Book 4 Unit 1 Man and Nature6) output 7) retreat 8) abandoned 9) trace 10) eternal 11) investment 12) transfer13) justify 14) nonetheless 15) contributions 16) accelerate 17) threatenP20 2. 1) show signs of 2) called upon 3) off limits 4) in fear of 5) slow down 6) cut down7) from head to foot 8) come by 9) lost out 10) As yet 11) resideP21 1. smoke+fog web+log breakfast+lunch medical +caremotor+hotel net+citizen science+fiction work+alcoholic5) modern primitive 6) natural synthetic 7) nearby distant 8) optimistic pessimistic2) He asked how we were getting along with our work.3) Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4) Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5) He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6) She said I needn't have done all that myself.P23 2. 1) The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.2) He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.3) He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the problem.4) My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5) He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.6) The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.7) Mrs. Don't complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8) The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from hisP25 1. 1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consistsof even smaller particles.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the livematches on TV.9) The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.10) We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.P26 2. Human brings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by "blood" ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of productionSample essay: My Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never b een on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.Book 4 Unit 2 Man and TechnologyP48 1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty 11) boom 12) formal13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly 16) modify 17) roughP49 2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at workP49 1. 1) technological technology 2) eternal eternity 3) miraculous miracle 4) relevant relevance5) analytical analysis 6) luxurious luxury 7) leisurely leisure 8) subjective subject9) prosperous prosperity 10) innovative innovationP50 2. 1)multi-cultural 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic6) multilateral 7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera6) a multi-ethnic community 7) a multimedia dictionary 8) multi-cultural education9) a multilateral trade negotiation 10) multiform technological cooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i 5) a 6) g 7) d 8) e 9) f 10) hP51 4. 1) creative creativity 2) cruel cruelty 3) equal equality 4) local locality 5) major majority6) minor minority 7) original originality 8) pure purity 9) regular regularity 10) superior superiority2) They would probably allow you to do the job if you were in better health.3) They wouldn’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know what they were working for.4) I would have to look it up in the dictionary if I didn’t know the meaning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.P53 2. 1) If we knew where he was, we would try to get in touch with him.2) If it were not for the expense involved, we would go there by plane.3) If we were to miss the train, we would have to wait another four hours.4) If we pooled all our resources, we would have enough money to buy the equipment.1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously 8) fractures 9) eternal 10) groundbreakingP54 1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a ne w library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.P55 2. Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of livi ng is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material weal th is far from enough. People needAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.Book 4 Unit 3 Knowledge and knowledge transferP75 1. d g e f b a h c9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer 13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchangeP80 2. 1) In a way 2) act on 3) to such an extent that 4) opens up 5) close off 6) look intoP81 1. fax-facsimile fridge-refrigerator auto-automobile memo-memorandumburger-hamburger poli-sci - political science demo-demonstration sub-substitute; submarineflu-influenza zoo -zoological garden2. Kingdom 王国；领域fatherhood 父亲的身份（或资格）adulthood 成年brotherhood 手足之情，同胞之爱freedom 自由；自主dukedom 公爵的爵位likeliness可能性neighborhood 街坊，四邻；住宅区wisdom 智慧，才智womanhood 女子成年期；女子气质3. 1) positive 2) certain 3) less 4) unknown 5) completeP83 1. 1) If they hadn’t broken away from the out-of-date regulation, they wouldn’t have made great advances in their work.2) If t hey hadn’t taken proper care of her, she wouldn’t have recovered so rapidly.3) The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.4) We would have had a hard time if we hadn’t followed the right instructio ns.5) The flood would have caused great damage to our property if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs.6) They would have succeeded in the experiment if they had followed the right procedure.2. 1) If English hadn’t become a language of international business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t have required students to study it at school.2) If William hadn’t invaded England in 1066, the English language wouldn’t have had many words of French origin.3) If moder n English hadn’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t have been so irregular.4) If England hadn’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066, French wouldn’t have become the main language of theP85 1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month.8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.P86 2. We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is. According to Victoria Griffith, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust. For example, in the early 17th century, Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Catholic Church more than they trusted science. What was worse, Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer. For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge. People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whom they don’t trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are not familiar with. Cultural and language barriers also hamper the transfer of knowledge between nations or ethnic groups. It would be almost impossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effecitvely, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer. The lack of socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly hinder the flow of knowledge within and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy.Book 4 Unit 4 Work and careerP107 1. 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions 10)coordination 11) declarations 12) spanned 13)recommends/recommended14)moderately 15) slightestP109 2. 1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) worthy of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense6) At a guess 7) earns a living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth intoP109 planetary congratulatory祝贺的；contradictory矛盾的，对立的；customary通常的，习惯的，惯例的；documentary公文的，文件的；explanatory解释的；说明的；imaginary想象中的，虚构的；introductory介绍的，导言的；legendary传说（中）的，传奇的；migratory迁徙的，移居的；visionary有远见的；不实际的P110 1) imaginary 2) congratulatory 3) Migratory 4)documentary5) legendary 6) introductory 7) contradictory 8) explanatoryP111 2. 1) vocation 2) posts 3) trade 4) job 5) work 6) profession 7)career 8) positionP112 1. 1) I don’t remember having borrowed/ borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Profesor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, ha found his classmates had already assembled.2. 