Ansoft-感应电机设计算例

D设计分析esign and anal y sis微特电机 2006年第11期基于A n s o f t的直线感应电机性能分析22收稿日期:2005-12-21基于Ansoft 的直线感应电机性能分析裘昌利1,2,张红梅1,刘少克1(1.国防科技大学,湖南长沙410073;2.空军航空大学,吉林长春130000)P erfor m ance Analysis of Linear Inducti o n M ot or Based on AnsoftQIU Chang -li 1,2,Z HANG H ong -m ei 1,L I U Shao -ke1(1.N ationalUn i v ersity of Defence Technology ,Changsha 410073,Ch i n a ;2.Av iation Un i v ersity ofA irf o rce ,Changchun 130000,China)摘 要:使用A nso ft 软件辅助直线感应电机的设计和分析,并对电机的磁场分布和运行性能进行仿真,给出了仿真结果,并对仿真方法作了简要的说明。

关键词:直线感应电机;仿真;性能分析中图分类号:T M 359.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-7018(2006)11-0022-02Abstract :The process o f desi gn and analysis of li nea r i n -duc ti on mo tor can be d irected by A nso ft .T he distr i buti on of m agnetic field and the runn i ng perfor m ance are discr i bed by si m -u l a ti on fi gures .K ey w ords :li near i nduc tion m otor ;si m u l a ti on ;ana l ys i s of performance1引 言直线感应电机作为线性驱动装置,具有以下特点:(1)通过电能直接产生电磁推力形成直线运动,不需要从旋转运动到直线运动的机械结构转换;(2)速度不受离心力或电机直径的影响;(3)直线电机的特殊结构决定了其散热能力好,但相对传统旋转电机也有许多不足之处;(4)由于气隙较旋转电机大,因此所需的磁化电流较大,使励磁损耗增加;(5)由于直线电机初级铁心两端开断,产生了边端效应,其边端效应包括纵向效应和横向端部效应,特别在高速区域,由于第二类纵向边端效应在次级导体板产生的感应电流的影响,使电机的损耗增加,功率因数降低,并引起推力减小;(6)直线感应电动机的功率因数和效率都比较低。

