常用物流英文术语：1．物品article2．物流logistics3．物流活动logistics activity4．物流作业logistics operation5．物流模数logistics modulus6．物流技术logistics technology7．物流成本logistics cost8．物流管理logistics management9．物流中心logistics center10．物流网络logistics network11．物流信息logistics information12．物流企业logistics enterprise13．物流单证logistics documents14．物流联盟logistics alliance15．供应物流supply logistics16．生产物流production logistics17．销售物流distribution logistics18．回收物流returned logistics19．废弃物物流waste material logistics20．绿色物流environmental logistics21．企业物流internal logistics22．社会物流external logistics23．军事物流military logistics24．国际物流international logistics25．第三方物流third-part logistics (TPL)26．定制物流customized logistics27．虚拟物流virtual logistics28．增值物流服务value-added logistics service 29．供应链supply chain30．条码bar code31．电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI) 32．有形消耗tangible loss33．无形消耗intangible loss 奖罚物流作业术语1．运输transportation2．联合运输combined transport3．直达运输through transport4．中转运输transfer transport5．甩挂运输drop and pull transport6．集装运输containerized transport7．集装箱运输container transport8．门到门door-to-door9．整箱货full container load (FCL)10．拼箱货less than container load (LCL11．储存storing12．保管storage13．物品储存article reserves14．库存inventory15．经常库存cycle stock16．安全库存safety stick17．库存周期inventory cycle time18．前置期（或提前期）lead time19．订货处理周期order cycle time20．货垛goods stack21．堆码stacking22．搬运handing/carrying23．装卸loading and unloading24．单元装卸unit loading and unloading25．包装package/packaging26．销售包装sales package27．定牌包装packing of nominated brand28．中性包装neutral packing29．运输包装transport package30．托盘包装palletizing31．集装化containerization32．散装化containerization33．直接换装cross docking34．配送distribution35．共同配送joint distribution36．配送中心distribution center37．分拣sorting38．拣选order picking39．集货goods collection40．组配assembly41．流通加工distribution processing42．冷链cold chain43．检验inspection 奖罚物流技术装备及设施术语1．仓库warehouse2．库房storehouse3．自动化仓库automatic warehouse 4．4立体仓库stereoscopic warehouse5．虚拟仓库virtual warehouse6．保税仓库boned warehouse7．出口监管仓库export supervised warehouse 8．海关监管货物cargo under customer’s supervision 9．冷藏区chill space10．冷冻区freeze space11．控湿储存区humidity controlled space12．温度可控区temperature controlled space 13．收货区receiving space14．发货区shipping space15．料棚goods shed16．货场goods yard17．货架goods shelf18．托盘pallet19．*车fork lift truck20．输送机conveyor21．自动导引车automatic guided vehicle (AGV) 22．箱式车box car23．集装箱container24．换算箱twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU)25．特种货物集装箱specific cargo container26．全集装箱船full container ship27．铁路集装箱场railway container yard28．公路集装箱中转站inland container depot29．集装箱货运站container freight station (CFS)30．集装箱码头container terminal31．国际铁路联运international through railway transport32．国际多式联运international multimodal transport33．大陆桥运输land bridge transport34．班轮运输liner transport35．租船运输shipping by chartering36．船务代理shipping agency37．国际货运代理international freight forwarding agent38．理货tally39．国际货物运输保险international transportation cargo insurance 40．报关customs declaration41．报关行customs broker42．进出口商品检验commodity inspection 奖罚.物流管理术语1．物流战略logistics strategy2．物流战略管理logistics strategy management3．仓库管理warehouse management4．仓库布局warehouse layout5．库存控制inventory control6．经济订货批量economic order quantity (EOQ)7．定量订货方式fixed-quantity system (FQS)8．定期订货方式fixed-quantity system (FIS)9．ABC分类管理ABC classification10．电子订货系统Electronic order system (EOS)11．准时制just in time (JIT)12．准时制物流just-in-time logistics13．零库存技术zero-inventory logistics14．物流成本管理logistics cost control15．物料需要计划material requirements planning (MRP)16．制造资源计划manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) 17．配送需要计划distribution requirements planning (DRP) 18．配送资源计划distribution resource planning (DRP II)19．物流资源计划logistics resource planning (LRP)20．企业资源计划enterprise resource planning (ERP)21．供应链管理supply chain management (SCM)22．快速反映Quick response (QR)23．有效客户反映efficient customer response(ECR)24．连续库存补充计划continuous replenishment program (CRP) 25．计算机付诸订货系统computer assisted ordering (CAO) 26．供应商管理库存vendor managed inventory (VMI)27．业务外包outsourcing。
物流管理logistics management客户服务customer service物资搬运material handling订单处理order processing需求预测demand forecasting退货处理return goods handling零配件和服务支持parts and service support工厂及仓库选址factory and warehouse site selection 存货管理inventory management逆向物流reverse logistics产出点point of origin消费点point of consumption物流成本logistics cost销售损失lost sale退货处理成本cost of return goods handling潜在的销售potential future sale运输成本transportation cost进货渠道inbound channel出货渠道outbound channel订单处理成本order processing cost销售沟通distribution communication电子数据交换系统electronic data interchange (EDI) 卫星数据传输satellite data transmission条码bar coding内部成本internal cost外部成本external cost订单传输order transmittal订单输入order entry批量成本lot quantity cost缺货stockout库存持有成本inventory carrying cost资金成本capital