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高中英语语法名词和主谓一致Chapter 1 名词和主谓一致一、名词 1、名词的分类1）专有名词 2）个体名词 3）集体名词 4）物质名词 5）抽象名词*抽象名词具体化（见附1）2、名词的数1）不可数名词 2）可数名词 3）集体名词的数①可表单可表复②只能表示复数4）只有复数形式的名词 5）单复数意义不同的词3、名词的格1）’s所有格的构成 2）of所有格的构成 3）双重所有格*易混名词辨析（见附2）二、主谓一致 1、主谓一致的三原则1）语法一致原则：主单谓单，主复谓复 e.g. The number of mistakes is surprising.They are praised by us.2）意义一致原则：着眼于内在含义而非外在语法形式 e.g. Three months has passed since you left. The old are very well taken care of in our city.3）就近原则：谓语动词和离他近的主语保持人称一致Or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but alsoe.g. Not only we but also the little girl is fond of the game. Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.2、主语的形式1）不定代词作主语①独立的不定代词作主语不定代词either \\neither\\ each\\ one\\ the other\\ another\\ someone\\ anyone\\ somebody\\something\\ anybody\\ anything\\ everyone\\ everybody\\ everything\\nobody\\ no one\\ nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常作单数 e.g. No one likes to belaughed at.Someone is waiting for you at the school gate.②neither\\ either of…作主语+复数名词，谓语动词可单可复 e.g.Either of thetwo films are\\is interesting. ③all作主语主语指人时用复数，指全部事情时用单数 e.g. All are present at the meeting. All is going on very well. ④each⑤such作主语：根据其意义定e.g. Such are the films that we are interested in.Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved somuch 2）集合名词作主语3）以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语①以-ics结尾的表学科的词作主语，谓语动词用单数：mathematics，physics ②形式上是复数的专有名词作主语，谓语动词用单数：the United States③以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语，谓语动词用复数：the Philippines, the Humalayas 4）单复同形5）含有修饰语的名词作主语①量词修饰的：看量词e.g. This pair of glasses is very expensive. Those packets of sweetsbelong to him.②a group of和a couple of修饰的，谓语动词用复数e.g. A group of students are going to take the bus to school. ③quantity修饰的可数和不可数名词a quantity of 单数 A large quantity of story books has been bought forthe children. quantities of 复数 Quantities of money are needed to equip theschool. ④more(…) than oneMore than one+可数名词单数尽管意义上是复数，但因其中心词是单数，所以谓语动词用单数e.g. More than one person has made the suggestion. More+可数名词复数+than one 谓语动词用复数 e.g. More students than one are against the proposal.⑤many a修饰：形单意复Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS vaccine.⑥one(…) or twoone or two 后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数 e.g. One or two hours are enough for this work.a\\an +可数名词单数+or two，谓语动词用单数 e.g. One tear or two rollsdown her face.⑦百分数：看被修饰的词 6）the+形容词作主语表一类人，用复数 The injured have been sent to the hospital.表个别或抽象概念，用单数 The new is sure to take the place of the old. 7）非谓语动词形式、从句作主语①非谓语动词形式作主语A.单独的不定式、动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数To prevent the air from being polluted is what we are now researching.B.多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数；表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。
名词和主谓一致考点归纳一、三个一致：1. 语法一致：主语单则谓语单，主语复则谓语复。
2. 意义一致A）people，police，cattle，谓语用复数；B）family, group,team, class,govern m ent,audien ce, crowd，popula tion等，表整体用单数，强调个体用复数。
3. 就近一致：由or, either...or... ; neithe r...nor...; not only...but also...;not...but...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与最近的主语一致。
特别要注意疑问句中谓语动词的形式。
如:Either you or he is to go there.Either he or I am to go there.－Are either you or he to go there? －Neither is.二、动词不定式短语、-ing形式短语或名词性从句做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如：Learni ng new wordsand useful expres sions is very import ant for me.但what引导从句做主语时,在下列情况下,主句谓语动词多用复数形式:①表语为复数名词时;②what引导的从句是一个具有复数意义的并列结构时。
如:Whathe’dlikeisadigita l watch.What we need are refere nce books.What I say and thinkis no busine ss of yours.What he said and what he did were quitediffer ent.三、“分数/小数/ 百分数/ the rest / half + of + 名词”做主语时,谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词保持一致。
解析初中语法中的名词性从句与主谓一致总结初中语法中的名词性从句与主谓一致总结名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词的从句，常见的名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
与之相对应的，主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称、数和时态上保持一致。
在初中语法学习中，理解名词性从句的特点和主谓一致的规则是非常重要的。
本文将对初中语法中的名词性从句与主谓一致进行解析和总结。
