WCDMA BTS Unit Overview
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一、前言与目前的手机系统GSM/GPRS比较起来,第三代无线通信系统的出现,将会带来更高的无线频宽与丰富的多媒体应用技术,在第三代无线通信系统中使用者在静止时可以提供2Mbit/sec的频宽,低速移动时可以提供384Kbits/sec的频宽,而在高速移动时则提供144Kbits/sec的频宽。
以这样的频宽来说,不只足以满足许多人对于语音传递的需求,甚至是各式各样的网络服务,都有极大的潜力无时无刻出现在使用者手机中。
第三代无线通信所包含的层面相当广泛,其中包括所会用到的技术以及在商业化过程中所面临的问题,如果以目前的架构来看,我们可以把整个系统大概分为一下五个部分:▪核心网络(Core Network)▪GSM、GPRS无线通信网络(GSM、GPRS Radio Access Network)▪WCDMA/UMTS无线通信网络(WCDMA/UMTS Radio Access Network)▪服务机制与安全(Service and Security)▪手持装置(Terminal Equipment)其中,核心网络所指的就是各系统业者用来连接各无线基地台与后端大众电话网络(PSTN)或是其他资料网络的Intranet。
通过核心网系统业者可以让手机用户的语音资料,经由业者的核心网络传递到目前通信的目的端。
因此在核心网的架构中,除了包含语音媒体资料的转换外,还包括了记录使用者资讯与计费机制的系统。
笔者认为,了解一个无线通信系统最好的方式就是由核心网着手。
因为如果一旦确实了解使用者的语音或是数据资料,是如何通过核心网来传送与处理的话,那整个系统的雏形将会很自然的在脑海中产生,进一步的再由无线通信的协议与界面来着手,在这样的学习过程中,可以在建立一个对系统的轮廓后,再逐一的把各个细节探讨完整,相信这将会是对初学无线通信的读者来说,最好的一个学习道路。
而GSM/GPRS与WCDMA/UMTS的无线通信网络,所指的就是手机与基地台间的无线通信界面与机制,这也是在认识无线通信系统中相当重要的一环。
目录A (3)B (5)C (6)D (8)E (9)F (10)G (10)H (11)I (12)J (13)K (13)L (13)M (14)N (15)O (16)P (16)Q (18)R (19)S (20)T (22)U (23)V (24)W (24)X (25)Y (25)Z (25)WCDMA术语2G:2nd Generation Mobile Communications System 第二代移动通信系统3G,3GMS:3rd Generation Mobile Communications System 第三代移动通信系统3GPP:3rd Generation Partnership Project 第三代合作组织AAAA:Authentication, Authorization, Accounting 鉴权、授权、计费AAL1:ATM Adaptation Layer type 1 ATM适配层类型1AAL2:ATM Adaptation Layer type 2 ATM适配层类型2AAL5:ATM Adaptation Layer type 5 ATM适配层类型5ABR:Available Bit Rate 可用比特率AC:Access Condition接入条件ACCH:Associated Control Channel随路控制信道ACIR:Adjacent Channel Interference Ratio相邻信道干扰比ACK:Acknowledgement应答ACL:Access Control List 访问控制列表ACLR:Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio相邻信道泄漏功率比ACS:Adjacent Channel Selectivity相邻信道选择性ADF:Application Dedicated File应用专用文件ADM:Access condition to an EF which is under the control of the authority which creates this file创建EF的专家控制下的EF的接入条件AND:Abbreviated Dialling Numbers按字母顺序排列的电话号码薄ADT:Adaptive Dynamic Threshold 自适应动态阀值AG:Access Gateway 接入网关AI:Acquisition Indicatior 捕获指示AICH:Acquisition Indication Channel 捕获指示信道AID:Application IDentifier应用标识符AIUR:Air Interface User Rate空中接口用户速率AK:Anonymity key匿名密钥ALCAP:Access Link Control Application Protocol接入链路控制应用协议ALW:ALWays一直AM:Account Management 计费管理AM:Acknowledged Mode 确认模式AMF:Authentication Management Field鉴权管理域AMR:Adaptive MultiRate 自适应多速率AN:Access Network接入网络ANSI:American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准组织AP:Access Point 接入点AP:Access Preamble 接入前导APDU:Application Protocol Data Unit应用协议数据单元API:Application Programming Interface应用程序接口APN:Access Point Name 接入点名称ARP:Address Resolution Protocol 地址解析协议ARQ:Automatic Repeat Request 自动重发请求AS:Application Server 应用服务器AS:Access Stratum 接入层ASC:Access Service Class 接入服务类ASCII:American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准码ASF:Application Server Function 应用服务器功能ASIC:Application Specific Integrated Circuit 专用集成电路ASN.1:Abstract Syntax Notation One 抽象语法编码1ASP:Application