英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料

朱永涛《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》...

第3章美国的起始I.Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F):

1.The question“What is an American?”was first asked by J.Hector St.John de Crevecoeur. _____

【答案】T

【解析】什么样的⼈叫美国⼈？这⼀经典的问题是由法国农⼈赫克托.圣约翰·德克雷夫科尔在他的《美国农⼈书简》⼀书中提出来的。因此此题正确。2.Christopher Columbus discovered America in1492._____

【答案】T

【解析】克⾥斯托弗·哥伦布是西班⽛著名航海家，于1492年第⼀个发现美洲⼤陆。因此此题正确。3.The first English permanent settlement was founded in California._____

【答案】F

【解析】1607年，英国有3艘船只⾏驶到北美，殖民者史密斯等在弗吉尼亚亨利⾓登陆，并定居下来。因此此题错误。4.Massachusetts was established by English puritans who separated themselves from the Roman Catholic Church._____

【答案】F

【解析】这批出逃的清教徒并⾮是从罗马天主教反叛⽽出，⽽是从英国国教中反叛⽽出。因此此题错误。5.The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers._____

【答案】T

【解析】宾⼣法尼亚州曾属于威廉佩恩。⽽他本⼈则信仰贵格派，他决定按照贵格会的理想，

建⽴⼀个宗教信仰和政治⾃由的地⽅。因此宾州是美国第⼀个宗教信仰⾃由的地⽅。所以此题正确。6.The theory of politics of the American Revolution came from John Locke,a French philosopher in the17th century._____

Key to Exercises

001

Key to Exercises

UNIT

❶

I.

1.

毛利人，毛利人的

2.

库克海峡

3.

绿党

4.

《21世纪议程》

5.

沉浸式强化学习（外语）

II.

1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T

6. F 7. T 8. F

III.

1. Southwest Pacific; Australia

2. Nothern; July

3. English, Maori

4. isolation

5. Waitangi Tribunal

6. East Polynesia

7. nuclear-free

8. South Pacific; European

Key to Exercises

002

UNIT

❷

I.

1.

选举登记表

2.

陪审团

3.

政府特派调查员

4.

函授学校

5.

海外贸易

II.

1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T

6. T 7. T 8. F

III.

1. Governor-General, majority party

2. Parliament, the House of Representatives

3. Prime Minister, Opposition

4. Public servants

5. regional councils, community boards.

6. Correspondence Scholl

7. Open Polytechnic

8. Exclusive Economic Zone

Key to Exercises

003

UNIT

❸

I.

1.

中世纪

2.

清教徒

3.

五月花号

4.

（白人）契约奴

5.

贵格会，教友派

6.

波士顿倾茶党

II.

1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T

6. F 7. T 8. F

III.

