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这也是考研阅读解题的一个重要原则。
(三)“真我”与“忘我”相结合的应试之道
对于考研英语阅读理解最重要的原则，或者说总纲就是要把握住“真我”与“忘我”的相结合的原则，将这一原则贯彻始终，才能从根本上超越考试本身。
同样的，在这个总则的指引下，了解阅读理解大大小小的规律性的东西，这样才能从质的方面产生飞跃，真正有信心也有能力在阅读理解的考试中拿到满分。
把握这一原则很重要的一点就是不要在不恰当的时候运用不恰当的形式，比如说在通读全文的时候一定要根据主体的英语背景知识推断生词以及复杂长句的意思，而在作题的时候却一定要抛弃自己的常识完全以客体为主。
当然技巧的运用也贯穿于作题的过程中，不过技巧就是规律性的再现，所以一定站在高屋建瓴的高度上把握“真我”与“忘我”的中道，这样才能在考研英语阅读过程中立于不败之地。
佛说："自性本具自足;我法二空、一切唯识。
"就是说凭自己的能力完全可以洞悉考研英语阅读理解的真谛，但是如果走向了两个极端，那么后果也是很可怕的。
一个极端是完全以"真我"覆盖一切导致的选项误区;另一个极端是完全"忘我"导致的阅读艰涩。
相比较而言，也通过笔者对大量考生的采访，第一种情况在考生中是极为普遍的，人们很容易被自己的理性判断所控制，而英语试题组出题的目的本身就是利用无关选择项扰乱考生的正常思维，并人为设置种种陷阱，既使那些英语高手如果不能把握住这一原则，同样也可能马失前蹄，跌的头破血流。
2013年考研英语（一）试题——阅读3Text 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List”suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and Humanity凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
考研英语2013年阅读在2013年的考研英语考试中，阅读理解部分的难度适中，题型涵盖了细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意和词义猜测等多种类型。
这些文章不仅考察了考生的词汇量和语法知识，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维和分析能力。
文章选材广泛，包括了科技、社会、文化和教育等多个领域，这要求考生在备考过程中广泛阅读，增加自己的知识储备。
例如，有一篇文章讨论了现代科技对人类生活方式的影响，文章中提到了智能手机和社交媒体的普及如何改变了人们的交流方式。
考生需要理解这些科技产品如何影响人们的日常生活，并能够从文章中提取关键信息，回答相关问题。
在推理判断题中，考生需要根据文章内容推断作者的意图、文章的隐含意义或某些细节。
这类题目要求考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，还要能够把握文章的深层含义。
例如，有一道题目要求考生推断作者对于某个社会现象的看法，这就需要考生仔细分析文章中的论点和论据，从而得出合理的结论。
主旨大意题则要求考生把握整篇文章的中心思想。
这类题目通常要求考生从多个选项中选择一个最能概括文章主题的答案。
考生需要通读全文，理解文章的结构和逻辑关系，才能准确把握文章的主旨。
词义猜测题则是考察考生对词汇的理解和运用能力。
在这类题目中，考生需要根据上下文的语境来推测某个生词或短语的含义。
这不仅要求考生具备一定的词汇量，还要求考生能够灵活运用词汇，理解词汇在不同语境中的变化。
总的来说，2013年的考研英语阅读部分对考生的综合英语能力提出了较高的要求。
考生在备考时，除了要注重词汇和语法的学习，还应该加强阅读训练，提高自己的逻辑思维和分析能力。
通过广泛阅读不同类型的文章，考生可以增加知识面，提高对不同题材文章的理解和分析能力，从而在考试中取得更好的成绩。
2013考研英语阅读真题及参考答案解析2013年考研英语阅读参考答案及解析Part AText 121.【答案】B (insensitivity to fashion)【解析】事实细节题。
根据题干，首先定位到首段。
由文章第一句后半句scoldsher unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her。
意思是：批评她没有魅力的助理，因为助理认为高级时尚对她的生活影响不大。
可知criticize是对scolds的同义替换，B项中的insensitivity to fashion是imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her。
的同义替换。
所以B项为正确答案。
A项在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。
C项和D项是对文章第一句的曲解。
22.【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently)【解析】事实细节题。
根据题干，首先定位到第二段。
由倒数第二句these labels encouragestyle-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, , and to renew their wardrobeevery few weeks。
意思是这些商标(畅销商标)促使有时尚意识的消费者将服装看成是用完就可以丢弃的，，并且每周更新他们的衣橱。
D选项shop for their garments morefrequently的意思是更加频繁地购买服装，正好是renew their wardrobe every few weeks的同义替换。
A，B，C项均属于无中生有项。
23.【答案】A (accusation)【解析】词义题。
题干中需要猜测词义的单词出现在第二段的第一句thefeverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of fast fashion。
【考研1号】《阅读基础90篇》范文详解——第一本专为水平低于49分考生编著巩固英语基础的前提就是词汇量。
《阅读基础90篇》中【大纲重点词汇注释】栏目有效地解决了他们词汇欠缺的难题。
每一篇阅读文章后附有在文中出现过的大纲词汇，标注出其读音，在文中及相应的词性词义，并用例句说明使用方法，最后还列出其派生词汇。
将词汇放入具体的文章和语境中不仅能加深对词汇的印象，提高记忆单词的效率，还能学习到词汇的用法，包括常见的词组和句式的搭配，这样不仅轻松理解了文章，还在无形中提高了表达能力，助写作一臂之力。
由此可见，掌握正确的词汇记忆法是多么的重要，我们在学习知识的同时还应该思考怎样的学习方法更为生动有效，并将学到的知识最大化地发挥出其功率。
掌握了词汇后，我们将要面临下一个挑战——长难句。
语法不再是枯燥的（1）（2）（3）（4）和“首先主干部分，其次宾补插入……”，长难句不同的成分被图表分列显示，并详细配有语法说明和与句子其他成分的指代说明，用箭头明确表示各部分间的语法关系，最后还附有整句精译。
不仅一目了然，也省去同学们在难句与同是难句的文字说明之间反复徘徊，使记忆与理解无法形成完整的链条，从而也增加了学习难度。
只要体验过《阅读基础90篇》中长难句图解的同学，一定能深刻地体会其生动简洁，通俗易懂的特点。
做好了一切前期准备，现在我们就需要直击解题思路与技巧了。
《阅读基础90篇》的答案详解第一步就顺利地解决了理解题干的问题。
在整篇文章的英汉对照后，每个问题都配有详细的选项表析，在表格中列有问题及选项的英汉对照，选项出处及选项特征，在理解了题干的字面意义后，还能通过选项出处在原文中找到该选项的依据，使同学们更好地分析选项。
选项特征则说明了每个选项，无论正确与否，他们的命题特点，从命题人的角度帮助大家理解题目。
在逐字分解了题目后，我们需要再次将其整合，从解题技巧的角度再次审视题目。
书中将问题分为八大考点，每个问题都是以八个考点为依据命题的，旨在考察同学们理解文章，分析问题的能力，也就是我们上述的题目特点。
考研英语2013阅读考研英语阅读部分是考研英语试卷中的重要组成部分，它不仅考察学生的词汇量和语法知识，更考察学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑分析能力和批判性思维能力。
2013年的考研英语阅读部分，尤其注重了这些能力的考察。
