2014考研英语模拟测试题一

2014考研英语阅读理解考前模拟题Text1An industrial society,especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain,is heavily dependent on certain essential services:for instance,electricity supply,water,r ail and road transport,and harbors.The area of dependency has widened to include remov ing rubbish,hospital and ambulance services,and,as the economy develops,central comp uter and information services as well.If any of these services ceases to operate,the whol e economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the powerof trade unions such an important issue.Single trade unions have the ability to cut off m any countries'economic blood supply.This can happen more easily in Britain than in som e other countries,in part because the labor force is highly organized.About55percent of British workers belong to unions,compared to under a quarter in the United States.For historical reasons,Britain's unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lin es,rather than on an industry-by-industry basis,which makes a wages policy,democracy i n industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve. There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement,some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure.Some unions have lost many memb ers because of their industrial changes.Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades.Unions for skilled trades are separate from general uni ons,which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions.In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies,unions can fight for their members disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed.The printing of ne wspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companiesdo,problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union.Some trade union officials haveto be re-elected regularly;others are elected,or even appointed,for life.Trade union officials have to work with a system of“shop stewards”in many unions,“shop stewards”be ing workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.(411words)26.Why is the interdependence of the UK economy mentioned in paragraph1?[A]To point up the importance of the trade union power.[B]To outline in brief the great scale of essential services.[C]To illustrate the danger in the whole economic system.[D]To bring out a centralized and concentrated industrial society.27.Because of their out-of-date organization some unions find it difficult to[A]recruit new members to join.[B]remold themselves as industries change.[C]adapt to advancing technologies.[D]bargain for high enough wages.28.Disagreements arise between unions because some of them[A]take over other unions'jobs.[B]try to win over members of other unions.[C]protect their own members at the expense of others.[D]intend to represent workers in new trade organizations.29.What basic problem are we told most trade unions face?[A]They are equal in size of influence.[B]They are less powerful than ever before.[C]They don't have enough members.[D]They are not organized efficiently.30.The title which best expresses the idea of the text would be[A]British Trade Unions and Their Drawbacks.[B]A Centralized and Concentrated Society.[C]The Power of Trade Unions in Britain.[D]The Structure of British Trade Unions.Text2Is the literary critic like the poet,responding creatively,intuitively,subjectively to the written word as the poet responds to human experience?Or is the critic more like a scie ntist,following a series of demonstrable,verifiable steps,using an objective method of an alysis?For the woman who is a practitioner of feminist literary criticism,the subjectivity versus objectivity,or critic-as-artist-or-scientist,debate has special significance;for her,the qu estion is not only academic,but political as well,and her definition will provoke special r isks whichever side of the issue it favors.If she defines feminist criticism as objective and scientific—a valid,verifiable,intellectual method that anyone,whether man or woman,c an perform—the definition not only makes the critic-as-artist approach impossible,but may also hinder accomplishment of the utilitarian political objectives of those who seek to ch ange the academic establishment and its thinking,especially about sex roles.If she defines feminist criticism as creative and intuitive,privileged as art,then her work becomes vuln erable to the prejudices of stereotypic ideas about the ways in which women think,and w ill be dismissed by much of the academic establishment.Because of these prejudices,wo men who use an intuitive approach in their criticism may find themselves charged with inability to be analytical,to be objective,or to think critically.Whereas men may be free to claim the role of critic-as-artist,women run different professional risks when they choose intuition and private experience as critical method and defense.These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably beless an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle,in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholarsonly now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers will be at stake,andwith them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding,a contrib ution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.As long as the academic establishment continues to regard objective analysis as“mas culine”and an intuitive approach as“feminine,”the theoretician must steer a delicate phil osophical course between the two.If she wishes to construct a theory of feminist criticism, she would be well advised to place it within the framework of a general theory of the critical process that is neither purely objective nor purely intuitive.Her theory is then more likely to be compared and contrasted with other theories of criticism with some degree of dispassionate distance.(418words)31.Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the text?[A]How Theories of Literary Criticism Can Best Be Used[B]Problems Confronting Women Who Are Feminist Literary Critics[C]A Historical Overview of Feminist Literary Criticism[D]Literary Criticism:Art or Science?32.According to the author,the debate has special significance for the woman who is a theoretician of feminist literary criticism because[A]women who are literary critics face professional risks different from those facedby men who are literary critics.[B]there are large numbers of capable women working within the academic establishment.[C]there are a few powerful feminist critics who have been recognized by the academic establishment.[D]like other critics,most women who are literary critics define criticism as either s cientific or artistic.33.The author specifically mentions all of the following as difficulties that particularl y affect women who are theoreticians of feminist literary criticism EXCEPT the [A]tendency of a predominantly male academic establishment to form preconceptions about women.[B]limitations that are imposed when criticism is defined as objective and scientific.[C]likelihood that the work of a woman theoretician who claims the privilege of art will be viewed with prejudice by some academics.[D]tendency of members of the academic establishment to treat all forms of feminist literary theory with hostility.34.It can be inferred that the author would define as“political”(Line1,Para.3)the questions that[A]cannot be resolved without extensive debate.[B]are primarily academic in nature and open to abstract analysis.[C]are contested largely through contention over power.[D]will be debated by both men and women.35.Which of the following is most likely to be one of the“utilitarian political object ives”mentioned by the author?[A]To forge a new theory of literary criticism.[B]To pursue truth in a disinterested manner.[C]To demonstrate that women are interested in literary criticism that can be viewed either subjectively or objectively.[D]To convince the academic establishment to revise the ways in which it assesses women scholars professional qualities.Text4Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks.Civil right activists have long argu ed that one of the principal reasons why Blacks,Hispanics and other minority groups hav e difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack of access to the sizable o rders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.Now Congress,in apparent agreement,has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than$5 00,000do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government.Indeed,some federal and local agencies have gone so fa r as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to mi nority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial.According to figures collected in 1977,the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from$77million in 1972to1.1billion in1977.The projected total of corporate contracts with minority busin esses for the early1980's is estimated to be over$3billion per year with no letup antici pated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses,this increased patronage poses dangers for them,too.First,minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves finan cially,since most are small concerns and,unlike large businesses,they often need to mak e substantial investment in new plants,staff,equipment and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them.If,thereafter,their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses.The world of corporate purchasin g can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimate s and bids.Both consume valuable time and resources,and a small company's efforts mus t soon result in orders,or both the morale and the financial health of the business will su ffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionment through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns.Of cours e,in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures;clearly,White and mi nority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone.But civil right groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as“fronts”with White backing,rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third,a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customeroften runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent.Even in the best of circums tances,fierce competition from larger,more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases;when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor,they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.(469words)Notes:civil rights activists公民权利激进分子。