1. Letters from An American Farmer

2. Asia, Europe, Africa

3. the Incas, the Mayas

1 / 15 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 第2章 英国简介（2） Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F): 1. Ireland is part of Great Britain. _____ 【答案】F 【解析】爱尔兰是一个独立国家，位于爱尔兰岛北部的北爱尔兰才是英国的一部分。 2. “Ulster”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom. _____ 【答案】T 【解析】阿尔斯特指的是北爱尔兰，它曾经是一个古爱尔兰王国的名称。 3. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. _____ 【答案】F 【解析】贝尔法斯特是北爱尔兰的首府，拥有人口二十余万。 4. Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. _____ 【答案】F 【解析】北爱尔兰重要不仅仅是因为它的工业发达，还因为它在历史上与英国政府的不断冲突，更多是政治意义上的重要性。 2 / 15 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 5. The majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. _____ 【答案】T 【解析】大部分爱尔兰人民是凯尔特人的后代，他们远在罗马人入侵英国的两千年前就在英国居住。 6. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. _____ 【答案】T 【解析】大部分英国人是新教徒，大部分爱尔兰人是天主教徒。 7. The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland. _____ 【答案】F 【解析】1973年英国政府和爱尔兰政府达成一致，推出奉行权利分享机制的北爱尔兰议会，给天主教徒政治上的发言权。这一机制遭到新教徒的强烈反对，他们组织大型罢工，导致该计划破产。最终权利分享机制被迫叫停，北爱尔兰由伦敦政府直接领导。 8. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland. _____ 【答案】T 【解析】新芬党是北爱尔兰一个合法政党。 9. The Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist Protestant 3 / 15 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 community their right to decide their future in Northern Ireland. _____ 【答案】T 【解析】1985年，爱英条约保证清教徒群体对北爱尔兰事务的决定权。 10. The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998. _____ 【答案】T 【解析】北爱和平协议在1998年4月10日通过。 11. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that of Republic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. _____ 【答案】F 【解析】如今北爱尔兰由爱尔兰政府、英国政府和北爱尔兰执行委员会三方共同参与管理，而不是两方。 Ⅱ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1. In the 17th century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because _____. A. they wanted to increase its control over Ireland B. they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live in Britain C. they intended to expand their investment D. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them 4 / 15 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 【答案】A 【解析】十七世纪，英格兰政府鼓励苏格兰和英格兰北部的人民迁入北爱尔兰居住，因为政府想要加强对北爱尔兰的控制。 2. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland street. They came first _____. A. to maintain traffic order in Northern Ireland B. to protect Catholics C. to protect Protestants D. to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social order 【答案】B 【解析】1969年，英军开始驻扎在北爱尔兰地区，最初他们是为了保护天主教徒免受新教徒的攻击。 3. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for _____. A. its most famous landmark, the “Giant’s Causeway” B. its rich cultural life C. its low living standards D. its endless political problems 【答案】D 5 / 15 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 【解析】北爱尔兰有许多特征，包括被列为世界著名景点的巨人堤、还有他们丰富的文化生活，或者是人均财富为英国最低水平的现实。但使得它在世界上闻名的却是它源源不断的政治问题和纠纷。 4. Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organized a partition of Ireland in 1921, because _____. A. the British government wouldn’t be able to control Ireland any longer by force B. the British government intended to satisfy both sides—Catholics and Protestants C. Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland D. Protestants welcomed the idea of partition 【答案】B 【解析】1921年英国政府与爱尔兰签订爱英条约，爱尔兰南北26郡成立爱尔兰自由邦，北部6郡归英国统治，自此，英国对爱尔兰南部700年的统治告终。此举是为了让国内的天主教徒和清教徒都满意。 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland. B. Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists. C. The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political party in Britain. 6 / 15 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 D. Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists. 【答案】C 【解析】新芬党是北爱尔兰的合法政党。在北爱尔兰，新移居到北爱尔兰的人是“清教徒”，他们认为自己是英国人，所以希望北爱尔兰作为英国的一部分。这些人被称为“联合派（Unionists）”。爱尔兰的原始居民为天主教徒，他们大多憎恨北部同南部的分裂，主张同爱尔兰合并。他们被称为“民族派（Loyalists）”。社会民主工党是北爱尔兰的重要政治党派。 6. In the early 1970s, the IRA _____. A. killed many Protestants and Catholics B. burned down the houses of Catholics C. murdered individuals at random D. carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target 【答案】D 【解析】爱尔兰共和军（IRA）在1919年由新芬党组建，1969年分裂为两部分，分别是主张通过政治手段解决解决爱尔兰问题，参加议员选举的“正统派”和主张武力是将英国驱逐出爱尔兰的唯一手段的“临时派”。在接下来的三十年间，临时派继续进行武力斗争。在七十年代早期，IRA发动了多次炸弹袭击和枪战，持续攻击政府的武装力量。 7. 1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because _____.

第1页，共11页 装订线 西北大学

《英语国家社会与文化（一）》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

院(系)_______ 班级_______ 学号_______ 姓名_______

题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 总分

得分

第一部分 （共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）

1、Mark ______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.

A．needn’t B．wouldn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t

2、Patrick waited ________ all the luggage was cleared, but his never appeared.

A．until B．before

C．when D．while

3、--You know Mr. Green has been ill for days?

--Yes, I wonder if he is ______ better now.

A．any B．some C．any D．no

4、My new job _______ my travelling all over the country, which means I won’t be able to

spend much time with my family.

A．takes B．promises C．involves D．causes

5、The flat is good value for money because not only did they sell it to me at a cheap price,

but they threw in some old furniture _________.