Server Process 应用服务器进程ASP:Access Service Provider 接入服务提供商ATM:Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式AuC:Authentication Center 鉴权中心AUTN:Authentication token鉴权令牌AWGN:Additive White Gaussian Noise加性高斯白噪声BB-ISDN:Broadband ISDN宽带ISDNBAIC:Barring of All Incoming Calls 限制所有入呼叫BAIC-Roam:Barring of All Incoming Calls when Roaming outside the home PLMN country 当漫游出归属PLMN国家后,限制入呼叫BAOC:Barring of All Outgoing Calls 限制所有出局呼叫BAS:Broadband Access Server 宽带接入服务器BC:Billing Center 计费中心BCCH:Broadcast Control Channel 广播控制信道BCFE:Broadcast Control Functional Entity广播控制功能实体BCH:Broadcast Channel 广播信道BER:Bit Error Rate 误比特率BGP:Border Gateway Protocol 边界网关协议BHCA:Busy Hour Calling Attempt 忙时试呼次数BICC:Bearer Independent Call Control 承载无关呼叫控制BID :Binding Identity捆绑标识BIOS:Basic Input Output System 基本输入输出系统BITS:Building Integrated Timing Supply System 通信楼综合定时供给系统BLER:Block Error Rate 误块率BMC:Broadcast/Multicast Control 广播/组播控制BOIC:Barring of Outgoing International Calls supplementary service 禁止国际出局呼叫补充业务BOIC-exHC:Barring of Outgoing International Calls except those directed to the Home PLMN Country 限制所有除归属国外的国际出局呼叫BOM:Bill of Material 物料清单BPSK:Binary Phase Shift Keying二进制移相键控BS:Billing System 计费系统BSC:Base Station Controller 基站控制器BSS:Base Station Subsystem 基站子系统BSSAP:Base Station Subsystem Application Part 基站子系统应用部分BTS:Base Transceiver Station 基站收发信台BWT:Block Waiting Time块等待时间CC-APDU:Command APDU命令APDUC-RNTI:Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity小区无线网络临时识别符C-TPDU:Command TPDU命令TPDUCA:Capacity Allocation 容量分配CAA:Capacity Allocation Acknowledgement 容量分配确认CAMEL:Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic 移动网络增强逻辑的客户化应用CAP:CAMEL Application Part CAMEL应用部分CAR:Committed Access Rate 约定访问速度CBR:Constant Bit Rate 恒定比特率CBS:Cell Broadcast Service小区广播业务CC:Call Control 呼叫控制CCBS:Completion of Calls to Busy Subscriber呼叫忙用户的完成CCCH:Common Control Channel 公共控制信道CCF:Conditional Call Forwarding 条件呼叫前转CCF:Call Control Function 呼叫控制功能CCH:Control Channel 控制信道CCM:Certificate Configuration Message授权配置消息CCPCH:Common Control Physical Channel 公共控制物理信道CCTrCH:Coded Composite Transport Channel 编码合成传输信道CD:Collision Detection 碰撞检测CD:Capacity Deallocation 容量释放CDA:Capacity Deallocation Acknowledgement 容量释放确认CDMA:Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址接入CDR:Call Detail Record 呼叫详细记录CDV:Cell Delay V ariation 信元时延抖动CDVT:Cell Delay Variation Tolerance 信元时延抖动容限CFB:Call Forwarding on mobile subscriber Busy 遇忙前转CFN:Connection Frame Number连接帧号CFNRc:Call Forwarding on mobile subscriber Not Reachable 不可及前转CFNRy:Call Forwarding on No Reply 无应答呼叫前转CFU:Call Forwarding Unconditional 无条件呼叫前转CG:Charging Gateway 计费网关CGF:Charging Gateway Functionality 计费网关实体CLR:Cell Loss Rate 信元丢失率CLIP:Calling Line Identification Presentation supplementary service 主叫识别提供补充业务CLIR:Calling Line Identification Restriction supplementary service 主叫识别限制补充业务CM:Configuration Management 配置管理CM:Connection Management 连接管理CMM:Capability Mature Model 