1) He was afraid of falling behind the others..2) We were all amused at Henr y’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan ?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.post of general manager of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8) If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.P115 2. Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiam, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he willl find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinaryWhen it comes to the choice of career different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.Practice Test 1 Listening script on Page 275Keys on the textbook Page 279Book 4 Unit 5 Fame and Success8) publicity 9) sufficiently 10) sympathy 11) target 12) educate 13) commerce 14) alike15) bored 16) audiences 17) regard 18) assureP158 2. 1) thrown out 2) and so on 3) for dear life 4) dedicate himself to5) was tired of 6) turn away 7) hang on 8) for the sake ofP159 1. automate—automation housekeep—housekeeperbabysit— babysitter mass-produce — mass-productionbook-keep — book-keeping self-destruct — self-destructiondry-clean — dry-cleaning window-shop — window-shoppingedit— editor wordprocess— wordprocessorP159 2. 1) reached / secured 2) achieved / attained 3) attained / reached4) reach / secure 5) achieved / realized / fulfilled 6) fulfill / meet / satisfyP160 3. 1) dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specificP160 1. 1) (real) subject 2) object to the verb “make”3) predicate 4) a ttribute modifying “opportunity”5) object complement 6) adverbial of purpose 7) adverbial of result 8) predicative9) attribute modifying “person”10) independent element2. 1) To become a famous writer 2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart 5) To understand the situation completely 6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before 8) to apply for a known job opening2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4) She loves giving parties and does os whenever she can find an excuse.5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even i f you are loyal to the company.7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another intervi ew before hiring him.9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.P164 2. Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect form the public. In mostcases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is an other. As long as you have tried your best, you’re alreadySample essay: Fame — Good or EvilFame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one's self-confidence and increase one's sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one's life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media's attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don't seek fame and I don't envy those who are famous. I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: "The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame".Book 4 Unit 6 Attitudes to LifeP187 1. 1) commonplace 2)enduring 3)dim 4)command 5)imperfection 6)intensive 7)abandon 8)finite9)mean 10)weaving 11)additional 12)aspiration 13)gratitude 14)endless 15)faithful 16)committedP188 2. 1) live on 2)dawned upon 3)live by 4)is invested with 5)hold fast to6)all too 7)step aside 8)set out 9)to and fro 10)work atP189 1.alternative comparative creative defensive constructive effective explosive impressive initiative relative1) take effective measures 2) a new kind of explosive 3) the only alternative 4) defensive weapons5) an impressive speech 6) a comparative study of Chinese and western cultures 7) take the initiative to donate blood8) a creative musician 9) a distant relative 10) a constructive proposal2. additional—add pleasant—please beautiful—beautify prosperous—prospercontradictory—contradict radiant—radiant deaf—deafen relentless—relentdifferent—differ respectful—respect intensive—intensify sparkling—sparkleminimal—minimize wonderful—wonder opposite—oppose withered—wither3. 1) provide care (for); receive care; take care; take care of2) give sb. A chance; have a/ the chance; stand a chance (of)3) show concern for; express concern about; voice one’s concern4) agree to one’s demand; give in to one’s demand; give up a demand; make demands on; meet a demand; satisfy a demand5) accumulate experiences; acquire an experience; gain experience; learn from experience6) be filled with fear; be seized with fear; express fear; live in fear (of); for fear of; for fear that (clause)7) accept gift; exchange gifts with; give a gift; present sb. with a gift; receive a gift8) arouse hope; boost one’s hope; bring/give hope to sb.; fulfill a/ the hope; lose hope; raise one’s hope9) build up one’s strength; develop/ find /gain/gather/save one’s strengthP191 2. 1) Emma is an expert in/ on organic farming.2) There is a greater demand for cars these days.3) The computer has had a great impact on our modern life.4) Henry has a talent for making people laugh.5) Many people in this country are demanding a reduction in taxes.P191 1) wither 2) sense 3) faithful 4) commit 5) aspirations 6) gratitude 7) dawns 8) accumulatedcountry on behalf of his government.2) All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination.3) Although her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see him back home sooner .4) I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chinese companies.5) At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives .6) With the great aspirations to become an astronaut, Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution training.7) His paintings, drawing on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the Europeans’ taste of that period.8) The bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the ac cident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board.9) He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down.10) From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct.P193 2. What is truth? Truth is the correct reflection of people’s knowledge about the objective world and its laws. Truth makes people full of hope and life full of brilliance and glory. Therefore, many people regard the pursuit of truth as the ultimate goal of their lives to the truth and make understanding contributions to mankind.Truth is both absolute and relative. We say that truth is absolute because truth can objectively reflect the essential of things. However, any truth is but people’s correct understanding of the development of things at a certain stage. Therefore, truth is relative and develops constantly.Sometimes, the brilliance of truth may dim but it will never die out. For some people, truth may seem beyond their reach.People hold different attitudes towards life. Some take a positive attitude and they always appreciate the beauty of life with zeal and gratitude. Some take a negative attitude towards life and any slight trouble in life may seem like the end of the world to them.A positive attitude ensures a happy, successful and healthy life. With a positive attitude, people find it easy to accept challenges and overcome obstacles while maintaining peace of mind. Besides, a positive attitude boosts their self-esteem, lifts their morale and helps them fulfill their commitments both in their career and in their everyday life. Moreover, medical research shows that positive thinking can improve the immune system and strengthen the body's resistance to diseases.There are several ways to develop a positive attitude towards life. One needs to think positively, read uplifting stories, hang around with optimistic people, give up jealousy, and participate in meaningful activities. By building a positive attitude towards life, one can enjoy a happy, successful and healthy life.。
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