全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题

浙江省2008年7月自考高级英语试题课程代码：10005Part IVocabulary (20% )Directions A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence.1. Strangely, Bill keeps his office neat as pin, while his home is always in a state of ( )A. chaosB. clarityC. CharityD. chorus2. The soil in this part of the world is not rich enough to _______ a large population.( )A. digestB. retainC. sustainD. survive3. Their ambitious schemes for making big money quickly( )A. took a chanceB. got to the pointC. came to nothingD. went into action4. These technological advances in communication have_______the way people do business.( )A. revolvedB. representedC. AdoptedD. transformed5. Lucy felt she had to be nice to everyone because she never knew who might be a(n) _______ customer.( )A. prospectiveB. perspectiveC. respectiveD. executive6. Since the energy crisis, these big cars have become a real_______. They cost too much to run.( )A. advantageB. liabilityC. reliabilityD. asset7. This_______porcelain vase was made with superb workmanship.( )A. requisiteB. prerequisite8. After such a confrontation between the two parties, any reconciliation would be( )A. out of questionB. within questionC. out of the questionD. without question9. Examinations are not the only means of _______a student’s ability.( )A. assumingB. assertingC. assigningD. assessing10. She tried to keep a _______ face, but inside she rejoiced at the news.( )A. soberB. stableC. StationeryD. stationary11. The success of yesterday’s concert is due in large part to the extensive_______ campaign they ran for weeks before the event.( )A. persuasionB. publicityC. publicationD. propaganda12. They are_______a change of our present way of life to a greener lifestyle.( )A. imposingB. publicizingC. PreachingD. adapting13. In a _______ between the management and the union, a 4% pay raise was agreed on in return for an increase in productivity.( )A. promiseB. compromiseC. collaborationD. cooperation14. The_______ of women to men at my college is about two to one.( )A. rateB. portionC. percentageD. proportion15. The year 1972 was marked by publication of a_______book, The Limits to Growth.( )A. consistentB. confusedC. considerateD. controversial16. When the flames_______, we will be able to see the extent of the damage.( )A. die downB. die offC. die outD. die away17. We need_______improvement in public support.( )A. trivialB. resultant18. John kept his money stored away in a secret place, for fear his nephew should ( )A. wash his hands ofB. lay his hands onC. capitalize onD. make the best of19. They are poor and uneducated. _______, they are very unlikely to ever have an opportunity to travel abroad.( )A. In caseB. For that matterC. As suchD. At most20. It is hard to _______ the death of a member of your family.( )A. get offB. get byC. get awayD. get overDirections B: There are 20 sentences in this section. In each sentence there is a word or phrase underlined. Below each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that can replace the underlined part of each sentence without changing its original meaning.21. The growth of a city enhances the value of land close to it.( )A. increasesB. decreasesC. emphasizedD. highlighted22. What with dishes to wash and children to put to bed, Susan was late to the meeting.( )A. For the sake ofB. Regardless ofC. Because ofD. In spite of23. In relation to the teaching of English grammar, Mrs. Shapiro has much to say.( )A. ConcerningB. ConnectingC. In support ofD. Aside from24. His dissertation can be broken down into five parts and each discusses a particular issue in the area.( )A. linkedB. connectedC. dividedD. combined25. Perceiving that he wasn’t happy with the arrangement, I tried to book a different hotel.( )A. ForecastingB. ConceivingC. ForeseeingD. Realizing26. It is out of fashion to talk about these pop singers. People are now showing great interest in football.( )A. not popularB. popularC. not wiseD. sillyA. in sightB. close byC. at lengthD. in the way28. With the introduction of advanced technology, our company is now able to build ships of tremendous proportion.( )A. rateB. percentageC. sizeD. portion29. She hated to be caught in such embarrassing circumstances, but she knew it was her own fault.( )A. be involved inB. be trapped inC. be immersed inD. be rough on30. According to the speaker, there are some supernatural phenomena for which no scientists can offer any rational explanation.( )A. virtualB. satisfactoryC. imaginaryD. reasonable31. There is likelihood that she will make a full recovery.( )A. probabilityB. explanationC. assertionD. claim32. You have a legal obligation to ensure that your child receive a proper education.( )A. formulaB. schemeC. dutyD. liability33. The ingredients of a cake usually include eggs, sugar, flour and flavoring.( )A. slicesB. elementsC. essenceD. concept34. I enjoy working with these kids because I’m first and last a school teacher.( )A. at mostB. as a matter of factC. at leastD. all in all35. The dispute finally came down to a question of which side should be responsible for the loss.( )A. was passed along toB. was faced byC. was reduced toD. was judged by36. That was a wonderful experience, I never expected to come my way.( )A. stand in my wayB. belong to meC. get under my controlD. happen to meA. enjoyed myself inB. busied myself inC. indulged myself inD. interested myself in38. When he felt out of sorts, he would rave and stamp, or sink into suicidal gloom...( )A. in high spiritsB. in a bad temperC. desperateD. helpless39. Big arguments stimulate their interest, and with luck engage their attention.( )A. giveB. wake upC. PayD. take up40. Jenny had never been to a big party before and she was ill at ease.( )A. enthusiasticB. uncomfortableC. excitedD. sensitivePart IICloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blanks there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.We were late as (41)_______ . My husband had insisted on doing his (42)_______by himself, and when he discovered that he couldn’t (43)_______he asked me for help at the last (44)_______. So now we had an hour to get to the airport. Luckily, there wasn’t much (45) _______on the road and we were able to get there just in time. We (46) _____in and went straight to the departure hall to wait for our flight to be (47)____. We waited and waited but no (48) ____was made. We asked at the information desk and the girl there told us that the plane hadn’t (49)_______arrived yet. In the end there was an announcement telling us that passengers waiting for Flight LJ 108 could collect a (50)_______meal ticket and that the plane hadn’t left Spain because of (51) _______ problems. We thought that it wasn’t (52 ) _______for the plane to fly. We waited again for (53) _______until late evening when we were asked to (54)_______to the information desk again. This time we were given tickets to (55)_______the night at the airline’s expense in the nearby hotel. The next morning after a (56) _______ night because of all the planes taking off and landing, we reported back to the airport. Guess what had happened while we were (57)_______! Our plane had arrived and taken off again. All the other passengers had been (58)_______up in the night to (59)_______ the plane, but for some reason or (60) _______we had been forgotten. You can imagine how we felt!41. A. always B. usualC. beforeD. yet ( )42. A. packing B. wrappingC. bindingD. filling ( )C. stageD. moment ( )45. A. vehicle B. transportationC. trafficD. passengers ( )46. A. checked B. registeredC. enteredD. appeared ( )47. A. named B. toldC. calledD. made ( )48. A. statement B. declarationC. announcementD. arrangement ( )49. A. ever B. evenC. howeverD. still ( )50. A. expensive B. cheapC. costlyD. free ( )51. A. scientific B. mechanicC. technologicalD. technical ( )52. A.safe B. certainC. comfortableD. right ( )53. A. length B. agesC. timesD. minutes ( )54. A. report B. contactC. touchD. request ( )55. A. stay B. spendC. put upD. pass ( )56. A. sound B. deepC. sleeplessD. poor ( )57. A. overslept B. oversleepingC. sleepyD. asleep ()58. A. woken B. awakeC. awokenD. woke ( )C. elseD. more ( )Part IIIReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Read each passage carefully and decide on the best answer.Passage OneThroughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric (水力发电的) power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes (沼泽) and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways. However, man’s changes to the physical environment haven’t always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrial areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous number of algae (海藻), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers . Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless. Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.61. Man has changed his physical environment with a view to ( )A. altering the physical features of the earthB. modifying the face of the earthC. bettering his way of lifeD. improving his surroundings62. The ecological balance of the sea is lost when( )A. people consume more fish than they used toB. the ecological balance of the river is changedC. the production of marine petroleum is increasedD. large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killed63. The underlined word “modified” in Para 1 means( )C. modeledD. qualified64. Who would most probably disagree with conservationists?( )A.industrialistsB. ecologistsC. businessmenD. environmentalists65. The purpose of the writer is( )A. to reduce the modern technologyB. to improve man’s way of lifeC. to warn people not to change the natural environmentD. to call attention to the protection of the natural environmentPassage TwoIf we are to help students develop reading skills in a foreign language, it is important to understand what is involved in the reading process itself. If we have a clear idea of how “good readers” read, either in their own or a foreign language, this will enable us to decide whether particular reading techniques are likely to help learners or not.In considering the reading process, it is important to distinguish between two separate activities: reading for meaning (or “silent reading”) and reading aloud. Reading for meaning is the activity we normally engage in when we read books, newspapers, road signs, etc.; it is what you are doing as you read this text. It involves looking at sentences and understanding the message they convey, in other words, “making sense” of a written text. It doesn’t normally involve saying the words we read, not even silently inside our heads; there are important reasons for this, which are outlined below.Reading aloud is a completely different activity; its purpose is not just to understand a text but to convey the information to someone else. It is not an activity we engage in very often outside the classroom; common examples are reading out parts of a newspaper article to a friend, or reading a notice to other people who can’t see it. Obviously, reading aloud involves looking at a text, understanding it and also saying it. Because our attention is divided between reading and speaking, it is a much more difficult activity than reading silently; we often stumble and make mistakes when reading aloud in own language, and reading aloud in a foreign language is even more difficult.66. The purpose of the author is to( )A. introduce reading skillsB. explain reading processC. decide whether particular reading skills are likely to help learnersD. emphasize silent reading67. The underlined word “stumble” in Para 3 means ( )C. walking with heavy movementsD. being shy68. We can infer from the passage that the author will( )A. explain why we needn’t say the words when reading for meaningB. summarize the two reading activitiesC. dwell on reading aloudD. insist that guess work should be important in both reading aloud and reading for meaning69. In daily life, reading aloud is( )A. frequently usedB. absolutely importantC. less involved than reading silentlyD. more involved than reading silently70. We can conclude that ( )A. to understand a sentence, you have to read all the words in itB. silent reading involves looking at a text and saying the words silently to yourselfC. there is no difference between reading in one’s own language and in a foreign languageD. reading silently is easier than reading aloudPassage ThreeIn our system of education today, examinations are a common feature. Our present education system has often been criticized as too examination-oriented (以考试为导向的). However, one must remember that in offices and other areas of work, examinations still feature clearly. There is no doubt that the fear and influence of examination cause much preparation work. So it therefore appears that examinations whether considered good or bad would stay for a while as a test of human knowledge.Examinations are means to test the intellect of a person, how much he knows or how he has learnt from a particular course. It is designed to make students study, which should be their immediate mission in life. In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. In the university, students have to pass annual examinations before they are allowed to continue, or study a harder syllabus (教学大纲). (81) Moreover, for entrance into a university, preuniversity examination results would provide a guide as to whether a student has the minimum qualifications necessary.In offices whether government or private ones, examination results show clearly whether a person is fit for promotion. The results indicate how much he knows about the work.In all these cases, examinations inculcate (灌输) a spirit of hard work and competition. Students or office workers canof knowledge.71. The first paragraph mainly indicates that ( )A. although criticized, examinations are still widely usedB. examinations play a bad role in educationC. one should take an argument in favor of examinationD. examinations serve as a test of human knowledge72. The functions of examinations in offices is that their results ( )A. show clearly how well a person is prepared for the examinationsB. show clearly whether a person is fit for promotionC. suggest the way in which the employees deal with routine workD. indicate whether an employee has minimum qualifications necessary73. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?( )A. Examinations can motivate people to work hard and to be competitiveB. Examinations involve much preparation workC. Through examinations, excellent people can be selectedD. Examinations have produced many people capable of their own field74. The underlined word “filtering” in Para 2 means( )A. passingB. purifying by using a filterC. motivatingD. encouraging75. The author’s attitude to examination seems to be ( )A. uncertainB. neutralC. positiveD. partialPassage Four(82) “There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they’re 18, and the truth is far from that,” says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. “There is a major shift in the middle class,” declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining marriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even afterA mother says, “It’s ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.” But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, managing the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times—and left three times, “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,” she explains. “He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends’ house.”Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.76. There was once a trend in the U.S. that ( )A.young adults left their parents and lived independentlyB. with the marriage age rising, young adults spent more time living with their parentsC. middle-class young adults stayed with their parentsD. divorced young adults moved back to their parents’ home77. Which of the following is not the reason for young adults returning home?( )A.They want to seek emotional comfort after divorce.B.They are too naïve to live independently.C.They find housing cost is a serious problem for them.D.It’s difficult for them to afford the expense of away-from home college education.78. The disadvantages of young adults’ staying with their parents are the following except ( )A.the difficulty to support a large familyB. the inconveniences in everyday lifeC. parents’ interference in children’s privacyD. excessive restrictions of children’s behavior79. What is the best way for parents and children?( )A. Parents should let their children alone.B. Children should share the family expenses.C. Children should visit their parents from time to time.D. Children should live independently when they’re 18.80. The underlined word “skyrocketing” means( )A. soaringB. of rocketC. fastD. speedingPart IV Translation (15%)Directions A: Translate the two underlined sentences in Passage Three and Passage Four into Chinese.81. (Passage Three)82. (Passage Four)Directions B: Translate the following into English.83. 各主要候选人的代表都在努力动员选民支持选举。