参考分析过程一、电机采用RMxprt进行路的方法计算：1、输入数据：二、计算详细输出结果-数据部分Three-Phase Induction Motor DesignFile: d:/demo/machine/3phind-1.pjt/3phind-1.resGENERAL DATAGiven Output Power (kW): 16.5 Rated Voltage (V): 460 Winding Connection: Wye Number of Poles: 2 Given Speed (rpm): 3502 Frequency (Hz): 60 Stray Loss (W): 1276 Friction and Wind Loss (W): 700 Type of Load: Constant Speed Iron Core Length (mm): 241.3 Stacking Factor of Iron Core: 0.95 Type of Steel: D23 Operating Temperature (C): 75STATOR DATANumber of Stator Slots: 36 Outer Diameter of Stator (mm): 257.175Inner Diameter of Stator (mm): 140.335 Type of Stator Slot: 2 Dimension of Stator Sloths0_stator (mm): 1.4097 hs1_stator (mm): 1.651 hs2_stator (mm): 17.7292 bs0_stator (mm): 4.064 bs1_stator (mm): 7.8486 bs2_stator (mm): 10.9728 Top Tooth Width (mm): 4.93213 Bottom Tooth Width (mm): 4.90226 Number of Conductors per Slot: 12 Number of Parallel Branches: 1 Number of Wires per Conductor: 4.378 Type of Coils: 21 Coil Pitch: 16 Wire Diameter (mm): 1.45001 Wire Wrap Thickness (mm): 0.254 Slot Insulation Thickness (mm): 0.254 Top Free Space in Slot (%): 0 Bottom Free Space in Slot (%): 0 Conductor Length Adjustment (mm): 0ROTOR DATANumber of Rotor Slots: 28 Air Gap (mm): 1.1684 Inner Diameter of Rotor (mm): 47.625 Type of Rotor Slot: 3 Dimension of Rotor Slothr0_top (mm): 0.5461 hr01_top (mm): 0.5461 hr1_top (mm): 0.254 hr2_top (mm): 5.588 br0_top (mm): 0.254 br1_top (mm): 3.81 br2_top (mm): 4.064 rr_top (mm): 0 Type of Bottom Rotor Slot: 3 Dimension of Bottom Rotor Slothr0_bottom (mm): 0 hr1_bottom (mm): 0 hr2_bottom (mm): 11.176 br0_bottom (mm): 4.064 br1_bottom (mm): 7.62br2_bottom (mm): 5.08 rr_bottom (mm): 0 Cast Rotor: Yes Half Slot: No Skew Width: 0 End Length of Bar (mm): 0 Height of End Ring (mm): 20.701 Width of End Ring (mm): 32.4104 Resistivity of Rotor Barat 75 Centigrade (ohm.mm^2/m): 0.0434086 Resistivity of Rotor Ringat 75 Centigrade (ohm.mm^2/m): 0.0434086MATERIAL CONSUMPTIONArmature Copper Density (kg/m^3): 8900 Rotor Bar Material Density (kg/m^3): 2700 Rotor Ring Material Density (kg/m^3): 2700 Armature Core Steel Density (kg/m^3): 7800 Rotor Core Steel Density (kg/m^3): 7800Armature Copper Weight (kg): 1.62757 Rotor Bar Material Weight (kg): 1.70536 Rotor Ring Material Weight (kg): 1.32265 Armature Core Steel Weight (kg): 50.4387 Rotor Core Steel Weight (kg): 18.8777 Total Net Weight (kg): 73.972Armature Core Steel Consumption (kg): 93.3773 Rotor Core Steel Consumption (kg): 27.6565RATED-LOAD OPERATIONStator Resistance (ohm): 0.253089 Stator Leakage Reactance (ohm): 1.0228 Rotor Resistance (ohm): 0.287023 Rotor Leakage Reactance (ohm): 1.20946 Resistance Corresponding toIron-Core Loss (ohm): 782.242 Magnetizing Reactance (ohm): 45.0353Stator Phase Current (A): 25.1328 Current Corresponding toIron-Core Loss (A): 0.319865 Magnetizing Current (A): 5.55592Rotor Phase Current (A): 23.5764Copper Loss of Stator Winding (W): 479.595 Copper Loss of Rotor Winding (W): 478.621 Iron-Core Loss (W): 240.103 Friction & Wind Loss (W): 700 Stray Loss (W): 1276 Total Loss (W): 3174.32 Input Power (kW): 19.5777 Output Power (kW): 16.4034Mechanical Shaft Torque (N.m): 44.7289 Efficiency (%): 83.786 Power Factor: 0.913971 Rated Slip: 0.0272222 Rated Shaft Speed (rpm): 3502NO-LOAD OPERATIONNo-Load Stator Resistance (ohm): 0.253089 No-Load Stator Leakage Reactance (ohm): 1.02329 No-Load Rotor Resistance (ohm): 0.286993 No-Load Rotor Leakage Reactance (ohm): 8.04386No-Load Stator Phase Current (A): 5.92145 No-Load Iron-Core Loss (W): 257.943 No-Load Input Power (W): 2284.21 No-Load Power Factor: 0.213701 No-Load Slip: 0.00103014 No-Load Shaft Speed (rpm): 3596.29BREAK-DOWN OPERATIONBreak-Down Slip: 0.17 Break-Down Torque (N.m): 132.277 Break-Down Torque Ratio: 2.9573 Break-Down Phase Current (A): 101.661LOCKED-ROTOR OPERATIONLocked-Rotor Torque (N.m): 54.3284 Locked-Rotor Phase Current (A): 149.589 Locked-Rotor Torque Ratio: 1.21461 Locked-Rotor Current Ratio: 5.95195Locked-Rotor Stator Resistance (ohm): 0.253089 Locked-Rotor StatorLeakage Reactance (ohm): 1.01599 Locked-Rotor Rotor Resistance (ohm): 0.325616 Locked-Rotor RotorLeakage Reactance (ohm): 0.67378DETAILED DATA AT RATED OPERATIONStator Slot Leakage Reactance (ohm): 0.549208 Stator End-Winding LeakageReactance (ohm): 0.396411 Stator Differential LeakageReactance (ohm): 0.0771798 Rotor Slot Leakage Reactance (ohm): 0.943582 Rotor End-Winding LeakageReactance (ohm): 0.0526411 Rotor Differential LeakageReactance (ohm): 0.213249 Skewing Leakage Reactance (ohm): 0Slot Fill Factor (%): 78.4847 Stator Winding Factor: 0.941617Stator-Teeth Flux Density (Tesla): 1.06718 Rotor-Teeth Flux Density (Tesla): 0.642609 Lower-Part Rotor-TeethFlux Density (Tesla): 1.04649 Stator-Yoke Flux Density (Tesla): 0.891501 Rotor-Yoke Flux Density (Tesla): 0.696282 Air-Gap Flux Density (Tesla): 0.402755Stator-Teeth Ampere Turns (A.T): 9.59168 Rotor-Teeth Ampere Turns (A.T): 1.12198 Lower-Part Rotor-TeethAmpere Turns (A.T): 4.79376 Stator-Yoke Ampere Turns (A.T): 36.9241 Rotor-Yoke Ampere Turns (A.T): 5.52483 Air-Gap Ampere Turns (A.T): 450.687Correction Factor for MagneticCircuit Length of Stator Yoke: 0.7 Correction Factor for MagneticCircuit Length of Rotor Yoke: 0.567404 Saturation Factor for Teeth: 1.03441Saturation Factor for Teeth & Yoke: 1.1286 Induced-Voltage Factor: 0.942131Stator Current Density (A/mm^2): 3.47642 Specific Electric Loading (A/mm): 24.6268 Stator Thermal Load (A^2/mm^3): 85.6133Rotor Bar Current Density (A/mm^2): 3.66388 Rotor Ring Current Density (A/mm^2): 2.27977Half-Turn Length ofStator Winding (mm): 585.542WINDING ARRANGEMENTThe 3-phase, 2-layer winding can be arranged in 18 slots as below:AAAAAAZZZZZZBBBBBBAngle per slot (elec. degrees): 10 Phase-A axis (elec. degrees): 105 First slot center (elec. degrees): 0 TRANSIENT FEA INPUT DATAFor one phase of the Stator Winding:Number of Turns: 72 Parallel Branches: 1 Terminal Resistance (ohm): 0.253089 End Leakage Inductance (H): 0.00105151 For Rotor End Ring Between Two Bars of One Side:End Ring Resistance (ohm): 8.44E-07 End Ring Leakage Inductance (H): 1.78E-09 Skew Leakage Inductance (H): 0 2D Equivalent Value:Equivalent Air-Gap Length (mm): 241.3 Equivalent Stator Stacking Factor: 0.95 Equivalent Rotor Stacking Factor: 0.95 Estimated Rotor Inertial Moment (kg m^2): 0.0670109三、计算详细输出结果-图形与曲线部分自动根据最小对称条件生成有限元模型自定义绕组编辑器与绕组安放图自动生成的三维分析模型输入电流/速度曲线效率/转速曲线输出功率/转速曲线功率因数/转速曲线输出转矩/转速曲线合并特性曲线四、参数化设计和优化设计Ansoft 软件能够通过选择设计可以改变的量和优化目标，自动进行参数化设计和优化设计参数化设计实例（改变转子槽深(hr2)时起动电流（LC ）和起动转矩(LT)的变化）五、场分析结果实例利用Ansoft二维和三维有限元电机设计分析和优化软件可以解决以下问题从结构到性能的有限元分析,包括z电磁场分析z冲片设计z温度场分析z性能计算z电机参数计算等基于参数的电机设计方案探索、比较电机静态和动态分析z稳态特性z加减速特性z突加突减负载z可编程负载特性电机参数计算等电机故障软件模拟分析-如导条断裂、绝缘击穿等异步电机,无刷电机等在变频器供电下(非正弦供电)下的特性分析电机驱动电路与有限元的耦合仿真在考虑材料非线性等情况下回答有关z转矩脉动z损耗z温升z转矩、转速特性z效率等问题并对其进行优化以下举几个典型实例的计算结果：首先编辑模型。