一、名词性从句的基本概念和分类名词性从句是指在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语的从句，它由引导词引导，整个从句在句子中充当名词的成分。
名词性从句根据引导词的不同，可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句作为句子的主语，通常由连词“that”引导，也可由疑问词“what”、“who”、“which”引导。
例如：That he is coming is good news.（他来是一个好消息。
）What she said is true.（她说的是真的。
）2. 宾语从句宾语从句作为句子的宾语，通常由连词“that”引导，也可由疑问词“what”、“whether”、“if”引导。
例如：I know that she is happy.（我知道她很快乐。
）He asked me if I could help him.（他问我是否可以帮助他。
）3. 表语从句表语从句作为句子的表语，通常由连词“that”引导，也可由疑问词“what”、“who”、“which”引导。
例如：The fact is that she succeeded.（事实是她成功了。
）What matters is whether you are happy or not.（重要的是你是否快乐。
）4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来解释说明前面的名词或代词的内容，通常由连词“that”引导。
例如：The news that he won the award made us happy.（他获奖的消息让我们开心。
英语的名词主谓一致性名词的主谓一致性是什么样子的呢?大家知道吗?接下来，小编给大家准备了英语的名词主谓一致性,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语的名词主谓一致性1. 并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系a) 由and连接两个名词或者代词作主语时A and B分为以下四种情况：i. A、B表示不同的人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用复数形式Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Both the parents and the children are here.ii. A、B表示同一个人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat.The turner and fitter is under twenty-five.iii. And连接几个单数主语，主语由each、 every、 no、 many a等词修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数Each boy and each girl is invited.Every boy and girl is invited.No boy and no girl is there now.iv. A、B为两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn1 up.Bread and butter is nutritious2.b) 由or, not only… but also …, either… or …, neither… nor …连接主语时，谓语的人称和数与靠近的主语一致(注意，叙述句和疑问句随语序不同而不同)Either you or I am mad.Neither you nor he is naughty.Not only the farmer but also his family were friendly to me.c) 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等词的时候，谓语动词不受词组的影响，仅和主语保持一致All but one were here just now.A library with five thousand books is offered to nation as a gift.2. 单一主语的情况a) 以复数形式结尾的统称名词作主语时，例如physics, maths, economics3, news, means4, works5, 等一般在谓语动词中用单数形式, 当然，若表示复数的意思则另当别论Physics is very important.Every means has been tried.b) 当由至少两个部分组成的工具的名称，或者衣服的名称等作主语时，例如trousers/pants, shoes, glasses, scissors6, goods, clothers等，谓语用复数形式;如果这些词由Pair(suit, piece, series,kind)+ of修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数My trousers are white and his clothes are black.A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.但是在these/those pairs (…) of + 复数名词之后，谓语动词则用复数形式These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.3. 动名词，不定式，从句作主语的时候，谓语动词一般要用单数To see is to believe.Swimming is a good way to keep health.Who is her father is not known1.4. 集体名词作主语时a) mankind/humanity/man(人类)作主语的时候，谓语动词一般用单数形式Only man knows how to cook.b) 由people, police, cattle2, youth等集体名词作主语的时候，谓语动词用复数形式The cattle are grazing3 in the field.c) Family, croud, class, public, enemy等集体名词作主语的时候i. 若当整体看，则谓语动词用单数形式Our class is very diligent4.ii. 若他们表示的人或者事物当作若干个个体来看，谓语动词则用复数形式When I came into the room, his family were watching TV.iii. A family/group/class作主语时，谓语动词用单数families/groups/classes作主语时，谓语动词用复数A group is coming to the zoo.5. 其他情况a) 主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等复数名词的时候，谓语动词用单数形式3 kilometers is not very far.Three times three makes nine.b) one, every/each one, each, anyone, either, neither + of + 复数名词谓语动词一般用单数形式，因为of之后的复数名词不是主语而是介词of的宾语，of前面的one, every one … 才是主语Neither of them is right.Each of them has a slide.c) none of + 不可数名词——谓语动词用单数形式none of + 可数名词——谓语动词单复均可None of that money in the desk is his.None of his classmates knows the truth.d) 分数或百分数 + of + 词组分数或百分数+ of +词组作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后的名词或者代词的数;若名词或代词是复数，谓语动词用复数，若名词或代词是单数，则谓语动词用单数Three-thirds of the surface of the earth is sea.Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day.e) more than one +(单数名词)+单数动词more than two +(复数名词)+复数动词More than one white rose has bloomed.More than two white roses have bloomed.f) a (great) number of + 复数名词——用复数动词the number of + 任何名词——用单数动词A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.g) the + 形容词，表示一类人——谓语动词用复数the + 形容词，表示一类物——谓语动词用单数The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The beauty is here.h) every, any, some, no 构成的复合词someone, somebody, something ，no one, nobody, nothing everyone, everybody, everything anyone, anybody, anything这些复合词作主语的时候，谓语动词用单数形式Everyone in the class was surprised at the news.Listen, someone is knocking at the door.。
