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绪论单元测试1.旅游是展示和传承文化的一种重要形式。
（）A:对B:错答案:A2.本课程借用《大河之舞》介绍了美国的踢踏舞。
（）A:对B:错答案:B3.自20世纪80年代以来，文化旅游逐渐成为现代旅游业发展的主流之一。
（）A:对B:错答案:A4.课程借2014年习近平主席访问新西兰，介绍毛利文化。
（）A:对B:错答案:A5.课程借用电影《霍比特人》，介绍澳大利亚的自然风光。
（）A:错B:对答案:A6._____是旅游之魂。
（）A:景点B:文化C:服务D:游客答案:B7.本课程主要介绍了______个英语国家旅游文化。
（）A:8B:7C:5D:6答案:D8.下列哪个国家没有出现在本课程讨论内容中？（）A:澳大利亚B:新西兰C:南非D:爱尔兰答案:C9.本课程借用《爸爸去哪》节目内容推介了哪个国家的风光？（）A:加拿大B:新西兰C:美国D:英国答案:B10.本课程借用《哈利波特与混血王子》电影推介了哪个景点？（）A:尼亚加拉瀑布B:黄石公园C:科罗拉多大峡谷D:莫赫悬崖答案:D第一章测试1.During the First World War, Britain allied with ______.A:Germany and Austria-HungaryB:the Central PowersC:TurkeyD:France and Russia答案:D2.Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War?A:Neville ChamberlainB:George VIC:Theodore RooseveltD:Winston Churchill答案:D3.Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken onlyonce between 1649 and 1660.A:ParliamentB:MonarchyC:Privy CouncilD:Cabinet答案:B4.Which of the following king was responsible for the complete establishmentof the feudal system in England?A:Alfred the GreatB:Henry IIC:William the ConquerorD:Edward I答案:C5.The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finestexpression in the so-called ______.A:Romantic poetryB:Elizabethan poetryC:Elizabethan dramaD:Romantic fiction答案:C6.The favorite beverage of Britain is coffee, which is typically had between 4and 6 pm.A:对B:错答案:B7.The author of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll, was aprofessor in Cambridge University.A:错B:对答案:A8.Hong Kong was transferred to China in 1997.A:对B:错答案:A9.London wa s UNESCO’s first City of Literature.A:错B:对答案:A10.Glasgow was recognized as a UNESCO City of Music in 2008.A:错B:对答案:B第二章测试1.Which of the following is not a color of the national flag of the Republic ofIreland?A:GreenB:OrangeC:WhiteD:Red答案:D2.In recent years, Ireland has attracted many international students for thefollowing reasons except ________.A:high education qualityB:competitive tuitionC:comparatively low living costD:convenient transportation答案:D3.“When You Are Old” is a poem written by_______.A:W. B. YeatsB:George Bernard ShawC:Robert BurnsD:William Shakespeare答案:A4._______ is the high season for visitor to Ireland.A:SummerB:WinterC:AutumnD:Spring答案:A5.Who visited China in 1933?A:James JoyceB:HemingwayC:Bernard ShawD:Yeats答案:C6.Jonathan Swift is an Irish satirist.A:对B:错答案:A7. A guided tour given by students in Trinity College is informative and free.A:错B:对答案:A8.Irish people often add some coffee into the pot when they make Irish stew.A:错B:对答案:A9.Kissing the Blarney Stone is believed to make one happier.A:对B:错答案:B10.Irish people are tea lovers and they drink more tea than Chinese people onaverage.A:错B:对答案:B第三章测试1.In “The Old Man and the Sea” Hemingway praises the old man’s attitudetowards________．A:defeat and failureB:natureC:the seaD:his work答案:A2.In order to remember George Washington, ________．A:a tall monument was built in the capitalB:an expensive car was named after himC:a memorial hall was built in Washington D.C.D:a memorial hall was built in his birthplace答案:Apleted in 1974 in Chicago, ________used to be the tallest building in theworld.A:The Twin TowersB:The Sears TowerC:The Empire state buildingD:The Chrysler Building答案:B4.In the 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationism, but the ______suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelled the U.S. into World War II.A:Pearl Harbor attackB:bombing of Guam islandC:seizing of American merchant shipsD:sinking of American passenger ships答案:A5.The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______.A:Veterans’ DayB:HalloweenC:Thanksgiving DayD:Independence Day答案:D6.NATO is a regional economic organization.A:对B:错答案:B7.The United States’ national flag is older than the Union Jack of Britain.A:对B:错答案:A8.The Americans are accustomed to giving tips for those who serve them.A:对B:错答案:A9.Americans no longer use the old British system of measurement while theBritish still use.A:对B:错答案:B10.The U.S. ranks 3rd in the world in terms of population.A:对B:错答案:A第四章测试1.