全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题课程代码：00087请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.A. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了。

这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。

B. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。

C. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了。

这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。

D. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。

2. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was notthinking of anything in particular.A. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没。

B. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。

2008年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试数量方法（二） 试卷 课程代码 0994一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1￥对极端值最敏感的集中趋势度量是（ ） A ￥中位数 B ￥众数 C ￥标准差 D ￥平均数 答案：D解析：对极端值最敏感的集中趋势度量是平均数。

2￥对于峰值偏向左边的单峰非对称直方图，一般来说（ ） A ￥平均数>中位数>众数 B ￥众数>中位数>平均数 C ￥平均数>众数>中位数 D ￥中位数>众数>平均数 答案：A解析：峰值偏左，众数也就往左移，最小，平均数不变，所以，选A3￥设A 、B 、C 为任意三个事件，则“在这三个事件中只有A 发生”可以表示为（ ） A ￥C B A B ￥C B A C ￥C B AD ￥C B A答案：C解析：若事件发生，字母上面没有横线，不发生，则有横线，这题只有事件Ａ发生，所以只有A 上没有横线，B 、C 上面有横线。

4￥设A 、B 为两个事件，P （A ）=0.4，P （B ）=0.3。

如果B ⊂A ，则P （AB ）=（ ） A ￥0.1 B ￥0.3 C ￥0.4 D ￥0.7 答案：B解析：A B ⊂，P （AB ）=P （B ）=0.3 5￥一次品牌调查中，有40%的被调查者喜欢甲品牌，有80%的被调查者喜欢乙品牌，有20%的被调查者既喜欢甲品牌又喜欢乙品牌，求在已知一个人喜欢甲品牌的条件下，他也喜欢乙品牌的概率是（ ） A ￥0.3 B ￥0.4 C ￥0.5 D ￥0.6 答案：C解析：P(甲)=0.4，P （乙）=0.8，P （甲乙）=0.2，()5.04.02.0P P |P ===（甲）（甲乙）甲乙6￥事件A 和B 相互独立，且P （A ）=0.7，P （B ）=0.4，则P （AB ）=（ ） A ￥0.12 B ￥0.21 C ￥0.28D ￥0.42答案：A解析：()()7.0A P 1A P =-=，P （A ）=0.3，P （AB ）=P （A ）P （B ）=0.127￥随机变量X 分布律为P （x=k ）=k!e 4.04.0k -，k=0，1，2，3，…则x 的方差D （x ）=（ ）A ￥0.4B ￥2C ￥2.5D ￥3 答案：A解析：该随机变量X 服从泊松分布，E （X ）=D(X)=0.48￥设随机变量X 的概率密度函数为P （x ）=⎩⎨⎧≤≤其它0 1.5x 12则x 的数学期望E （x ）=（ ）A ￥1B ￥1.25C ￥1.5D ￥2答案：B 解析：25.115.1|2)(x E(X)5.112====⎰⎰∞+∞-x xdx dx x ϕ 9￥设X 与Y 为随机变量，D （X ）=3，D （Y ）=2，Cov （X ，Y ）=0则D （5X-3Y ）=（ ） A ￥8 B ￥57 C ￥87 D ￥93 答案：D解析：D （5X-3Y ）=25D （X ）+9D （Y ）=25×3+9×2=93 10￥随着抽样次数n 的增大，样本均值∑==n1i iXn1X 渐近服从（ ）A ￥二项分布B ￥正态分布C ￥泊松分布D ￥指数分布 答案：B解析：中心极限定理证明了当样本容量n 增大时，不论原来的总体是否服从正态分布，其样本均值将趋向于正态分布。