高中英语教师辅导教案一、名词【知识主干】知识主干一、名词的分类二、名词的数可数名词的数1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police，cattle5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team,public, partyThe crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。
The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。
6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)，woods（树林）；works（工厂、作品）forces（军队），damages(损害赔偿）、pains(辛劳）7表示某国人加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men doctors不可数名词的数1、常见的不可数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。
第一讲主谓一致“一致”（Concord 或Agreement）是指句子成分之间词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主要有主语与动词的一致，主语与补语的一致，限定词与名词中心词的一致，人称代词与并列和非并列先行词的一致，名词与名词或代词的一致。
“主谓一致”是指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系，这又叫做“主——动一致”（Subject ——verb Concord）。
1. 主谓一致三原则主语和随后的动词(词组)，即谓语动词之间的一致关系常为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则(Grammar Concord)，意义一致原则(Notional Concord)和就近原则(Principle of Proximity)。
1.1 语法一致指作主语的名词中心词是复数，动词就用复数形式；如果名词中心词是单数名词或不可数名词，动词就用单数形式。
例如：Both boys have their own merits.In my heart are peace and goodwill.The elevator works very well.Much effort is wasted.1.2 意义∕概念一直指主语和动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。
有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词就用复数；主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词用单数。
例如：The jury has asked more time.The jury are unable to agree.Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test.“ Senior citizens” means people over sixty.1.3 就近原则指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单、复数形式，而不是与充当主语的名词短语中心词相一致。
专题七名词与主谓一致一、考情分析近年来对名词的考查主要集中在名词词义辨析及并列主语的主谓一致上;其次是名词所有格、抽象名词和物质名词的具体化以及不定数量的词或词组与名词的搭配关系上..考查考生在理解题干内容的基础上对词汇或语法知识的掌握情况;加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查..二、名词的数英语中大多数可数名词都可以通过加-s或–es的方法变为复数名词..不可数名词抽象或物质没有复数形式;专有名词一般只有单数形式;只有少数专有名词才有复数形式..一规则变化二一些特殊情况1. 合成名词变为复数时;通常把主体名词变为复数;如果没有主体名词;将最后一部分变为复数..如：Sons-in-law; passers-by; story-tellers;housewives等2. family; team; class; group; government; crowd; audience等作主语时;如果作为整体看待;谓语动词用单数;如果看成成员;谓语动词用复数..某些集体名词;如people; polic; youth; cattle等及clothes; trousers; shoes; glasses 作主语时;谓语用复数..若这类名词与a pair of 等词连用时;谓语动词往往用单数..3. 单、复数同形的名词如means方法作主语时;应根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数..4. 有些名词呈现了复数形式;如news;manners; politics; physics 等但并不表示复数概念..5. 有些名词总是在使用时用其复数形式;如thanks; regards; congratulations; goods; works; tears; instructions; directions; respects 等..6. 有些短语要求用名词复数形式. 如make friends withshake hands withtake pains to do sth.make both ends meet …三名词与表示数量的词或短语的搭配注意：“many aan+名词单数”表示复数意思;作主语时;谓语动词用单数..三、名词的所有格一’s所有格主要用于有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的某些空间或时间名词的所有格;如the world’s ; the sun’s; the earth’s; today’s; yesteday’s 等..的东西;通常用of所有格..表示无生命注意：1. 如果两个名词并列;且分别有“’s”;表示分别有；只有一个“’s”;则表示共有..2. 名词所有格中的名词省略1名词所有格所修饰的词;前面已经提到..This notebook is not mine; nor John’s; nor Peter’s.2名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时..the doctor’s office ; my uncle’s house3起修饰作用的名词;如不表示所有关系;通常不用’sroom number; tooth brush二双重所有格四、主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语与谓语在数上保持一致;应遵循以下三个原则：1语法一致：主语为单数;谓语用单数；主语为复数;谓语用复数..2意义一致：主语形式为单数;意义是复数;谓语用复数；主语形式为复数;意义为单数;谓语用单数..3就近一致：谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语..一并列主语的主谓一致1. and 和 both…and 连接的两个名词作主语;表示不同的人或事物;其概念是复数;谓语用复数..2. and 连接的两个名词作主语;指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时;句子的谓语动词用单数；此时;后一个名词前不用冠词..The poet and writer produce many works.3. and 连接的并列主语是单数概念;前面有every;each等修饰词时;谓语动词用单数..但当each放在由and连接的并列单数主语后面;修饰复数概念的主语时;谓语动词用复数..① Each boy and each girl invite to the tea-party.② The boy and the girl each have their own toys.4. and连接两个what从句作主语时;谓语动词的单复数应根据意义一致的原则来确定①What he says and does do not agree.