外研版初二(下)英语第8讲：Module 4 语法篇(学生版)

Module 4语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.熟练掌握for，since在现在完成时中的应用2.掌握非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转化3.掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时（3）1. for，since在现在完成时中的应用在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for 或者since引导。

for后接一段时间，而since后多接时间点。

He has been away for two years. 他已离开两年了。

He has been an English teacher since last time. 自去年以来他一直是英语教师。

2. 非延续性动词(又叫短暂性动词、瞬间动词)与延续性动词之间的转化英语中的动词从动词延续性上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种，在现在完成时中一定要注意动词这一特征，在和表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。

I have had the book for two weeks.那本书我买了两个星期了。

My grandfather has been dead for two years.我的爷爷去世两年了。

1) 将短暂性动词转化为：be+形容词或副词The shop has opened for 6 hours.(错误)The shop has been open for 6 hours.(正确)2) 有些短暂性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词如：那本书我借了一个月了。

I have borrowed that book for one month. (错误)I have kept that book for one month. (正确)3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别两种时态除结构、句式和相搭配的时间状语都不同之外，最重要的就是意义不同。

虽然都发生在过去，但现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而一般过去时与现在没有任何关系，只是描述一个发生在过去的事实而已。

I have seen the film . 我看过这部电影。

（对现在的影响是我了解这部电影的内容）I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。

（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况）单项选择1.（2019重庆中考B卷）---Miss lin has taught us English we came to this school?A. forB. sinceC. beforeD. when2.（2019浙江杭州中考）I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.A. will beB. wasC. have beenD. would be3.（2019江苏南京第十八中学月考）Since 2019，Jingmen has become a new city . Everything.A. is changedB. was changedC. had changedD. has changed4.（2019云南昆明中考）--Long time no see!---Oh! It five years since we met last time.A. wasB. wereC. has beenD. have been5.（2019新疆乌鲁木齐中考）Mr. Brown his hometown since he the army .A. has left；joinedB. has been away from；has joinedC. has been away from；joinedD. left；joined6.（2019广东中考）Lei Feng for many years ，but his spirit is still encouraging us .A. diedB. has diedC. was deadD. has been dead基础演练一、选词填空(单句选词填空)1. We have learned five lessons (since/for) the beginning of this term.2. Mrs. Liao has been in hospital (since/for) last week.3. I have stayed at my aunt's (since/for) two weeks.4. Amy has had her favorite toy ( since/for) three years.5. I've had the bear (since/for) I was a baby.二、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)1. My uncle (teach) math since 1986.2. She (be) in hospital for two weeks.3. They ever (hear) of the singer.4. I (keep) the bike for one week.5. My parents (not come) back yet.巩固提高三、按要求转换句型1. The Greens have lived in Beijing since ten years ago. (对划线部分提问)the Greens in Beijing?2. I have had the bike for two years. (用since改为同义句)I have had the bike .3. I have had lunch at school. (对划线部分提问)you lunch?4. They got married three years ago. (改为同义句)They married for about three years.5. They came to this school in 2019. (改为同义句)They this school for two years.6. I have been ill for about three days. (对划线部分提问)you been ill?7. My headache started two days ago. (对划线部分提问)your headache ?四、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)1. 我买这辆自行车五年了。

I the bike five years.2. 你像现在这样多长时间了?How long you like this?3. ---你曾经过去科学博物馆吗？---是的，我去过。

