管接头及夹具设计 毕业论文
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1 管接头及夹具设计
前言
在机械制造业中，数控加工技术已经越来越受到重视。随着计算机技术为主流的现代科技技术发展和市场产品竞争的加剧，传统的机械制造技术很难满足现代产品多样化的发展和日新月异的换代速度。面对多品种小批量生产比重的加大，产品交货质量和成本要求的提高，要求现代的制造技术具有很高的柔性。如何能增强机械制造业对外界因素的适应能力以及产品适应市场的变化能力，就需要我们能利用现代数控技术的灵活性，最大限度的应用于机械制造行业。将机械设备的功能、效率、可靠性和产品质量提高到一个新的水平，从而满足现代市场的竞争需求。
本次毕业设计课题来源于生产。管接头加工及保证相应的位置精度。在加工设计过程中，为了降低零件的制造成本，应尽可能减少装夹次数，使用专用夹具以缩短加工时间。
在对零件加工之前，需对被加工零件孔的分布情况及所要达到的要求进行分析，如零件各部位尺寸、材料、形状、硬度及加工精度和表面粗糙度等内容。接下来是总体方案的设计，总体方案设计的具体工作是编制“三图一卡”，即绘制被加工零件工序图，加工示意图，机床尺寸联系图，编制生产率计算卡。最后，就是技术设计和工作设计。技术设计就是根据总体设计已经确定的“三图一卡”，设计夹具等部件正式总图；工作设计即绘制各个专用部件的施工图样，编制各零部件明细表。
夹具设计是数控机床设计中的重要部分，夹具设计的合理与否，直接影响到被加工零件的加工精度等参数。首先确定工件的定位方式，然后进行误差分析，确定夹紧方式，夹紧力的计算，对夹具的主要零件进行结构设计。在夹具设计中，设计的主要思路是采用“一面两销”的定位方法，和液压夹紧机构，这样设计主要是为了钻、镗孔时的准确定位和高效率的生产要求。液压夹紧方式解决了手动夹紧时夹紧力不一致、误差大、精度低、工人劳动强度大等缺点。
在老师的指导下，不断地对设计中的错误进行纠正，确定最好的定位夹紧方案；同时与同组同学进行探讨计算出准确的数据选择合理的通用部件。在不断的探讨修改中历经3个月终于完成了这一课题的设计。
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目 录
前 言 ·········································································································· 1
目 录 ·········································································································· 1
摘 要 ·········································································································· I
一 零件加工 ··································································································· 2
（一） 零件加工工艺说明书[2] ............................................................................................ .2
（二）定位基准的选择..............................................2
（三）毛胚的确定.....................................................................................................................2
（四）零件工艺卡和工艺简图.................................................................................................2
（五）零件图..............................................................................................................................2
（六）零件图工艺分析..............................................................................................................2
（七）零件结构工艺性的分析..................................................................................................2
（八）切削加工顺序的安排原则...............................................................................................2
（九）确定零件的加工顺序及进给路线..................................................................................2
（十）加工刀具的选择..............................................................................................................2
（十一）切削用量的选择及计算..............................................................................................2
二 夹具设计特点 ····························································································· 4
（一） 确定夹具的类型[1] ..................................................................................................... 4
（二） 钻模的主要类型 ........................................................................................................ 4
（三） 夹具特点[2] ................................................................................................................. 5
（四）夹具图............................................................................................................................5
三 工件的夹紧计算及其选择 ··············································································· 7
（一）工件的夹紧 .................................................................................................................. 7
3.1.1 夹紧基本原理理论[1] ····································································· 7
3.1.2 夹紧座[2] [4] [6] ·············································································· 8
3.1.3 夹紧压板 ···················································································· 8
3.1.4 夹紧螺钉[1] [4] ·············································································· 9
（二 ）夹紧力的选择 ............................................................................................................ 9
3.2.1 夹紧力方向 ··············································································· 10
3.2.2 夹紧力的作用点 ·········································································· 10
3.2.3 夹紧力的计算 ············································································ 10
3.2.4 夹具精度计算与分析[3] ································································ 11
四 夹具结构分析与设计 ·················································································· 13
（一） 夹具的夹紧装置和定位装置[1] [2] ........................................................................... 13
（二） 夹具的导向[1] ........................................................................................................... 14