②What he says and does does not concern me.5. or;nor;either…or;neither…nor;not only…but also等连接的名词代词作主语时;谓语动词的单复数应依据就近一致的原则;与最邻近的主语一致..Either you or he be to go.6. 当主语后面跟有as well as;as much as;no less than;along with;with;like;rather than;together with;but;except;besides; including; in addition to 等连接的名词时;谓语动词的单复数与这类短语前的主语一致..① The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.② A woman with two children has come.二某些名词作主语的主谓一致1. 某些集体名词;如family;public;audience;crew;crowd;class;company;committee等作主语时;谓语的数要依据主语所表示的意义来决定..如果该名词表达的意义是一个整体时;谓语动词用单数；如表达的是集体中的个体成员时;谓语用复数..① Our family be a happy one.② The family be early risers.2. 通常表示复数意义的集体名词;如people; police; cattle牛;folk;youth; militia民兵等作主语时;谓语动词通常用复数；通常用作不可数名词的集体名词;如equipment;furniture 作主语;谓语动词用单数..3. 单复数同形的名词;如means; works; species; Chinese; Japanese 等作主语;根据意义一致的原则..① Every possible means already try ; but in vain.② All possible means already try ; but in vain.三表示数量的名词作主语的主谓一致1. 当名词词组的中心词为表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词时;可根据意义一致的原则;将这些复数名词看作一个整体;谓语动词用单数..Five minutes be enough to do this exercise.2. few/a few; several; many; a good/great many; a number of 可数 little/ a little; a great deal of不可数 a lot/lots of; enough; plenty of ; messes of; some/any可数或不可数等;谓语动词与后面的名词的数保持一致..3. a large amount of /large amounts of不可数名词;a quantity/quantities of可数或不可数名词;这四个短语作主语时;谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity/ amount的单复数..Large amouts of water already pollute.4. 分数/百分数+of+名词作主语时;谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致..5. kind作主语时的单复数1当kind放在of前面时;谓语动词的数要与kind保持一致..① This kind of books be worth reading.② All kinds of fruits be good for our health.2当kind放在of后面口语中;谓语动词的数要与of前面的名词保持一致..Men of this kind be dangerous.6. many a/ more than one +单数名词;尽管意义是复数;但谓语动词用单数..“more than +基数词+复数名词”或“more+复数名词+than one”作主语时;谓语用复数..① More than one student already see the film.② More persons than one vote against him.五、名词的其他用法一转义名词转义名词有两类：一是把抽象意义转化为具体意义;从而赋予其可数功能；二是把具体意义的名词抽象化;从而赋予其不可数性..1.表示特征、状态、特点、情感、情绪等的抽象名词;如果仅仅表示“概念”;是不可数名词；但如果表示具体的人或事物;特别是前面出现形容词进行修饰时;就变成了可数名词;前面需加不定冠词a或 an..如：surprise;cold; pleasure; pity; failure; success; worry; honour; experience; difficulty; youth; beauty; wonde; danger; interest; knowledge;help; joy ;fun等..2. rain; snow; fog; wind; gas; fire; crop; cofee; tea; food;drink;ice; chalk; sugar等物质名词用复数形式表示类别、数量场数、次数、堆数、范围或程度..3. shool; college; hospital; court; prison; bed; table; church等是可数名词;有具体的意义;但当突出与之有关的活动时;便失去了具体意义..go to school; at table; in prison; go to church; in hospital二名词作定语1. 名词作定语的意义和功能名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容类别、材料、时间或职能功能、用途；同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性..gold watch golden watch silver coins silvery hair stone bridge stony heart heart trouble a hearty welcome peace talk peaceful construction2. 名词作定语时的数名词作定语时通常要用单数形式..但是当man 或woman作定语时;man或woman的单复数与后面名词保持一致..有些名词作定语时;必须用其复数形式..goods trains customs officer sports meeting三名词的特殊结构in/by/with/on + great/much +抽象名词 = very 副词① He told me in private that he wouldn’t agree.② He treated me with kindness.六、易混名词的辨析1. scene; scenery; view 与sight2. some time ; sometime; sometimes 与 some times3. accident; incident; event4. chance; opportunity5. reputation; fame6. number; amount7. price; cost; charge; expense8. per cent; percent; percentage9. habit; custom10. aim; goal; purpose; object。
第1讲名词与主谓一致（要点透析）名词一、名词的数在熟悉名词单数变复数规则的基础上，突出以下几点：1. 注意以下名词数的概念①以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词), 如：physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news, the United States②总称名词：表示一类事物的总称，不能加s，如：machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence③单数和复数形式表达不同的意思，如：fish 鱼肉—fishes 各种鱼paper 纸—papers 试卷water 水—waters 水域room 空间—rooms 房间time 时间—times 时代arm 手臂—arms 武器④形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义，如：people, police, cattle, staff, public, the ＋adj., the ＋分词2. 集体名词的数family，team，audience，class，club，committee，crowd, group, enemy, cattle, government, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff等集体名词注意其主谓一致，一般来说，视为整体时作单数看待，侧重其成员时则作复数看待。
