天津大学2007年考研试题

天津大学考研试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 天津大学位于我国的哪个城市？A. 北京B. 上海C. 天津D. 广州答案：C2. 天津大学创建于哪一年？A. 1895年B. 1902年C. 1911年D. 1921年答案：A3. 天津大学是首批进入“211工程”的大学之一吗？A. 是B. 否答案：A4. 天津大学的校训是什么？A. 厚德博学，求是创新B. 厚德载物，自强不息C. 格物致知，明德至善D. 博学笃志，切问近思答案：A5. 天津大学在哪个学科领域具有显著优势？A. 工程学B. 医学C. 文学D. 法学答案：A6. 天津大学图书馆藏书量超过多少万册？A. 100万B. 200万C. 300万D. 400万答案：B7. 天津大学有多少个学院？A. 15个B. 20个C. 25个D. 30个答案：B8. 天津大学是教育部直属的高校吗？A. 是B. 否答案：A9. 天津大学在哪个区？A. 和平区B. 南开区C. 河西区D. 红桥区答案：B10. 天津大学校园内有多少个食堂？A. 3个B. 5个C. 7个D. 9个答案：B二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 天津大学在哪些领域有国家重点学科？A. 化学工程与技术B. 材料科学与工程C. 机械工程D. 管理科学与工程答案：ABCD2. 天津大学有哪些国家级科研平台？A. 国家重点实验室B. 国家工程研究中心C. 国家工程技术研究中心D. 国家工程实验室答案：ABCD3. 天津大学提供哪些类型的研究生教育？A. 硕士研究生B. 博士研究生C. 专业学位研究生D. 非全日制研究生答案：ABCD三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 请简述天津大学的历史沿革。

答案：天津大学前身为北洋大学，始建于1895年，是中国第一所现代大学，由清末洋务运动的代表人物盛宣怀创办。

后经过多次更名和迁址，于1951年正式更名为天津大学。

2. 天津大学在国际合作与交流方面有哪些举措？答案：天津大学积极开展国际合作与交流，与世界多所知名大学建立了合作关系，包括学生交换、联合培养、科研合作等多种形式。

天津大学大学2007年硕士研究生入学考试宏微观经济学试题
一、名词解释（每题6分，共30分）
1．固定成本
2．Lm曲线
3．结构性通货膨胀
4．固定资本
5．跨国公司
二、简答题（每题10分，共60分）
1．用供求法则和需求的价格弹性理论简析石油输出国组织（OPEC）经常限制石油产量的原因。

2．简述投资乘数理论，并指出其发挥作用的条件。

3．登尼森提出的影响经济增长的因素有哪些？
4．研究社会再生产的出发点是什么？
5．在社会主义市场经济中，公有制的主体地位表现在哪些方面？
6．国家宏观调控应掌握哪些数量界限？
三、论述题（每题30分，共60分）
1．试述市场失灵的原因。

2．试述公司制企业的产权制度和法人治理结构。

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天津大学招收2007年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目名称：运筹学基础 考试科目编号：432一、填空（20分）型）：(1)初表的出基变量为 ，进基变量为 。

[]=-1*)2(B 最优基逆(3)填完终表。

=*)4(X 最优解=*)5(y 对偶问题最优解(6)若原问题增加一个新的非负变量，则对偶问题的最优目标值将（变大、不变、变小） 。

２．将非平衡运输问题化为平衡运输问题，在表上相当于增加一个虚设的 ，在模型中相当于增加若干个 变量。

３．在确定性存贮问题中，记C １为订货费，C ２为存贮费，C ３为缺货费，R 为需求率，设 C １、、C ２、C ３、和R 均为常数，不需要提前订货，且一订货即可全部供货，则不允许缺货时最佳批量相应的单位时间总费用为—C = ，允许缺货时（缺货要补）最佳批量相应的单位时间总费用C= 。

二者的大小关系为—C （≥或≤）C 。

4．在M/M/1/N/∞排队模型中，顾客的平均到达率为λ，平均服务率为μ，系统的状态概率为P i （i=0，1，…，N ），则到达的顾客被拒绝排队的概率为 ；系统的有效到达率为 。

