1990年6级词汇题【答案+解释】

1990年6月阅读一：在1913年1月的一天，剑桥大学一个著名的数学家G. H. Hardy收到了一封来自一个名叫Srinivasa Ramanujan的印度人的来信，这个印度人来问G. H. Hardy对于他发现的120个数学定理的见解。

对于Handy而言，这些定理大部分都是没有意义的，其他的则又一个或两个已经是世人皆知的了，Hardy认为Ramanujan一定是某种骗子，并把信放在了一边，但是那一整天那封信都围绕着Hardy，难道在这些定理里边真的有一些什么事情吗？那天晚上Hardy邀请了另外一位剑桥大学杰出的数学家J. E. Littlewood，这两个人开始评估这个印度人的价值，这件事是数学史上的一个转折点。

当时，Ramanujan是马德拉斯港一个不起眼的信托业务员，一年多一点后，他在剑桥大学，并且开始被认为是世界上已知的最令人惊讶的数学家之一。

虽然他在1920年去世，但是他的大部分工作在他所在的时间是那么的提前，直到最近才开始被正确的解释。

确实，他的成果在计算机科学和物理学中帮助解决了很多现在的问题，但是这些问题他当时却没有任何概念。

此外，对于印度人来说，Ramanujan还有特殊的意义，Ramanujan虽然出生在一个100年前的贫困潦倒的会计家庭，但是激发了很多印度人将数学作为一个职业。

Ramanujan大部分工作是数论，数学的一个分支，用于处理管理数字时难以捉摸的规律和关系。

数学家们把他的成果描述为优雅而美丽，但是它们太复杂而不被外行所赞赏。

不过他的一生充满了戏剧和悲伤，这是一个数学界伟大浪漫的故事，一个令人痛心的提醒是天才可以在最差的情况下出现。

阅读二：即使所有的技术和知识产权问题都能够被解决，但是仍有计算机革命所固有的主要社会问题。

最明显的是失业，因为商业计算机化的最基本目标就是让更少的人来完成更多的工作。

一个英国的研究预测“自动化诱导失业”，在未来十年在西欧可能会达到6-16，但是大部分分析比较乐观，照一般规律来看，新的技术最终创造的机会和它破坏的一样多，并且一般会更多。

Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: To call someone bird - brained in English means you think that person is silly or stupid. But will this description soon disappear from use in the light of recent research? It seems the English may have been unfair in association bird's brains with stupidity. In an attempt to find out how different creatures see the world, psychologists at Brown U- niversity in the USA have been comparing the behaviour of birds and humans. One experiment has involved teaching pigeons to recognize letters of the English alphabet. The birds study in "classrooms", which are boxes equipped with a computer. After about four days of studying a particular letter, the pigeon has to pick out that letter from several displayed on the computer screen. Three male pigeons have learnt to distinguish all twenty - six letters of the alphabet in this way. A computer record of the birds's fourmonth study period has shown surprising similarities between the pigeons' and human performance. Pigeons and people find the same letters easy, or hard, to tell apart. For example, 92 per cent of the time the pigeons could tell the letter D from the letter Z. But when faced with U and V(often confused by English children), the pigeons were right only 34 per cent of the time. The results of the experiments so far have led psychologists to conclude that pigeons and humans observe things in similar ways. This suggests that there is something fundamental about the recognition process. If scientists could only discover just what this recognition process is it could be very useful for computer designers. The disadvantage of a presen computer is that it can only do what a human being has programmed it to do and the programmer must give the computer precise, logical instructions. Maybe in the future, though, computers will be able to think like human beings. 36. The writer suggests that the expression "bird - brained" might be out of use soon because it is A) silly B) impolite C) unnecessary D) inappropriate 37. Psychologists have been experimenting with pigeons to find out whether the brids A) are really silly or stupid B) can learn to make ideas known to people C) see the world as human beings do D) learn more quickly than children 38. U and V are confused by A) 92 per cent of pigeons B) many English children C) most people learning English D) 34 per cent of English children 39. There are similarities in observing things by pigeons and humans A) because pigeons are taught by humans B) because pigeons have brains more developed than other birds C) because their basic ways to know the world are the same D) because pigeons and humans have similar brains 40. The research may help A) computer designers B) computer salesmen C) psychologists D) teachers来。

Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing. Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial, vertical, and ideational mobility. A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when individual family members or the family as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions for conventionality and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking with in a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly be- cause of different work schedules. One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarrigae between racial classes. This occurs almost exclusively between classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children. 31. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement: A) social development results in a decline in the impotance of traditional families B) potential disorganization is present in the American family C) family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility D) the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status 32. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family A) are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability B) have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it C) can get more help from their family members if they are in trouble D) will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it. 33. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which A) the husband, wife, and children work too hard B) the husband, wife, and children seldom get together C) both parents have to work full time D) the family members are subject to social pressures 34. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization be- cause A) they enable the children to travel around without their parents' permission B) they allow one to find a good job and improve one's social status C) they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents D) they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinking 35. This passage suggests that a well - organized family is a family whose members A) are not psychologically withdrawn from one another B) never quarrel with each other even when they disagree C) often help each other with true love and affection D) are exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV sets。

Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A ), B ) , C) and D ) . Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 41. Germans used to believe that all other races were inferior _______ them. A) than B) for C) to D) from 42. The main road through Pitsburgh ws blocked for three hours today after an accident _______ two trucks. A) connecting B) combining , C) including D) involving 43. Many parents think that a regular _______ is an excellen way to teach children the value of money. A) allowance B) grant C) aid D) amount 44. The girl is so sensitive that she is_______ to get angry at the slightest offence. A) adaptable B) liable C) fit D) suitable 45. He was at the _______ of his career when he was murdered. A) glory B) power C) pride D) height 46. I have never met the professor though I have been in correspondence him for several years. A) with B) by C) of D) to 47. _______ they must learn in a course is not provided in the classroom. A) Many things B) So much C) Much of what D) All what 48. Of the immigrants who came to America in the first three quarters of the seventeenth century, the _______ majority was English. A) overwhelming B) overflowing C) overtaking D) overloading 49. You can't be _______ careful in making the decision as it is such a critical case. A) quite B) too C) very D) so 50. By the first decade of the 21st century, international commercial air traffic is expected _______ vastly beyond today's levels. A) to have extended B) to be extending C) being extended D) having been extended 51. The doctor warned his patient that _______ should he return to work until he had completely recovered. A) on all accounts B) on no account C) on any account D) on every account 52. We started burning some leaves in our yard, but the fire got _______and we had to call the fire department to put it out: A) out of hand B) out of order C) out of the question D) out of the way 53. If an earthquake occurred, some of the one- storey houses A) might be standing left B) might be left standing C) might leave to be standing D) might be left to stand 54. The professor picked several students _______ from the class and asked them to help him with the experiment. A) at ease B) at all C) at random D) at hand 55. Every year there is some _______ of the laws. A) transformation B) identification C) correction D) alteration 56. Some people believe that proficiency in a foreign language is not achieved through teaching and learning but _______ through actual use. A) received B) accepted C) derived D) aequird 57. It is said that somewhere between the ages of 6 and 9, children begin to think _______ in- stead of concretely. A) logically B) reasonably C) abstractly D) generally 58. Sea food of all kinds is _______ in the states that border the oceans. A) abandoned B) advantageous C) abundant D) accumulated 59. I can't back the car because there is a truck _______ A) in every way B) in a way C) in the way D) in any way : 60. _______as a poor boy in a family of seventeen children. Benjamin Franklin became famous on both sides of the Atlantic as a statesman, scientist, and author. A) Starting B) Started C) Being started D) To have started 61. Though I've never seen you before. I guess you _______ be the new secretary. A) should B) must C) would D) could。