________ is the largest city in Canada.A:MontrealB:OttawaC:TorontoD:Vancouver答案:C2.________ has historically been used as a Canadian symbol.A:The polar bearB:The maple leafC:The penguinD:The eucalyptus leaf答案:B3.. When did Canada recognize the People’s Republic of China?A:In 1970B:In 1978C:In 1976D:In 1972答案:A4.________ was the biggest tourist-generating country for short term visits toCanada in 2016.A:The U.S.B:AustraliaC:ChinaD:The U.K.答案:A5.________ is the capital of Canada.A:TorontoB:MontrealC:VancouverD:Ottawa答案:D6.Margaret Atwood thinks “innovation” should be the central symbol ofCanadian literature.A:对B:错答案:B7.Hockey is Canada’s oldest spor t.A:对B:错答案:B8.The CN Tower is a bit taller than the Oriental Pearl TV Tower in ShanghaiA:对B:错答案:A9.Niagara Falls can be admired in both Canada and Mexico.A:错B:对答案:A10.Canada is famous for its high-quality ice wine.A:错B:对答案:B第五章测试1.________ is the largest city of Australia.A:PerthB:SydneyC:CanberraD:Melbourne答案:B2.The European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers was in________．A:1708B:1778C:1678D:1606答案:D3.The population of Australia is similar to that of _________.A:LondonB:Washington D.C.C:ShanghaiD:Hong Kong答案:C4.Australia Day marks ________.A:the discovery of AustraliaB:the foundation of the first British colonyC:the foundation of the commonwealth of AustraliaD:independence of Australia答案:B5.Which of the following is not on the Australian Coat of Arms?A:KangarooB:EmuC:KookaburraD:Wattle答案:C6.It is illegal to eat the kangaroo in Australia.A:对B:错答案:B7.Christianity is the official national religion in Australia.A:错B:对答案:A8.Many introduced animals and plants are popular among Australians.A:错B:对答案:A9.The main feature of Australia’s trade is that it has always involved theexchange of raw materials for finished products.A:对B:错答案:A10.Australia used to be a penal colony for British government in history.A:错B:对答案:B第六章测试1.It was________ who came to New Zealand and claimed the land for the British.A:Edward Sibbon WakefieldB:William HobsonC:Abel TasmanD:James Cook答案:D2.Who are the Maori?A:The native island people of New ZealandB:A tribe of indigenous people who lived in America before the arrival of EuropeansC:Ancient nomadic warrior tribes that settled in Great Britain and Ireland D:The original people of Australia答案:A3.What is a Kiwi?A:A fruit from New ZealandB:A bird from New ZealandC:The colloquial demonym for New ZealandersD:All of the above mentioned答案:D4.Which of the following is NOT the official language of New Zealand?A:MāoriB:New Zealand Sign LanguageC:EnglishD:French答案:D5.________ is the capital of New Zealand.A:ChristchurchB:AucklandC:HamiltonD:Wellington答案:D6.The biggest tourist generating country for New Zealand is the US.A:对B:错答案:B7.Over three-quarters of the population live on the North Island because it isflatter than the South Island.A:对B:错答案:A8.New Zealand is similar in size to France.A:对B:错答案:B9.New Zealand has only one time zone.A:对B:错答案:A10.In New Zealand, the head of the state is represented by the Governor General.A:错B:对答案:B。
The British Educational SystemAs far as we know, there are pre-primary schools, primary schools, secondary schools and university or college. Pre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged 2 to 4/5 through playgroups and nursery schools. And many of them are private. The emphasis of pre-primary schools is on group work, creative activity and guided play.Two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain: 1. State Schools: 11-year Compulsory Education (5-16), we can know that there is comprehensive school (84%), grammar school (3%) or secondary modern school (7%) from the state primary school. 2. Public schools/Independent schools: there is an only 7% public (independent) school from prep school.What are the main differences between the two? We can find four points. 1. School Funding. In state schools, state funding from central government; supplemented by local finance. And in public schools, funding from tuition fees; endowments or donations from society (esp. alumni to their ammeters). 