全国2008年7月高等教育自考综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795I.语法、词汇。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。

(本大题共15小题。

每小题1分，共15分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(15 points)1. You should have been more patient ________ that customer.A. ofB. withC. forD. at2. You may ______ this book; I dont want it anymore.A. getB. remainC. maintainD. keep3. His plans are very ______. He wants to master Chinese, English and French before he enters university.A. arbitraryB. aggressiveC. ambitiousD. abundant4. Mary used to get up late,________?A. does not sheB. didnt sheC. did sheD. use she5. This music album is____ as it was the only one ever signed by the pop star.A. unusualB. uniqueC. rareD. special6. They have discussed the problem for several times but could come to no______.A. endB. conclusionC. resultD. judgment7. In ancient times, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals ______ sightseeing.A. than to goB. rather than to goC. other than goingD. more than going8. Dont risk ______ the job which so many people want.A. losingB. to loseC. lostD. your life to lose9. Fruit is rich _______ vitamins.A. withB. inC. atD. of10. The boy never lets his friends ______ when they need his help.A. inB. downC. offD. out11. The noise was so ____ that only those with sensitive hearing were aware of it.A. dimB. softC. faintD. gentle12. When the poor girl heard the bad news, she ______ completely.A. broke awayB. broke upC. broke downD. broke out13. The purpose of teaching is to____ the minds of the students rather than dull them.A. refreshB. renewC. stimulateD. encourage14. ______ in the country, we had few social engagements.A. LivingB. Having been livedC. Being livedD. Having lived15. You havent lost your ticket, have you?I hope ______ .A. soB. noC. notD. didntⅡ．完形填空。

《英语科技文选》自考真题及答案解析卷面总分：100分答题时间：80分钟试卷题量：36题一、单选题（共30题，共60分）题目1：Why do you blame him for his poor judgment on the matter ______ he really needs is encouragement?A.when thatB.since thatC.when whatD.now that正确答案：C本题解析：译文：当他真正需要鼓励时，你为什么责备他的拙劣判断。

此题考查准确判断句子结构。

when 引导时间状语从句，what he really needs充当这个时间状语从句的主语。

题目2：The outline of rooftops and chimneys ________ against the pale sky.A.pulled outB.looked outC.held outD.stood out正确答案：D本题解析：A 离开B 注意、留神C 提供D 显眼、突出题目3：Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement，he wonders _______ will happen to his family life .A.itB.thatC.whatD.this正确答案：C本题解析：what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。

句意：尽管汤姆对自己的学术成就很满意，但是他想知道他的家庭生活将会如何?During the past two decades, research has ________ our knowledge of daydreaming.A. expandedB.emergedC.descendedD.conquered正确答案：A本题解析：A 扩大B 浮现、露出C 下降D 征服题目5：He was specifically asked to write a play that would be ________ to the local community.A.flexibleB.accessibleC.responsibleD.capable正确答案：BA .灵活的，柔韧的B 容易理解的，好懂的C 负责任的D 有能力的题目6：The students are required to ________ the main ideas of the article in their own words.A.symbolizeB.minimizeC.synchronizeD.summarize正确答案：D本题解析：A 象征B 最小C 同步D 概括题目7：The government finally ________ all the documents relating to the war.A.releasedB.specializedC.realizedD.supposed本题解析：A . “公开发表、公布或发布(新闻) ”B 专门从事、专攻C 意识到、领悟D 假定、猜想题目8：_______, could you get me a Turkish conversation book?A. In this wayB.By the wayC.In no wayD.In any way正确答案：B本题解析：in this way 以这种方法by the way 顺便说in no way 决不，无论如何都不in any way 无论如何题目9：The professor worked for 7 hours at a ________.A.stretchB.extendC.expandD.prolong正确答案：A本题解析：此题考查的是固定词组搭配。

全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语(一)试题课程代码：00794I. 用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将其代码填在答题纸相应的位置上。

(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1. I planned（）the task before last Sunday, but failed because of a bad cold.A. to finishB. to have finishedC. finishingD. having finished2. Tom has been writing letters all morning, but he should finish them by now,（）?A. has heB. hasn’t heC. should heD. shouldn’t he3. We can make some changes in the plan（）you find anything improper.A. in caseB. unlessC. so thatD. even though4. The manner in which he talked reminded me（）his grandfather.A. inB. byC. ofD. towards5. He has made another wonderful discovery,（）of great importance to science.A. I think which itB. which I think isC. that I think isD. which I think it is6. It’s 10∶00 a.m. Mr. Johnson（）home now, for he told me that he would meet me in his office at this time.A. must beB. mustn’t beC. can beD. can’t be7. If only we（）as we were told! This would never have happened.A. didB. had doneC. would doD. would have done8. The key（）success is hardworking and persistence.A. onB. forC. toD. of9. For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only（）to come again the next day.A. to tellB. to be toldC. being toldD. telling10. In our opinion, there is much（）in their proposal.A. to improveB. improvingC. to be improvedD. to have been improved11. Hardly had he rushed out of the gate（）the whole building collapsed right behind him.A. whenB. thanC. thenD. that12. His report is（）it gives a quite clear idea of every fact.A. written as well thatB. written too well thatC. written so well thatD. written well so as13. The book is much too difficult for me; most of it is quite（）my understanding.A. overB. behindC. againstD. beyond14. She will have some visitors tomorrow, so the has to have somebody（）her six-bedroom house today.A. cleanedB. cleaningC. cleanD. to be cleaned15. The wife blamed the husband for not having told her that they were（）short of money.A. turningB. runningC. goingD. proving16. It is hardly（）that I shall be able to present on the occasion.A. possiblyB. feasibleC. incredibleD. likely17. John won’t go hunting tomorrow, and（）.A. won’t his brother neitherB. won’t his brother eitherC. neither his brother willD. neither will his brother18. However hard I tried, I could not（）him that he was wrong.A. believeB. ensureC. convinceD. persuade19. After three days, he came（）. But staring at his wife and children, he could recognize none of them.A. outB. upC. acrossD. to20.（）to our disappointment, all our efforts were proved useless.A. ManyB. MuchC. MoreD. SuchII. 认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。