2014考研英语一测试题五Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)America's Federal Reserve cut interest rates by another quarter-point,to3.75%.Wall Street,which had been 1for a sixth half-point cut,was disappointed.The Dow fell by2%2the week.The past week's economic statistics gave mixed signals.Exports dropped by2%in both March and April,largely3a decline in high-tech investment4;the merchandise-trade5widened to$458billion in the12 months6April.7,The Conference Board's index of consumer confidence was higher than 8in June.Concerns9inflation in the euro area10.Preliminary data11that German consumer-price inflation fell to3.1%in the year to June,from3.5%in May;wage growth12to1.4% in April,a real pay cut of1.5%.Some economists fear that Germany is on the13of recession.The IFO index of business confidence dropped more14than expected in May,and the institute has cut its forecast of GDP15this year to only1.2%,well16the German government's forecast of 2%.The euro area's current-account deficit narrowed to$30billion in the12months to April.Britain's deficit in the first quarter was its smallest171998,18record investment income.There was more bad news from Japan,19retail sales in large stores fell by3.2%in May,the37th consecutive monthly fall.The yen fell20the dollar,touching almost Yen125On one point.1. A.expecting B.hoping C.wishing D.dreaming2. A.in B.above C.during D.about3. A.because of B.since C.because D.thanks to4. A.at home B.home C.from abroad D.abroad5. A.deficit B.shortage C.scarcity D.shortfall6. A.to B.until C.up D.onto7. A.Although B.Therefore C.However D.Hence8. A.projected B.planned C.predicted D.expected9. A.on B.for C.of D.over10. A.stopped B.eased C.relieved D.improved11. A.showed B.demonstrated C.illustrated D.explained12. A.reduced B.cut C.slow D.lessened13. A.edge B.rim C.lip D.brink14. A.harshly B.huskily C.strictly D.severely15. A.growth B.rise C.increase D.escalation16. A.above B.below C.high D.low17. A.after B.since C.until D.towards18. A.owe to B.because of C.on account of D.thanks to19. A.where B.which C.what D.who20. A.in opposition to B.opposed to C.against D.versusSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ATEXT1It was a little weird at first,Erin Tobin said,seeing Harry Potter right there on the stage without his pants,or indeed any of his clothes.Not actually Harry Potter,of course,since his is fictional,but the next best thing:Daniel Radcliffe,who plays him in the movies.Now17,Mr.Radcliffe has cast off his wand,his broomstick and everything else to appear in the West End revival of Peter Shaffer's"Equus."He stars as Alan Strang,a disturbed young man who,in a distinctly un-Harry-Potterish moment of frenzied psychosexual madness,blinds six horses with a hoof pick.To make it clear what audiences are in for,at least in part,photographs of Mr.Radcliffe's buff torso,stripped almost to the groin,have been used to advertise the production.It is as jarring as if,say,Anne Hathaway suddenly announced that instead of playing sweet-natured princesses and fashion-world ingénues,she wanted to appear onstage as a nude,murderous prostitute.To explain how is surprising the change of Radcliffe to the audience,the author mentions Anne"Equus" opened last week,and the consensus so far is that Mr.Radcliffe has successfully extricated himself from his cinematic alter ego.Considering that playing Harry Potter is practically all he has done in his career,this is no small achievement."I think he's a really good actor,and I sort of forgot about Harry Potter,"said Ophelia Oates,14,who saw the play over the weekend."Anyway,you can't be Harry Potter forever."In The Daily Telegraph,Charles Spencer said that"Daniel Radcliffe brilliantly succeeds in throwing off the mantle of Harry Potter,announcing himself as a thrilling stage actor of unexpected depth and range."Mr.Radcliffe told The Daily Telegraph that"I thought it would be a bad idea to wait till the Potter films were all finished to do something else."There are still a few to go.The fifth,"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix,"is scheduled for release on July13,and Mr.Radcliffe has signed on for the final two installments as well.(Meanwhile,the seventh and last book in the series,"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows,"will hit stores on July21.)Harry and Alan could not be more dissimilar as characters,even if both"come from quite weird backgrounds,"as13-year-old Ella Pitt,another recent theatergoer,put it.