首先，2013年的考研英语阅读材料涉及了多个领域，包括社会、科学、文化等，这要求考生具备广泛的知识面和对不同领域话题的敏感度。
例如，有一篇文章讨论了社会媒体对人际关系的影响，这不仅要求考生理解文章中的关键词汇，还要求考生能够把握文章的主旨和作者的观点。
其次，2013年的阅读题目设计巧妙，很多问题需要考生深入理解文章的深层含义。
例如，有些问题要求考生推断作者的意图或者文章中未明确表述的信息，这就需要考生具备较强的逻辑推理能力和批判性思维。
再者，2013年的考研英语阅读部分还考察了考生的快速阅读和信息提取能力。
文章篇幅较长，信息量大，考生需要在短时间内快速捕捉关键信息，这就需要考生具备高效的阅读技巧和良好的时间管理能力。
此外，2013年的考研英语阅读还特别强调了词汇的深度理解和灵活运用。
很多问题涉及到对词汇的深层含义和语境中的具体用法的理解，这要求考生不仅要有丰富的词汇量，还要能够准确把握词汇在不同语境中的变化。
最后，2013年的考研英语阅读部分也考察了考生的写作能力。
在回答问题时，考生需要用自己的语言准确、清晰地表达自己的观点和理解，这就需要考生具备良好的写作技巧和语言表达能力。
综上所述，2013年的考研英语阅读部分是对考生综合英语能力的全面考察，它不仅要求考生具备扎实的语言基础，还要求考生具备良好的阅读技巧、逻辑推理能力和批判性思维。
因此，考生在准备考研英语阅读时，应该注重提升这些能力，以便在考试中取得好成绩。
考研英语一2013阅读解析一、了解考研英语一2013阅读解析的重要性考研英语一阅读部分是整个考试中至关重要的一部分，它不仅考察考生的语言能力，还考察其逻辑思维和分析能力。
因此，对2013年的阅读解析进行深入研究，有助于我们更好地掌握考试动态，提高答题速度和正确率。
二、分析文章结构及题型特点2013年的考研英语一阅读部分共有四篇文章，分别是社会科学、自然科学、人文科学和商业经济。
文章难度逐渐递增，考查了考生的各类阅读技巧。
1.社会科学：文章讲述了一个话题，如教育、政策等，考查考生对观点、事实和论证的理解。
2.自然科学：文章围绕科学发现、研究进展等展开，考查考生的科普阅读能力。
3.人文科学：文章涉及到历史、文化等方面，考查考生对作者观点和态度的理解。
4.商业经济：文章与市场经济、企业管理等有关，考查考生的商业英语阅读能力。
三、详解试题及答题技巧1.事实细节题：此类题目要求考生根据文章中的具体信息选择正确答案。
解题技巧包括定位关键词、筛选选项等。
2.推理判断题：此类题目要求考生根据文章内容和语境推断出作者的观点、态度或某人的意图。
解题技巧包括理解作者立场、分析选项等。
3.主旨大意题：此类题目要求考生理解文章的主题和结构，选出符合文章主旨的选项。
解题技巧包括把握文章脉络、分析段落主题等。
4.猜测词义题：此类题目要求考生根据上下文推测生词的意思。
解题技巧包括观察上下文、分析词根词缀等。
四、总结提高阅读理解的方法1.扩大词汇量：词汇是阅读的基础，考生需要不断积累词汇，提高自己的词汇储备。
2.提高阅读速度：阅读速度是影响答题速度的关键因素，考生需要通过大量阅读提高自己的阅读速度。
3.培养阅读策略：掌握一定的阅读策略，如寻读、略读等，有助于提高阅读效率。
4.加强语法功底：语法是英语阅读的基础，考生需要扎实的语法知识来理解长难句。
5.注重练习：多做阅读练习，总结错误原因，不断提高自己的阅读能力。
通过以上分析，我们可以看出考研英语一2013阅读解析的规律和特点。
Section I Reading Comprehension(英语一)Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER S HEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn‘t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant‘s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn‘t be more out of date or at odds with the feveri sh would be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline‘s three-year indictment of ―fast fashion‖. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don‘t advertise that–and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdres sed is the fashion world‘s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan‘s The Omnivore‘s Dilemma. ―Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,‖ Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can‘t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can‘t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion. [D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word ―indictment‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closes t in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim ―behavioural‖ ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft‘s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that ―behavioural‖ ads help advertise rs to:[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. ―The industry‖ (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence [B] understanding[C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN‘s ―Red List‖ suggest that human be ing are[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world‘s dominant power[D] a misplaced race[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet‘s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona‘s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration‘s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the fou r contested provisions of Arizona‘s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to ―establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ‖and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court‘s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately ―occupied the field‖ and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal‘s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That‘s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as ―a shocking assertion of federal executive power‖. The White House argued that Arizona‘s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disa grees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did s o. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn‘t want to carry out Congress‘s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona‘s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers‘ duty to withhold immigrants ‗information.[B] States‘ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States‘ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress‘s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution. [B] undermined the states‘ interests.[C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the states‘ support.[C] is established by federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Section II Reading Comprehension（英语二）Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER S HEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled ―Making It in America‖, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,‖ a man and a dog. The man is there to f eed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.‖Davidson‘s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won‘t earn you what it used to. It can‘t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find theirextra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment. Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there‘s been a acceleration. As Davidson notes,‖ In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances [B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills [D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software [B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle [D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution [B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization [D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect [B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over [D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic include settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 millio n departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, ―uccelli di passaggio,‖ birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don‘t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the newbirds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to so lve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today‘s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 ―Birds of passage‖ refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic. [B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foreign temporarily. [D]find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories. [B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges. [D]has been fixed via political means.28 According to the author, today‘s birds of passage wa nt___[A] financial incentives. [B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs. [D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners. [B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance. [D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the most title?[A] come and go: big mistake. [B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk. [D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren‘t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at theUniversity of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we‘re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly ―thin slice‖ information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in ―thick sliced‖ long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemp lating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn‘t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative [B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous [D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression [B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act [D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment [B]‗‗thin sliced ‘‘study[C] sensible explanation [D] adequate information35. The author‘s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant [B] uncertain[C] optimistic [D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe‘s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Com mission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?―Personally, I don‘t like quotas,‖ Reding said recently. ―But i like what the quotas do.‖ Quotas get action: they ―open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,‖ according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding‘s reluctance-and her frustration. I don‘t like quotas eit her; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much ―soft pressure ‖ is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule. If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children‘s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead [B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed [D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union‘s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance [B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding‘s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions [B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family [D] anticipate legal results39. The author‘s attitude toward Reding‘s appeal is o ne of _________.[A] skepticism [B] objectiveness[C] indifference [D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice [B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies [D] greater ―soft pressure‖Section I Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121．【答案】B【解析】事实细节题。
【参考资料】Once upon a time, fashion was glamorous models and movie stars wearing haute couture on glossy magazine covers. People saved their salaries and shopped once or twice a year for high-quality clothes that could last for many seasons.曾经，时尚就是登上光洁杂志封面的那些身着高级定制，魅力非凡的模特和影星。
人们省下平时的薪水，每年会逛一两次商场，来选购那些耐穿的高级服装。
Nowadays, fashion is fast-changing and cheap thanks to retail brands such as H&M, Zara and Topshop. Fashion has become ever more accessible. But is it a good thing?现在，由于H&M、Zara 、Topshop等服装品牌的出现，时尚变得日新月异，且价格低廉。
时尚变得前所未有的平易近人。
而这是件好事吗？US writer Elizabeth Cline doesn't think so, although she used to be the owner of a wardrobe solely made up of cheap chic.美国作家伊丽莎白•克莱（音译）却不这样想，虽然她曾经拥有一整衣柜这种便宜又时髦的衣服。
In her recent book Overdressed: The Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion, she writes: "I paid less than $30 (191 yuan) per item for each piece of clothing in my closet. Most of my shoes cost less than $15."在其新书《着装过度：廉价时尚背后的惊人高成本》中，她写道："我衣橱里的衣服每件单价不超过30美元（合191人民币）。
2013考研英语一阅读2013年的考研英语一阅读部分，对于许多考生来说，是一次挑战与机遇并存的体验。
这一年的阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，从社会现象到科技发展，从文化差异到经济问题，无一不体现了出题者对于考生综合理解能力的考查。
文章的第一篇讲述了全球化背景下，不同文化之间的交流与碰撞。
作者通过一系列生动的例子，展示了文化差异如何影响人们的日常生活和商业活动。
文章强调了跨文化交流的重要性，并提出了一些有效的沟通策略，以帮助人们更好地理解和适应不同的文化环境。
第二篇文章则聚焦于科技对人类生活的影响。
文章指出，随着科技的飞速发展，人们的生活变得更加便捷，但同时也带来了一些负面影响，如隐私泄露和信息过载。
作者呼吁人们在享受科技带来的便利的同时，也要警惕其潜在的风险，并采取相应的措施来保护个人权益。
第三篇阅读材料探讨了经济危机对全球经济的影响。
文章分析了经济危机的成因，以及它对不同国家和地区经济的冲击。
作者认为，面对经济危机，各国需要加强合作，共同应对挑战，以实现经济的稳定和复苏。
最后一篇文章则关注了环境问题。
文章描述了全球气候变化的严峻形势，以及它对人类社会和自然环境的深远影响。
作者强调了采取有效措施减少温室气体排放的重要性，并提出了一些可能的解决方案，如发展可再生能源和提高能源效率。
整体来看，2013年考研英语一的阅读部分不仅考查了考生的语言能力，还考查了他们对当代社会重要问题的理解和分析能力。
这些文章的选材和内容，无疑为考生提供了一个全面了解世界的机会，同时也为他们未来的学术研究和职业发展奠定了坚实的基础。
