逻辑词总结

英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇1. 并列关系and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2. 转折关系although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite3. 顺序关系first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next4. 因果关系as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of 5. 归纳关系as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word几个用得比较多的句子:As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its , the disadvantages of … is undeniable.To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that … bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent. Obviously, in every aspect, …This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive. 英文作文中常用套句下文中出现的A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody),要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.开头:When it comes to ..., some think ...There is a public debate today that ...A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise oneRecentaly the problem has been brought into focus.Now there is a growing awareness that...It is time we explore the truth of ...Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.进一步提出观点:... but that is only part of the history.Another equally important aspect is ...A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are...提出假想例子的方式:Suppose that...Just imagine what would be like if...It is reasonable to expect...It is not surprising that...举普通例子:For example(instance),...... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)A good case in point is...A particular example for this is...引用:One of the greatest early writers said ..."Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ... "......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...). "......". How often we hear such words like there.讲故事(先说故事主体),this story is not rare...., such delimma we often meet in daily life...., the story still has a realistic significance.There are many reasons for ...Why .... , for one thing,...The answer to this problem involves many factors.Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...The first reason can be obiviously seen.Most people would agree that...Some people may neglect that in fact ...Others suggest that...Part of the explanation is ...进行对比:The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...承上启下:To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...A study of ... will make this point clear让步:Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...I do not deny that A has its own merits.结尾:>From what has been discussed above, we may safely drawthe conclusion that ...In summary, it is wiser ...In short...在作文中引用合适的名言警句,会给你的文章增色许多。

英语连接词连接词的意义分类表递进moreover（而且，此外）, in addition, what is more，furthermore（此外，而且）, also, then, besides, etc.表转折however, nevertheless（然而，不过；虽然如此）, on the other hand, on the contrary, etc. 表层次on the one hand, ... on the other hand; first, ... second, ... finally;表强调firstly, ... secondly, ... finally ...; first, ... then ... etc.表强调in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, obviously, apparently,表结果evidently, first of all, undoubtedly, without any shadow of doubt, etc.表结尾therefore, as a result, then, consequently, accordingly, thus, etc.表例举in a word, in conclusion, therefore, in short, to sum up, etc.表强调still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough（说来也奇怪）, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all （首先，尤其是）, in fact, especially. Obviously, clearly.表比较like, similarly, likewise（同样的，也）, in the same way, in the same manner, equally. 表对比by contrast（相比之下）, on the contrary, while, whereas（然而，鉴于，反之）, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely（相反地）, different from, however, nevertheless（然而，不过，虽然如此）, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.表列举for example, for instance, such as, take ...for example. Except (for), to illustrate. 表时间later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while. first after a few days eventually at that time in the meantime meanwhile afterward from then on表顺序first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.表可能presumably, probably, perhaps.表解释in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.表递进What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.表让步although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.表转折however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately. whereas 表原因for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.表结果as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.表总结on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.其他类型连接词Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case,表空间near to far from in the front of beside behind to the right to the left on the other side of表举例for example to name a few, say , such as表递进in addition furthermore what’s more what’s worse表对比whereas while as opposed to by contrast by comparison表示时间与频率的词汇:in general, every, some, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile.表示附加的词:additionally, as well as, just as, again, along with, also, further, furthermore, likewise, in the same manner, in the same way, in addition to,引出例子:for example, namely, for instance, as an example, that is表示转折:although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise得出结论:all in all, in consequence, in brief, as a result, the point is, in conclusion, therefore, hence, in sum.表示增加的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top of that，another，first second third等。