二（20分）、某化学制药厂有m 种有害副产品，它们的数量为b i （i=1，…，m ）。

按照规定，必须经过处理，制成n 种无害物后才能废弃。

设aij 为每制成一单位第j （j=1，…，n ）种无害物可以处理掉第i 种有害物的数量，cj 为制成一单位第j 种无害物的费用。

1． 现欲求各无害物的产量xj 以使总的处理费用为最小，请写出此问题的线性规划模型； 2． 写出此问题的对偶规划模型，并解释对偶规划模型的经济意义。

三（15分）、考虑下面两个线性规划：[][]'')()(≥≥====X X b AX bAX XC z Min II CX z Min I 约束条件约束条件()()0'')(')(****≤--X X C C II X I X 的最优解，试证：是的最优解，是已知 四（25分）、某投资者拟对A 与B 两种基金进行投资，投资期限5年。

天津大学工程力学考研真题-考研资料-笔记讲义许多学生在考研复习的时候，都会遇到重点不明确，不知道从何复习的情况。

为此，天津考研网建议，考研复习中，专业的考研复习资料，是帮助考生能够快速掌握复习重点及方法必不可少的因素，然后就是真题和讲义，可以让同学了解历年考研的出题方向和大致范围。

天津考研网推出了天津大学工程力学的考研复习资料及真题解析班，以下为详细介绍:【适用对象】2014年报考天津大学且初试科目为802工程力学的专业课基础不扎实、对院系内部信息了解甚少的同学，适合跨校考生使用【推荐理由】由本部签约的天津大学在读本硕博团队搜集整理精心编制成套，严格依照天津大学最新考研大纲及考研参考书目整理，目前为市面上最全面的资料，作为基础强化及冲刺全程使用，分售400余元，全套购买享受大幅优惠并有赠品【包含资料】1、天津大学工程力学1997－2007、2009-2012年考研真题（市场独家最全，其中2009-2011年试题由本站历届特约考生团队回忆，非市面的仅回忆简单知识点的版本，全国独家推出，其余试卷均为原版，掌握最新试题动向先人一步），附赠1999-2004年试题参考答案（赠品，电子版），众所周知天大出题重复率高，一般多年的试题就是一个小题库，所以历年试题一定要仔细研究，通过多年试卷可总结出出题重点及思路；2、天津大学工程力学考研笔记，天津大学最后一次内部考研辅导绝版笔记，手写版40余页；3、天津大学材料力学课后作业及参考答案，天大老师课堂作业题及参考答案，教研室内部资料，打印版；4、天津大学材料力学5套期末试题及参考答案，教研室内部资料，打印版；5、天津大学材料力学本科课件，PPT格式，已制成网上课堂格式，包括天大材料力学80学时、64课时双语、48学时各课程课件，超级详细，对应教材为天津大学出版社赵志岗编《材料力学》，容量120M，光盘发送；6、天津大学材料力学视频课程，主讲赵志岗老师，共68讲，容量近7G，光盘发送，影音并茂，非常适合配合教材复习，置身名师课堂；7、天津大学理论力学本科课件，教研室内部资料，图文并茂，重点突出，包括了各章主要内容、重点讨论、例题分析、典型习题，此资料仅看静力学部分即可；8、天津大学理论力学本科大纲，打印版，明确了教学内容、重点、难点，此资料仅看静力学部分即可；9、天津大学工程力学重点内容及公式总结，打印版，由高分考生总结而成，包括工程力学各章重点核心内容及必备公式；10、天津大学工程力学2008－2013年考研大纲，打印版，通过历年大纲对比可以更深入了解历年考试考点及参考书目变化情况从而预测趋势，独家提供。

ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAMFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTSTIANJIN UNIVERSITY (Jan 26, 2007)PART II: VocabularyDirections: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16．The minister of education recently promised ____ incentive grants to the teachers who intend to reform their teaching methods.A. obviousB. colorfulC. substantialD. resolute17. ____ in the book and reference lending should be given to the doctoral candidates who are to finish their dissertations in their last year’s study.A. PromotionB. PreferenceC. PrecautionD. Priority18. Wealthy people often ____ in winter days to warmer sunnier countries.A. motivateB. migrateC. immigrantD. emigrate19. To join a fitness program, ____ must be within a certain height and weight range.A. votersB. partnersC. designersD. participants20. Some demographers remain ____ about the population growth and stress that population growth is, at any rate in the long term, a good thing.A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. hopelessD. optimistic21. The ____ of undergraduate experience should be assessed by the performance of the graduate in the workplace and further education.A. reactionB. impactC. capabilityD. proficiency22. Citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ____ of tooth decay.A. consequenceB. traitC. accidentD. incidence23. The major goal of the tourism department is to ____ more people to visit its country at the turn of the century.A. induceB. respectC. reduceD. arouse24. The workers strongly ____ their factory director for neglect of duty.A. indicatedB. demonstratedC. announcedD. denounced25. Having shut himself in his study for a while, he went to a movie to ____ his mind from his worries.A. relaxB. extractC. attractD. distractPART III. CLOZEDirections: In this part of the test, you’ll read an incomplete passage with10blanks. Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer from choices marked A, B, C and D. Then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.Today it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the automobile move American through work and pay: wheels _31_, and people drive off to their jobs; _32_ turn, and people shop for the week’s food at the big supermarket down the highway; hubcaps whirl, _33_ the whole family spends a day at the lake. Each year more wheels crowd the highways as 10 million new cars roll out of the factories. _34_ every six Americans works at assembling cars, driving trucks, _35_ roads, or pumping gas. America without cars? It’s _36_.But even though the majority of Americans would find _37_ to imagine what life would be like without a car, _38_ have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are _39_ by traffic congestion. Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine _40_hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one _41_ of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gases ar e poisonous and dangerous to one’s health, especially for someone with a _42_ heart or a respiratory disease.One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that _43_ pollute. That’s what several major automobile manufacturers are trying to do.But building a clean car is _44_ said than done. So far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume altogether by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and _45_. But most of us won’t be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam.31. A. move B. movingC. spinD. spinning32. A. Cars B. WorkersC. PeopleD. Tires33. A. so B. butC. andD. as34. A. Almost B. AmongC. One inD. One out35. A. build B. builtC. to buildD. building36. A. unthinkable B. possibleC. predictableD. uncertain37. A. hard B. it hardC. possibleD. it possible38. A. some B. fewC. expertsD. car makers39. A. embarrassed B. plaguedC. panickedD. paralyzed40. A. turns B. firesC. burnsD. purchases41. A. type B. resourceC. wayD. source42. A. weak B. kindC. strongD. quick43. A. does not B. preventsC. reducesD. preserves44. A. often B. easierC. hardlyD. no more45. A. gas B. electricityC. turbineD. waterPART IV READING COMPREHENSIONPassage 1In April 1865, when John Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre, the curtain finally fell on a play that had begun almost as soon as the American colonies gained their independence from England. In 1776, America’s Declaration of Independence declared that ―all men are created equal‖; 44 years later we were wrestling with a question: how can a nation founded on the idea of individual freedom reconcile itself with the existence of human slavery?In 1819, 22 states were in the Union, 11 Free, 11 Slave. The South’s econom y was based on the growing of cotton, and cotton was profitable only on the back s of slaves. As new states were admitted to the Union, the South wanted as many as possible to be slave states, not only to support their economy, but to prevent the North from obtaining a majority in Congress and quite possibly changing the Constitution to outlaw slavery completely. The issue came to a head when Missouri applied to be admitted as a slave state. Thomas Jefferson called the debate that began with Missouri ―like a fireball in the night, which awakened me and filled me with terror. I considered it at once the knell (丧钟) of the nation.‖War was avoided this time as compromise was reached and Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. Maine, the next state admitted to the Union, would be admitted as free, thereby preserving the balance of power in the Congress.By1860，when the new Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, compromise would no longer work. Lincoln wanted to contain the spread of slavery. With Lincoln’s election in November of that year, the South felt that it was only a matter of time before the Southern States lost their slim Democratic Party majority to those who wished to abolish slavery. It was in this same year that John Wilkes Booth said that ―So deep is my hatred for such men that I wish I had them in my grasp and I the pow er to crush.‖Equally passionate, Lincoln held that America was the ―Last Best Hope on Earth‖ for freedom. The United States was unique in the family of nations. Of all the nations in the world, only America was governed by her people. Kings, Queens, Princes or Emperors ruled all the oldcountries, where rights held by the government and given to the people. In America, rights were held by the people and given to the government. The irony was that the Old World had done away with slavery decades before, yet here the United State, beacon of Freedom – had human bondage (奴役). Lincoln said it himself, ―the nation cannot exist half-slave and half-free, it must be all of one thing or all of the other.