全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题课程代码：00836I. Directions: Add the appropriate affix(es) to each word according to the given Chinese,making changes when necessary.(10%)1. requisite 先决条件 1.______2. cast 预报 2.______3. system 系统化 3.______4. strength 加强 4.______5. sense 感觉的 5.______6. poison 有毒的 6.______7. mathematics 元数学7.______8. cluster 超星系团8.______9. conductor 半导体9.______10. media 多媒体10.______Ⅱ.Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words and phrases below in its proper form.(10%)allot show up alternative bear out inject with end uphave a bearing on be familiar with bump into what’s more11. Eventually we shall be able to “humanize”animals by ______ them ______ human genes fortransplantation purposes, so that their organs will become compatible with the body of the person receiving the transplant.12. These insights were later ______ by the observations made by Gregor Mendel in the secondhalf of the nineteenth century.13. Men are from Mars, women from Venus.______, women do phonological processing withboth their right and left inferior frontal gyri.14. Such a book would be by no means academic, but would ______ wide ______ the generalhistory of thought and ideas.15. Every day, however, we ______ phenomena that may well be unknowable but that we do notrecognize as such.16. Anyone who needs to understand how various substances interact, or how they change whenconditions change, has to ______ some of the fundamental principles of chemistry.17. Defects ______ as variations from the perfect model because they produce an interferencepattern.18. The group leader ______ a special task to each person.19. But FM-RI is more precise than other techniques—which is how she and her husband ______discovering sex differences in phonological processing, or letter-to-sound conversion.120. It takes time to develop ______ energy sources.ⅢA noteworthy advance in agricultural technology will be expert computer systems that21 knowledge from many disciplines to help guide farmers’ action. Several 22 “decision support systems”are now 23 development to aid farmers with soil management. Most 24 are systems for handling phosphorus deficiency and 25 acidity, but others are in the offing. 26 computer applications not only present an expert analysis 27 what is known and the effect a 28 management approach might produce, but they also can 29 key gaps in knowledge that might be addressed by 30 data collection.The strength of expert systems is 31 they can combine scientific principles with indigenous farming 32 A weakness is that they may not provide 33 answers for situations that evolve rapidly. 34 approach, involving numerical simulations, can35 deal with continuously changing effects such as weather. The aim 36 is to integrate expert systems and simulation models. 37 this goal is accomplished, farmers will 38 use computer-based tools to 39 control pests, reduce water 40 and manage many different kinds of crops.21.__________ 22.__________23.__________ 24.__________25.__________ 26.__________27.__________ 28.__________29.__________ 30.__________31.__________ 32.__________33.__________ 34.__________35.__________ 36.__________37.__________ 38.__________39.__________ 40.__________Ⅳ.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below.(10%)in common be regarded as bump intoafford untanglebe incompatible41. 在许多情况下，接受器官移植的身体对移植器官有排他性。

