第十四篇：Heartbeat of America

用英语写的情书带翻译第一封外面风大跟我回家The first one out of the big wind came home with me第二封留在我身边远近我都接受Second letters in my side near and far I accept第三封我没说过永远只希望每个明天你都在The third seal I didn’t say forever just hope every tomorrow you are in第四封南风过境十里春风不如你Fourth letters of transit in the spring breeze as you south ten第五封可能时间刚好你眼角带笑The fifth letter may be time to just your eyes smiling第六封我不喜欢醋这种东西但我现在天天为你吃Sixth, I don’t like vinegar, but I do it for you every day.第七封向来没耐心的我在你身边徘徊了这么久The seventh has not been patient with me, I have been wanderingaround for so long第八封任凭风吹也无法忘记你的名字Eighth letters to the wind can not forget your name第九封你说以后是我和你喝交杯酒还是我去喝你们的喜酒The ninth letter you said after I drink a toast and you or me to drink to your happiness第十封我期待我能在有一天背着背包出现在你的城市Tenth I look forward to one day I can carry a backpack in your city.第十一封你站的方向风吹过来都是暖的Eleventh of the direction of the wind blowing you are warm.第十二封手不要给别人牵怀抱也要留给我Twelfth hands do not give someone to hold me.第十三封你陪着我的时候我从来没羡慕过任何人I never envied anyone when you were with me thirteenth times.第十四封想你的时候风忽然停了The wind suddenly stopped fourteenth times when I thought of you第十五封因为有你我才能笑着摇头拒绝所有诱惑和暧昧Fifteenth because of you, I can only smile and shake my head to reject all temptations and ambiguous.第十六封No one and you.第十七封我喜欢你只有一个理由你就是理由The seventeenth seal I like you have only one reason you are the reason第十八封你就像我小时候最喜欢的玩具别人碰一下我都觉得那是在抢Eighteenth you like I was a child’s favorite toy people touch me feel that it is in the第十九封The first glance Heartbeat.第二十封遇见你花光了我所有的运气The twentieth meeting you used to spend all my luck第二十一封想去的地方有你才最美丽Twenty-first of the places you want to go is the most beautiful第二十二封喜欢你是我做过最美丽的事The twenty-second love you are the most beautiful thing I have ever done第二十三封还在我身边就是我的The twenty-third seal is still with me.第二十四封微风轻轻起我好喜欢你Twenty-fourth gentle breeze, I like you第二十五封你总是能让我带着每天的晚安把梦做到最感动The twenty-fifth seal you always let me with every day the night dream to do the most moving第二十六封你快乐所以我快乐我快乐都是你给的Twenty-sixth you happy so I am happy I am happy you give第二十七封趁你还在The twenty-seventh seal while you are still第二十八封对谁都三分钟热度唯独你Twenty-eighth letters to anyone who are three minutes heat only you第二十九封喜你为疾药石无医Twenty-ninth letters like you for medicine without doctor.第三十封如果你最后一贫如洗我将是你最后的行李If you are the last thirtieth letters as pour as a church mouse I will be your final baggage第三十一封就好像太阳不会放弃天空The thirty-first seal is like the sun will not give up the sky第三十二封遇见你是所有故事的开始The thirty-second meeting you are the beginning of the story.第三十三封我想顺着你的脚步走向未来Thirty-third letters I want to follow your footsteps to the future第三十四封以后去哪都把我给带上我会很乖不给你添麻烦Where to go after the thirty-fourth letters to my band I will be good not to trouble you第三十五封天和地和你一个都不能少Thirty-fifth days and the earth and you can not be less第三十六封见到你我占有欲就超标林Thirty-sixth to see you, I have to exceed the standard forest第三十七封我想每天都能见到你毕竟我真的很粘人Thirty-seventh, I want to see you every day, after all, I am really very sticky第三十八封酸涩皱眉与你共苦不算太差Thirty-eighth you frown and sour bitter not too bad第三十九封眼睛好疼Thirty-ninth eyes good pain第四十封你是雾是风我喜你依旧浓Fortieth seals you are the fog is the wind I like you are still strong第四十一封陪我走走吧趁天还没亮浓雾里还透着光Forty-first to accompany me for a walk to take advantage of the day hasnot yet lit the fog in the第四十二封别在我离不开你的时候离开我Forty-second don’t leave me when I can’t do without you第四十三封你是我口中最为骄傲的语气Forty-third, you are the most proud of my mouth第四十四封街边的每个身影都像你Forty-fourth street side of each figure are like you第四十五封我也憧憬过也怕后来没结果Forty-fifth I also hope to have been afraid of later did not result第四十六封抓紧你的手走过我的朝朝暮暮Forty-sixth letters to your hand through my every morning and evening第四十七封陪在身边才算拥有Forty-seventh to accompany in the side to be considered to have第四十八封你别皱眉你最珍贵The forty-eighth seal you do not frown, you are the most precious第四十九封尽我所能The forty-ninth seal to the best of my energy第五十封你是前提你是例外The fiftieth seal is the premise that you are an exception.第五十一封我有我自己你跟不跟我走Fifty-first letters I have my own you and don’t follow me go第五十二封好好的待在你身边是我唯一的心愿Fifty-second good to be in your side is my only wish第五十三封我希望每次伸手你都在Fifty-third letters I want to reach out to you every time第五十四封我任性也不是对所有人Fifty-fourth, I am not a self willed all第五十五封如除我一人在你心还多出一个人瞒住我The fifty-fifth seal, such as in addition to my one person in your heart also more than a person to hide me第五十六封念你名字一百遍就出现在我眼前好不好Fifty-sixth read your name one hundred times in front of my eyes.第五十七封你的怀抱是我的避风港Fifty-seventh of your arms is my haven第五十八封喜欢你这些日子就像一本病历The fifty-eighth love you these days is like a medical record第五十九封You are the one第六十封喜欢你的故事更喜欢故事里的你The sixtieth like your story is more like the story of you第六十一封你的一言一行都牵扯着我的情绪Sixty-first letters of your every word and action are involved with my emotions第六十二封你有多重要我也害怕让你知道How important are sixty-second to you, I’m afraid to let you know第六十三封夜空霓虹都是我不要的繁荣The sixty-third night sky neon is the prosperity that I don’t want第六十四封我喜欢你只是喜欢你哪有什么目的The sixty-fourth seal I like you just like you which have what purpose第六十五封你不在的时候我在忙着长大I was busy growing up when I was sixty-fifth.第六十六封所有的不愉快都改变不了我对你的坚持Sixty-sixth all the unhappy can not change my insistence on you第六十七封原谅我有时候注意不了你在意的细节Sixty-seventh. Forgive me. Sometimes I can’t pay attention to the details.第六十八封爱过了你就没办法像爱你一样去爱别人The sixty-eighth loved you can’t love others like you.第六十九封只要你在我身边我就不会迷路Sixty-ninth, I won’t get lost as long as you are with me.第七十封遇见你真幸运Seventieth lucky to meet you第七十一封等我长大Seventy-first letters, I grew up.第七十二封我没有固执只是不想再过不安定的生活Seventy-second, I am not stubborn just do not want to live a stable life第七十三封你在走到哪里都是童话Seventy-third letters you go to where are the fairy tale第七十四封最暖不过在你身边The seventy-fourth warmest on your side第七十五封还好我身边的是你Seventy-fifth good thing to me is you第七十六封时间挺住你就永远是我的Seventy-sixth time hold on you will always be my第七十七封初识你名The first seventy-seventh letters of your name第七十八封每天早上醒来阳光和你都在Seventy-eighth every morning when I wake up in the morning, the sun and you are in第七十九封我只是一个说谎者所以我从来都不喜欢你Seventy-ninth I am just a liar so I never love you第八十封在我心里Eightieth seals in my heart第八十一封你的名字Eighty-first letters of your name第八十二封是我见过The eighty-second seal is that I have seen第八十三封最美的情诗The eighty-third letter of the most beautiful poems第八十四封变成一条鱼一生都不闭眼睛一直看着你The eighty-fourth seal into a fish life is not closed eyes have beenwatching you第八十五封你留下或者我跟你走Eighty-fifth letters you stay or I go with you第八十六封她们都是提到你眼睛都在发亮All eighty-sixth of them mention that your eyes are shining.第八十七封遇见你是我最美的意外Eighty-seventh met you is my most beautiful accident第八十八封你在身边世界只剩一个焦点Eighty-eighth seal you in the side of the world just left a focus第八十九封我把前半生写在纸上Eighty-ninth letters I wrote the first half of my life on paper第九十封后半生写在你的生命里Ninetieth half a lifetime written in your life第九十一封我的你Ninety-first of my you第九十二封从此你在我心里最温暖的地方Ninety-second letters from you in my heart the most warm place第九十三封我会改掉不好的毛病Ninety-third I will get rid of bad habits.第九十四封喜欢就像一阵风Ninety-fourth like a gust of wind第九十五封因为在乎Ninety-fifth letters because of care第九十六封喜欢你应该是我干过最棒的事Ninety-sixth like you should be the best thing I’ve ever done.第九十七封陪你走到底只要你愿意Ninety-seventh to accompany you to go in the end as long as you are willing to第九十八封情书是我抄的The ninety-eighth love letter is my copy.第九十九封但我喜欢你是真的Ninety-ninth but I like you to be true第一百封别再到处流浪别在深夜买醉别喝陌生人给的酒也别牵别人的手100th don’t wander around in the middle of the night don’t drink do not drink wine to strangers don’t hold the hands of others希望能帮助到你，望采纳！要中文的吗，我很多哦再看看别人怎么说的。