‖46. We learn from the first paragraph that ________ .A. the seeds of the American Civil War were sown when the nation was founded.B. John Wilkes Booth had plotted to kill Lincoln from the moment America gained itsindependenceC. all men in America obtained equal rights with the Declaration of IndependenceD. John Wilkes Booth sh ot Lincoln at the end of a performance in Ford’s Theatre.47. The fundamental conflict between the Union and the South lies in _________ .A. religious faithsB. political beliefsC. economic interestsD. geographic differences48. It can be inferred from the context of Para. 4 that ________ .A. John Wilkes Booth was one of the firebrands of the southB. the Democratic Party was strongly opposed to slaveryC. with the election of Lincoln the South lost its majority in CongressD. the Civil War could have been avoided if Lincoln had not won the election49. What did Lincoln wish to do when he became President of the United States?A. Make compromises.B. Prevent the spread of slavery.C. Strike a balance.D. Get prepared for war.50. In what way was America unique in the family of nations?A. It was the only nation that allowed the existence of slavery.B. It was the only nation that existed half-slave and half-free.C. It was the only nation whose government gave rights to the people.D. It was the only nation whose government was elected by the people.Passage 2Back in 1986, Noble Prize winner David Baltimore authored a paper that said that inserting a special mouse gene into a certain strain of mice caused changes in the host mouse’s antibodies – a finding that promised to be significant for genetic modification of the immune system.A postdoctoral researcher in the lab, Margot O’Toole, found she was unable to reproduce some of the reported results in her own experimental mice. Her attempts to resolve the problem with her immediate boss, Dr. Thereza Imanishi-Kari, led O’Toole to suspect defects or errors in the original research and she made her suspicions public.One thing led to another, and in time, O’Toole found herself in touc h with two researchers at the National Institutes of Health (N.I.H.) Ned Feder and Walter Stewart, who had risen to public prominence in the mid-1980s as fraud-busters. These self-appointed watchdogs took up her cause with eagerness, and the nature of her complaints began to shift from claims of shoddiness toaccusations of dishonesty and cover-up.Against a background of public anxiety about fraud in science, the case came before an N.I.H. scientific panel. The press began to portray （描绘）the idealistic O’Toole as a martyr sacrificed by her scientific seniors: it was said, wrongly, that she had lost her job and her home, and had been cold-shouldered by the establishment. The cover letter to a draft report from the N.I.H. committee said Imanishi-Kari was guilty of ―serious scientific misconduct‖ and accused Baltimore of a cover-up. The fact that he had stuck by his co-workers was read as proof of his arrogance and irritation at having his own authority challenged.The crucial time came in 1989 when Representative John Dingell pressed a series of Congressional hearings. A man dedicated to rooting out the misuse of Federal funding, not least by unaccountable scientists, he was handed a gift on a plate when Baltimore lost his cool under questioning, alleging that the investigation represented a threat to scientific freedom and implying that none but scientists had the right to monitor themselves, because they alone could understand how science works. Dingell then launched a humiliation exercise. He brought Secret Service to examine Imanishi-Kari’s lab notebooks in hopes of uncovering after-the-event tampering. The affair took on the air of a scientific Watergate, and science itself seemed to be on trial.This could not have come at a worse moment for Baltimore: he had just taken up a highly prestigious appointment as president of Rockefeller University. A whispering campaign, probably involving jealousies, forced Baltimore’s resignation after just 18 months.If the rise and fall of Baltimore seemed to unfold with all the inevitability of a Greek tragedy, there was, after a fashion, a happy ending. Eventually the pendulum (钟摆) of opinion started to swing. Dingell began to be represented as a latter-day Joseph McCarthy. Imanishi-Kari and Baltimore assumed O’Toole’s role of victim, seen as the targets of a new ―Galileo trial‖ or a witch hunt being carried out by the ―science police.‖ When Imanishi-Kari appealed against the findings, a further scientific review board was convened, and she was officially exonerated of (排除…嫌疑) fabrication. She got tenure, and in 1997 Baltimore, no longer typed as a conceited bigmouth but praised for his loyalty, was appointed president of the California Institute of Technology.51. The story took place when ________ .A. fraud in science was becoming a public concernB. Baltimore’s honesty as a scientist was being questionedC. there was a growing awareness of the misuse of Federal fundsD. genetic modification food seemed feasible52. In this story, O’Toole played the role of ________ .A. a victim of the witch hunt carried out by Representative John DingellB. an involuntary accomplice （同犯，帮凶）unfairly used by the science policeC. an honest researcher who dared to challenge a Nobel Prize winnerD. a martyr sacrificed by the scientific establishment53. What was the fatal mistake Baltimore made?A. He questioned the right of Congressmen to investigate the case.B. He stood by Imanishi-Kari and tried to cover up her misconduct.C. He played into his opponents’ hands when he gave O’Toole the cold shoulder.D. He lost his cool and got irritated when his authority was challenged.54. Judging from the context, Joseph McCarthy was very probably a person who ________ .A. was notorious for starting the investigation of Galileo’s caseB. was a famous character in a Greek tragedy about a witch huntC. used unsupported accusations to obtain his own purposesD. was a man who was suspicious of new scientific discoveries55. It can be inferred from this passage that ________ .A. science police plays an important role in eradicating fraud in scienceB. scientists run great risks in advancing new theories about natureC. politicians have got no right to monitor the work of scientistsD. it is sometimes difficult to tell truth from falsehood in sciencePART V TRANSLATIONSection ADirections: Read the following passage in English carefully and translate it into Chinese in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.Online FriendshipIn so many ways, cyberspace mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love. Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person’s thoughts—or at least the thoughts they type—are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat room star. Usually, this ―faceless‖ communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasi s on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They’re looking for serious love relationships. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Section BDirections: Read the following passage in Chinese carefully and translate it into English in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.英语的重要性世界上有数千种语言，英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。