全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Which of the following words does NOT belong to terminology? ( )A. Penicillin.B. Algebra.C. Symphony.D. Knife.2. In the sentence “I like to see a movie.”, there are ________ functional words. ( )A.2B.3C.4D.53. Of the characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________. ( )A. all national characterB. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT ________. ( )A. fast foodB. TV dinnerC. tahiniD. Watergate5. The prehistoric ________ parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, which English originated from. ( )A. PrussianB. Indo-EuropeanC. CzechD. Russian6. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the ________ set and the Western set. ( )A. EasternB. AfricanC. AmericanD. Northern7. The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /z/ after the following sounds EXCEPT ________.( ) A./z/ B./g/C./d/D./b/精品文档8. The word “recollection” comprises ________ morphemes. ( )A.1B.2C.3D.49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ________. ( )A. worksB. workerC. workingD. worked10. “Dis-” in the word “disloyal” is a ________ prefix. ( )A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative11. The word “AIDS” is a(n) ________. ( )A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The word “smog” is created by blending, with the structure of ________. ( )A. head + tailB. head + headC. head + wordD. word + tail13. So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, “residence” is ________. ( )A. neutralB. informalC. colloquialD. formal14. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________. ( )A. appreciativeB. pejorativeC. connotativeD. collocative15. “Pavement” in British English and “sidewalk” in American English have the same ________.( ) A. motivation B. collocationC. senseD. connotation16. A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________. ( )A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. monosemyD. polysemy17. In both CCELD and LDCE, the most frequently used meaning of the word “gay” is ________.( ) 精品文档A. joyous and lively, merry, happyB. homosexualC. given to social life and pleasureD. bright, brilliant18. All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word “clear” EXCEPT ________.( ) A. dirty B. fussyC. guiltyD. ambiguous19. The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT ________. ( )A. influx of borrowingB. analogyC. psychological factorsD. shortening20. A good example of ________ is the word “manuscript”, which now means “writing by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor”, but its original meaning was “handwriting” only.( )A. degradationB. elevationC. narrowingD. extension21. In the sentence “Never run towards a dangerous animal.”, the word “dangerous” is used in the ________ sense of transfer. ( )A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. The sentence “They saw her duck.” is ambiguous due to ________. ( )A. grammatical contextB. lexical contextC. antonymyD. hyponymy23. The following are types of context EXCEPT ________. ( )A. linguistic contextB. non-linguistic contextC. syntactical contextD. extra-linguistic context24. In the sentence “The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a villa ge hall, a medical centre, and a school.” The meaning of amenity can be inferred from the clue of ________. ( )A. relevant detailsB. word structureC. antonymyD. hyponymy精品文档25. The idiom “hustle and bustle” is a ________ as far as rhetorical feat ures of idioms are concerned. ( )A. simileB. repetitionC. reiterationD. personification26. Sentence idioms embrace the following sentence types EXCEPT ________. ( )A. declarative sentenceB. interrogative sentenceC. imperative sentenceD. simple sentence27. “Beyond the pale” is an idiom ________ in nature. ( )A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial28. The following are the types of dictionary EXCEPT ________. ( )A. monolingual dictionaries and bilingual dictionariesB. linguistic and encyclopedic dictionariesC. specialized dictionariesD. Chinese and English dictionaries29. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980) is a(n) ________ dictionary.( ) A. specialized B. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain the following aspects EXCEPT ________. ( )A. literal meanings of the wordsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. slight differences between words of similar meaningsII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) sources of synonyms; 3) types of motivation; and 4) types of transfer. (10%)A B( ) 31. morphological motivation A. laconic meaning “brief” or “short”( ) 32. associated transfer B. the foot of the mountain精品文档( ) 33. borrowing C. squeak/hiss( ) 34. etymological motivation D. You should address your remarks to the chair. ( ) 35. notional words E. charm/glamour( ) 36. abstract to concrete F. black market/greenhorn( ) 37. semantic motivation G. occupation/walk of life( ) 38. figurative use H. fire/flame/conflagration( ) 39. regional English I. This teaching assistant is an efficient help. ( ) 40. onomatopoeic motivation J. cloud/yellowIII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or ________ of sounds which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment.42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, ________ and borrowing.43. The ________ is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.44. Suffixation generally changes the grammatical function or word ________ of stems of words.45. ________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in qu estion.46. Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.47. There are generally ________ major factors that cause changes in meaning.48. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ________ or non-linguistic context.49. Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent ________.50. Three good general dictionaries are LDCE, CCELD and ________.IV. Define the following terms. (10%)51. bound root52. prefixation精品文档53. pejoration34. homophone55. grammatical contextV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56. What are the types of morphemes?57. What is conceptual meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the changes in word meaning. State your reason with one example.Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.59. What is semantic unity of idioms? Explain it with one example.VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)60. Comment on the following 2 groups of words or sentences to illustrate the semantic features and grammatical features of compounds.Group 1: “red meat/hot dog”Group 2: “He bad-mouthed me. / major generals”61. Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates:[a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.[b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.[a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.精品文档[b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley. 精品文档。

2008年下半年自考英语（二）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Structrue 2. Cloze Test 3. Reading Comperhension 4. Word Spelling 5. Word From 6. Translation from Chinese into English 7. Translation from English into ChineseV ocabulary and Structrue1．He was specifically asked to write a play that would be______to the local community.A．flexibleB．accessibleC．responsibleD．capable正确答案：B解析：句意：他被专门要求写一本当地居民可以看懂的剧本。

本题考查词组的固定搭配。

be accessible to可接近的，可使用的，符合句意。

flexible柔韧的，有弹性的；be responsible for为……承担责任. be capable of doing sth有能力做某事。

2．It is strongly held that new______must be introduced to protect the right of the immigrants.A．statisticsB．constructionsC．measuresD．concessions正确答案：C解析：句意：大家强烈认为必须采取新的措施来保护移民的权利。

本题考查词义辨析。

measure措施，方法，符合句意。

statistic数据，统计资料；construction 造句法，意思；concession减价，特许权。

3．Country life is better than city life______it offers fresh air and noiseless environment.A．in thatB．as thatC．as forD．in which正确答案：A解析：句意：乡村生活比城市生活好，因为农村有新鲜的空气和安静的环境。

2008年7月广东省高等教育自学考试翻译问卷（课程代码8266）考生注意：1.答案必须写在答卷上，写在问卷上无效。

2.考试时间150分钟。

Ⅰ.Choose the best translation for each sentence.(10*2%)1.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind.A.一拿起本书，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。

B.来读书时，他们可都是瞎子。

C.说到读书，他们可都是瞎子。

2.I prefer driving to being driven.A.我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。

B.我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。

C.我开车比被开车更喜欢。

3.They have made this appeal to the Council as a red herring to cover their culpabletracks.A.他们向安理会提出这一上诉，来分散谈话的中心，用以掩饰罪行。

B.他们向安理会提出这一上诉，用的是遮眼法，借以掩饰自己的罪行。

C.他们向安理会提出这一上诉时为了混淆视听，掩饰罪行。

4.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his character.A.他的性格既残暴又狡猾。

B.他的性格是老虎和猿猴的混合体。

C.他既有老虎的性格又有猿猴的性格。

5.The children are always up to amusing tricks.A.孩子们总是喜欢调皮捣蛋寻开心。

B.孩子们总是喜欢一些逗人乐的恶作剧。

C.孩子们总是喜欢玩一些有趣的诡计。

6.Of many thousand spare parts does not come up to the standard but one.A.在成千上万个备件中，除了一个备件部合格，其他没有一个不合格。