大学英语六级词汇理解专项强化真题试卷11(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Travel websites have been around since the 1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowing travelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click of a mouse. With information no longer 【C1】______by travel agents or hidden in business networks, the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped【C2】______prices. Today, the industry is going through a new revolution—this time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms—【C3】______in hotels, restaurants, apartments, and taxis—allow travelers to exchange reviews and experiences for all to see. Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed, and compared not by industry【C4】______, but by the very people for whom the service is intended—the customer. This has【C5】______a new relationship between buyer and seller. Customers have always voted with their feet: they can now explain their decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more【C6】______, often in very specific ways, which creates powerful【C7】______to improve service. Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly bellboys (行李员) in Berlin or malfunctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston, the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories, but in the websites’【C8】______to aggregate a large volume of ratings.The impact cannot be【C9】______. Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attracted by good reviews and 【C10】______provide yet more positive feedback. So great is the influence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorable online identity.A) accountable I) persistingB) capacity J) pessimisticC) controlled K) professionalsD) entail L) slashE) forged M) specializingF) incentives N) spectatorsG) occasionally O) subsequently H) overstated1．【C1】正确答案：C解析：该空格位于以With引出的独立主格结构中，由hidden一词可以推测所填的词也应是过去分词形式。

Passage Two A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically "proved" by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth Western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence(⽣活维持费) in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist(维持⽣活), in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any "reason". I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let's say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refused any kind of social obligation. This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless, from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it;in the present capitalist system this is not the case. But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in inter~ personal relationships in every sphere of daily life. 26. People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to A) the slow development of the economy B) the poor and jobless people's own faults C) the lack of responsibility on the part of society D) the large number of people who were not well - educated 27. Now it is widely accepted that A) the present system of social insurance should be improved B) everybody should be granted a minimum of subsistence without any "reason" C) everybody has the right to share in the wealth of the country D) people have to change their attitude towards the poor。

大学英语六级词汇理解专项强化真题试卷11(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Travel websites have been around since the 1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowing travelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click of a mouse. With information no longer 【C1】______by travel agents or hidden in business networks, the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped【C2】______prices. Today, the industry is going through a new revolution—this time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms—【C3】______in hotels, restaurants, apartments, and taxis—allow travelers to exchange reviews and experiences for all to see. Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed, and compared not by industry【C4】______, but by the very people for whom the service is intended—the customer. This has【C5】______a new relationship between buyer and seller. Customers have always voted with their feet: they can now explain their decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more【C6】______, often in very specific ways, which creates powerful【C7】______to improve service. Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly bellboys (行李员) in Berlin or malfunctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston, the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories, but in the websites’【C8】______to aggregate a large volume of ratings.The impact cannot be【C9】______. Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attracted by good reviews and 【C10】______provide yet more positive feedback. So great is the influence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorable online identity.A) accountable I) persistingB) capacity J) pessimisticC) controlled K) professionalsD) entail L) slashE) forged M) specializingF) incentives N) spectatorsG) occasionally O) subsequently H) overstated1．【C1】正确答案：C解析：该空格位于以With引出的独立主格结构中，由hidden一词可以推测所填的词也应是过去分词形式。