(And no,she declared,she was not too young for all the nakedness,swearing and sexuality.)Both characters have unresolved issues relating to their parents:Harry,because his are dead,and Alan,because his have driven him insane.But when it comes to romance,for instance,the celluloid Harry has yet to kiss a girl:the big moment comes in the forthcoming film.Meanwhile,Alan in"Equus"not only engages in some serious equi-erotic nuzzling with an actor playing a horse,but is also onstage,fully nude,for10minutes,during which he nearly has sex with an equally naked young woman.21.The author's mentioning of Hathaway is a________.A.simileparisonC.hyperboleD.analogy22.The word"extricated"(Line2,Para.4)implies________.A.rescuedB.freedC.clearedD.extracted23.The audience's response to the new image of"Harry Potter"is________.A.negativeB.positiveC.indifferentD.none of the above24.The two dissimilar characters,i.e.Harry and Alan are common in that________.A.they are both weirdB.their parents are weirdC.they have unresolved issuesD.they have weird families25.The best title for this passage is________.A."Harry Porter"Is DisappearingB.The Naked"Harry Porter"C.The Successful Change of"Harry Porter"D."Harry Porter"in"Enquus"TEXT2Uruguay has been a proud exception to the privatizing wave that swept through South America in the1990s. Its state-owned firms are more efficient that many of their counterparts in Argentina and Brazil ever were.In1992, Uruguayans voted in a referendum against privatizing telecoms.They rightly observe that some of Argentina's sales were smashed,creating inefficient private monopolies.And with unemployment at15%,nobody is enthusiastic about the job cuts privatization would involve.That leaves President Jorge Batlle with a problem.Uruguay has been in recession for the past two years, mainly because of low prices for its agricultural exports,and because of Argentina's woes.But public debt is at 45%of GDP,and rising.Some economists argue that privatization would give a boost to the economy,by attracting foreign investment,and by lowering costs.CERES,a think-tank,having compared tariffs for public services in Uruguay and its neighbors,believes liberalization could save businesses and households the equivalent of4%GDP annually,raise growth and produce a net45,000jobs.The polls that show continuing support for public ownership also show growing opposition to monopolies. So Mr.Batlle plans to keep the state firms,but let private ones either compete with them or bid to operate their services under contract.The opposition Broad Front and the trade unions are resisting.They have gathered enough signatures to demand a"public consultation"next month on a new law to allow private operators in the ports and railway—a referendum on whether to hold a referendum on the issue.Alberto Bension,the finance minister,admits the vote will be a crucial indicator of how far the government can push.But he notes that,since1992,attempts to overturn laws by calling referendums have flopped.The liberalization of telecoms has already begun.Bell South,an American firm,is the first private cell-phone operator.There are plans to license others,and talk of allowing competition for fixed-line telephones.A new law allows private companies to import gas from Argentina to generate electricity in competition with the state utility. Another play would strip Another plan would strip Ancap,the state oil firm,of its monopoly of imports.It has already been allowed to seek a private partner to modernize its refinery.Harder tasks lie ahead.The state-owned banks are burdened with problem loans to farmers and home owners. And Mr.Batlle shows no appetite for cutting the bureaucracy.After a year in office,the president is popular.He has created a cross-party commission to investigate"disappearances"during Uruguay's military dictatorship of1976-85.The unions are weakened by unemployment. At CERES,Ernesto Talvi argues that Mr.Batlle should note his own strength,and push ahead more boldly.But that is not the Uruguayan way.26.Uruguay in the1990s________.A.moved in the privatizing waveB.adopted the same measure as that of ArgentinaC.sticked to its old economic modeD.developed very slowly27.What can we infer from the first four paragraphs?A.Uruguay has been always trying to join in the privatizing wave.B.Economists argue that privatization is an efficient way to boost Uruguay's GDP.C.Mr.Battle plans to privatize the country's economy completely.D.The opposition Broad Front is in favor of privatization.28.The fifth paragraph suggests that________.A.Bell South is built up in1982B.There has been no law to regulate the electricityC.Ancap may modernize its refinery with the help of a private partnerD.Liberalization makes the economy slack29.What does the author mean by"flopped"(last line,Para.4)?A.succeededB.failedC.followedD.provoked30.Which one is TRUE according to the passage?A.Privatization is thriving in Uruguay.B.Now,referenda have less strength to change some laws.C.Uruguayan people are satisfied with the government's actions with regard to the