The enemy has suffered heavy losses.The enemy are in flight.3. 单复数同形的名词a．某些动物名称fish, deer, sheepb．某国人的名词Chinese, Japanese, Swissc．其他means, species, works, offspring4. 由连字符构成的复合名词的“数”：①合成名词的复数形式通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数：lookers－on 参观者sons－in－law 女婿editors－in－chief 主编shoe－makers 鞋匠firemen 消防员chairwomen 女主席②如果没有主体名词，在最后一个词的词尾加s:go－betweens 中间人grown－ups 成人follow－ups 续集good－for－nothings 饭桶③man, woman作定语时，定语和被修饰词都变成复数：man－servant—men－servants5．不规则名词的“数”：woman — women child — childrenox — oxen tooth — teethgoose — geese foot — feetmouse — mice phenomenon — phenomenaanalysis — analyses6. 专有名词的“数”史密斯一家人the Smiths两个玛丽two Marys【疑难点击】1. 有些物质名词表示不同种类或表示“一种，一杯/罐/瓶”等数量意义时，可用作可数名词。
It was a special tea.She bought us three coffees.2. 抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念，一般不可数，前面一般不加不定冠词，但表示具体或特定时，前面应有不定冠词。
There‘s a beauty in simplicity.After a brief peace, war broke out again.二、名词所有格英语中许多名词可以加's来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，意为“……的”。
如：a teacher's book, a twenty minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth, the moon's rays。
名词所有格的规则如下：①名词词尾加's，如the boy's bag, men's room。
②若名词已有复数词尾－s, 只加'，如：the workers' struggle。
③of 属格：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
【疑难点击】1. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”；只有一个's，则表示“共有”。
John's and Mary's rooms(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)2. 省略格：在表示店铺、教堂、诊所或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。
在诊所at the doctor's在我姐家at my sister's【疑难点击】3. 双重格：of ＋名词's。
I saw a play of Shaw's.注意：当of 之前的名词是picture, portrait等词时含义不同：This is a picture of my friend's.这是我朋友收藏的一幅画。
This is a picture of my friend.这是我朋友的一张照片。
三、名词作定语某些名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词。
①表示类别、处所、材料、时间、功能、用途等名词作定语时通常要用单数形式。
paper flower 纸花cotton goods 棉织品orange juice 橘汁credit card 信用卡②少数名词可以用复数形式作定语。
sports meeting 运动会clothes shop 服装店customs officer 海关人员sales manager 销售经理主谓一致一、意义(语法)一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语用复数。
具体表现如下：1. 不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。
某些以s结尾的单数名词作主语，仍视为单数。
No news is good news.His task was to collect information.How much machinery has been installed?2. 表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
When and where to go for the on－salary holiday has not been decided yet.3. “ one, either, neither, each of ＋复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语用单数。
Either of the stories is very funny.4. something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。
Nothing is impossible.5. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Ten pounds was missing from the box.6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。
This pair of glasses is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered.7. a number of ＋复数名词，“许多……”，复数意义；the number of ＋复数名词，“……的数目”，单数意义。
the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，谓语则用复数。
the average of…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。
The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.The population of China is large and most of the population are farmers.8. 主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。
(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。
)Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.9. “the ＋adj.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。
The disabled are well taken care of in this country.The dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University.The new is certain to replace the old.10. 分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。
The rest of the workers are still very tired.11. 当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
War and peace is a constant theme in history.Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：iron and steel 钢铁law and order 治安bread and butter黄油面包a watch and chain 一块带链的表a knife and fork 一副刀叉a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣aim and end 目的truth and honesty 真诚12. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