山巅之城——美国的天命论（ManifestDestiny）Theme From Armageddon Trevor Rabin - Armageddon - The Album叙拉古之惑案：按说我的知识背景是不适合谈论美国文化史的。

但作为一个政治光谱上的共和党人，我不隐瞒自己的观点，此文之所以能够成型，倾注了我将美国视为理想政体的个人感情。

本文相关材料来自于我对《神学宪制——宗教政治学》一文思考时所收集的，亦可视为《神学宪制》一文的铺垫。

上帝对美国的眷顾是没什么可怀疑的，当需要的时候美国出了华盛顿，林肯，和罗斯福。

在写上面的句子时，我相信自己在得出一个学术结论，尽管我承认，我是作为一个自豪的美国人写出上面的话的。

——西摩·马丁·李普塞特（注：美国政治学会主席、社会学研究学会主席，并入选美国国家科学院以及美国艺术与科学院院士。

）Ⅰ从西方政治思想史来看，新教兴起过程中通过对《旧约》中的“约法传统”重新发明和诠释，确立了理想的圣经政体是摩西式的共和政体而非大卫式的君主政体。

因而早于霍布斯的《利维坦》问世之前，美国的先民就以主张回到《旧约》中以色列的典范政体——约法传统，来到北美新大陆建立新的政治秩序，具体呈现这一政治思想意义的“《旧约》革命”的实践，即《五月花号公约》：以上帝的名义，阿门。

吾等签约之人，信仰之捍卫者，蒙上帝恩佑的大不列颠、法兰西及爱尔兰国王詹姆斯陛下的忠顺臣民——为了上帝的荣耀，为了吾王与基督信仰和荣誉的增进，吾等越海扬帆，以在弗吉尼亚北部开拓最初之殖民地，因此在上帝面前共同庄严立誓签约，自愿结为一公民团体。