如何利用ansoft中磁路法计算，一键生成maxwell有限元电磁计算模型1、以一台凸极式永磁同步电机为例：打开软件，进入下图所示截面，选中RMxprt打开选择Adjust-Speed Synchronous Machine2、进入RMxprt界面，如下图所示：3、双击Machine，出现下图界面：极数：16转子位置：内转子各种损耗：可大致设置为额定功率的2%左右额定转速：790r/min线圈交流电AC及Y3星型联接4、双击stator，出现下图界面：定子外径：250定子内径：165定子轴向长度：160叠压系数：0.97定子材料：JFE_steel_50JN800定子槽数：36定子槽型：选3斜槽数：15、双击slot，如下图示：（一开始先将Auto Design后面√去除，点确认退出，再次双击slot 进入，即出现下图设置界面）3号槽型，设置数据如上图所示6、双击winding，选择winding界面线圈层数：2线圈形式：全极式绕组线圈并联之路：2每槽导体数：38（上下两层总计数）线圈跨距：4每匝线圈数：暂时空着，系统自动计算线圈漆包厚度：0.06平均线径：单击Diameter，进入设计截面，设置如下，点击OK再选择End/Insulation界面框线圈端部长：10槽绝缘厚度：0.3楔子厚度：2层绝缘厚：0.3槽满率：0.87、双击Rotor转子外径：162.5转子内径：110转子轴向长度：160转子材料：steel_1010叠压系数：1（转子为整个铸件）磁极类型：28、双击pole极狐系数：0.8偏移：0（即磁钢内外径同心）磁钢材料：NdFe35磁钢厚度：4.659、shaft轴可不设置10、右键单击Analysis单击选择Add solution setup，出现下图额定功率：17 （设置时注意单位的选择）额定电压：340额定转速：790其它默认即可11、至此RMxprt设置完成，右键点击增加的Setup1，单击Analyze 进行分析12、分析完成后可右键，可右键Results，选择Solution Data查看相关结果参数13、右键Setup1，选择Create Maxwell Design（生成有限元计算模型）选择Maxwell2D Design（或者3D，根据自己需求选择）14、系统会根据槽极比生成最小有限元单元，如此处生成1/4模型，若想生成全模型，可在RMxprt模块下，选择窗口中RMxprt，单击Design Settings，选择出现窗口下User Defined Date,设置如下（Fraction 1注意大小写及字母与数字间空一格），再点击重新计算即可生成有限元全模型谢谢！。