B.在成千上万个备件中，只发现一个不合格。

C .谈判者需求D .谈判对手的文化背景全国 2008年 7月高等教育自学考试谈判与推销技巧试题课程代码： 00179一、单项选择题（本大题共 22 小题，每小题 1 分，共 22 分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括 号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．谈判各方协商和采取协商行动，寻求实现商业利益的相互作用的过程，被称为（ B. 商务谈判C. 交易谈判 2．根据博弈论 ,引导合作和创造价值的谈判策略可以（A. 争取有利的谈判条件B. 改变已有的谈判形势C. 获取更大的利益 9.下列选项中 ,属于形成谈判僵局的客观因素是（A .谈判者经验A .提高谈判的重复性B .提高谈判者的机会主义行为C .增加谈判的对手D .扩大谈判的范围3.能够使谈判双方结果达到帕累托改进的是（ A .谈判者利益 B .无形利益 C .经济收益 D .联合收益4.谈判空间是指谈判双方的（ A .保留价格之差 B .底线价格之差 C .可接受价格之差 D .交易价格之差5.当谈判关系及谈判目标的实现同时重要时,理想的谈判战略是（ A .竞争战略 B .折中战略 C .合作战略 D .回避战略6.价格谈判正式开始的标志是（ A .报价 B .还价 C .讨价7.在实践中 ,基本不.采.用.的让步方式是（D .定价）A .等额让步B .递减让步C . 一次性让步D .坚定的让步 8.当谈判双方实力相当时 ,制造僵局的目的是（ A .谈判D .价格谈判D .达成一致的协议B .谈判礼仪10．在谈判中不容．易．．出现对方抵触的僵局处理策略是(A .权力性推动B.程序性推动C.尊重性推动D.压力性推动11．谈判沟通与促销沟通的主要区别是(A•目的不同B.方式不同C.效果不同D.环节不同12.谈判沟通的目的是(A .说服B.理解C.达成D.合作13.跨文化谈判中,更习惯采用较直接沟通方式的国家是(A .法国B.美国C. 日本D.俄罗斯14.在跨文化谈判中,使自己被对方接受的关键是(A .了解对方文化B.增加沟通技巧C.不以自我为中心D.克服语言障碍15.企业实现销售的关键是(A .广告B .产品品牌C.产品产地D.人员推销16.适用于产品类型较多、技术性强的推销人员的组织结构是(A .区域式结构B.顾客式结构C.产品式结构D.复合式结构17.约见顾客非常灵活方便并可反复使用的方式是(A .当面约见B.电话约见C.信函约见D.委托他人约见18.使用FABE介绍法介绍产品时，其中的E是指(A .介绍产品的特征B.介绍产品给顾客带来的利益C.提出证据说服顾客，促成交易D.分析产品的优点19.提高发货水平的关键是(A .订货协议B.订货时间C.订货顾客D.订货控制20.客户对服务是否满意的决定因素是(A .总客户价值B.总客户成本C.客户的让渡价值D.附加服务价值21.帮助中间商开展促销活动属于( )A .间接的激励中间商B.直接激励中间商C.经济上激励中间商D.道义上激励中间商22．能直接基于产品和服务而形成的顾客忠诚是（A .产品忠诚B.情感忠诚C.行为忠诚D.认知忠诚二、多项选择题（本大题共6 小题，每小题2 分，共12 分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