为使上述目的得以顺利进行、维持并发展，亦为将来能随时制定和实施有益于本殖民地总体利益的一应公正和平等法律、法规、条令、宪章与公职，吾等全体保证遵守与服从。

据此于耶稣公元1620年11月11日，吾王英格兰、法兰西、爱尔兰等十八世暨苏格兰第五十四世君主陛下在位之年，在科德角签署姓名如下，以资证明。

2024年中考英语新热点时文阅读-外国文学作品01（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）Huck is my name, Huckleberry Finn. The story started when my best friend, Tom Sawyer and I found $12,000 in a cave. That money made us rich. We got $6,000 each. Judge Thatcher, an important man in St. Petersburg, put it in the bank, and now we get a dollar a day interest (利息).Then a kind old lady called Douglas invited me to live with her because I haven’t got a family or a home. My mother died a long time ago, then my dad, Pap, disappeared. He was a violent (暴力的) man especially when he drank a lot, which was most of the time, and he often beat me. I was scared of him. I didn’t go to school like the other boys of my age. I lived on the streets and in the woods.My life changed after I lived with Douglas. She gave me a bed to sleep in and bought new clothes for me. She read stories to me and taught me how to eat at a table. But then her sister Miss Watson arrived. She brought her black slave (奴隶) Jim with her. I liked Jim but I didn’t like Miss Watson very much. She often shouted at me.Douglas sent me to school every day. I didn’t like going there at first because learning was very difficult. But when I could read and write a bit, I didn’t mind going.The months passed and winter came. The weather got cold. One morning I woke up and there was snow on the ground. On my way to school I saw some footprints outside Douglas’s house. There was a cross on the heel (脚后跟)of the left one. My heart jumped. Only one person wore boots with a cross on the left heel! Pap!“He’s heard about my ________” I thought. “And he wants it!”That night I went to see Jim. Jim had a magic ball made of animal hair. There was a spirit inside the ball that could answer people’s questions about the future.—Adapted from Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1．How did Huck get the money which was put in the bank?A．Huck’s father gave it to him.B．Huck’s mother left it to him before she died.C．Douglas gave it to him.D．He and Tom Sawyer found it in a cave.2．How did Huck feel about the life with Douglas?A．He hated his new life.B．He didn’t mind his new life.C．He felt satisfied with his new life.D．He wanted to get away from his new life.3．Which word can be put in the “__________”?A．life B．spirit C．secret D．money4．Which is the right order of what happened in the story?①Douglas sent Huck to school.②Huck’s mother died.③Douglas invited Huck to live with her.④Douglas read stories to Huck.A．③②④①B．②③④①C．③④②①D．②④③①02（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Katie was waiting for Gulliver’s calls. Instead, she just heard sparrows making noise in the bushes. “Maybe Gulliver missed the harbour.” Dad said. After breakfast, Katie took her camera to the harbour. All the colourful boats made pretty pictures, but not the one she wanted most.Katie waved to Ernest, her uncle’s neighbour, on the boathouse. The gull’s name, Gulliver, was given by him.The gull’s size and his single leg made the bird itself different. But Ernest told Katie what Gulliver did that first summer Katie and her dad came caught everyone’s attention. Young Katie lay in her stroller (婴儿车) on the floating dock (码头) when Uncle Ralph and Dad were repairing boats nearby. The waves from the passing boat made Katie’s stroller shake strongly. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Gulliver made the loudest cry. Dad and uncle rushed to Katie and stopped the stroller from falling into the water. They kept a close eye at Katie after that. Another summer Katie was three years old, she liked to touch everything. But Dad didn’t watch her every minute when she tried to catch small ducks around or fish from water. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” The gull’s cry brought Dad back in time. He stopped Katie as she tried to follow the small ducks running towards water. Several summers passed, and Gulliver continued to call out as Katie tried new things.This summer Katie did the usual by-the-sea things she’d learned to do. One day, she rowed a boat out but was trapped on a rock by a storm. As she looked up and tried to catch the last warmth of the sunshine through dark clouds, she saw a single white feather. A gull feather? She searched the sky for an answer. Putting her arms around knees, she closed eyes to hold in the tears (眼泪). “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Katie sat up. “Katie! Katie!” Soon, Dad and Uncle Ralph appeared. “How lucky! We heard Gulliver as we came around the rocks,” Uncle Ralph said, “At least… it sounded like him. Strange, he was nowhere in sight.” Katie remembered the feather. “I thought I heard him, too.”—Adapted from the story by Gillian Richardson5．Katie took a camera to the harbour in order to take a picture of ________.A．Gulliver B．Ernest C．sparrows D．boats6．What’s the right order of the following events about Katie?①She was trapped on a rock by a storm.②She lay in her stroller on the floating dock.③She followed the small ducks running towards water.A．①②③B．①③②C．②③①D．②①③7．Which of the following can show the change of Katie’s feelings in Paragraph 3?A．sad—peaceful—excited B．sad—excited—nervousC．helpless—hopeful—thankful D．helpless—thankful—nervous8．What’s the best title for the story?A．Katie and Gulliver B．Katie’s HolidaysC．Katie and Dad D．Katie’s Tears03（2023·江苏宿迁·校联考一模）Marie didn’t like Eva’s friendship with Tom, so she told her husband that she didn’t want any smell of horses in the house. St Clare told Tom to stop working with the horses. Eva told her father she liked going for walks with Tom. So Tom had orders to leave what he was doing when Eva needed him. Eva and Tom spent a lot of time together.Tom noticed that St Clare didn’t look after his money and his house very well, and that he spent too much money on the wrong things. He started making some suggestions, and soon St Clare understood that Tom’s business advice was very good. After some time Tom started to look after the house expenses（费用）.Tom also noticed that his master didn’t take anything seriously and didn’t live well, and this worried him. One night St Clare went to a party where he drank too much. He came home very late, and Tom and another slave（奴隶）had to help him to get into bed. Tom went into his room and prayed（祈祷）for his master.The morning after, St Clare gave Tom some money to do some business for him. Tom took the money but he didn’t move.“Well, Tom, what are you waiting for?” said St Clare. “Is everything alright?”“I’m afraid not, Master,” said Tom.“What’s the problem? You look very serious.”“I feel very bad, Master. I thought that Master was always going to be good to everybody.”“Well, Tom, am I not? Do you need anything?”“No, Master is always good to me. But there is someone that Master isn’t good to.”“What do you mean?”“I thought about it last night. Master isn’t good to himself.”St Clare felt his face become red, then he laughed. “Oh, Tom!” said St Clare, with tears in his eyes. “Well, you’re right. Never again, Tom, I promise.”—Adapted from Uncle Tom’s Cabin9．Tom was asked to, leave what he was doing to ________A．work with horses B．go for walks with EvaC．spend some time with St Clare D．look after money for St Clare10．In Paragraph 3, the thing that worried Tom is ________.A．St Clare asked Tom to look after his moneyB．St Clare drank too much every dayC．St Clare didn’t look after himself well and didn’t live wellD．St Clare didn’t look after Tom well11．The underlined word “himself ” in Paragraph 12 is ________.A．Maria B．St Clare C．Eva D．Tom12．According to the passage, the correct order of the story is ________.a. Maria was unhappy with Eva’s friendship with Tom.b. St Clare felt moved and joyful when he laughed.c. St Clare gave Tom some money to do some business for him.d. Tom’s master spent too much money on the wrong things.A．adcb B．abcd C．badc D．dabc13．From the passage, we know that Tom was a ________ person.A．lazy but smart B．kind but stupid C．caring and brave D．lazy and stupid04（2023·湖南长沙·统考二模）The Adventures of Huckleberry Fine by Mark Twain is one of the first Great American Novels. It was also one of the first major American novels ever written by using Local Colorism（地方色彩主义）. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is famous for its colorful description of people and places along the Mississippi River.This book is about how a boy called Huck set the slave（奴隶）free and realized his dream of living an adventures life. In order to get out of his father’s control. Hook pretended that he was dead by Jim, who is practical and loyal to friends. Jim went together with Huck in the journey, and they became friends after experience. scenes of adventures. In their voyage, they met two frauds（骗子）. One called himself king, the other duke. Because of the king, Jim got caught by his master. By an expected chance, Huck and Tom, best friend of Hack. Got together, and they decided to set Jim free. At last, they made it.Although the book has been popular with young readers since it came out, the book immediately became controversial（有争论的）and has remained so today because the Southern society that it satirized（讽刺）had already been history.14．Where did the story happen in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? ________A．Along the Mississippi River.B．In the southern states.C．In Canada.15．What is the plot（情节）of the story? ________①Huck met a run-away slave. Jim.②Huck met two frauds.③Huck pretended to be dead.④Jim was caught by his master and then set free.A．①②③④B．③①②④C．③②①④16．What does the underlined word “pretended” mean in Paragraph 2 ________.A．否定B．承认C．假装17．We can read the following in the passage EXCEPT ________.A．history of Local ColorismB．Huck’s life experienceC．popularity of the book18．What can we learn from the passage? ________A．It’s Buck’s dream to live a peaceful life.B．The book has gained a lot of attention.C．Huck succeeded in setting Jim free on his own.05（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）They left the busy streets and went to a part of the town Scrooge never visited. It was a terrible place. The streets were dirty, and the smell was very bad. The houses and shops were of the poorest kind. The people were all thin, dirty, and they looked very ill. Everything was ugly.They came to where an old man sat. He was selling dirty pieces of cloth, smelly old bones, and all kinds of old and useless things. As they watched, two old women and an old man, equally dirty, smelly, and ugly came into the shop. They carried large bags.“Come and sit by the fire,” the shopkeeper said. “Tell me what you have to sell me.”“Nothing a dead man will miss,” the first woman said with a nasty（让人讨厌的）laugh.“If he wanted to keep them after he was dead, why wasn’t he a good man when he was alive? If he had been, he would have had someone to look after him. He would not have died alone.”“That’s very true,” said the second woman, putting a few clothes on the floor. “He got the death he deserved.” She pointed at the clothes. “What will you give me for those, Joe?” She asked the shopkeeper, adding, “I did nowrong taking them from the dead man’s house.”The shopkeeper looked at everything the woman wanted to sell him and put a price on it. Then he added everything up. The final amount was very small.“That’s not much,” the woman said.“Take it or leave it,” the shopkeeper said. “I won’t pay a penny（便士）more.”—Taken from A Christmas Carol根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