目　录2011年天津大学机械原理与机械设计考研真题（回忆版）2009年天津大学803机械原理与机械设计考研真题2008年天津大学803机械原理与机械设计考研真题（部分）2007年天津大学403机械原理与机械设计考研真题2006年天津大学403机械原理与机械设计考研真题2005年天津大学423机械原理及机械设计考研真题2004年天津大学423机械原理及机械设计考研真题2003年天津大学423机械原理及机械零件考研真题版）f选择题较基础*较全ifh天大的资料、及历年真题中有部分喊题。

今年的选抒题.仙比较「aM图解法在F1处时，ABCD四杆机构处］•四点位置,DEF处「最小传动他.在F2时, A BCD四杆机构处于最小佳动角。

用图解法求DE、EF的长（12分）（图解法）一三、成粒仲劾类型.变位内轮，轮系*X=（17-Z）/I7,此题较简虬1叫、求凸轮反行程EI锁时.臭抡旋转角范围g图解法（1。

分）求自ih 度个虚:约束）。

还有几问比较难’H7分｝六、求2、5的加 L 、A 4的年闻力，弯曲圈力的r匕求螺什最大迎切力.：较筒粘八、齿轮设计幽,.n接套聪中的公式，很简单兀、求制砌矩I.轴的改错，较筒单2009年天津大学803机械原理与机械设计考研真题考试甜旦代码：踱3试耕盲名称：机械原理与机械送衬W 入于伸修4U3十次二十・4朴I E 工八十为凶紊荃程必须与在答巍纸上，井写沱楚尊弓，答武哥在试卷K 无效,{C)不一定是一'单痕迷择^ 口。