10个常用结构化逻辑词语
以下是 10 个常用的结构化逻辑词语：
1. 首先：用于引出论述的第一个观点或步骤，起到引导作用，使
文章结构更加清晰。

2. 其次：承接上一个观点或步骤，引出下一个观点或步骤，使文
章层次分明。

3. 然后：表示在前两个观点或步骤之后的内容，起到过渡作用，
使文章内容连贯。

4. 此外：用于补充说明前面的观点或内容，使论述更加全面。

5. 然而：表示转折，引出与前面观点相反的内容，增强文章的逻
辑性。

6. 因此：用于总结前面的论述，得出结论，使文章结构更加完整。

7. 总之：对整篇文章进行总结，强调主要观点，使文章主旨更加
明确。

8. 进一步说：对某个观点进行深入阐述，使文章内容更加丰富。

9. 换句话说：用不同的方式表达同一个观点，使文章表达更加灵活。

10. 具体而言：用于详细说明某个观点或内容，使文章更具说服力。

这些结构化逻辑词语在文章中起到连接、过渡、总结等作用，使文章层次分明、条理清晰、逻辑严密。

在写作中合理运用这些词语，可以提高文章的逻辑性和条理性，增强文章的说服力。

在GRE阅读中，逻辑关系词是理解文章的重要线索。

以下是一些常见的逻辑关系词及其含义：1.因果关系：•表示因果关系的词有：because、since、as、so、therefore、consequently等。

•例如：“The restaurant was crowded because the food was excellent.”（因为食物很好，所以餐厅很拥挤。

）2.转折关系：•表示转折关系的词有：however、but、yet、in fact等。

•例如：“The movie was boring, but the ending was unexpected.”（这部电影很无聊，但结局出乎意料。

）3.比较关系：•表示比较关系的词有：similarly、likewise、in the same way等。

•例如：“The new employee is just as efficient as the veteran.”（新员工和老员工一样高效。

）4.让步关系：•表示让步关系的词有：though、although、even if、granted等。

•例如：“Granted, the movie had some flaws, but it was still enjoyable.”（虽然这部电影有一些缺点，但仍然很愉快。

）5.并列关系：•表示并列关系的词有：and、or、also、too等。

•例如：“She likes apples and bananas.”（她喜欢苹果和香蕉。

）6.条件关系：•表示条件关系的词有：if、unless、as long as、provided that等。

•例如：“If you study hard, you will pass the exam.”（只要你努力学习，你就会通过考试。

）7.时间关系：•表示时间关系的词有：when、while、before、after等。

中文中的连词定义:连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。

连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择等并列连词:有和、跟、与、同、及、而、况、况且、何况、乃至等。

承接连词：有则、乃、就、而、于是、至于、说到、此外、像、如、一般、比方等。

转折连词：有却、但是、然而、而、偏偏、只是、不过、至于、致、不料、岂知等。

因果连词：有原来、因为、由于、以便、因此、所以、是故、以致等。

选择连词：有或、抑、非…即、不是…就是等。

假设连词：有若、如果、若是、假如、假使、倘若、要是、譬如等。

比较连词：有像、好比、如同、似乎、等于；不如、不及；与其…不如、若…则、虽然…可是等。

让步连词：有虽然、固然、尽管、纵然、即使等。

成语中也有使用连词的情况，如：宁缺勿滥、三思而行、好整以暇逻辑关系词怎么用？1、集合的关系，以及常考的典型例题，以及在解题中的易错点2、简单逻辑关系词的编写以及由简单逻辑关键词链接的复合命题的真假判定连词与逻辑关系词区别？连词和逻辑就是关联性，延续性，合理性hence是逻辑关系词吗？hence是表示因果关系的逻辑关系词。

逻辑关系词什么意思？逻辑关系词的意思是指在论证过程中所使用的能关连上下事实论据的词或称逻辑关系词。

逻辑关系词包括连词吗？逻辑关系词包括连词，逻辑关系（logic relationship）即“依赖关系”，是指在人类活动中和思维活动中，概念之间的逻辑关系、命题之间的逻辑关系、事物之间的逻辑关系，时间之间和空间之间的逻辑关系。

指表示两个活动（前导活动和后续活动）中一个活动的变更将会影响到另一个活动的关系。

连词和逻辑关系词的区别？连此是相加在一起！逻辑词是因果关系！表示逻辑顺序的逻辑词中文？表示逻辑顺序的词：首先、其次、再次、最后英语的逻辑和中文的逻辑有什么不同？思维方式、主要在生活习惯以及处事方式上的不同！比如说你家有一副画，我夸奖你家的这幅画好看，我们中国人的方式一般是会假把意思的谦虚一哈，说“哎呀，哪点好看嘛，丑的很、丑的很”，当然，不排除个别哈而在英语里面的说法就是“嗯、我也觉得是这样”，你如果像中国这边这样说“丑的很”的话，夸奖的人就会有“你看不起我嗦，我说好看的东西，你给我冒句丑的很”这样的想法这个貌似是我们高中的时候英语老师给我们这个样子讲的，也有可能是初中的英语老师讲的哈（这个可能性大点），记不清了，希望对你有帮助，嘿嘿相容关系词？莫逆之交肝胆相照亲密无间亲朋好友深情厚意情投意合情同手足关系词语？混乱关系良好关系恶劣关系that关系词造句？例如，that在定语从句中做关系词，I like the magazine that he bought yesterday首先等关系词？“首先”作为关联词时，一般属于承接关系。