美国文学精华HIGHLIGHTS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE目录Table Of Contents国家萌芽期National Beginnings第一章班杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)第二章华盛顿•欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859)第三章詹姆斯•费尼莫•库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)第四章飞利浦•佛瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832)第五章威廉•卡伦•布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)第六章埃德加•爱伦坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809- 1849)第七章纳撒尼尔•霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)浪漫主义与理智判断Romanticism and Reason第八章拉尔夫•沃多•埃默森Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)第九章亨利•戴维梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)第十章赫曼•梅维尔Herman Melville (1819-1891)第十一章亨利•卫兹伍•郎费罗Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) 第十二章华特•惠特曼Walt Whitman (1819-1892)第十三章爱蜜丽•迪克生Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)第十四章马克•吐温Mark Twain (1835-1910)第十五章史蒂芬•克莱恩Stephen Crane (1871 -1900)第十六章亨利•詹姆斯Henry James (1843-1916)美国短篇小说：19世纪的发展The American Short Story: 19th Century Developments第十七章安布鲁斯•毕尔斯Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)第十八章史帝芬•克莱恩Stephen Crane (1871-1900)第十九章埃德加•爱伦坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)第二十章法兰克•史塔顿Frank R Stockton (1834-1902)现实与反应主义Realism and Reaction第二十一章西尔多•德莱塞Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945)第二十二章爱德恩•阿灵顿•罗宾森Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935) 第二十三章卡尔•山博格Carl Sandburg (1878-1967)第二十四章辛克莱•刘易斯Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951)第二十五章亨利•门肯Henry L. Mencken (1880-1956)第二十六章史考特•费兹杰罗 F. Scott Fitzgerald (1886-1940)第二十七章约翰•史坦贝克John Steinback (1902-1968)散文与诗歌中的现代声音Modern Voices in Prose and Poetry第二十八章厄年斯特•海明威Ernest Hemingway第二十九章威廉•福克纳William Faulkner第三十章罗柏特•佛斯特Robert Frost第三十一章阿契博得•麦克列许Archibald MacLeish威廉•卡洛斯•威廉斯William Carlos Williams and 蓝斯顿•休斯Langston Hughes第三十二章凯瑟琳•安•波特Katherine Ann Porter第三十三章索尔•贝罗Saul Bellow第三十四章雷夫•艾利森Ralph Ellison第三十五章罗伯•罗威尔Robert Lowell西尔多•罗特克Theodore Roethke兰德尔．贾雷尔Randall Jarrell and 詹姆斯．赖特James Wright当代美国戏剧作品Modern American Drama第三十六章「回归尘土」Return to Dust第三十七章「其它的演员」The Other Player国家萌芽期National Beginnings美国早期的文学既非美国人所著也非真正的文学，这些著作不属于美国的原因就是因为它们都是从英国流传进来的。

-044-诗刊李 晖 译比利·柯林斯（Billy Collins, 1941— ），美国作家，曾获“美国桂冠诗人”称号，被《纽约时报》称为“最受欢迎的美国诗人”。

柯林斯的诗歌题材相对日常，又兼具超现实主义元素，语言轻松幽默，2005年，柯林斯成为第一届马克·吐温诗歌幽默奖得主。

他还先后获得国家艺术基金会、纽约艺术基金会和古根海姆基金会奖。

柯林斯的代表诗集有《震惊巴黎的苹果》《有关天使的疑问》《溺水的艺术》《在房间独自航行》等。

酒吧时间与通用的沙龙惯例一致，这里的钟比所有外面的钟快十五分钟。

这使得我们成为一个相当先进的群体，在未知的未来里畅饮，免于眼下烦恼的打扰，在当前场景的悲惨之外安全地躲过一刻钟。

难怪我产生此种轻率的快感从玩弄一根香烟的小火，从观察这杯加冰的威士忌——我正呷着的冰冷的铁锈色中，或者从留意外面的街道当平庸的时间穿着外套懒洋洋经过，雨水从他的帽檐淌下来，最新版本，就像他口袋里的一面旗子。