小题，答小霆W 分，共4。

分) 圆枫破\.由对心曲松沿块挝拘的讯姑余杭通度国可做,吉潜坎姓P 极跟位置附，一_ 为■；； .(A)网精转速 (p 在杆加志坦 (C)清块上一点的域速度2机构自辕主妾是由于—的夺在漪产生的，有a 恭(A)驱幼力 (B)生产阻力 (C ；摩擦力 (D)攒性力2 .仅含一对噌舍齿抡的齿轮机梅临__Q 个速度瞬心，以相对瞬心的数目为(A)3： 2 '^?(B)2； 1 ■> (C)3： 1 JO) 2： 2 I 4一周转轮麝中.与某行星轮相啮合的齿皑_____ 牛心轮，至女(A) 一定是 (B)—定不是5.在选择凸艳机构的从泌运动狙律时，一段应根/工作要求若虑_.(A)运劫学 (B)动为陆性―—因吏舞"(C)运劾学和场方特姓 (D)舀轮瓣 , g .螺冶■平面刖尊辱引机曲时•位移西亲方程因―。

2007年天津大学材料加工基础考研真题（回忆版）
间隙相与间隙固溶体之间的区别
1，分析题：固溶体的不平衡结晶过程
2，概念
伪共晶；变形织构；加工硬化；残余奥氏体；攀移；再结晶；带状组织；魏氏组织；奥氏体晶粒度；过冷奥氏体；马氏体转变；临界冷却速度
3，热处理通常是由（）、（）和（）三个阶段组成的。

钢的率透性碳当量
4，简答
1.珠光体、马氏体‘贝氏体的共同点和不同点
2.Fe3CⅠ‘Fe3CⅡ、Fe3CⅢ概念形状
3.钢中各种杂质元素对其性能的影响
4.固溶强化的原因
5.再结晶与重结晶的异同点
6.扩散定律
7.奥氏体粒度‘起始晶粒度和本质晶粒度
8.影响奥氏体晶粒大小的因素
9.TTT图
10.马氏体的形成条件
11.屈氏体与回火屈氏体，索氏体与回火索氏体的区别
12.常用的淬火介质
1 / 1。

天津大学研究生院2007年招收研究生入学试题考试科目名称：宏微观经济学题号：431一.选择题（每题2分，本小题共30分）1.市场失灵的主要表现在（）A.外部性形成不正确的产出和价格；B.垄断造成效率的降低；C.市场机制无法有效提供公共物品；D.难以克服的经济波动。

2．准公共物品所具有的特点是（）A.竞争性和非排他性；B.非竞争性和非排他性；C.竞争性和排他性；D.非竞争性和排他性。

3．某造纸厂生产过程排放大量污水，这意味着该厂商的（）A.私人成本小于社会成本；B.私人成本大于社会成本；C.厂商收益小于社会收益；D.厂商收益大于社会收益。

4．在短期内，垄断厂商的决策原则是（）A.P=MC；B.MR=MC；C.P=MR；D.AR=MR。

5．一般来说，下列行业中具有垄断性质的有（）A.邮政业务；B.医疗卫生服务；C.城市自来水；D.城市煤气供给。

6．当完全竞争厂商实现短期均衡时，厂商（）A.获得超额利润；B.获得正常利润；C.出现亏损；D.前面各项都有可能。

7．关于竞争厂商的停止营业点可以表述为（）A.厂商AC曲线的最低点；B.使厂商亏掉FC的价格水平；C.厂商AVC曲线的最低点；D.使厂商亏掉VC的价格水平。

8．以下关于企业与市场的描述中，错误的描述是（）A.企业的显著标志在于它是价格机制的替代物；B.在企业内部，资源的配置是由价格机制来调节；C.交易成本是为达成协议或完成交易需耗费的经济资源；D.企业和市场都是资源配置的手段，并可以互相替代。

9．关于TP、AP、MP之间的关系，正确的表述是（）A.当TP增大时，AP也增大；B.MP递增时，AP<MP；C.AP达到最大时，TP最大；D.AP曲线在和MP曲线相交时达到最大。

10．同一条无差异曲线上的不同点表示为（）。

天津大学招收2011年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目名称：自动控制理论考试科目代码：812所有答案必须写在试卷纸上，并写清楚题号，答案写在试题上无效。

提示：本套考卷的部分试题对于学术型硕士研究生考生和全日制专业学位硕士研究生考生有所区别，前面未标注的试题为所有考生必答题，前面有标注的试题请考生务必选择相应类型试题作答，选错不得分。