能力成熟度模型CN:Core Network 核心网络CNAP:Calling Name Presentation主叫号码显示CNL:Co-operative Network List合作操作网络表CoLI:Connected Line Identity 被叫识别CoLP:Connected Line identification Presentation supplementary service 被叫识别提供补充业务CoLR:COnnected Line identification Restriction supplementary service 被叫识别限制补充业务CORBA:Common Object Request Broker Architecture 公用对象请求代理程序体系结构CPCH:Common Packet Channel 公共分组信道CPCS:Common Part Convergence Sublayer公共聚合子层部分CPICH:Common Pilot Channel 公共导频信道CPLD:Complex Programmable Logical Device 可编程逻辑器件CPS:Common Part Sublayer公共子层部分CPU:Central Processing Unit 中央处理器CRC:Cyclic Redundancy Code 循环冗余码CRC:Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验CRNC:Controlling Radio Network Controller主控无线器CS:Circuit Switch 电路交换域CSCF:Call Session Control Function呼叫会话控制功能CSE:Camel Service Environment CAMEL服务环境CSI:CAMEL Subscription Information CAMEL用户签约信息CTCH:Common Traffic Channel 公共业务信道CTDMA:Code Time Division Multiple Access 码分-时分多址CUG:Closed User Group 闭合用户群CW:Call Waiting 呼叫等待(补充业务)DDC:Dedicated Control (SAP) 专用控制(SAP)DCA:Dynamic Channel Allocation 动态信道分配DCFE:Dedicated Control Functional Entity 专用控制功能实体DCCH:Dedicated Control Channel 专用控制信道DCH:Dedicated Channel 专用信道DDN:Defense Data Service 防卫数据网DL:Downlink (Forward link) 下行链路(前向链路)DNS:Domain Name Server 域名服务器DPC:Destination Point Code 目的地信令点编码DPCCH:Dedicated Physical Control Channel 专用物理控制信道DPCH:Dedicated Physical Channel 专用物理信道DPDCH:Dedicated Physical Data Channel 专用物理数据信道DoS:Denial of Service 拒绝服务DRAC:Dynamic Resource Allocation Control 动态资源分配控制DRNC:Drift Radio Network Controller 漂移无线网络控制器DRNS:Drift RNS 漂移RNSDRX:Discontinuous Reception 非连续接收DSCH:Downlink Shared Channel 下行共享信道DS-CDMA:Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access 直接序列码分多址DSP:Data Signal Processor 数字信号处理器DSS1:Digital Subscriber Signaling No.1 1号数字用户信令(协议)DTCH:Dedicated Traffic Channel 专用业务信道DTMF:Dual Tone Multiple Frequency 双音多频DTX:Discontinuous Transmission 非连续发送EEACL:Expand ACL 扩展ACLEC:Echo Cancellation 回声消除Ec/No:Received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band 每码片接收能量/ 功率密度EIR:Equipment Identity Register 设备识别寄存器EMC:Electro Magnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容性EMS:Element Management System 网元管理系统ETSI:European Telecommunications Standards Institute 欧洲电信标准组织FFA:Foreign Agent 外部代理FACH:Forward Access Channel 前向接入信道FAUSCH:Fast Uplink Signaling Channel 快速上行信令信道FBI:Feedback Information 反馈信息FCS:Fame Check Sequence 帧检测序列FDD:Frequency Division Duplex 频分双工FDDI:Fiber Distributed Digital Interface 光纤分布式数字接口FDMA:Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址FE:Fast Ethernet 快速以太网FEC:Forward Error Correction 前向纠错FER:Frame Error Rate 误帧率FFS:For Further Study 有待下一步研究FM:Fault Management 故障管理FPGA:Field Programmable Gate Array 现场可编程门阵列FPLMTS:Future Public Land Mobile Telephone System 未来陆地移动电话系统FR:Frame Relay 帧中继FTAM:File Transfer, Access and Management 文件传输、存取(访问)与管理FTAM:File Transfer Access and Management 文件传输接入与管理FTP:File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议GGC:General