商籁体我们只需要十四行，好，现在十三行，这一行之后正好再一打就可放一艘小船在爱的风暴肆虐的海上，然后还剩十行，就像一排豆子。

那多容易！除非你搞伊丽莎白风坚持要演奏抑扬格手鼓，韵脚都放在行尾，每一个代表一个十字架驻点。

但是且慢，这时我们转入最后六行，在此一切都将被解决，渴望和心痛将得以了结，劳拉将告诉彼特拉克放下笔，脱掉那身蠢得要死的中世纪紧身衣，把灯吹灭，终于上床睡觉了。

蝴蝶效应那一只此时正停在一株植物的茎上悬藤深处的某个所在南美洲内陆，它的翅膀即将振动从而导致几年后你结婚那天下大雨，并扭转你走上一条通向灾难和毁灭的道路[美] 比利·柯林斯诗选译介-045-译介如果说——有什么算是安慰的话，一件华丽的燕尾服，一种亮橙色和鲜艳黄色的完美混合，边缘撒了一层柔和的浅棕。

再有的话，翅膀上的两个黑色斑点那么显眼以至让人怀疑这是不是一个模仿的例子，一种适应术，一个物种借此呈现出另一个不太适宜食用的物种的外观，两位英国博物学家，即H.W.贝茨于1862年，和A.R.华莱士于1865年分别揭示了这一点，那可能会让你感兴趣，并可能分散你对未来无望的让你烦恼的恐惧的注意力。