一、(25分)某直流电机电枢电压输入uα与转角输出θm间满足的微分方程为（１）给出从电枢电压uα到电机转速间的传递函数，给出从电枢电压uα到电机转角θm间的传递函数，求时电机转速的稳态值。

（２）引入反馈控制式中为θr转角的给定值，求系统的闭环传递函数。

（３）为使闭环系统的超调量为16%，试确定K的取值，问此时系统的调节时间？二．（25分）已知被控对象由下列三个传递函数顺序串联而成(1)试将G1（S）、G2（S）、G3（S）的输出依次取状态变量X1、X2、X3，列写被控对象的状态方程描述。

(2)设计状态反馈矩阵K T=[k1,k2,k3],使系统的闭环极点为-3，-2±j2。

三．（25分）某单位反馈系统被控对象的传递函数为调节器的传递函数为（1）试绘制系统kp 从0到＋∞、Ti从0到4两参数变化的根轨迹簇（具体绘图时取T=0.25、0.5、1、2、4）。

（2）根据根轨迹图，分别讨论kp 变化时、Ti变化时对系统闭环极点阻尼比和自然振荡频率的影响。

（3）谈论kp Ti=1、Ti变化时闭环系统的动态响应特性。

四．（25分）某单位反馈系统校正前的开环传递函数为要求校正后系统的加速度误差系数K a=31.6，系统开环传递函数中频段的斜率为-20dB /dec,函数穿越频率10rad/s，高频段的斜率为-40db/dec，且对频率为100rad/s的测量噪声扰动信号有-30dB的衰减。

（1）绘制希望的对数幅频特性曲线。

（2）给出校正装置的传递函数，它是一种什么校正装置？（3）计算校正前和校正后的系统相角裕度，定性说明系统的静态特性、稳定性和快速性的变化。

天津大学招收2007年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题一、选择题（每小题2分，共30分）1．成本推进通货膨胀形成的原因包括ABCDA，工资推进通货膨胀：B．出口性通货膨胀；C．利润推进通货膨胀i D．进口性通货膨胀。

2．经济周期的四个阶段依次是 AA．繁荣、衰退、萧条、复苏B．繁荣、萧条、衰退、复苏；C．繁荣、复苏、萧条、衰退D．繁荣、复苏、衰退、萧条。

3．斯蒂格利茨认为评价税收制度是否健全的标准包括ABCDA．公平；B．效率；C．管理便捷；D．灵活性和透明度。

4．当银行的法定准备率为20%，客户存入1000万，则银行存款总额为 BA. 4000万；B．5000万C．8000万D．2000万5．市场失灵的主要表现在ABCDA．外部性形成不正确的产出和价格B：垄断造成效率的降低：C．市场机制无法有效提供公共物品D。

难以克服的经济波动。

6.准公共物品所具有的特点是 DA．竞争性和非排他性；B．非竞争性和非排他性；C．竞争性和排饨性；D．非竞争性和排他性。

7. 某造纸厂生产迂程排放大量污水，这意味着该厂商的ADA．私人成本小于社会成本；B．私人成本大于社会成本：C，厂商收益小于社会收益；D．厂商收益大于社会收益。

8．在短期内，垄断厂商的决策原则是 BA.P= MCB.MR=MC;C.P= MR;D.AR=MR.9.一般来说，下列行业中具有垄断性质的有ACDA．邮政业务；B．医疗卫生服务；C．城市自来水：D．城市煤气供给。

10．当完全竞争厂商实现短期均衡时，厂商 DA．获得超额利润；B．获得正常利润；C．出现亏损；D．前面各项都有可能。

11.关于竞争厂商的停止营业点可以表述为BCA．厂商AC曲线的最低点；B．使厂商亏掉FC的价格水平C．厂商A VC曲线的最低点；D．使厂商亏掉VC的价格水平。

12.以下关于企业与市场的描述中，错误的描述是 BA．企业的显著标志在于它是价格机制的替代物：B．在企业内部．资源的配置是由价格机制来调节；C．交易成本是为达成协议或完成交易需耗费的经济资源；D．企业和市场都是资源配置的手段，并可以互相替代。