Control (SAP) 通用控制(SAP)G-CDR:GGSN-CDR GGSN产生的有关PDP context的计费数据记录GE:Gigabit Ethernet 千兆以太网GF:Galois Field 伽罗华域GGSN:Gateway GPRS Support Node 网关GPRS支持节点GMLC:Gateway Mobile Location Center 网关移动位置中心GMM:GPRS Mobility Management GPRS移动性管理GMSC:Gateway Mobile-services Switching Center 网关移动业务交换中心GMT:Greenwich Mean Time 格林尼治标准时间GP:Guard Period 保护周期GPRS:General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线业务GPS:Global Position System 全球定位系统GRE:Generic Routing Encapsulation 通用路由封装GSM,GSM900,GSM1800:Global System for Mobile communications 全球移动通信系统,900MHz的GSM系统,1800MHz的GSM系统GSN:GPRS Support Node GPRS支持节点GSPU:GGSN Signaling Process Unit GGSN信令处理单元GT:Global Title 全球寻址码GTP:GPRS Tunneling Protocol GPRS隧道协议GTP-C:GPRS Tunneling Protocol for control plane GPRS隧道协议控制面GTP-U:User plane of GPRS Tunneling Protocol GPRS隧道协议用户面GUI:Graphic User Interface 图形用户界面GW:GateWay 网关HH.248:H.248/Megaco protocol H.248媒体网关控制协议HCS:Hierarchical Cell Structure 层次蜂窝结构HDLC:High Data Link Control 高速数据链路规程HLR:Home Location Register 归属位置寄存器HO:Handover 切换HOLD:Call Hold 呼叫保持HPLMN:Home PLMN 归属PLMNHTTP:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议HW:High Way 高速信号线IICMP:Internet Control Message Protocol 因特网控制报文协议ICP:Internet Content Provider 互联网内容提供商IDE:Integrated Device Electronics 集成设备电路IDP:Intercept Data Product 监听数据包IEC:International Electrotechnical Commission 国际电工委员会IETF:Internet Engineering Task Force 互联网工程任务组iGWB:iGateway Bill 计费网关IMA:Inverse Multiplexing on ATM ATM反向复用IMEI:International Mobile station Equipment Identity 国际移动终端设备标识IMSI:International Mobile Subscriber Identity 国际移动用户标识IMT-2000:International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 国际移动通信系统2000 IN:Intelligent Network 智能网IP:Internet Protocol 互联网协议IPBCP:IP Bearer Control Protocol IP承载控制协议IPCP:IP Control Plane IP控制面IPOA:IP Over ATM ATM承载IPIRI:Intercept Related Information 监听相关信息ISCP:Interference on Signal Code Power 信号码功率干扰ISCP:Interference Signal Code Power 干扰信号码功率ISDN:Integrated Services Digital Network 综合业务数字网IS-IS:Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System 中间系统到中间系统路由协议ISP:Internet Service Provider 互联网业务提供商ISUP:ISDN User Part (of signalling system No.7) (七号信令之)ISDN用户部分ITU:International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟(国际电联)ITU-T:ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector ITU电信标准化组(部)JD:Joint Detection 联合检测JTAG:Joint Test Action Group 联合测试行动小组KKbps:kilo-bits per second 千比特/秒LL1:Layer 1 (physical layer) 第一层(物理层)L2:Layer 2 (data link layer) 第二层(数据链路层)L3:Layer 3 (network layer) 第三层(网络层)LAC:Link Access Control 链路接入控制LAI:Location Area Identity 位置区域识别LAN:Local Area Network 局域网LCD:Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器LCS:Location Services 位置业务LDAP:Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 轻量级目录访问协议。