paigns celebrating the Big Apple, those T-shirts with a heart design proclaiming “I love New York,”are signs, pathetic in their desperation, of how the m ighty has fallen. New York City used to leave the bragging to others, for bragg ing w as “bush” Being unique, the biggest and the best, New York didn’t have to assert how special it was.’t the top anym ore, at least if the top is m easured by who begets the styles and sets the trends. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste as often as it is out of step with Am erican politics. Once it was the nation’s undisputed fashion authority, but it too long resisted the incom ing casual style and lost its m onopoly. No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing Am erican trends, a place to escape Comm on Denom inator Land.ore and m ore evident. A dozen other cities have buildings m ore inspired architecturally than any built in New York City in the past twenty years. The giant Manhattan television studios where Toscanini’s NBCSym phony once played now sit empty m ost of the time, while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preem pt the airways from California. Tin Pan Alley has m oved to Nashville and Hollywood. Vegas casinos routinely pay heavy sum s to singers and entertainers whom no nightspot in Manhattan can afford to hire. In sports, the bigger superdom es, the m ore exciting teams, them ost enthusiastic fans, are often found elsewhere.–being regarded as unfriendly, unsafe, overcrowded, and expensive –but it is m aking som ething of a com eback as a tourist attraction. Even so, m ost Americans would probably rate New Orleans, San Francisco, Washington, or Disneyland higher. A dozen other cities, including m yhom etown of Seattle, are widely considered better cities to live in.any Europeans call New York their favorite city? They take m ore readily than do m ost Americans to its cosm opolitan com plexities, its surviving, aloof, European standards, its alien mixtures. Perhaps som e of these Europeans are reassured by the sight, on the twin fashion avenues of Madison and Fifth, of all those familiar international nam es – the jewelers, shoe stores, and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich. But no; what m ost excites Europeans is the city’s charged, nervous atm osphere, its vulgar dynam ism .share of articulate losers, it is also about m ockery, the put-down , the loser’s shrug (“whaddya gonna do?”). It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdriver’s or a clerk’s or a waiter’s attention, for a foothold , a chance, a better address, a larger billing. To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proxim ity to the frustrated majority.e. And though I have lived there m ore than half m y life, you won’t find m e wearing an “I Love New York”T-shirt. But all in all, I can’t think of m any places in the world I’d rather live. It’s not easy to define why.’s pleasures are m uch qualified in New York. You never see a star-filledsky; the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens. Sunsets can be spectacular: oranges and reds tinting the sky over the Jersey m eadows and gaudily reflected in a thousand windows on Manha ttan’s jagged skyline. Nature constantly yields to m an in New York: witness those fragile sidewalk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cem ent and petrol fum es. Central Park, which Frederick Law Olm sted designed as lungs for the city’s poor, i s in places grassless and filled with trash, no longer pristine yet lively with the noise and vivacity of people, largely youths, blacks, and Puerto Ricans, enjoying them selves. On park benches sit older people,m ostly white, looking displaced. It has becom e less a tranquil park than an untidy carnival.our of the city, which never beckoned to m e from a distance, but itsopportunity –to practice the kind of journalism I wanted –drew me to New York. I wasn’t even sure how I’d m easure up against others who had been m ore soundly educated at Ivy League schools, or whether I could com pete against that tough local breed, those intellectual sons of immigrants, so highly m otivated and single-minded, such as Alfred Kazin, who for div ersion (for heaven’t sake!) played Bach’s Unaccompanied Partitas on the violin.ost banal and m arketable of one’s talents, still draws m any of the young to New York. That and, as always, the com pany of others fleeing som ething constricting where they cam e from. Together these young share a freedom, a community of inexpensive am usements, a casualliving, and som e rough tim es. It can’t be the living conditions that appeal, for only fond mem ory will forgive the inconvenience, risk, and squalor. Comm ercial Broadway m ay be inaccessible to them, but there is off- Broadway, and then off-off-Broadway. If painters disdain Madison Avenue’s plush art galleries, Madison Avenue dealers set up shop in the grubby precincts of Soho. But the purity of a bohem ian dedication can be exaggerated. The artistic young inhabit the sam e Greenwich Village and its fringes in which the experim entalists in the arts lived during the Depression, united by a world against them. But the present generation is enough of a subculture to be a source of profitable boutiques and coffeehouses. And it is not all that estranged.ost respects from mainland America, but in two areas it remains dominant. It is the banking and the comm unications headquarters for America. In both these roles it ratifies m ore than it creates. Wall Street will advance the m illions to m ake a Hollywood m ovie only if convinced that a bestselling title o r a star name will ensure its success. The networks’ news centers are here, and the largest book publishers, and the biggest m agazines – and therefore the largest body of critics to appraise the films, the plays, the m usic, the books that others have created. New York is a judging town, and often invokes standards that the rest of the country deplores or ignores. A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.arkets and devising the catchy jingles that will m ove m illions from McDonald’s to Burger king, so that the adagency’s “creative director”can lunch instead in Manhattan’s expense-account French restaurants. The bankers and the admen. The m arketing specialists and a thousand well-paid ancillary service people, really set the city’s brittle tone— catering to a wide American public whose num bers m ust be respected but whose tastes do not have to shared. The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity. So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers— as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers.surprised by the lack of cynicism, particularly am ong the younger ones, of those who work in such fields. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype, delights in much of it, and has no scruples about practicing it. Men and wom an do their jobs professionally, and, like the pilots who from great heights bom bed Hanoi, seem unmarked by it. They lead their real lives elsewhere, in the Village bars they are indistinguishable in dress or behavior from would-be artists, actors, and writers. The boundaries of “art for art’s sake” aren’t so rigid anym ore; art itself is less sharply defined, and those whose paintings don’t sell do illustrations; those who can’ get acting jobs do comm ercials; those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the m agazines. Besides, serious art often feeds in the popular these days, changing it with fond irony.e the newcom ers find or from their won worlds; Manhatten is m any such words, huddled together but rarely interaction. I think this is what gives the city itssense of freedom. There are enough like you, whatever you are. And it isn’t asnecessary to know anything about an apartm ent neighbor- or to worry about his judgm ent of you- as it is about som eone with an adjoining yard. In New York, like seeks like, and by econom y of effort excludes the rest as stranger. This distancing, this uncaring in ordinary encounters, has another side: in no other Am erican city can the lonely be as lonely.uch m ore needs to be said. New Your is a wounded city, declining in its am enities . Overloaded by its tax burdens. But it is not dying city; the streets are safer than they were five years age; Broadway, which seem ed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environm ent, is astir again.enace, the noise, the brusqueness- all confirm outsiders in their conviction that they wouldn’t live here if you gave them the place. Yet show a New Yorker a splendid hom e in Dallas, or a swimming pool and cabana in Beverly Hills, and he will be admiring but not envious. So m uch of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world. Too static, the New Yorker would say. Tell him about the vigor of your outdoor pleasures; he prefers the unhealthy hassle andthe vitality of urban life. He is hopelessly provincial. To him New York- despite its faults,which her will impat iently concede (“so what else is new?”) — is the spoiler of all other American cities.erican cities to visit first-rate art m useum s, to hear good m usic and see lively experim ental theater, to m eet intelligent and sophisticated people who know how to live, dine, and talk well; and to enjoy all this in congenial and spacious surroundings. The New Yorkers still wouldn’t want to live there.issing is what m any outsiders find oppressive and distasteful about New York –its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracingcom petitiveness; the rigor of its judgm ents; and the congested, dem ocratic presence of so m any other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds, the defeated are not hidden away som ewhere else on the wrong side of town. In the subways, in the buses, in the streets, it is impossible to avoid people whose lives are harder than yours. With the desperate, the ill, the fatigued, the overwhelm ed, one learns not to strike upcon versation (which isn’t wanted ) but to m ake brief, sy m pathetic eye contact, to include them in the hum an race. It isn’t m uch, but it is the fleeting hospitality of New Yorkers, each jealous of his privacy in the crowd. Ever helpfulness is often delivered as a taunt: a m an, rushing the traffic light, shouts the m an behind him. “ You want to be wearing a Buick with Jersey plates?” — great scorn in the word Jersey, hom e of drivers who don’t belong here.’s definition, New York is m ongrel city. It is in fact the first truly international m etropolis. No other great city- not London, Paris, Rom e or Tokyo- plays host (or hostage) to so m any nationalities. The m ix is m uch wider- Asians, Africans, Latins - that when that tumultuous variety of European crowded ashore at Ellis Island.The newcom ers are never fully absorbed, but are added precariously to the undigested many.20 New York is too big to be dom inated by any group, by Wasps or Jews or blacks, or by Catholics of m any origins —Irish, Italian, Hispanic. All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be reckoned with and tough in asserting their claim s, but none is powerful enough to subdue the others. Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously, regarding it as an unworkable m ixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical. But New Yorkers them selves are in training in how to live together in a diversity of races- the necessary initiation into the future.education in sights and sm ells. There is wonderful variety of places to eat or shop, and though the m ost successful of such places are likely to touristy hybridcom prom ises, they too have genuine roots. Other Am erican cities have ethnic turfs jealously defended, but not, I think, such an adm ixture of groups, thrown together in such jarring juxtapositions . In the sam e way, avenues of high-rise luxury in New York are never far from poverty and m ean streets. The sadness and fortitude of New York must be celebrated, along with its treasures of art and m usic. The com bination is unstable; it produces friction, or an uneasy forbearance that som etimes becom es a real toleration.es a m atter of alternating m oods, often inthe sam e day. The place constantly exasperates , at times exhilarates . To m e it is the city of unavoidable experience. Living there, one has the reassurance of steadily confronting life.