特殊定位词：大写、数字、特殊符号、长相怪异的词（吸引眼球）普通定位词：不易变、同义少；n.（实义、身份、学科）>v.（be/become）>adj./adv. *抽象词汇概括性强，较少用逻辑关系词：并列/递进、因果/目的、转折/对比、比较、否定同义替换：对原文精确改写1.含义对应：同义词/同义的短语词性转换上下义词替换对原文的归纳总结2. 结构对应：并列/递进、因果/目的、转折/对比、比较、否定一、并列和递进并列：and, as well as, or, nor, also, too, either...or, neither...nor递进：moreover, furthermore, in addition to, additionally, not only…but also顺序：one, another / first, second.../ first, then...1.并列无重点，并列的双方地位平等2.并列前后结构对称，感情色彩一致，通常含义相似二、对比和转折但是，然而：however, but, nevertheless, yet, while(句中), nonetheless虽然：while（句首）, whereas, although, instead, despite, in spite of对比：on the contrary, instead/instead of, on the other hand, in contrast with, by contrast, conversly1.转折前后含义相反，前面肯定后面则否定，前面否定后面则肯定2.转折关系有时候也可以推出否定关系3.转折以后是作者要表达的重点，多数答案在转折以后出现三、原因-结果因为、由于：because, as, since, as a result of, due to, given, result from, originate from, stem from, spring from, derive from, owing to, given that所以，因此：so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently, as a consequence导致：cause, lead to, result in,contribute to, induce to, cause, so...that, give rise to, be responsible for影响：effect, impact, influence, affect原因、因素：reason, factorB为原因：link A to B和associate A with B生产类词表示微弱因果关系：produce, make, generate, breed与趋势词相似的：develop, promote, improve, boost; accelerate; facilitate; encourage 其他：cue, trigger, ignite目的：不定式to/in order to, aim to, focus on, so that四、否定N系列：no, not, never, none, neither, nor, nothing, nobody几乎不：little, few, hardly, scarely, seldom与out有关的：without / out of / out of the question=impossible词缀：im-, in-, un-, dis-, -less, anti-, il-, ir-动词：deny, lack, ignore, refute, resist, reject, refuse, miss, avoid, prevent, eliminate, get around, refrain from, fail其他：too...太（表示不合适）, rather than五、比较比较级as...as...not as(so) asthe same asbe similar toequal toequally+adj....than...time/fold倍数像，相似：similar, like, resemble, compare A to B, liken A to b最高级：extreme, limit, maximum, minimum上下趋势的词：上升：grow, rise, increase, climb, build up, ascend, lift, enlarge下降：decline, decrease, drop, descend, fall发展变化的词：变好：develop, promote, advance, progress, improve, boost; accelerate; facilitate; encourage, evolve中性的变化：change, shift, modify变差，变少：diminish, deteriorate, erode, worsen, exacerbate, cut down, lessen列举两组以上数据进行比较。

英语作文逻辑词大全以下是一些常用的英语逻辑词大全：1. 因果关系：- because（因为）- since（因为）- as a result（结果）- consequently（因此）- therefore（因此）- thus（因此）- hence（因此）- so（所以）2. 条件关系：- if（如果）- unless（除非）- provided that（条件是）- on the condition that（条件是）- in case（万一）- as long as（只要）- so long as（只要）- assuming（假设）3. 比较关系：- similarly（同样地）- likewise（同样地）- in the same way（以相同的方式）- in a similar manner（以类似的方式）- on the other hand（另一方面）- whereas（然而）- while（同时）- unlike（与...不同）4. 强调关系：- especially（尤其）- particularly（特别是）- notably（值得注意的是）- significantly（显著地）- importantly（重要地）- above all（尤其是）- indeed（确实）- in fact（事实上）5. 顺序关系：- firstly（首先）- secondly（其次）- thirdly（第三）- finally（最后）- eventually（最终）- subsequently（随后）- in conclusion（总结起来）- to sum up（总之）6. 解释关系：- in other words（换句话说）- that is to say（也就是说）- to put it simply（简单来说）- for example（例如）- for instance（例如）- such as（例如）- namely（也就是说）- in particular（特别是）。