1990年1月全国大学生英语六级真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A（听力原文见最后）1. A) Read four chapters.B) Write an article.C) Speak before the class.D) Preview two chapters.2. A) The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.B) The woman is asking for a promotion.C) The woman is applying for a job.D) The woman is being given an examination.3. A) His car was hit by another car.B) He was hurt while playing volleyball.C) He fell down the stairs.D) While crossing the street, he was hit by a car.4. A) Took a photo of him.B) Bought him a picture.C) Held a birthday party.D) Bought him a frame for his picture.5. A) No medicine could solve the woman’s problem.B) The woman should eat less to lose some weight.C) Nothing could help the woman if she ate too little.D) The woman should choose the right foods.6. A) He meant she should make a phone call if anything went wrong.B) He meant for her just to wait till help came.C) He was afraid something would go wrong with her car.D) He promised to give her himself.7. A) No, he missed it.B) No, he didn’t.C) Yes, he did.D) Yes, he probably did.8. A) He has edited three books.B) He has bought the wrong book.C) He has lost half of his money.D) He has found the book that will be used.9. A) At 7:30B) At 8:30C) At 9:00D) At 9:3010. A) Six.B) Seven.C) Eight.D) Nine.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) They often take place in her major industries.B) British trade unions are more powerful.C) There are more trade union members in Britain.D) Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.12. A) Such strikes are against the British law.B) Such strikes are unpredictable.C) Such strikes involve workers from different trades.D) Such strikes occur frequently these days.13. A) Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.B) Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.C) Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.D) Employer-worker relations in Britain have become tenser.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) The victory over one’s fellow runners.B) The victory over former winners.C) The victory of will-power over fatigue.D) The victory of one’s physical strength.15. A) The runner who runs to keep fit.B) The runner who breaks the record.C) The runner who does not break the rules.D) The runner who covers the whole distance.16. A) He won the first prize.B) He fell behind the other runners.C) He died because of fatigue.D) He gave up because he was tired.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) 17,000.B) 1,700.C) 24.D) 9,000.18. A) It’s located in a co llege town.B) It’s composed of a group of old buildings.C) Its classrooms are beautifully designed.D) Its library is often crowed with students.19. A) Teachers are well paid at Deep Springs.B) Students are mainly from New York State.C) The length of schooling is two years.D) Teachers needn’t pay for their rent and meals.20. A) Take a walk in the desert.B) Go to a cinema.C) Watch TV programmes.D) Attend a party.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 21 to 24 are based on the following passage.Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.Labour’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignment. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the id ea of the “improvement factor”, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working time.21. Though labour worries about the effect of automation, it does not doubt that________.A) automation will eventually prevent unemploymentB) automation will help workers acquire new skillsC) automation will eventually benefit the workers no less that the employersD) automation is a trend which cannot be stopped22. The idea of the “improvement factor” (Line 6, Para. 3) probably implies that________.A) wages should be paid on the basis of length of serviceB) the benefit of increased production and lower costs should be shared by workersC) supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promotedD) the transition to automation should be brought about with the minimum ofinconvenience and distress to workers23. In order to get the full benefits of automation, labour will depend mostly on________.A) additional payment to the permanently dismissed workersB) the increase of wages in proportion to the increase in productivityC) shorter working hours and more leisure timeD) a strong drive for planning new installations24. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?A) Advantages and disadvantages of automation.B) Labour and the effects of automation.C) Unemployment benefit plans and automation.D) Social benefits of automation.Questions 25 to 30 are based on the following passage.The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more respo nsible citizens than those who don’t go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high scho ol graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault! Is with the young people themselves-they are spoiled and th ey are expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We’ve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have beensuccessful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.25. According to the passage, the author believes that ________.A) people used to question the value of college educationB) people used to have full confidence in higher educationC) all high school graduates went to collegeD) very few high school graduates chose to go to college26. In the 2nd paragraph, “those who don’t fit the pattern” refers to ________.A) high school graduates who aren’t suitable for college educationB) college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxisC) college students who aren’t any better for their higher educationD) high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college27. The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because ________.A) young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB) many young people are required to join the armyC) young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher educationD) young people don’t like the intense competition for admission to graduate