2. Attendance. There are 93% in state schools, only 7% in the public schools. 3. Teaching Staff and Facilities. Public schools have better teaching staff & facilities. 4. Graduates. Students from the public schools are more promising, e.g. Eton College has educated 20 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancellors of Exchequers, etc.Compulsory education begins at 5 in England, Wales and Scotland and 4 in Northern Ireland. Pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools (co-educational or mixed schools). Infants schools have equal to the first schools (for 2 years from 5). Junior schools (for 4 years to 11). There’s little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis is on literacy and numeracy in early years.Compulsory education ends at age 16. At 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations involving a final exam, an assessment of work done during the two-year course, or both of these things. Then they can leave school and find a job. Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training and get the GNVQ (GeneralNational V ocational Qualification).In my opinion, about the entrance procedures, in the third term of Year 12, students prepare their applications to university. Applications are then made in the first term of the Year 13 through one centralized organization known as UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service). Students can apply to a maximum of 6 universities/institutions. Admission-selection on basis of A level results & an interview.In teaching methods, we can see, the UK educational system encourages self-study, discussions and practical work. The students may have time-tabled classes or might be encouraged to do more of independent work for a substantial amount of time depending on the course.Most of the courses would include the following teaching methods: lectures, seminars, tutorials, independent workand coursework.There are two famous universities in Britain. They are the Cambridge and Oxford. Cambridge University was founded in 1209 by students fleeing from Oxford after one of the many episodes of violence between the university and the town of Oxford. Cambridge is one of the world’s great universities, and has the ability to transform lives. If you study here, you will experience that quality at first hand. Day to day, you will work with academic staff who are leaders in their fields, and who are also committed to see you succeed, and to help you develop your ideas, knowledge and understanding.Legend has it that Oxford University was founded by King Alfred in 872 to encourage education and establish schools throughout his territory. Like a grammar school, it was just a place for teaching Latin grammar at that time. The University actually began in the 12th century as gatherings of students around popular masters. The university consisted of people, not buildings. The buildings came later as a recognition of something that already existed. In a way, Oxford was never founded; it grew.Oxford is one of the greatest universities in the world. It has played a distinguished part in the history of our country and our continent, and has much to contribute to our success and our well-being as a civilized community in the future.The Boat Race between Oxford & Cambridge started June 10, 1829.The event is now a British national institution, and is televised live each year. The race has beenwon by Cambridge 79 times and Oxford 73 so far. The race is currently run over a four mile and 374 yard (6.8 km) stretch of the River Thames between Putney and Mortlake in London.Oxford wear dark blue and Cambridge light blue.In Chinese higher education, we can find five dilemmas. There is enrollment expansion, elite education vs mass education, intense competition in the job market, resources are straining and education quality is suffering.There are five defects of Chinese higher education. Defect 1: Blind Enrollment Expansion. Universities seem to have enrolled more than they can accommodate! Limited facilities & space, insufficient resources, shabby dorms (slum)…Expansion means a lot more! Fierce competition in the job market. Defect 2: Awkward Teaching Method. Teachers tend to spoon-feed their students who are in turn spoon-fed and force-fed!More trust, freedom, interactions and responsibilities for the students! Teachers should serve as advisors & assistants!Defect 3: Prescribed / Designated Textbooks. A lack of flexibility (few alternative choices), Outdated contents (keep pace with), The prescribed textbooks can be replaced by …Defect 4: Unreasonable Curriculum. Many outdated courses should be abolished! More utilitarian courses are welcome! (Computer Science, Business, Finance, Accounting and Law)One shouldn’t be confined to one’s specific field.Moral education is in urgent demand! (campus violence, suicide, theft, murder) Defect 5:Unfair Assessment System. Exam-oriented style! (Scores talk!)Students: exams of lottery(memory test / work overtime shortly before the test)How can we improve it? I will show my answer. It’s a time-consuming & systematic project.Never wait for the improvement! Get a move now! You and me are part of Chinese higher education! Try to make the best and most of the current situation! Stop complaining and try to make a difference from now on.。
小学教育英国的教育旨在帮助学生尽量发展个人才能，并将这些才能加以培训，进而贡献社会。
英国法律规定家长必须确保年龄在五至十六的子女接受全日教育。
英国约有百分之九十三的儿童在公费资助的学校读书，即国立学校；其余的儿童则就读不受公费资助的学校(有时指公立或私立学校)。
一般来说，英国国立小学为五至十一岁的儿童而设；在苏格兰及英格兰部分地方，小学学龄延至十二岁。
小学通常分为"幼儿"及"初级"两部分。
但有些地区由国立地方教育局所开办的学校则使用三级制：即初小、高小和中学。
小学生八或九岁转读高小，并在十二或十三岁时读中学。
大部分小学都是男女同校的。
私立小学通常被称为"预备学校"，为七至十三岁的学生作好准备，通过考试入读私立中学。
虽然政府并无硬性规定五岁以下的儿童必须入学，但大部分地区的地方教育局(LFAs)均有提供学前或幼儿教育，由合资格的老师任教。
五岁时,按照法律是必须上学的年龄,多数五岁的孩子这时候会进入Infant School,而七岁进入Junior School(初级学校).英国的多数公立学校将Infant School与Junior School合并起来,组成Pri mary School(即我们说的小学).英国的小学基础教育与中国大陆,台湾和香港的小学比起来要容易,轻松得多.这也许是西方教育的仁慈之处吧,小孩子就该多玩一玩.因此,许多已在本国念过小学的小孩子,到了英国在班里的成绩总是领先.不知是好事还是坏事。
虽然英国的私立小学(Prep school)大多接受海外学生,但来英国"留小学"的为数实在不多.此外，也有独立由个别人士和志愿机构开办的学前教育班。
为幼儿提供早期教育，可使他们在读小学时更能适应学校生活。
中学教育多年来，英国政府为全国五至十六岁的学生提供强制教育。
在十三岁到十六岁的时候,学生们进入独立学校(即类似于台湾的国中,香港的中学,及中国大陆的初级中学),学生们在独立学校的任务基本上是准备GCSE的考试,GCSE是一个普通中学教育证书,学生们可以选择最多至十个不同的科目.拿到了GCSE的证书,也就标志着中学教育的结束.在完成中学的课程,拿到GCSE后.学生就可以决定是要念高等学校还是为工作做准备.当然这时候,学生是不可以直接去大学的,GCS E的完成是相当于中国大陆和台湾的高中一年级结束.而台湾和中国大陆的高中二年级和三年级(年龄在约16-18岁)就是英国的继续教育(扩充教育)时期.香港引用英国的教育制度,因此这里与英国是一样的.许多留学生是在这时候来英国留学的。
Cash Benefits5）改革reformsIn the late 1990s a working-families tax credit（税务减免）replaced income support for low-paid working households with children; the government introduced a national minimum wage;the government also introduced a children’s tax credit toprovide additional support to low-and middle-income families.5）改革：在20世纪90年代后期，提出工薪家庭税收减免政策，来取代对低收入家庭孩子的收入支持，政府还出台了国家最低工资标准。
政府还出台了一个儿童税收减免，以向中低收入家庭提供更多的支持。
在20世纪中期1）在20世纪中期，英国地方政府营造了简易住宅（包括公共房产）1980年2）1980年“购买权”法律的出现，很多租户变成了业主居住者。
21世纪开端3）21世纪开端，当地政府对房屋的占有率几乎减半。
1）教育国务大臣全面负责英格兰的教育，并对议会、教育部和科学部负责2）在苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰，教育部门由部长领导，并对区议会负责。
初、中级教育是地方政府的责任。
地方教育机构雇佣教师，并提供教育经费。
少数的学校由自愿者经营，多具备宗教性质。
也有一小部分是私营的。
3）初级教育是免费的，从5岁到11岁是义务教育。
地方教育机构通过各种组织形式，为11到19岁的孩子提供中等教育，中等教育是免费的，义务教育到16岁。
1）除了公立学校，一小部分私立学校（常被称为“公学”）为1到20岁的孩子提供教育。
2）在英国，那些私立学校常被称为“公学”。
3）这些学校的教育资金来源于学费和私人募捐。
4）其中的大部分学生来自富裕家庭，并非常愿意继续到名牌大学深造。
《英国社会与文化（英）》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程代码：17002302课程名称：英国社会与文化（英）英文名称：The Society and Culture of the UK课程类别：通识必修课学时：32学分：2适用对象: 国际商学院财务管理中外联合培养项目考核方式：考试先修课程：商务英语阅读II，商务英语写作II二、课程简介《英国社会与文化》（英）专门针对广东财经大学国际商学院财务管理中外联合培养项目二年级学生开设的大学英语系列改革课程之一。
该课程作为学生赴英国学习之前开设的桥梁课程，旨在帮助学生深入了解英国的历史地理、政治经济、风土人情、民族特性、思维模式、传统习俗和价值观念；该课程同时注重以启发、讨论和训练等形式，培养学生的批判性思维以及独立思考、深度分析、解决问题的能力，在提高学生英语综合运用能力的同时，也强化其跨文化交际意识和国际视野，扫除在中西方交流中的文化障碍, 满足学生今后出国留学或在国际交流中的需要。
同时，在教学过程中融入思想政治教育，引导学生批判地学习西方文化，增强学生的民族文化认同感和自信心，不仅学会用英语看世界，更学会用英语讲好中国故事。
该课程持续 16 周，每周 2 节课，共 32 学时。
教学采取以学生为中心, 教师讲授为引导，学生阅读与主题讨论为辅助的模式；将面授与机助学习，课内讲授和课后自主学习紧密结合起来。
本课程的教学评估包括形成性评估和终结性评估。