1．因果关系过渡词语：〔因果〕…and so…; another important factor/reason…; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for;hence; adv.因此，所以；今后，从此for this reason; in consequence; in that…; in view of; owing to; since; so;…so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently2．并列关系过渡词语：〔并列〕and; also; as well as; both…and…; either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also…; in the same way; too3．序列关系过渡词语：first…, second…, third…, and so forth; A…, B…, C…, and so forth; ne*t; then; following this; at the same time; now; at this point; after; afterwards; subsequently; finally; previously; before this; simultaneously; concurrently; thus; therefore; hence; ne*t; and then; soon4．递进关系过渡词语：〔递进〕accordingly; as a popular saying goes…; as far as…is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to…; in other words; in the first place…, in the second place…; in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only…, but also…; not…but…; lastly; for one thing…, for another…5．时间关系过渡词语：afterwards; as soon as; at last; before; eventually; every; first; first of all; first and foremost; for a start; meanwhile; in the meantime; while; now; ne*t; not…until; later; formerly; previously; prior to; since then; since; subsequently; till; to begin with; to start with; when; then6．转折关系过渡词语：〔对立〕yet; but; unless; despite that; in spite of; though; although; although this may be true; even so; even though; however; sometimes; once in a while; independent of; reckless of; regardless of7．条件关系过渡词语：as long as; even if; even though; if it necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once; provided that; unless8．重复关系过渡词语：in brief; as I have said; as I have noted; as has been noted; as is mentioned above9．比拟关系过渡词语：apart from; by the same token; pared with; in parison with; in the same vein; like; likewise; rather than; similarly; similarly important; equally; when pared with; when in fact…10．举例关系过渡词语：a good e*ample would be; for e*ample; for instance; in this case; in another case; on this occasion; in this situation; take the case of; to demonstrate; to illustrate; according to; as an illustration; as for; as regards; as to; in particular; including; namely; notably; such as; like; take…as an e*ample; you may say…11．比照关系过渡词语：after all; as opposed to; balanced against; up against; vis a vis; where; conversely; on the one hand…on the other hand…; contrary to; conversely; unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; oppose to; whereas; while12．强调关系过渡词语：definitely; e*tremely; obviously; absolutely; positively; naturally; surprisingly; always; forever; perennially; eternally; emphatically; never; unquestionably; without a doubt; certainly; surely; undeniably; without reservation; believe it or not; especially; particularly; in particular; specifically; in fact; as a matter of fact; actually; in deed; moreover; not to mention…; what is more important; notably; that is13．总结关系过渡词语：accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in one word; in brief; in short; in other words; in summary; on the whole; in conclusion; overall; the conclusion can be safely drawn that…; therefore; to conclude; to sum up; summing up; as I have shown; as I have said; all in all考研写作常见单词替代公务书信尾段容１〕表示感：A My thanks to you for your generous assistance are beyond words.B Words fail me when I desire to e*press my sincere gratitude to you for your kind consideration my requirement/application/plaint.C I take the opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for your generous assistance you rendered me2) 期待回信：A i am looking forward to your reply.B I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.C your prompt attention to my ……. Would be highly appreciated. 私人书信写法第一段客套话+写作目的It is great to hear from you again.Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you. You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter.As to/with reference to /with regard to/as regards … ,引出写作目的第三段问候语+期待回信I look forward to hearing from you at your earlist concenience.Please bring my best wished to your family.I wish you good health and lots of happiness.I wish every success for your career/study in the future.私人书信写法第一段客套话+写作目的It is great to hear from you again.Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you.You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter.As to/with reference to /with regard to/as regards … ,引出写作目的第三段问候语+期待回信I look forward to hearing from you at your earlist concenience.Please bring my best wished to your family.I wish you good health and lots of happiness.I wish every success for your career/study in the future.1. important=crucial,critical significant essential vital2. mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to beeverywhere)4. difficult=formidable5. understand=discern6. all the time--continually, continuously, constantly, perpetually7. as a result—consequently、8. before--prior to9. begin—mence10. better—superior11. big--major, significant, substantial12. have--be equipped with, possess13. if--in the event of, in case(of)14. in the end--eventually, finally, ultimately15. know--be aware of, be conversant with, familiar with16. less and less--decreasing(ly)17. more and more –increasingly18. money--funding, funds, resources19. more and more—increasingly20. need--demand, require21. now--at present, at this juncture, at this moment, currently22. often--frequent(ly)23. quick(ly)--rapid(ly),prompt(ly)24. right--appropriate, correct, proper reasonable25. sharp--abrupt, drastic dramatic26. show--demonstrate, manifest reveal27. small--minor/insignificant (problems, differences etc),marginal(不重要的，微小的)28. too many--an e*cessive number of, a disproportionate number of29. too much--e*cessive(ly)30. about : regarding concerning involving relating to, with respect to, withreference to31. Famous: well-known famed, noted, renowned, enjoy a nation-wide/worldwide reputation/fame be widely acknowledged/known32. poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , e*cellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