economy.D.The President is managing to keep the state companies efficient.TEXT3Even at the Vatican,not all sacred beliefs are absolute:Thou shalt not kill,but war can be just.Now,behind the quiet walls,a clash is shaping up involving two poles of near certainty:the church's long-held ban on condoms and its advocacy of human life.The issue is AIDS.Church officials recently confirmed that Pope Benedict XVI had requested a report on whether it might be acceptable for Catholics to use condoms in one narrow circumstance:to protect life inside a marriage when one partner is infected with H.I.V.or is sick with AIDS.Whatever the pope decides,church officials and other experts broadly agree that it is remarkable that so delicate an issue is being taken up.But they also agree that such an inquiry is logical,and particularly significant from this pope,who was Pope John Paul II's strict enforcer of church doctrine."In some ways,maybe he has got the greatest capacity to do it because there is no doubt about his orthodoxy,"said the Rev.Jon Fuller,a Jesuit physician who runs an AIDS clinic at the Boston Medical Center.The issue has surfaced repeatedly as one of the most complicated and delicate facing the church.For years,some influential cardinals and theologians have argued for a change for couples affected by AIDS in the name of protecting life,while others have fiercely attacked the possibility as demoting the church's long advocacy of abstinence and marital fidelity to fight the disease.The news broke just after Benedict celebrated his first anniversary as pope,a relatively quiet papal year.But he devoted his first encyclical to love,specifically between a man and a woman in marriage.Indeed,with regard to condoms,the only change apparently being considered is in the specific case of married couples.But any change would be unpopular with conservative Catholics,some of faith than he did when he was still Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger,the papal adviser."It's just hard to imagine that any pope—and this pope—would change the teaching,"said Austin Ruse, president of the Culture of Life Foundation,a Catholic-oriented advocacy group in Washington that opposes abortion and contraception.It is too soon to know where the pope is heading.Far less contentious issues can take years to inch through the Vatican's nexus of belief and bureaucracy,prayer and politics,and Cardinal Javier Lozano Barragán,the pope's top aide on health care issues,and other officials declined requests for interviews.31.By the first sentence in the first paragraph,the author actually means________.A.the war can be supported by the churchB.the Vatican is always telling a lieC.some doctrines of the church are not so unchangeableD.people may do as they like32.The request from Pope Benedict XVI is particularly significant because________.A.this pope strictly executed the Catholic doctrineB.this pope is powerfulC.this pope has been against the use of condoms all the timeD.This pope has been assisted the advocacy of human life33.The word"demoting"(Line3,Para.5)________.A.degradingB.opposingC.supportingD.changing34.This issue is so complicated because________.A.the pope has no capacity to deal with itB.it involve two poles of near certaintyC.it may affect the pope's orthodoxyD.there are two parties on this issue in the church35.According to the passage,the pope probably will________.A.change the doctrine about the use of condomsB.give up his new ideasC.still carrying out the church beliefsD.None of the aboveTEXT4Healthy soda?That may strike some as an oxymoron.But for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo,it's a marketing opportunity.In coming months,both companies will introduce new carbonated drinks that are fortified with vitamins and minerals:Diet Coke Plus and Tava,which is PepsiCo's new offering.They will be promoted as"sparklingbeverages."The companies are not calling them soft drinks because people are turning away from traditional soda, which has been hurt in part by publicity about its link to obesity.While the soda business remains a$68billion industry in the United States,consumers are increasingly reaching for bottled water,sparkling juices and green tea drinks.In2005,the amount of soda sold in this country dropped for the first in recent history.Even the diet soda business has slowed.Coca-Cola's chief executive,E.Neville Isdell,clearly frustrated that his industry has been singled out in the obesity debate,insisted at a recent conference that his diet products should be included in the health and wellness category because,with few or no calories,they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines."Diet and light brands are actually health and wellness brands,"Mr.Isdell said.He asserted that Diet Coke