the contents do usually just inputs a some and particular contents, print according to the certain format these contentses again, so these softwares say on the real meaning and can't say is transact automation software.After entering in mid 90's, along with network technique(such as:the 100 M ether net),the groupware system(the special Microsoft Exchange Server and LoutsNotes,the database technique(the mature relation database management system) and various but have toward the object development soil(such as:the Microsoft VisualStudio etc. technique and product is gradually mature but is applied extensively, developping gradual vehemence of cause the market competition soon because of the fly of the domestic economy in the meantime, and government to the extension that the business enterprise macro view adjusts to control with excellent turn, the all these causes the need of the business enterprise to transact to automate a product increase quickly.Transact automation to start turning into a fast development stage at this time.Expand gradually along with the software market, the domestic is engaged in the company of the software development to also grow up gradually exclusively, and specialized is the government and business enterprise to"tailor" to transact an automation, develop according to the concrete need of the customer because of these systems of, so its function is more perfect, and can the effective demand of the better contented customer, but it exists some fatal weakness:Develop period longThe investment is bigSoftware the development needs a continuous maintenance after the completion The reason that causes to appear these weaknesses contain a lot of kinds, if the development troops set of the software development company brigade mode is small reasonable,lack a development to transact experience of automate the product:the customer lack to the understanding etc. that transacts to automate a product.But real important reason usually is because at develop process in or the development completion after the need occurrence variety of the customer but cause, usually will appear during the period of develop to cause the software modify to lengthen by going to the whole development period continuously with the development expenses overspend because the need of the customer changes continuously.After coming out the software development through all sorts of hardship, again because the customer need variety wants to carry on a continuous modification maintenance to the software.Till the last, the whole software as if a piece thousand sew 100 repair of clothes, the function,applicability and function all will lower consumedly.A lot of software development companies think the emergence of[with] these problems lies in customer of demanding of change continuously, in fact this kind of viewpoint combine inaccuracy, because the development of the society and the reform of the national organization will cause by all means the national organization and the management style variety of the business enterprise, but the variety of this kind of management style will cause the need variety of the customer to transact to automate software."Change"ing since is ineluctable, we will can let the software adapt this kind of variety.Constuct along with each national organization and business enterprise calculator network the end of 90's of gradual perfect, and Internet/Intranet at local of universality, the whole social middleman and the person's exchanges and the contact method took place hypostatic variety, the electronical information exchanges method became main current gradually.Develop in early days at this time of some transact the automation software and expose a some irregularities, transacted the automationsoftware to take area net environment in bureau as foundation but design mostly in early days of, because of chose the terrace of the type at that time isn't united, result in Be carrying out several bureau area nets to carry on the data commutation(such as with top and bottom the data of the class or even class unit exchange) to meet tremendous resistance, appear a kind of"the information 鸿ditch".The information of area net in bureau delivers the text that can depend on originality usually originally the way deliver, becoming an again thus new each from independent information isolated island.This kind of circumstance obstructed an our country to transact the development of the automation biggest.From the mid 90's in 20 centuries up to now. Derivation Intranet, Extranet. The Internet Internet technique is quick to develop and make widely available in the our country. The government get to the Internet engineering .The business enterprise get to the Internet engineering. Electronics government Electronic commerce The electronics manage Government internal net Business enterprise net The numerical nervous system and numeral turn to transact etc. a series of new concept. But to these new concept, lifting again OA will let the many people feel captivation perhaps.Seem this concept of OA is unwell already should the demand of the information-based development.We temporary think this stage is the new stage of the OA development here. The main marking of this stage should be with each other connect net technical widespread usage.The content and outside that transact automation postponeAt the new period, according to transact the automation construction experience for many years and connect a technical development of net with each other, the understanding that transacts automation for us is also more and more clear, seeing from the property of the network, transact the automation should is position in an internal net(Intranet), from transacted a property to see, transact the automation should is position in numeral to turn to transact, transacting the foundation that the automation should be an information-based construction in the eyes of the information-based construction.Transact automation the essence of the construction with the exaltation makes policy effect for purpose of.Transact automation through a realization, or say the realization numeral turns to transact, can be excellent to turn the existing management organization structure, adjusting the consistency of the plan, the purpose of the end realization exaltation decision effect.The foundation that transacts automation is to manage of comprehension and to backlog of information.The technique just transacts the means of the automation.Ground only managed business to have deep comprehension towards manage and, woulded make to transact automation to use violence, only will transact the born information in the process to carry on a preface to turn a backlog, precipitate, transacting automation then can produce result.The soul that transacts automation is a software, the hardware just carries out an environment guarantee of transact the automation.The numeral turns to transact oftwo obvious characteristics is authorizations with open, pass authorization to insure the safety and layering usage of[with] information, make the numeral turn to transact the system contain the premise that can be in use, passing to open, making the information share become reality.Along with the Internet technical universality and application, the important application that transacts automation as Intranet has to be can connect with each other with Internet, including an E-mail,Web to release an etc., this not only communicates an outside information inside the business enterprise and publicizee outward, but also can also provide the network service further, carrying out electronic commerce with participate the electronics community.Set out from the customer usage angle in fact, the concept of"the data save to visit center" can raise the amity of the applied system with maximum limit with use sex easily.Also be say, the customer the demand visit a system, can visit to all informations that he need, include to transact an information,business data,Internet data.We think transacting an automation should become such"save to visit center", also only transacting an automation can undertake such role.Doubtless, the development that transacts an automation certainly is since from the function gradually perfect and strong, and from use the top of sex easily also more and more friendly with convenience.In order to carry out the function request that the business enterprise transacts automation, the information technique has to be provided the solid foundation and full technique means, so we should also see current development level.That system is total of to say that develop under the WEB environment, the techniques need all have something to do with network, because of develop time etc. condition restriction, function request analysis in of parts of function short dates carry out impossibly and completely, such as the electronics mailbox etc. function.So it is impossible for system to accomplish in one move, the function need small break an enlargement,modification and get stripe in the movement.Transact the development direction of the automationThe development direction that transacts automation should be a numeral to turn to transact.The so-called numeral turns to transact to transact business almost and allly namely all a realization under the network environment.See from the technique development angle, connect a technical development of net especially and with each other, the development of safe technical development and the software theories, carry out numeral to turn to transact is possible.From the management system and work habitual angle to see, the overall numeral turns to transact to still have a distance, numerical turn to transact first inevitable pound at an existing management system, make the existing management system occurrence change, but manage the change of the system to mean the right and benefits reallocate:another work habit with original manager,the work way and the law system is very strong inertial, in a short time the change needs date still.For all that, whole but carry out numeral to turn to transact is transact automation to develop of inevitable.办公自动化系统办公自动化系统(Office Automation System, OA)是指:基于先进的网络互连的分布式软件系统，通过有效的资源共享和信息交流、发布，达到提高工作效率，降低劳动强度，减少重复劳动的目的。