(from the Atlantic, Sept. 1978)NOTES1. Griffith: Thom as Griffith (1915--), Am erican writer and editor. Since 1974 he has been press colum nist, Time magazine; staff contributor, For-tune magazine; colum nist, Atlantic Monthly. He is an uprooted westerner who now calls New York hom e. Publications: The Waist-High Culture; How True? --A Sceptic 's Guide to Believing the News.2. the Big Apple: any large city; specifically New York City3. bush: rustic, countrified, belonging to sm all towns4. Comm on Denom inator Land: uniformity, comm onness, sam eness, the m onotonous, the hum drum5. sitcom s: situation com edies; a radio or television series that involves a continuing cast of characters in a succession of unconnected episodes6. cloned: grown like a clone, all the descendants being derived asexually from a single individual. Cloned and canned: produced and packed, all ready for immediate consum ption (showing).7. Johnny Carson: a m an who runs a late night talk show8. Nashville: Capital of Tennessee State, center of rock-and-roll9. Vegas: sam e as Las Vegas. See text I, exercise I.10. superdom es: extra big sport stadiums11. convention city: city where conventions (assem blies of m embers or delegates of a political, social, professional, or religious group) are regularly held.12. Madison: Madison Avenue13. Fifth: Fifth Avenue, fam ous for fashionable shops14. Whaddya gonna do?: What are you going to do? Connoting a cool lack of concern; indifference; nonchalance.15. Jersey: Jersey City16. Ivy League schools: referring to prominent north-eastern universities in the U.S., such as, Cornell, Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Colum bia and others. It connotes a certain degree of wealth, sophistication, re finem ent, social prominence, and the like.17. Kazin: Alfred Kazin (1915)), Am erican critic. Publications: On Native Grounds ; The Inm ost Leaf; Contemporaries ; and Bright Book of Life.18. Commercial Broadway: The New York comm ercial theater or entertainment industry19.off-off-Broadway: an avant-garde theatrical m ovem ent in New York that stresses untraditional techniques and radical experim entation. Its relation to off-Broadway being analogous to the relation of off-Broadway to Broadway.20. Soho: a district in New York. By the early 1970s the artist colony had shift- ed from Greenwich Village to Soho.21. best-selling title: title of best-selling books22. star nam e: nam e of star actor or actress23. networks: radio and television networks24. McDonald's : McDonald' s chain restaurant selling hamburger25. Burger King: a chain restaurant whose specialty is hamburger26. lunch in expense-account French restaurants: to lunch in expensive French restaurants with the bill being paid by the com pany or em ployer27. hype: extravagant prom otional advertising28. popular: pop art; a realistic art style, using techniques and popular subjects adapted from commercial art and the mass communications m edia29. Beverly Hills: city in California, surrounded by Los Angeles, fam ous for luxurious hom es of rich Hollywood actors and actresses30. So what else is new?: there is nothing new in what you say; connoting the listener is not im pressed nor interested31. You want to be wearing a Buick with Jersey plates?: Do you want to be knocked down by a car carrying a Jersey license plate? Connoting that the m an should have som e pride in being a New Yorker and not let him self be run over by a car from Jersey.32. touristy hybrid com prom ises: a m ixture of different racial characteristics which attracts tourists33. ethnic turfs: districts or areas inhabited by foreign-born Am ericansAims1)Im proving students’ability to read between lines and understand the text properly;2)Cultivating students’ability to m ake a creative reading;3)Enhancing students’ability to appreciate the text from different perspectives;4)Helping students to understand som e difficult words and expressions;5)Helping students to understanding rhetorical devices;6)Encouraging students to voice their own viewpoint fluently and accurately.Teaching Contents1)Background Knowledge2)Exposition3)Detailed Study of the Essay4)Organization Pattern5)Style and Language Features6)Special Difficulties课文讲解部分1. Background Knowledge1) About the author Thom as Griffith2) About New York City2. Exposition/~arnetha/expowrite/info.html3. Detailed study on Loving and hating New YorkPara.1-5 General introduction — setting forth the present status of New York in the United States and in the eye’s of foreignersTask: Collect evidence to show that “ How the m ighty has fallen.”New York = Big Apple = Mighty—Advertising campaigns publicly praise New York;—Many New Yorkers wear T-shirts with a heart design and the works “ I love New York”—New York is trying desperately to regain her lost prestige and status.Para.2-3: New York: Yesterday & TodayNew York CityYesterday TodayTop, highest, biggest isn’t any m oreLeading city sets styles and trends of nation out of phase with ______ as out of step withUndisputed fashion authority lost its undisputed leadershipLooked up to and im itated no longer so“Nowadays New York is out of phase with Am erican taste “—Nowadays New York connot understand nor follow the taste of the Am erican people and is often in disagreem ent with American politics.“No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends” —Since New York is no longer looked up to or copied as the undisputed fashion authority, it now boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion) of America, that it is a place where people can escape from uniformity and comm onness.Question:1) From where we can see New York’s deficiencies as a pacesetter are m ore and m ore evident?—Building—Manhattan television studios—Tin Pan Alley—Hiring singers and entertainers—Sports2) The technique used to support author’s view is___________.Para.4: New York: in the eyes of AmericansCom eback: 1 a : a sharp or witty reply : retort b : a cause for com plaint 2 : a return to a form er position or condition (as of success or prosperity) :recovery, revival Para5 New York: in the eyes of foreigner.Question: Why do m any Europeans call New York their favorite city?—Cosm opolitan complexities—European standards—Mixture of m any foreigners—Many jewelers, shoe stores and designers shops—Familiar international nam es—Tense, restless atm osphere; its energetic pulse“… and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich.”These shops are set up to cheat and gratify the vanity of the silly rich peoplePara 6 New York: energy, contention and strivingConvention: angry disagreem entStriving: trying very hard to achieve or to defeat the othersPut-down: ( inform al) a remark or criticism intended to m ake the others feel stupid (令人难堪的话，噎人的话)“To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proxim ity to the frustrated majority.”— A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety ( because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition); a person who loses has to live am ong the defeated, who are in the m ajority in New York.Para.7: New York in author’s eyes.“New York was never Mecca to m e”Rhetorical devices em ployed in this sentence are: __________ and ___________.The author com pares New York to Mecca; and Mecca is standing for _______________.A place of holy pilgrimage, of a place one yearns to go.Para 8: New York: NatureQuestions:1) The topic sentence is ___________________.2) The rhetorical device employed in “ Nature constantly yields to m an in New York” is __________.3) Are there any other places uses the sam e rhetorical device as m entioned above? What’s the function of it?Para.9 New York: Opportunities & uncertainnessQuestions:1) What do “Ivy League Schools” refer to?2) Why did writer go and live in New York?Para.10: New York : in young people’s eyesQuestion: Why do young people still go to New York?—testing themselves—unwilling to surrender to their m ost comm on and easily sold talents—the fierce competition and challenge—standards of excellence dem anded“But the purity of a bohem ian dedication can be exaggerated.”—But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohem ian life style can be esaggerated. “But the present generation is enough of a subculture to be a source of profitable boutiques and coffeehouses.”As these young writers and artists have distinct cultural patterns of their own, m any businessm en open up profitable boutiques and coffeehouses to cater to their special tastes and interests.“And it is not all that estranged” “It” probably m eans _______________.Para.11: New York: A judging town“A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.”—In New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to appraise things is appreciated and paid for and skill and learning by themselves are not considered valuable.Para12: New York: An advertising CenterQuestion:1) The rhetorical device used in “The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s …” is _________. And “ The condescending view is the view of __________.2) In sentence “So does an attitude which sees….” The author com pares ______ to ______.Para 13: New York : Lack of cynicismTask: Collect evidence to show New York is lack of cynicism In sentence “ Men and wom en do their jobs professionally and, like pilots who from great heights bombed Hanoi …” the author compares_______ to ______.Para 14: New York: FreedomWhat gives the city its sense of freedom?Para 15: New York: Wounded not dyingAmenity: the attractiveness and value of real estate or of a residential structureTo succum b to: to fail to resist an attack, illness, temptationPara 16-18: New York: N ew Yorkers’ LoveNew Yorker who sees all the faults of the city still prefer to live in New YorkNew York’s faults:—Trash-strewn streets—Unruly school—Uneasy feeling or m enace—The noise—The brusqueness“He is hopeless provincial”—He will always be a New Yorker. His attitude towards and his love for New York will never change“New York … is the spoiler of all other American cities”—New York has spoiled all the other American cities for him.Para 19-10 New York: International MetropolisWhy is New York called an international m etropolis?Para.22: Loving and Hating New York1. exasperate: to excite the anger of; to cause irritation or annoyance to2. exhilarate: to m ake cheerful; to excite“The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarat es.”—New York constantly irritates and annoys very m uch but at tim es it also invigorates and stimulates.Oral practice: Talking about the following questions:1. What is the main them e of this article? Where is it specifically stated?2. What technique does the writer use to develop his m ain them e? Is the technique effective? Cite exam ples.3. Comm ent on the diction of the writer. Pick out term s and phrases that you think are peculiarly American.4. Does the writer really both love and hate New York? Cite exam ples to back up your analysis.5. How m any paragraphs would you regard as being the introductory paragraphs. Why?6. What is the topic sentence of paragraph 8? How is the paragraph developed?7. Explain fully the following sentence from paragraph 11: “A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.”8. Pick out som e figures of speech which you think the writer has usid m ost effectively. Cite your reasons.Paraphrase:1. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste (Para 2)2. New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends. (Para 2)3. Sitcom s cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, pre-empt the airwaves from California (Para 3)4. It is m aking som ething of a com eback as a tourist attraction (Para 4)5. To win in New York is to be uneasy (Para 6)6. Nature’s pleasures are m uch qualified in New York. (Para 8)7. The city ‘s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens (Para 8)8. But the purity of a bohem ian de dication can be exaggerated. (Para 10)9. In both these roles it ratifies m ore than it creates. (Para 11)10. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype (Para 13)11. Those who are writing am bitious novels sustain them selves on the m agazines. (Para 13)12. Broadway, which seem ed to be succum bing to the tawdriness of its environm ent, is astir again (Para 15)13. He prefers the unhealthy hassle and the vitality of urban life (Para 16)14. The defeated are not hidden away som e where else on the wrong side of town. (Para 18)15. The place constantly exasperates, at tim es exhilarates. (Para 22)4. Organization Pattern1) The thesis: Loving and hating New York or m ore specifically: Loving and hating New York becom es a m atter of alternating m oods, often in the sam e day.2) The thesis developed by both objective and em otional description of New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers3) The structural organization of this essay: clear and sim ple5. Style and Language Features1) Full of Am erican English terms, phrases and constructions.T-shirtholdoutcom ebackput-downexpense-accountadmanhigh-risemeasure up2) Use of various rhetorical devices:metaphorpersonificationmetonym ytransferred epithetalliterationsim ilesynecdocheironyeuphem ism/carroll/faq3.htmlto6. Special Difficulties1) Identifying and understanding Am ericanisms in this essay2) Som e terms/phrases/structuresout-of-phasetelevision generationeconom y of effortwrong sidesitcom s cloned and cannedMeccameasure up againstIvy League schoolscommercial Broadway/off-Broadway/off-off-Broadway Madison Avenue/Wall Streetlike seeks likeWasps词汇(Vocabulary)bush (adj.) : rustic，countrified，belonging to small towns粗俗的；乡土气的；乡下的beget (v.) : bring into being；produce使产生，引起，招致holdout (n.) : [Americanism]a place that holds out [美语]坚固据点deficiency (n.) : the quality or state of being deficient; absence of something essential；a shortage 缺乏，缺少，欠缺；缺陷，不足之处pacesetter (n.) : a person that leads the way or serves as a model标兵sitcom (n.) : [口]situation comedy的缩略clone (v.) : derive all the descendants asexually from a single individual无性繁殖preempt (v.) : radio and TV]replace(a regularly scheduled program)[广播、电视]先占，先取得casino (n.) : a public room or building for entertainments．dancing，or，now specifically，gambling 俱乐部，娱乐场；(现尤指)赌场nightspot (n.) : nightclub夜总会bilk (v.) : cheat or swindle；defraud欺骗，蒙骗dynamism (n.) : the quality of being energetic，vigorous，etc．推动力；活力，精力，劲头put—down (n.) : [American slang]a belittling remark or crushing retort[美俚]贬低的话；反驳；无礼的回答foothold (n.) : a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged立足点，据点jostle (v.) : bump or push，as in a crowd；elbow or shove roughly(在人群中)拥挤；用肘推；撞proximity (n.) : the state or quality of being near；nearness in space，time，etc．最近；接近；(地方，时间等)最接近obscure (v.) : darken；make dim使黑暗；使朦胧tint (v.) : give a color or a shading of a color to着上(淡)色gaudy (adj.) : bright and showy, but lacking in good taste；cheaply brilliant and ornate华丽而俗气的，炫丽的。