Plus was a way to broaden the category to attract new consumers.Tom Pirko,president of Bevmark,a food and beverage consulting firm,said it was"a joke"to market artificially sweetened soft drinks as healthy,even if they were fortified with vitamins and minerals.Research by his firm and others shows that consumers think of diet soft drinks as"the antithesis of healthy,"he said.These consumers"Comment on putting something synthetic and not natural into their bodies when they consume diet colas,"Mr.Pirko said."And in the midst of a health and welfare boom,that ain't good."The idea of healthy soda is not entirely new.In2004,Cadbury Schweppes caused a stir when it unveiled7Up Plus,a low-calorie soda fortified with vitamins and st year,Cadbury tried to extend the healthy halo over its regular7Up brand by labeling it"100percent natural."But the company changed the label to"100percent natural flavor"after complaints from a nutrition group that a product containing high-fructose corn syrup should not be considered natural,and7Up Plus has floundered.The new fortified soft drinks earned grudging approval from Michael F.Jacobson,executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest,A nutrition advocacy group and frequent critic of regular soft drinks, which it has labeled"liquid candy."A survey by Morgan Stanley found that only10percent of consumers interviewed in2006considered diet colas a healthy choice,compared with14percent in2003.Furthermore,30percent of the consumers who were interviewed last year said that they were reluctant to drink beverages with artificial sweeteners,up from21 percent in2004.36.Coca-Cola and PepsiCo call their new drinks"sparkling beverages"instead of"soft drinks"because_______.A.the new name sounds more brilliant and attracts more peopleB.the old name reminds people that they may cause people adding weightC.the new drinks are fortified with vitamins and mineralsD.people are turning away from traditional soda37.The sentence"with few or no calories,they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines"(Para.4)means ________.A.they can give a reasonable answer to waistlinesB.they are the logical reason of make people expand waistlinesC.they will not cause obesity since they have few or no caloriesD.it is logical that they may expand people's waistlines38.Tom Pirko's attitude on promoting the soft drinks as healthy is________.A.jokingB.positiveC.negativeD.indifferent39.The word"floundered"(Line6,Para.7)implies________.A.stumbledB.struggledC.flusteredD.troubled40.The data in the last paragraph implies________.A.the soft drinks will be singled out in the near futureB.the marketing opportunities for these companies are not successfulC.people are paying more and more attention to their healthD.people think the soft drink is not healthyPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box.The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in boxes.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)[A]The rise of a tycoon who is fond of America and South Africa,and who prints English slogans on his bottles of milk and mineral water,is a snub to Mr.Ratsiraka.The president,who has dominated politics since1975—with a few years'absence in the mid-1990s—steers close to France,the former colonial power.He has been unwell,and spends much of his time having medical treatment in Paris.His government,predictably,is accused of widespread corruption.But he offers stability—and declares that"any other president"would usher in years of uncertainty.[B]Mr.Ratsiraka might indeed feel aggrieved if he did lose power just as the economy is coming right.After a two-decade spell as a socialist,then a few years of exile,he bounced back into the presidency in1996to impose austere neo-liberal reforms.These are now paying off.Many people are still desperately badly off,living in villages without roads,electricity or doctors.But,according to an optimistic IMF report on December13th,the economy may turn out to have enjoyed6.7%growth this year and inflation is low.[C]In a high turnout,he took nearly80%of the votes in the capital,and well over half in other cities.Results from the less susceptible countryside are slowly coming in.They narrow the gap,but he still seems to have a chance of either beating the incumbent,Didier Ratsiraka,outright or facing him in a run-off next year.[D]A swelling flow of tourists comes to the island to see its rainforests,lemurs and tropical beaches.Sales of textiles to America are doing well,thanks to tariff reductions there.And,in the past few years,Asian investors have opened dozens of factories in special export zones around the capital.Mr.Ratsiraka has managed to negotiate debt relief that almost halves the amount the country spends on servicing its debts.It is thus able to spend a bit more on schools and hospitals.Incomes in the cities are clearly up.A good rice harvest this year,and the absence of cyclones,has eased hunger in the countryside.