"The Society and Culture of the UK" (English) is one of the series of reform courses in College English for sophomores in the experimental class of training Chinese and foreign talents in financial management of Guangdong Universityof Finance and Economics. As a bridge course for students before they go to Britain to study, the course aims to help them understand the history and geography, politics and economy, customs, national characteristics, thinkingpatterns, traditions and values of Britain. It also pays attention to cultivating critical thinking, independent thinking, in-depth analysis and problem solving in the form of inspiration, discussion and training. The course can not only improve comprehensive ability of using English, but also strengthen their awareness of cross-cultural communication and international vision, remove cultural barriers in the communication between China and the West, so that it can meet the needs of students studying abroad or in international exchanges in the future.The course lasts a semester, 2 classes a week, 32 hours in total. The teaching mode is student-centered, teacher-guided and student-assisted reading and topic discussion. It combines face-to-face teaching with computer-assisted learning, in-class teaching and after-class autonomous learning. The teaching evaluation of this course includes formative assessment and summative assessment.三、课程性质与教学目的《英国社会与文化》（英）是一门通识必修课，其主要目的是介绍英国的地理概貌、政治制度、经济概况、文化传统、体育娱乐、宗教信仰及社会生活等方面的基本知识。
英国社会文化名词解释简答题一：名词解释：1、英国宪法：British ConstitutionBritain doesn’t have a constitution written down in a single document. The constitution flows from 6 sources:1) The Royal Prerogatives 皇家特权2) *Statute Laws成文法, They are Acts of Parliament and subordinatelegislation made under powers conferred by Parliament. They are a large amount of ‘unwritten’law gathered from numerous decisions of the courts and other sources3) *Common Laws 普通法, 判例法4) *Conventions 习惯法It is one of the main components of the BritishConstitution. It refers to the Bills which have been passed by courts.5) Authoritative Opinions 权威意见6) European Union Laws 欧盟法2、英国议会：British ParliamentThe Parliament is made up of three elements: The Crown (the Queen); The House of Lords；The House of Commons. The real centre of parliamentary power lies in the House of Commons. It is the supreme law making institution in Britian. The Parliament has other functions: such as control and criticize the executive government; control the raising and the spending of money.3、BBCBBC is the short for British Broadcasting Corporation. The company was founded in 1922. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff. Its main responsibility is to providepublic service broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. The main channels are TV/radio channels ,public service, BBC 1 & BBC 2. It is the principal public service broadcaster in the United Kingdom, with its headquarters at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. TV/radio channels.4、下议院The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the most powerful and important element in UK. It is the real center of British political life. There are three main functions, make laws; control and criticize the executive government; control the raising and spending of money . Every member of Parliament is elected by a constituency. The people who gets most votes deserve to be elected. There are 650 members in Common house. There are known as members of Congress.5、上议院The House of LordsIt exercises the supreme judicial power. It is an important part of Parliament. The Lords acts as a revising chamber for legislation and its work complements the business of the Commons. It must pass all financial legislation sent to it from the House of Commons, and can delay other Bills for only one year. It has a special judicial function. There are about 1160 members. Members are mostly appointed by the Queen, a fixed number are elected internally and a limited number of Church of England archbishops and bishops sit in the House. Most of them are hereditary peers of the realm. Some of them are non-hereditary peers.6、内阁The CabinetThe British cabinet is the highest organ of State Administration. The prime minister is the head of government,the cabinet is the leading center of the government. The Cabinet is composed of the chiefs of the most important ministries and departments. It consists of The Minister of Defense, the Foreign Secretary and the Chancellor of the Exchequer. It is appointed by the Queen with the advice of the PM. The most senior members of the Cabinet are the Deputy Prime Minister, Foreign Secretary, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary. There has never been a set number for posts within the Cabinet. The most common figure for a Cabinet is 22. They are called the Cabinet Ministers.