高考英语完形填空的答题技巧总结
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1 高考英语完形填空的答题技巧总结
一、跳读首尾句进行预测
首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。
一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。
e.g. Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview,
she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite
of her disability.
本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息可推知，Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难；而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn
Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。
二、利用语法分析解题
完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词（词组）的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。
e.g. _______ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.
A. Because B. While C. If D. Since
根据空后的“I had been born in the 16th century”以及“I would have had no job”可知，这只是个假设，空处为虚拟语气的条件句。故要用if引导。
三、利用固定搭配解题
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应多积累一些常见的习惯用法。
e.g. They couldn’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never _______ 2 baths.
A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered
根据固定搭配take a bath“洗澡”可知，本题选took。
四、利用复现信息解题
语篇中常常存在词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，考生可以利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。
e.g. During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education
department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.
...
I managed to get an A in that _______ and learned life lessons that have served
me well beyond the classroom.
A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
根据上文中“the education department was offering a ‘free’ course”可知，此处选course。
五、利用跳读法解题
一般而言，完形填空要填的所有空中总有一些空是相对简单的。对于这类空，考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。
e.g. “Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He 1 up and looked
around. A short distance away, a group of 2 stood quietly watching us.
One of them 3 walking toward us. We both jumped to our 4 not
knowing what to expect.
1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put
2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants
3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired
4. A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet
在通读全文的第一遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这里是固定搭配jump to one’s feet（跳起来）；由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有人开始向“我 3 们”走了过来，所以“我们”才跳了起来；再根据第一空前面的“wide-awake”可知，此处指的应该是“Josh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以第一空的答案为A；最后，根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B。
六、利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
e.g. Getting a little closer, I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in trouble.
“Something’s not right!” I took off my Tshirt and 1 into the water. I saw
there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was
shaking violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped 2 the
young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face,
something occurred to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar. “What’s his
name?” I asked the instructor. “Ben,” he replied, and immediately I knew. That
stranger was my son!
1. A. stared B. sank C. dived D. fell
2. A. lead B. persuade C. carry D. keep
根据生活常识可知，第一题，当我注意到一个皮划艇出了意外情况时，我自然是脱掉T恤衫，“跳进”水里救人，故选C；第二题，两个人一起应该是将这个不省人事的年轻人“抬”出了水面，故选C。
七、巧用排除法解题
在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。
e.g. The woman looked carefully at me _______ through her glasses, and then
questioned me in a low voice.
A. as usual B. for a while C. in a minute D. once again
这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully，既然是“认真地看”，就不会是in a minute（立刻、马上）；既然互 4 不相识，作者也未曾去找过工作，不会是as usual（像往常一样）；前面没说已经打量过作者一次了，所以用once again（再一次）是不合理的。综上，利用排除法可确定答案为B。
八、利用对比结构解题
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设置题目。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的对比结构来选择正确的答案。
e.g. A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and _______ room is in a much
better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with
the television on.
A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
根据“in a quite and ... a small, noisy room with the television on”可知，设空部分与下文存在对比关系，故选C。
九、利用暗示和对应解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。
e.g. Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website
accompanied by the touching words: “What a blessing this young man was to our
family! He was so _______ and kind to do this.”
A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair
根据“and”这一并列连词可知，空处所填形容词与“kind”对应，表示“他做这件事真是太温柔和善良了”，故选C。
十、根据文章的感情色彩解题
做完形填空，考生一定要在快速阅读文章过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