cost仓储空间成本storage space cost风险成本risk cost供应链supply chain最终用户end-customer供应链管理supply chain management货物流product flow核心能力core competency信息流information flow人力资源human resource上游供应商upper stream supplier供应链整合supply chain integration下游企业down stream firm物资供应material procurement供应链战略Supply chain strategy虚拟企业Virtual company多数供应商战略Many suppliers strategy 少数供应商战略Few suppliers strategy前向整合Forward integration后向整合Backward integration纵向整合战略Vertical integration规模经济Economy of scale企业集团Keiretsu networks成本降低Cost reduction产品移动product movement门到门door-to-door在途库存in-transit inventory有效利用能源energy-efficient危险品hazardous material灵活性和通用性flexibility and versatility远洋运输Ocean going ships建筑材料building materials价格优势price advantage跨西伯利亚铁路the Trans Siberian railway 多式联运multi-modal transport工业中心industrial center空箱empty container装货地place of loading拼箱groupage container系统化转运systematic transfer公铁运输road-rail transport长距离运输long distance movement LASH lighter abroad shipCFS container freight stationFCL full container loadLEL less than container loadTEU twenty-foot equivalent units资金周转cash flow网络结构network structure运输成本transportation cost运输工具transport vehicle现场仓库field warehouse延期交货订单back-order中间商intermediary客户服务customer service分销渠道distribution channel主生产计划master production schedule库存周转率inventory turnover前置期lead time库存管理inventory management搬运成本carrying cost持有成本holding cost容量规划capacity planning生产进度安排production schedule撤回withdraw工作进程中的work-in-process分类assortment存货单位stock keeping units竞争武器competitive weapon库存水平inventory levels潜在的问题potential problem物流活动logistics activities最终顾客ultimate customer信息技术information technologies物流信息系统logistics information system实时销售信息real-time sales data决策相关信息decision-relevant information决策支持系统Decision support systems长期预测long-term forecast库存控制inventory controlwarehouse management systems (WMS) 仓储管理系统Transportation management systems (TMS) 运输管理系统material flows 物料流material handling automation 物料处理的自动化Enterprise resource planning systems (ERP) 企业资源计划系统purchasing orders采购订单duplicate records 备份记录financial records 财务记录sales orders 销售订单promise system 保证系统仓储操作warehousing operation基本布局basic layout订单分拣order pick储存区storage area大批量运输large quantity shipments办公管理clerical/office administration装运检验shipment content checking升降货车lift truck运送路线delivery route标识marking产品编号product number仓库管理系统warehouse management system订单要求order requirement运输目的地shipping destination运输工具transportation facilities搬运信息handling information仓库设施warehouse facility公共仓库public warehousing自用仓库private warehousing广告成本advertising cost首笔投资initial investment客户服务customer service服务水平service level竞争动力competitive drive制造商manufacturer经销商distributor温控仓库temperature-controlled warehouse进口税imported duty罐装储存tank storage易腐物品perishable products农产品agricultural products大宗散装存储产品bulk storage products普通商品仓库general commodity warehouse冷藏仓库refrigerated warehouse特种商品仓库special commodity warehouse保税仓库bonded warehouse物资操作系统materials handling system自动化操作系统automated materials handling system存储和订单处理设备storage and order picking equipment出货设备shipping equipment计算机分类computerized sortation高层自动化存取系统high-rise storage and retrieval systems光导向操作light-directed operations机械化操作系统mechanized materials handling system信息导向操作系统information-directed materials handling system 运输和分类设备transportation and sorting equipment自动导向车辆系统automated guided vehicle systems(AGVS)活动货架live rack射频波控制设备RF-controlled equipment订货拣选系统order selection system商业包装marketing package工业包装industrial package产品质量quality of products国内外市场the domestic and world markets包装工业packaging industry无损伤货物damage-free goods包装的功能functions of packaging通用商品码UPC (Universal Product Code)主箱master carton处理成本disposal cost运输容积和重量transportation cube and weight可回收使用的容器returnable container标准结构standard configuration容积利用率cube utilization订货数量order quantities体积最小化cube minimization运输成本transportation cost运输效率transportation efficiency包装尺寸packaging size/cube真空包装vacuum-packed环保包装environmental packaging载重率weight utilization实物配送Physical distribution订单处理Order process集约式分销intensive distribution独家分销exclusive distribution实物履行Physical fulfillment客户要求Customer requirements选择性分销selective distribution零售价retail price配送中心Distribution center物流结点Logistics link总装配Final assembly成批地In batch销售时点信息系统point of sales information system 有效顾客反应Efficient consumer response需求链Demand chain外部顾客external customer增值活动value-added activities接受订单take ordersSpecimen 样品，样本，实例n.Charter 包租（船、飞机等）vt.Secure 保护，保证vt.Knot 节，海里（测船速的单位）n. Compulsory 规定的，强制的，义务的adj.Berth 靠泊；泊位vt. & n.Overhaul 细密检查，检修vt. & n.Enquiry 询价单n.Inclusive 包括的，包含的adj.COSCO (China Ocean Shipping Company) 中国远洋运输公司direct steamer 直达轮船shipping form 订舱单cntrs (containers) 集装箱export customs docs 出口海关单据Respectively 个别地，各自地adv.Berth 靠泊；泊位vt. n.Overhaul 细密检查，检修vt. &n.Enquiry 