---you ever a science museum?--- Yes，.4. 我们已经从我们的卧室里清扫出许多东西。

We out a lot of things from our bedrooms.5. 詹姆斯自从2019年就在北京做外教。

James a foreign teacher in Beijing 2019.6. 她还没有关掉那台电脑。

She the computer yet.7. 从那时起，王先生就一直在这个工厂工作。

，Mr. Wang has worked in this factory.一、单项选择1. --- How long have you had the bike?A. Two years agoB. For two years agoC. Since two years agoD. Since two years2. --- Jack，I haven't seen your uncle for a long time.--- He Shanghai on business for two months.A. went toB. has gone toC. has been inD. has been to3. Rose came to Beijing in 2019. She here for eight years.A. was livingB. liveC. will liveD. has lived4. --- We've lived here 2019.--- So you've lived here about five years.A. since；forB. for；sinceC. for；forD. since；since5. --- Oh，Jack，your MP4 looks nice. Is it new?--- No. I it since two years ago.A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought6. She this book for nearly three weeks.A. has borrowedB. has lentC. has boughtD. has kept7. --- Have you studied English for a long time?--- Yes，I have studied it .A. five years beforeB. five years agoC. for five yearsD. since five years8. ---you Jeremy Shu-How Lin?--- Yes. The once-nameless young man became a basketball hero suddenly.A. Did；hearB. Do；listen toC. Have；heard ofD. Have；listened to9. --- Would you like to watch the three-D film Titanic with me ?--- Certainly. I don't mind seeing it again although I it twice.A. sawB. was seenC. have seenD. had seen10. --- When did they arrive?--- They two hours ago. They here for two hours.A. arrived；have arrivedB. got；have beenC. arrived；have beenD. reached；have reached二、完形填空All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help people to keep 1 ，happy and to live2 . People play different games in winter and summer.3 is good for swimming. And in winter people often go skating. Some sports are very4 and people everywhere like them. For example，football is very popular. In China，most people，men，5 ，boys and girls，like to watch football games. They often talk about them.6 and jumping began long，long ago. But basketball and volleyball are rather 7 . People began to play them not long ago. And people are8 new sports or games all the time. Water skiing is one of 9 . People 10different countries may not be able to understand each other，but after a game they often become friends.1. A. health B. busy C. healthy D. lazy2. A. long B. longer C. happy D. happily3. A. Winter B. Summer C. Autumn D. Spring4. A. boring B. difficult C. expensive D. interesting5. A. woman B. women C. old D. young6. A. Run B. Runs C. Running D. To run7. A. new B. interesting C. popular D. old8. A. start B. play C. playing D. starting9. A. oldest B. newest C. the oldest D. the newest10. A. in B. of C. from D. at__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________阅读理解AWhen people go to the beach on vacation，many people like to eat seafood. But not everyone can enjoy it. Some people think seafood tastes great，but their bodies don't like it at all. When they eat it，their skin gets red and itchy(痒的). That's because they're allergic(过敏的) to seafood.When someone is allergic to a food，his body doesn't see that thing as a food. It sees it as an enemy and tries to fight it. It fights by making antibodies(抗体). Sometimes，when the body fights a food，it can make a person very sick.There are some ways to deal with food allergies. One is to stop eating the food that you're allergic to，but this may be hard. People are often allergic to very healthy foods，and it's hard to always avoid them.People can be allergic at different ages to different foods，like eggs，milk or peanuts(花生). If you think you might be allergic to a food，ask a doctor to have a look first.1. Some people cannot enjoy seafood，because .A. it doesn't taste goodB. it makes their skin hurtC. it gives them a headacheD. it makes them allergic2. What does the underlined word "enemy" mean in Chinese?A. 伙伴B. 支持者C. 敌人D. 病人3. According to paragraphs 3-4，which of the following is TRUE?A. A good way to deal with a food allergy is not to eat that food.B. Unhealthy foods often make people allergic.C. People with skin problems often get allergic.D. Food allergies often cause people to die.4. When a person is allergic to a food，.A. it can always make the person dieB. it can make the person very sickC. it can make the person very excitedD. it can make the person angry5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Old people often have food allergies.B. Some everyday foods make people allergic.C. Most people are allergic to the same food.D. Doctors must be able to treat food allergies successfully.BIs talking on a cell phone bad for your health? It is difficult to know for sure. Some research suggests that heavy users of cell phones are at a greater risk of developing brain diseases. However，many other studies suggest there isn't any relationship between cancer and cell phone use.In fact，cell phones have only been popular since 1990s. And doctors point out that many cancers take at least 10 years to develop. They take cigarettes for example. Many years ago，people smoked a lot and didn't know the bad effect on health. Today，we know that cigarettes cause lung cancer，though it is still unknown how or why. Medical experts fear that the same thing will happen with cell phones.Are cell phones dangerous? It's really hard to answer this question. However，there