[E]As mayor,Mr.Ravalomanana won many citizens'hearts by cleaning up the capital,and seeing to new roads and street lighting.He oversaw a building boom,the rise of a dozen flashy new supermarkets,more policemen on the streets and cut in crime.He is known in the country at large,too,thanks to his Tiko food empire,which delivers yoghurt and other good things to Madagascar's emerging middle class.His-face is everywhere on T-shirts, baseball caps and bags—all parts of a slick campaign that was helped along by his own radio and televisionstations.His Christian fervour,and his job on a council of Protestant churches,have also helped him,especially among the rural poor.[F]All this is rare good news for Africa.Might it be risked if there were a change of president?Some point to possible ethnic tension:Mr.Ravalomanana is from the highland Imerina people,who have a mix of Asian-settler and African blood,who have never before held political office over the blacker coastal communities.Others worry that he will have little support in parliament,and that his business career has not prepared him for political compromises.A bigger concern,perhaps,is that he might not seriously undertake to spread the good times enjoyed in the capital into the impoverished countryside.[G]Excitement is in the air in Madagascar,a vast island of15m people off the east coast of Africa.On December 16th,its voters trudged to the polls from their homes in highland towns and remote forest villages to pick a president.Many favoured Marc Ravalomanana,a tycoon who is also the handsome young mayor of the capital, Antananarivo.Order:Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points)AMGEN,the world's biggest biotechnology company,made its fortune from a drug that fortifies the blood of patients who are undergoing dialysis.On December17th,the California company acquired some new blood of its own with the purchase of Immunex,a Seattle-based biotechnology company,for$16billion.This deal,a biotech-industry record,gives Amgen a firm footing in the multibillion-dollar market in inflammation control.Immunex's most profitable product is Enbrel,a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.(46) Amgen hopes to triple the drug's sales to more than$3billion by2005,widening its use to other diseases and overcoming manufacturing constraints that have kept the drug in short supply.With this takeover,Immunex passes from one parent to another.American Home Products(AHP)holds41% of the shares,and has given the firm sales and marketing support.(47)But AHP(American Household Products) has been selling down its stake since last year,in part to finance a$3.8billion settlement of claims against its diet drugs.(48)Although Amgen calls itself a biotech company,its market capitalisation of around$62billion makes it larger than Pharmacia and several other well-known mainstream drug companies,traditionally considered the big brothers of biotech.But Amgen likes to think of itself as less bureaucratic and more entrepreneurial than its pharmaceutical brethren,and it is free of such big-pharma woes as imminent patent expiry.(49)However,as Joseph Dougherty,a biotech analyst at Lehman Brothers,points out,Amgen will find it hard to retain the freedom of its youth as it strives to expand its sales by more than30%a year.Historically,pharmaceutical companies have used their deep pockets to buy biotech companies.Now, increasingly,biotech companies are buying each other(see chart).Such industry consolidation is Young.(50) Companies are pooling their resources to build scale in research and development,and in sales,or to fill holes in their product pipelines,as Amgen has just done.With almost1,400biotech companies in America,and acomparable number in Europe,there is plenty of room for more togetherness.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Imagine you are a student who wants to apply for the New Star scholarship offered by your university.Write a letter to the person concerned which should include(1)the purpose of writing the letter;(2)your qualifications for the scholarship;(3)your thanks.You should write about100words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e"Li Ming"instead. You do not need to write the address.Part B52.Directions:Study the picture above carefully and write an essay entitled"After Graduation."In the essay,you should(1) describe the picture;(2)interpret its meaning;(3)give your opinion about the phenomenon.You should write about200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2014考研英语一测试题五参考答案Section I use of English1.B本来期望出现第六次0.5%。