询问n.Inclusive 包括的，包含的adj.shipping form 订舱单cntrs (containers) 集装箱export customs docs (export customs documents) 出口海关单据官方单证government document外汇管制exchange control领事发票consular invoice政府部门government bodies相关单证relevant document商业单证commercial document形式发票pro forma invoice检验证书inspection certificate海运提单bill of lading国内工业domestic industry出口许可证export license原产国country of origin信用证credit letter保险单insurance policy外国竞争foreign competition产地检验证书inspection certificate of origin数量检验证书inspection certificate of quality价值检验证书inspection certificate of value兽医检验证书veterinary inspection certificate普惠制产地证格式A generalized system of preferences certificate of origin Form A 汇票bill of exchange/draft即期汇票sight draft贷项通知书credit note装运标志shipping marks报关customs declaration装箱单packing list受益人证明beneficiary certificate保险公司insurance company毛重gross weight海运费freight charge货运代理freight forwarder业务关系business relations投保金额Insured amount净重Net weight尺码单measurement list报关行customs broker海运提单marine(ocean) B/L清洁提单clean B/L全式提单long form B/L租船契约charter party货物收据receipt of goods指示提单order B/L预定航线scheduled route运费freight charge已装船提单shipped B/L不记名提单open B/L多式联运人multimodal transport operator海运单证maritime transportation document直达提单direct B/L联运提单through B/L班轮提单liner B/L预计抵达时间estimated time of arrival (ETA)订舱单booking note提货单delivery note装卸公司stevedoring company装货清单loading list收货单Mate’s receipt短卸short discharge理货单tally sheet议付negotiation of payment集装箱装箱单container load plan海运单证shipping document卸货报告outturn report运输方式mode of transport航空运单airway bill海上运输maritime transport业务关系business relations公路运单road waybill货代收货证明forwarder’s certificate of receipt 货代运输证明forwarder’s certificate of transport 航运公司Shipping line大副Chief mate出港货物Outturn goods海关报关手续Customs declaration formalities书面证明written evidence拼箱groupage container集装箱场站收据dock receipt国际货物委托书shipper’s letter of instruction 设备交接单equipment interchange receipt交接货物handing and taking over cargo集装箱码头Container Terminal。
物流管理和供应链管理的联系和区别一、定义：物流管理（Logistics Management）指的是协调和管理物流活动，以实现目标的规划、组织、实施和控制的过程。
供应链管理（Supply Chain Management）则是指整合企业内外、上下游生产、流通和服务环节的活动，以实现增加价值和满足顾客需求的过程。
二、目标：物流管理的目标是通过最佳的运输、仓储、配送等活动，实现成本最小化、效率最大化和服务质量最优化。
供应链管理的目标是通过合理整合和协调各个环节，实现物流时间缩短、库存降低、成本控制和顾客满意度提高。
三、范围：物流管理的范围主要包括运输、仓储、配送和信息处理等环节。
供应链管理则涉及到原材料采购、生产计划、库存控制、营销和客户关系管理等更广泛的范围。
四、过程：物流管理的过程主要包括需求管理、运输管理、库存管理和配送管理等。
供应链管理的过程则更加复杂，包括供应商选择、采购计划、生产调度、运输安排、库存控制和客户服务等。
五、控制：物流管理的控制主要依靠运输成本、仓储成本和配送时间等指标进行监控和评估。
供应链管理则需要通过多个环节的指标监控，例如供应商交货准时率、生产计划完成率、库存周转率和订单交货满意度等，以实现整个供应链的优化和改进。
区别：物流管理更加注重运输、仓储和配送等操作性的环节，主要目标是优化这些环节的效率和成本。
而供应链管理则更注重企业内外的协调和整合，主要目标是优化整个供应链的效率、响应速度和满足顾客需求。
供应链管理的范围更广泛，需要考虑更多的因素和环节。
此外，供应链管理涉及到更多的合作伙伴，需要通过跨部门和跨企业的合作来实现整个供应链的优化。
供应链管理及业务管理知识分析模式(英文版) Supply Chain Management and Business Management Knowledge Analysis ModelIntroduction:Supply chain management (SCM) and business management are two crucial aspects of a company's success and growth. SCM involves the coordination and management of all activities involved in buying, producing, and delivering products or services to customers. On the other hand, business management encompasses the planning, organizing, and controlling of all business operations to achieve organizational goals. This article aims to analyze the key knowledge areas within SCM and business management, highlighting their importance and interdependence.1. Supply Chain Management Knowledge Areas:1.1 Logistics Management:Logistics management focuses on the movement of goods and materials from suppliers to customers. It involves the transportation, warehousing, inventory control, and order fulfillment processes. Efficient logistics management ensures timely delivery, reduces costs, and enhances customer satisfaction.1.2 Procurement and Supplier Management:This knowledge area involves the selection, evaluation, and management of suppliers to ensure the reliable and cost-effective supply of materials or services. It includes activities such as sourcing, negotiation, contract management, and supplierperformance measurement.1.3 Demand Planning and Forecasting:Demand planning and forecasting involve the estimation of future customer demand for products or services. It helps in the optimization of inventory levels, production planning, and resource allocation. Accurate forecasting reduces stockouts, minimizes inventory carrying costs, and improves customer service.1.4 Inventory Management:Inventory management encompasses the control and optimization of inventory levels to meet customer demands while minimizing holding costs. It includes inventory classification, safety stock determination, replenishment strategies, and utilization of advanced inventory management techniques like just-in-time (JIT) and economic order quantity (EOQ).1.5 Risk Management:Supply chain risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with supply chain operations. It includes evaluating risks related to supplier reliability, demand volatility, transportation disruptions, natural disasters, and geopolitical factors. Effective risk management helps in minimizing potential disruptions and ensuring business continuity.2. Business Management Knowledge Areas:2.1 Strategic Planning:Strategic planning involves setting the long-term goals and direction of the company. It includes analyzing internal andexternal factors, conducting market research, defining the company's mission and vision, and formulating strategies to achieve competitive advantage. Strategic planning provides a roadmap for decision-making and resource allocation.2.2 Financial Management:Financial management focuses on the efficient utilization and allocation of financial resources within the company. It includes budgeting, financial analysis, cash flow management, and capital investment decisions. Effective financial management ensures profitability, liquidity, and sustainability of the business.2.3 Organizational Behavior:Organizational behavior refers to understanding individual and group dynamics within the company. It includes topics like motivation, leadership, communication, team dynamics, and organizational culture. Understanding and managing organizational behavior promotes employee engagement, productivity, and effective teamwork.2.4 Marketing and Sales Management:Marketing and sales management involves the identification of target markets, development of marketing strategies, and implementation of promotional activities to achieve sales objectives. It includes market research, product development, pricing, distribution, and customer relationship management. Effective marketing and sales management drive customer acquisition, retention, and revenue generation.2.5 Operations Management:Operations management focuses on the design, control, and improvement of production processes to deliver products or services efficiently. It includes capacity planning, production scheduling, quality management, and continuous process improvement. Effective operations management increases productivity, reduces costs, and ensures customer satisfaction.Conclusion:Supply chain management and business management are interconnected and essential for the success of any company. A comprehensive knowledge analysis model helps to identify and prioritize key knowledge areas within these domains. Companies that effectively manage their supply chains and employ sound business management principles gain a competitive edge, achieve operational excellence, and sustain long-term growth and profitability.3. Interdependence between Supply Chain Management and Business Management:The interdependence between supply chain management and business management is crucial for the overall success and growth of a company. While supply chain management focuses on the operational aspects of sourcing, production, and delivery, business management provides the strategic framework and direction for these activities. The knowledge areas within both domains are interconnected and rely on each other for effective decision-making and implementation.For example, strategic planning plays a significant role in both supply chain management and business management. A company'sstrategic objectives and goals influence its supply chain strategy, such as sourcing strategies, selection of suppliers, and distribution network design. On the other hand, the company's supply chain capabilities and constraints impact its overall strategic decisions, such as market entry strategies, product differentiation, and pricing.Similarly, financial management is essential for both supply chain management and business management. Efficient financial management helps in allocating resources effectively within the supply chain, such as optimizing inventory levels, implementing cost-saving measures, and improving cash flow. It also enables the company to make informed business decisions, such as investing in new technologies or expanding into new markets.Organizational behavior plays a critical role in both domains as well. Effective communication, teamwork, and leadership within the supply chain contribute to smooth coordination and collaboration among various stakeholders. In business management, understanding organizational behavior helps in creating a positive work culture, motivating employees, and fostering innovation, thereby leading to better business performance and customer satisfaction.Marketing and sales management are interconnected