逻辑关系词汇小总结表逻辑关系的词语归纳：1.表顺承、补充与递进:and; what’s more; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition; additionally; further（而且，况且）; similarly; also; either; too; again(另外，还有); what’s worse; even worse; worse still; to makematters/things worse(使事情更糟的是).如：I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired.The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect.Then again, we must consider the other aspects of the problem.2.表转折：but; however; yet; instead; on the other hand（另一方面）; on the contrary（相反地）; nevertheless（然而）; otherwise; after all(毕竟).Eg: It’s too hot to go for a walk, let’s go swimming istead.3.表因果：(1)引出原因: for; as; since; now that; because; thanks/owing/due to; because of; on account of; as a result/consequence of; in consequence of; result from（vt，由。

引起）;Eg: We should be more careful, for it is already dark.Let’s stay at home, for it’s raining hard outside.(2)引出结果: so; therefore; thus; hence; as a result/consequence; in consequence; consequently; account for（v，是。

l 转折关系but, however, yet(然而然而), on the contrary, contrary to, contrarily, by(in) contrast (to), whereas, rather than, instead of, unlike, in fact(effect), actually 弱转, conversely l 让步关系although, much as, though, even though(if), even, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, anyhow(anyway), as, while （虽然、尽管、即使）, still （尽管如此）（尽管如此）（尽管如此） l 总分关系（举例&总结）举例：for example 、for instance 、such as 、including 总结：in sum ，in general, overall, to sum up ，on the whole, generally l 因果关系because in that ＋句子＋句子 表原因表原因due to thanks to owing to ＋名词＋名词 表原因表原因since now that ever since ＋句子＋句子 表原因表原因because of on account of in response to ＋名词＋名词＋名词 表原因表原因lead to contribute to result in ＋名词＋名词 （前因后果）（前因后果）so that such that in order that ＋句子＋句子 (强调目的、结果的因果) in view of in the light of by virtue of ＋名词＋名词＋名词 鉴于、由于鉴于、由于put down to ascribe to attribute to owe to ＋名词＋名词 归因于归因于so thus hence therefore consequently (as a consequence/ as a result) ＋句子（因此）＋句子 （因此）for, as, as a result of, with（由于，由于某种条件或原因的存在出现了某种结果）果）l递进关系递进词：still、also、indeed、furthermore（进一步）、moreover（而且、此强调）、even（甚至、更）、besides(注意区分except), 外）、highlighting（突出、（突出、强调）additionally, in addition, what’s more l条件关系连词：if, provided/providing that, suppose, supposing, in case (of), in the event of, assume, presumably, so long as, unless, only if, when l并列关系并列词：and（和）、as well as（也）、likewise（同样的）、while（与此同时）、similarly（类似地）、or（或者）、simultaneously（同时发生地）、meanwhile（同时 ）、in the meantime、neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also、more…（同时than （一）写作模板——提纲式作文：1．对立观点式A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？B．有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？C．我的看法。