2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（一）以下《2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（一）》由考研英语模拟题为您独家提供，欢迎大家参考。

A history of longand effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, itmay become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight timeslarger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies ofscale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans andAsians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as othercountries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance provedpainful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over theirfading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such asconsumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreigncompetition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。

2014年考研英语模拟测试（一）答案解析Section ⅠUse of English答案1.C2.A3.D4.A5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A 10.A11.C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A总体分析本文介绍了东日本铁路公司引人关注的新计划。

文章第一段介绍说东日本铁路公司创造性地利用车站内部及周围房地产的计划正引起越来越多人的关注。

第二段具体介绍了这一计划的内容及好处，即适应信息时代的要求，把车站作为网上购物的物品收取地，这样既为消费者提供了方便，又提高了递送物品的安全性。

第三段介绍了该公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各种磁卡作车票的计划及其优点。

试题精解1.[精解] 本题考查名词的词义辨析。

空格处填入的名词与growth搭配，由上下文语义可知，此处表达的含义是“铁路业没有令人振奋的发展前景”，Prospect“景色，前景，期望”指的是possibility of advancement or success。

所以[C]项正确。

perspective做可数名词时多指viewpoint(态度，观点)，如You have the wrong perspective on this situation(对于那个情势的未来发展，你的看法是错的)。

outlook用作“前景”讲时用单数形式，如the outlook for economic growth(经济发展的前景)。

spectacle“景象，奇观，场面，眼镜”，如A quarrel between drunken women is an unpleasant spectacle(喝醉酒的女人吵架是个丑恶的场面)。

2.[精解] 本题考查通过上下文选择适当的副词的能力。

空格处的副词修饰的动作是use real-estate assets in and around train stations(利用车站内部及周围的房地产)。