全国自考2008年7月英语语法试题一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given and put a letter A,B,C or D in the bracket.1．I wish I _______ to repair the bike. I only made it worse.（）A．did not try B．wouldn’t try C．had not tried D．wouldn’t have tried2. She earns a good salary, so the _______ be deep in debt.（）A．can’t B．mustn’t C．may not D．needn’t3. Larry is _______ liberal-minded of the two executives.（）A．the more B．more C．the most D．most4. John is eighteen and his brother is two years _______.（）A．elder B．older C．young D．youngest5. She bought a house _______ her parents.（）A．at B．to C．in D．for6. We had to sleep in our wet clothes, _______ was most uncomfortable.（）A．it B．which C．and D．that7. She cooks _______ that reminds me of her mother.（）A．on the way B．by the way C．the way D．in a way8. Pride and Prejudice _______ never failed to characterize the aristocracy.（）A．had B．has C．have D．are9. A: Can I have these apples, Mum?（）B: You just had a big _______.A．thing B．it C．one D．two10. The last time I _______ her, she _______ at a medical college.（）A．was visiting; studied B．visited; studiesC．visited; was studying D．was visiting; was studying11. The numerical evaluation of an intelligence test _________ by a small subsection of that society which _______ to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matter.（）A．has been determined; has been managed B．is determined; is managedC．has determined; is managed D．is determined; has managed12. She _______ it, because she was not on the spot then.（）A．shouldn’t have done B．wouldn’t have doneC．mustn’t have done D．couldn’t have done13. why not _______ to her?（）A．proposing B．proposed C．propose D．did propose14. There exists negligence in the use of land. _______, it may not be ruined.（）A．When giving proper care B．Unless giving proper careC．Given proper care D．Been given proper care15. This school has offered _______ you want.（）A．math books as many as B．as many math books asC．as many as math books D．many as math books16. In 1980 he caught a serious illness _______ effect he still suffers.（）A．which B．from whose C．whose D．from which17. Both players, _______ reached the final, played well.（）A．neither of whom B．neither C．both of them not D．neither of them18. _______, I don’t like his work at all.（）A．As I admire him very much B．Admire him much as I doC．Very much as I admire him D．Much as I admire him19. The old _______ usually self-conceited as age sometimes does tell.（）A．is B．will be C．are to be D．are20. It is sad experience to see all the high school kids _______ there like fools.（）A．to stand B．standing C．having stood D．stood二、选择填空题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）Fill in each of the blanks with one of the items given.21. was completed is completed, is equipped, was equippedThe hotel, which ________ only last year, ________ with a solarium and sauna.22. be, is was, are, were, will be, shall beA. Twenty years ________ very long but not long enough to change a Roman nose into a pug.B. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ________ sea.23. that, which, it, where, who, whomThe air then passes to a compressor, ________ it is compressed, and from ________it is delivered to the combustion chambers.24. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall be, has, have, hadA. He demanded that the dinner ________ paid in US dollars.B. He hopes his dream ________ realized after his graduation from college.25. an, the, these, is, areThe Japanese ________ ________industrious people.26. has, have, itself, themselves, themThe committee ________ been arguing among ________all morning.27. no, not a, neither, nor, noneA. They proposed several solutions, but ________ seemed to be very satisfactory.B. “Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?”“I’m afraid ________ day is possible.”28. police, acoustics, nucleus, pajamas, measles, cattleA. Singular only: ________B. Plural only: ________三、填空题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase.A. Fill in the blank with an assertive, non-assertive or negative word:29. If you’re ________ in Shanghai, do give me a ring.30. Surely ________ knows where the documents are.B. Fill in the blank with a proper form of the word or phrase in the bracket:31. Since I broke my leg, I ________ (depend) on my niece to see to the daily housework.32. She ________ (entitle to)a compensation for her damaged car.33. I guarantee ________ (offer)free repair service within the first three years of your purchase.34. I suppose there’s not much point ________(argu e)any further.35. The more you eat chocolate, ________ (fat)you become.36. How long have you been working in your present position?I ________ (work)there for two years by the coming March.37. Our only request is that this ________ (settle)as soon as possible.38. I’d rather you ________ (not poke)your nose into her affair. Leave her alone.C. Fill in the blank with a determiner:39. John and I have ________ same hobby.40. Lying by the side of the road we saw ________ wheels of a car.D. Fill in the blank with the given adjectives in correct order:41. Copenhagen has a ________ restaurant life with more than 2000 restaurants.(international, bustling)E. Fill in the blank with a proper preposition:42. The duke gave the teapot ________ my aunt.43. His sister has a good ear ________ music.F. Fill in the blank with a proper link verb:44. What I think, say and do ________ none of your business.G. Fill in the blank with a helping verb:45. All ________ satisfied with the hotel accommodations.H. Fill in the blank with a relative pronoun:46. They talked a long time about their university days, after ________ they had a good meal.I. Fill in the blank with a pronoun:47. ________tries to steal our company cars all the time.48. Please bring as ________ food as you can. The more, the better.四、改错题（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. Her husband, that offered us much help when we were in difficulty, is a kind gentleman.50. Help must be given when is necessary.51. A friend of me wanted to see you yesterday.52. We spent the all day sunbathing.53. We had a nice time at John and Susan last night.54. I spoke to either the director and his secretary.55. He has not paid his debts yet and, however, he has no intention of paying.56. The past progressive is chiefly used for past actions which continued for some time but which exact limits are not known.五、改句（本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分）Rewrite the following sentences as required.A. Turning the following imperative into the tag question form:57. Put down all your things on the table. will you?/ won’t you?B. Using passive voice:58. The sad story needn’t have caused him so much distress.He needn’t have been caused so much distress by the sad story.C. Using modal auxiliary:59. I was sure that nobody had noticed his absence. Anybody can’t have noticed his absence.D. Using nonfinite verb form:60. I can’t imagine that he would ever agree to such a proposition.I can’t imagine his ever agreeing to such a proposition.E. Writing a counter-factual conditional based on the given fact:61. He is rather fat. He doesn’t take any exercise.If he took some exercise, he wouldn’t be rather fat.F. Using inversion:62. The plane roared over and the bombs came down, which killed almost all the people in the village.Over roared the plane and down came the bombs, which killed almost all the people in the village.G. Using a cleft sentence to highlight the place adjunct:63. Jack hit Tom at the party. It was at the party that Jack hit Tom.H. Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:64. Keep the big apples in the basket and eat the small apples first.Keep the big apples in the basket and eat the small ones first.G. Using a cleft sentence to highlight the place adjunct:65. Although I do not have the guts to swim in the ocean this time. I promise I will do it next time.Although I do not have the guts to swim in the ocean this time. I promise I will swim in the ocean next time.66. A: Tiss went to India this winter.B: Yes, I know.A: Tiss went to India this winter.B: Yes, I know that he went to India this winter.I. Combining sentences:67. On his way home Jack came across a boy, who was very bright and honest.On his way home Jack came across a boy. The boy was very bright and honest.68. Mr. Bush had an immense fortune, in spite of which he was a most unhappy man.Mr. Bush had an immense fortune. In spite of that he was a most unhappy man.69. Thank you so much for the Christmas card you sent me.You sent me a Christmas card. Thank you so much.六、名词解释（本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分）Define the following terms with examples.70. putative shouldPutative should: Putative should is not very meaningful in its own right; in many cases, its function is to fill in a structural slot. This use of should is commonly found in the that-clause after an adjective or a noun denoting a feeling or an opinion.71. dangling participleDangling participle: when the subject of a participle is not expressed, it is normally understood to be the subject of the main clause. It is usually poor grammar, sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken.72. concordConcord: means agreement, the relationship between two grammatical units.七、简答题（本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分）Answer the following questions.73. What is “complete inversion”?Inversion involves the reversal of S-V order. Complete inversion has the effect of postponement.74. List two situations in which the simple present is used to refer to the past.When the simple present refers to the past time, what are its characteristic uses?[ex. 4 p.132]When the simple present refers to the past, it is always used in:(1)novels to produce a descriptive vividness(2)newspaper headlines;(3)photographic captions;(4)stage directions;(5)utterances with verbs of communication ( say, hear, tell)。