school28. According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from thefact that ________.A) society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB) high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC) too many students have to earn their own livingD) college administrators encourage students to drop out29. In this passage the author argues that ________.A) more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing forhigh school graduatesB) college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC) college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learningpeopleD) intelligent people may learn quicker if they don’t go to college30. The “surveys and statistics” mentioned in the last paragraph might have shown that________.A) college-educated people are more successful than non-college-educated peopleB) college education was not the first choice of intelligent peopleC) the less schooling a person has the better it is for himD) most people have sweet memories of college lifeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant workin g as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the me chanist’s trade or bookkeeping (簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.31. It is implied that fifty years ago ________.A) eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factoriesB) twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employeesC) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as thatof industrial workersD) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that ofindustrial workers32. According to the passage, with the development of modern industry, ________.A) factory labourers will overtake intellectual employees in numberB) there are as many middle-class employees as factory labourersC) employers have attached great importance to factory labourersD) the proportion of factory labourers in the total employee population hasdecreased33. The word “dubious” (L. 2, Para. 2) most probably means ________.A) valuableB) usefulC) doubtfulD) helpful34. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is ________.A) less importance than awareness of being a good employeeB) as important as the ability to deal with public relationsC) more important than employer-employee relationsD) more important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization35. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one ________.A) to be more successful in his careerB) to be more specialized in his fieldC) to solve technical problemsD) to develop his professional skillQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence (发生率) of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.36. Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not amere academic question?A) Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B) Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C) Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D) Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.37. The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in ________.A) the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction ofautomationB) the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts toofrequentlyC) the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD) the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers38. The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be________.A) to change shifts at longer intervalsB) to have longer shiftsC) to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD) to create better living conditions for night workers39. It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine bymeasuring his body temperature because ________.A) body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternatesB) body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC) the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD) people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently40. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker’s perf ormance.B) The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be thebest solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.C) Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to thechanges of routine.D) Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or dayshifts.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. You should have put the milk in the ice box; I expect it ________ undrinkable bynow.A) becameB) had becomeC) has becomeD) becomes42. Codes are a way of writing something in secret; ________, anyone who doesn’tknow the code will not be able to read it.A) that isB) worse stillC) in shortD) on the other hand43. His long service with the company was ________ with a present.A) admittedB) acknowledgedC) attributedD) accepted44. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soils and the water ofits lakes, rivers and oceans.A) areB) isC) doD) has45. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ________.A) in betweenB) among themC) far apartD) from each other46. The dro wning child was saved by Dick’s ________ action.A) acuteB) alertC) profoundD) prompt47. Children and old people do not like having their daily ________ upset.A) habitB) practiceC) routineD) custom48. The criminal always paid ________ cash so the police could not track him down.A) onB) byC) forD) in49. ________ when she started complaining.A) Not until he arrivedB) Hardly had he arrivedC) No sooner had he arrivedD) Scarcely did he arrive50. By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.A) thatB) itC) oneD) what51. Professor smith and Professor Brown will ________ in giving the class lectures.A) alterC) alternateD) differ52. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containingas many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A) oneB) the oneC) thatD) such53. The manager promised to have my complaint ________.A) looked throughB) looked intoC) looked overD) looked after54. You can’t be ________ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.A) veryB) quiteC) tooD) so55. Children are ________ to have some accidents as they grow up.A) obviousB) indispensableC) boundD) doubtless56. We have done things we ought not to have done and ________ undone things weought to have done.A) leavingB) will leaveC) leftD) leave57. The ratio of the work done by the machine ________ the work done on it is calledthe efficiency of the machine.A) againstC) toD) for58. ________ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A) In case ofB) In spite ofC) Because ofD) But for59. In your first days at the school you’ll be given a test to help the teachers to________ you to a class at your level.A) locateB) assignC) deliverD) place60. The story that follows ________ two famous characters of the rocky Mountain goldrush days.A) concernsB) statesC) proclaimsD) relates61. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ________before the West was settled.A) couldB) wasC) wouldD) did62. People who refuse to ________ with the law will be punished.A) obeyB) consentC) concealD) comply63. I ________ to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.A) ought to have writtenB) must have writtenC) couldn’t have writtenD) needn’t have written64. These excursions will give you an even deeper ________ into our language andculture.A) inquiryB) investigationC) inputD) insight65. There is no electricity again. Has the ________ blown then?A) fuseB) wireC) plugD) circuit66. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country;________ is this more true than in Europe.A) hardlyB) littleC) seldomD) nowhere67. The mother didn’t know who ________ for the broken glass.A) will blameB) to blameC) blamedD) blames68. Every society has its own peculiar customs and ________ of acting.A) waysB) attitudesC) behaviorD) means69. If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something inthe way of ________.A) assuranceB) persuasionC) encouragementD) confirmation70. China started its nuclear power industry only in recent years, and should ________no time in catching up.A) delayB) loseC) lagD) lessenPart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word,add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the correctionsin the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write thecorrect word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put aninsertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in theblank. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank. Example:╱. 1. time/times/period Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______ Many of the arguments havinga school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. ______the______Changes in the way people live bring about changes in the jobs that they do. More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farms (71) and in villages. Cities and states have to provide services city people want, such like more police protection, more hospitals, and more (72) schools. This means that more policemen, more nurses and technicians, and more teachers must be hired. Advances in technology has also (73) changed people’s lives. Dishwashers and washing machines do jobs that were once done by the hand. The widespread use of such electrical appliances (74) means that there is a need for servicemen to keep it running properly (75)People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads changes in (76) the way of life. As income goes down, people may not want more food to (77) eat or more clothes to wear. But they may want more and better care from doctors, dentists and hospitals. They are likely to travel more and to want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available in (78) these services.The government also affects the kind of works people do. The governments (79) of most countries spend huge sums of money for international (80) defense. They hire thousands of engineers, scientists, clerks, typists and secretaries to work on the many different aspects of defence.Part V Writing (30 minutes)OUTLINE:问题：城市交通拥挤解决方案：(solution):1. 建造(lay down)更多道路优点：(1) 降低街道拥挤程度(2) 加速车流(flow of traffic)缺点：占地过多2. 开辟(open up)更多公共汽车线路优点：减少自行车与小汽车缺点：对部分人可能造成不方便结论：两者结合How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic1990年1月六级参考答案Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IV71. (instead) →(instead) of72. like →as to73. has →have74. the (hand) →/(hand)75. it →them76. (leads) →(leads) to 或leads →causes77. down →up78. Nevertheless →Therefore/So79. works →work/job/jobs80. international →national1990年1月六级听力原文1. W: What is the home assignment from Professor Smith? I missed the class this morning.M: Finish reading Chapter 5 and 6, and write an essa y based on chapter 3 and 4. Remember, it’s your turn to give presentation next Monday.Q: What will the woman do in addition to the home assignment for the whole class?2. M: Now, I’m going to start off by asking you a difficult question. Why would you lik e to get thispost?W: Well, first of all I know that your firm has a very good reputation. Then I’ve heard you offer go od opportunities for promotion for the right person.Q: What do we know from this conversation?3. W: Did you hear Mike is in hospital with head injures and a broken arm?M: Yes, apparently he was struck by another vehicle and turned completely over.Q: What happened to Mike?4. M: Could you help me to decide what I should buy for my brother’s birthday?W: Remember, you took a picture of him at his last birthday party? Why not buy him a frame so that he can fix the picture in it.Q: What did the man do last year for his brother’s birthday?5. M: What did your doctor describe for you?W: Well, he said there is no need for me to take any medicine if I eat well-balanced meals.Q: What did the man do last year for his brother’s birthday?6. W: Could you tell me what I should do if my car breaks down?M: Well, I’m sure you won’t have any trouble, Mrs. Smith, but if something should happen, just c all this number.They’ll see that you get help.Q: What does the man really mean?7. W: Did you watch the game last night?M: I wouldn’t have missed it for anything!Q: Did the man watch the game last night?8. M: Hey, Louise, I’ve got a used copy of our c hemistry textbook for half price.W: I’m afraid you wasted your money, yours is the first edition, but we’re supposed to be using the third edition.Q: What has the man done?。