有限元分析软件Ansoft在电机领域中的应用一ansoft软件各模块的简单介绍1 RMxprt该软件用于探索电机设计空间、快速确定设计方案，并能进行优化设计它已经可以进行十三种电机类型的设计：三相感应电机单相感应电机永磁无刷直流电机永磁直流电机通用电机开关磁阻电机调速运行永磁同步电机自起动三相永磁同步电机三相同步电机三相同步发电机永磁同步发电机特点：✓向导式介面，参数化输入: 工作条件,几何尺寸, 材料特性✓基于磁网路法的快速解析分析✓详细的结果输出：图形和表格✓利用对称条件生成最小有限元分析模型，用于电机动态过程详细有限元分析✓参数化设计能力：尺寸、材料等无需指定。

可用一定变化范围的变量表示✓优化设计功能✓求解时考虑材料非线性b – h特性✓自动设计功能: 槽型设计和线规选择✓提供丰富的预设计电机模型库✓输入数据自动验证✓提供美国、中国材料库和公制、英制尺寸✓针对电机种类的多种绕组型式和用户定义绕组连接方式✓多种负栽种类: 恒功率、恒转矩、恒转速、风机水泵✓三维斜槽和端部效应✓无刷电机、开关磁阻电机、永磁同步电机驱动线路类型、控制方式选择和开关管参数设定2. Maxwell 2D二维电磁场、温度场，瞬态场分析软件，Maxwell® 2D 是一个功能强大、结果精确、易于使用的二维电磁场有限元分析软件，一般在电磁物体满足轴向均匀或RZ对称的条件下采用。

3. Maxwell 3D包括电场、稳态磁场和交流磁场、动态电磁场、损耗计算和热分析模块，其核心是针对三维电磁场分析而优化的有限元技术。

向导式的用户界面、精度驱动的自适应剖分技术和强大的后处理器使得Maxwell 3D成为业界最佳的高性能三维电磁设计软件。

可以分析涡流、位移电流、集肤效应和领近效应具有不可忽视作用的系统，得到电机、母线、变压器、线圈中涡流的整体特性。

功率损耗、线圈损耗、某一频率下的阻抗(R和L)、力、转矩、电感、储能等参数可以自动计算。