with supply chain management as well. Market research and customer insights are crucial in demand planning and forecasting, which informs supply chain decisions, such as production levels, inventory management, and transportation requirements. Conversely, supply chain capabilities influence marketing and sales strategies, such as product availability, delivery speed, and customer service levels.Integration between these knowledge areas ensures alignment between supply and demand, resulting in customer satisfaction and competitive advantage.Furthermore, operations management plays a key role in both supply chain management and business management. Efficient operations management techniques, such as lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, and total quality management, improve productivity, reduce waste, and enhance product/service quality. These improvements, in turn, enhance the company's overall performance and competitiveness. Additionally, operations management principles help in optimizing supply chain processes, such as production scheduling, inventory management, and order fulfillment, leading to cost savings, shorter lead times, and improved customer satisfaction.4. Importance of Supply Chain Management and Business Management Knowledge:The knowledge areas within supply chain management and business management are crucial for companies to remain competitive, adapt to changing market dynamics, and drive overall business success. Below are the key reasons why companies should prioritize and invest in these knowledge areas:4.1 Optimal Resource Utilization:Efficient supply chain management ensures optimal utilization of resources, such as raw materials, production capacity, and transportation, resulting in cost savings and improved profitability. Likewise, effective business management helps in allocatingfinancial, human, and technological resources to their best possible use, maximizing the value generated by the company.4.2 Enhanced Customer Satisfaction:Supply chain management focuses on meeting customer demands by ensuring the availability of products/services, on-time delivery, and quick response to customer queries. This improves customer satisfaction and loyalty. Business management, meanwhile, helps in developing effective marketing and sales strategies, understanding customer preferences, and delivering superior customer service, further enhancing customer satisfaction and building long-term relationships.4.3 Risk Mitigation and Resilience:Supply chain management knowledge areas, such as risk management and procurement, help in identifying and mitigating potential risks to the supply chain, including disruptions from suppliers, transportation issues, or natural disasters. Business management complements these efforts by implementing suitable risk management strategies at the organizational level, such as diversifying revenue streams, implementing robust financial controls, and building strong relationships with key stakeholders. This ensures business continuity and resilience.4.4 Competitive Advantage:Companies that excel in supply chain management gain a competitive advantage by offering better value to customers through lower costs, higher product quality, and faster delivery. Similarly, effective business management, through strategic planning, marketing, and operations, helps companies differentiatethemselves from competitors and create unique value propositions that attract and retain customers.4.5 Innovation and Agility:Both supply chain management and business management knowledge areas foster innovation and agility within organizations. Supply chain innovation, such as implementing advanced technologies like automation, AI, and IoT, improves operational efficiency, reduces costs, and enables faster response to market changes. Business management knowledge areas, such as strategic planning and organizational behavior, help in creating a culture of innovation, driving continuous improvement, and fostering agile decision-making.Conclusion:Effective supply chain management and business management are critical for the success of any company. The knowledge areas within these domains are interconnected and mutually dependent. Companies that prioritize and invest in these knowledge areas gain a competitive edge, achieve operational excellence, and sustain long-term growth and profitability. Understanding and implementing the key principles and practices within supply chain management and business management enable companies to optimize resources, enhance customer satisfaction, mitigate risks, and leverage opportunities for innovation and competitive advantage.。