is something true. Similar to microwave ovens，cell phones also give off electromagnetic radiation (电磁辐射). Over three billion people use cell phones for more than an hour a day. Cell phones get hot when they are used for a long time or being charged(充电). So holding a heat source near your brain during sleep is really bad for your health. Scientists suggest keeping electronic things，like computers and cell phones，out of bedrooms or at least six feet from your bed.6. The underlined words "heavy users" refer to .A. those people who use cell phones a lotB. those cell phone users who are strongC. those people who like expensive cell phonesD. those people who like cell phones with big screen7. When did the cell phones start to be popular?A. Since 1980s.B. Since 1985s.C. Since 1990s.D. Since 2019s.8. Medical experts fear that cell phones .A. get hot when being chargedB. have no relationship with cancersC. give off electromagnetic radiationD. will be proved to have bad effects on health9. According to scientists，we'd better not put electronic things in the .A. study roomB. kitchenC. bedroomD. living room10. What's the best title of the passage?A. Cell Phones and HealthB. Where to Put Cell PhonesC. What Will Happen to Cell PhonesD. Cell Phones and Microwave OvensCGerms(细菌) are everywhere. You can't see them，but they are on your desk，on your computer，and even in the air!Like people，germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food，clothes，and other things travel around the world，germs travel，too. Some germs are safe，but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu.Warmer Weather Brings GermsThe world's weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer，so insects from hotcountries can move there. Some of these insects，like mosquitoes，carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches，fever，and can even kill people.Under Your SkinYour skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs，but not all. They can enter your body when you eat，or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands，too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes，nose，or mouth.Fighting GermsYour immune system (免疫系统) protects you，too. When germs get inside your body，your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells(细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body find and stop germs.What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs，and water washes them away.11. According to the text，insects .A. kill germsB. carry germsC. protect germsD. love germs12. The underlined word "there" refers to .A. cooler countriesB. hot countriesC. everywhereD. the world13. Which of the following is right according to the text?A. All germs are dangerousB. There are more germs in cold placesC. Soap can kill all germsD. Germs can get into your body14. Which can be the best title for this text?A. Germs Are EverywhereB. Weather Is ChangingC. Skin Stops GermsD. Germs Are DevelopedD（浙江金华市2019年六校期中）Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how to find happiness. Money and success don’t bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words，we make our own happiness.Some people believe that if they are wealthy，they will be able to do anything they want，which means happiness. On the other hand，some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In this way，you have not only money，but also many other things which can’t be bought by money. However，other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness，nor is holding a high position in the government. These people value their beliefs，or their intelligence，or their health. They think these can make them happy.2-1-c-n-j-yHere are a few ways to help you be happier.The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often，we spend so much time thinking about the future，for example，getting into college or getting a good job，that we don’t enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures，such as reading a good book，listening to your favorite music，or spending time with close friends. People who have close friends usually enjoy happier and healthier lives.The second secret of happiness is to be active. Many people go dancing or play sports. People canforget about their problems and only think about the activities.Finally，many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies，people feel good when they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier，do something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies，go shopping to get food for an old neighbor，or simply help around the house.Now maybe you know how to find happiness!15. The underlined word “wealthy” means “__________” in the passage.A. 快乐的B. 健康的C. 兴奋的D. 富有的16. Some people who hold a high position in the government think they can ______.A. get money and something they can’t buy with moneyB. do what they want to do at any timeC. enjoy health which makes them work hardD. take an active part in all kinds of activities every day17. The writer thinks the secret of happiness is that people ___________.A. think about getting a good jobB. think of presents they don’t likeC. often spend time with close friendsD. often spend time on entering the college18. The passage mainly tells us __________.A. how to find happinessB. how to save happinessC. to do something good for othersD. to value our beliefs or health。