基站故障BTS internal SW management problemBaseband Bus failureFailure in optical RP3 interfaceNo connection to Flexi transport submoduleSystem Module failureTemperature alarm重要7651BASE STATION OPERATION DEGRADE BTS RNC/I-HSPA interface signalling link failure 基站性能下降BTS internal SW management problemBTS reference clock missingBaseband Bus failureCommissioning parameter mismatchFailure in optical RP3 interfaceIncompatible SW version detectedSystem Module failure次要7652BASE STATION NOTIFICATION autonomous reset as recovery action基站提示Antenna Line Device failureBTS reference clock missingBTS time not correctedBaseband Bus failureFailure in optical RP3 interfaceFan failure紧急7653CELL FAULTY Antenna Line Device failure小区故障(退服)BTS internal SW management problemBaseband Bus failureFailure in optical RP3 interfaceIncompatible SW version detectedRF Module failureTemperature alarmVSWR alarm重要7654CELL OPERATION DEGRADED Antenna Line Device failure小区性能下降Antenna Line failureBTS internal SW management problemBaseband Bus failureFailure in optical RP3 interfaceIncompatible SW version detectedRF Module failureRx signal level failureTemperature alarmVSWR alarm次要7655CELL NOTIFICATION Antenna Line Device Operation FailureAntenna Line Device failureBaseband Bus failureHSUPA capacity decreasedIncompatible SW version detected紧急7660BASE STATION LICENCE EXPIRED NONE次要7661BASE STATION LICENCE NOTIFICATIO H W capacity too low for feature <licenceCode>,Licence missing <licenceCode>, <licenceName>重要61151AIS on unit $U, interface $IF NONE重要61104EBER on unit $U, interface $IF NONE重要61500Five failed logins to FTM due to wronguser name or passwordNONE重要61171IMA link out of delay synchronizationon unit $U, interface $IFNONE重要61028LOF on unit $U, interface $IF NONE 重要61029LOS on unit $U, ethernet interface $IF NONE 重要61170Loss of IMA frame on unit $U, interface $IFNONE 重要61152RDI on unit $U, interface $IF NONE 重要7740BEATING WCDMA BTS ALARM NONE次要7750FAILURE IN WCDMA WBTS O&M CONNECTIONNONE重要7761RNW O&M SCENARIO FAILURE NONE 重要7762RNW DATABASE OPERATION FAILURE NONE 重要7771WCDMA CELL OUT OF USE NONE 重要7772HSDPA CONFIGURATION FAILED NONE次要7775INCONSISTENCY IN WCEL CONFIGURATION PARAMETERSNONE重要7776HSDPA FAILURE IN WCEL NONE重要7778WCDMA BTS DEDICATED MEASUREMENT FAILURENONE次要7779RECOVERY ACTIONS ONGOING NONE 重要7780HSUPA FAILURE IN WCEL NONE紧急7781NETWORK ELEMENTCONFIGURATION ERRORNONE重要7782HSUPA CONFIGURATION FAILED NONE重要7783IP BASED D-NBAP LINK FAILURE NONE 重要7784RECOVERY ACTION FAILURE NONE 重要3267AAL TYPE 2 CAC REJECTION LEVEL EXNONE 重要70162RAID ARRAY HAS BEEN DEGRADED NONE 重要70159MANAGED OBJECT FAILED NONE 重要70168CLUSTER STARTED (RESTARTED)NONE 重要2518NO VALID FALLBACK COPY FOR DEFAUNONE基站内部软件包管理问题 1.重启基站 2.更新基站软件包 3.更换故障模块基站基带连线故障 1.检查系统模块与射频模块的连线 2.重启基站 3.更换故障模块系统模块与射频模块之间按的接口故障此故障多发生于拉远小区,处理步骤:1.检查拉远小区的模块是否有电;2.检查系统模块与射频模块间的光路是否正常;3.更换损坏的光纤或者光电模块;4.重启基站;5.更换故障模块基站传输板连接中断 1.重启基站 2.更换故障传输板系统模块故障重启系统模块,如果不能恢复,则更换系统模块温度告警1.检查环境温度是否过高或过低 2.重启产生告警的模块 3.更换产生告警的模块BTS与RNC间的AAL2信令中断引发此告警的最常见原因是传输闪断,检查传输状况 基站内部软件包管理问题 1.重启基站 2.更新基站软件包 3.更换故障模块基站参考时钟丢失基站上一般设置第1&2条传输为时钟源,如果1&2条传输均断,则触发此告警。