亦爱亦恨话纽约托马斯格里非斯那些赞美“大苹果”的广告活动，还有那些印着带有“我爱纽约”字样的心形图案的T恤衫，只不过是它们在绝望中发出悲哀的迹象，只不过是纽约这个非凡的城市日趋衰落的象征。

纽约过去从不自我炫耀，而只让别的城市去这样做，因为自我炫耀显得“小家子气”。

纽约既然是独一无二的、最大的而且是最好的城市，也就没有必要宣称自己是如何与众不同了。

然而，今日的纽约再不是头号城市了。

至少，在开创时尚、领导潮流方面，纽约是再也配不上这个称号了。

今日的纽约非但常常跟不上美国政治前进的步伐，而且往往也合不上美国人生活情趣变化的节拍。

过去有一个时期，它曾是全国流行服装款式方面无可争议的权威，但由于长期抵制越来越流行的休闲服装款式而丧失了其垄断地位。

纽约已不再是众望所归、纷起仿效的对象了，如今它甚至以成为风行美国的时装潮流的抵制者，以成为摆脱全国清一色的单调局面的一隅逃遁之地而自鸣得意。

纽约无力保持排头兵的地位这一点已是越来越明显了。

有十多座其它城市都已经有了一些在建筑艺术上很富有创造性的建筑物，而纽约最近二十年来所造的任何一幢建筑物都不能与之相比。

曾是托斯卡尼尼全国广播公司交响乐团演出场所的巨人般的曼哈顿电视演播厅，现在经常是空无一人，而好莱坞大量生产出的情景喜剧和约翰尼·卡森节目的实况转播却占满了加利福尼亚的广播电视发送频道。

美国流行歌曲创作发行中心从纽约的廷潘胡同转移到了纳什维尔和好莱坞。

拉斯韦加斯的赌场经常出高薪聘请曼哈顿没有哪一家夜总会请得起的歌手和艺员。

而体育运动方面，那些规模较大的体育馆、比较激动人心的球队以及热情最高的球迷们，往往都出现在纽约以外的地方。

纽约从来都不是召集会议的好场所——因为那儿少友情．不安全，人口拥挤，消费高昂——但现在它似乎正在一定程度上争回其作为旅游胜地的地位。

即便如此，大多数美国人对新奥尔良、旧金山、华盛顿或迪斯尼乐园等地的评价可能还是高于纽约。

人们普遍认为，还有十几座其它城市，包括我的家乡西雅图，都比纽约更适于居住。