二：解答题1、英国教育体系British EducationThe oldest schools in UK are Oxford and Cambridge. It has comprehensive schools, grammar school ,public school.The comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. They select its intake without considering their students’ academic background. They provide a general education that people can learn everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cook ing. Actually private schools are called independent schools .they are actually private schools. They are funded by a combination of endowments, tuition fees and other non-governmental funding. They are long established and have gained a high academic standard as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. Boy’s public schools include such schools as Eton and Harrow. Girl’s famous public schools Roedean. Public schools are not part of national educational system and are restricted to the students whose parents are competitively rich.2、Does it mean that the Queen is “a useless relic of a bygone age” ? The queen represents the British Sovereign .It canbe seen as having two roles: Head of State, and 'Head of the Nation'.As Head of State, The Queen undertakes political duties which have developed over one thousand years of history.There are also inward duties: To appoint a new Prime Minister; To summon, prorogue and dissolve Parliament; To sign acts of Parliament,; To hold meetings with the Prime Minister. To serve as the commander-in-chief of the Armed forces and the Supreme governor the Church of England.The Queen has long been regarded with considerable respect and affection by her people! Most probably its real importance lies in its effect on public attitudes.“Although she has almost no power, she counts a lot just by being there.”She is above party politics, serving as a symbol of national unity, & “lending dignity & significance to all things done in her name”. So it is not a useless relic of a bygone age.3、君主立宪制Constitutional MonarchyIt is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written or unwritten constitution. It is one in which theMonarch respects the Constitution. In the Glorious Revolution (1688),William and Mary became the joint rulers of Britain, and the constitutionalMonarchy began. The bill of Rights passed by the Parliament in 1689 afterthe Glorious Revolution. The bill marked the beginning of the BritishConstitutional Monarchy.4、两大政党The Conservative Party the Labour PartyThe Conservative Party is the major right-wing party in Britain ;It is supported by middle or up classes such as landowners, businessmen and nobles; and represent the interests of the monopoly bourgeoisie and aristocracies, support free enterprise and opposed to nationalization and to extending social services ;Beliefs:Government: central control, a strong legal system—more police, school discipline;Free-market: lower taxes;Welfare provision: cleaner hospitals;Nationalism: controlled immigration;the Labour Party is the principal left party in England, Scotland and Wales since the 1920s , and represent the interests of the working class as against the interests of the employers, in favor of nationalization as key industries;Beliefs:Government: work together, nationally and internationally; (more opportunity, more growth: trade deals, help offered to poor countries, to stimulate domestic economy );take action, not to let recession run its course ;New measures: banking reforming, policing, crime reduction, public services, etc.Fairness: fair chances for all; fair rules;。
