2007年-2011年考研英语阅读理解答案及解析汇总

2007年考研英语阅读理解解析Text 121：The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to “原文提到足球运动员的生日现象的目的是什么？”[A]错在“professional training”，原文对应是第一段，其中根本就没有涉及到“professional training”这个概念。

虽然在末句有这么一个词组“professional ranks”，但根本不是这么个意思。

[B]“spotlight”世界杯上的足球巨星。

通过对第一段的理解，我们知道原文是通过examine世界杯上的足球巨星而得出“生日”现象。

“spotlight世界杯上的足球巨星”就当然不是提到生日现象的目的了。

[C]“引出文章主题，出色表现的原因”，符合中心。

[D]“解释一些足球队比另一些足球队踢得好的原因”，言下之意就是“生日”是决定球员表现的原因。

这是明显的错误，一方面和常理矛盾，另一方面和中心矛盾。

22：“mania”的意思？在原文中的对应句子是第二段倒数第二句“soccer mad pa rents ……at the annual peak of soccer mania” “疯狂的父母……在mania 的足球赛季”，对应的应该是“疯狂的赛季”，选项中只有[B]crazy=原文中的“mad”。

23：[B]和[C]与原文矛盾，很容易排除。

从原文中找对应的句子来看，应该是在原文第四段“In other words ,……by how well each person encodes the information”“记忆力之间的差异能被每个人如何输入信息swamped”。

也就是说，能够很好的输入信息就能培养好的记忆力。

选项[A]符合。

[D]选项中的内容对应的是原文第四段的“deliberate practice”，是对它的解释和进一步说明，而不是直接解释说明“memory”的。

07年考研英语真题07年考研英语真题一、阅读理解1、答案：D解析：本文主要讲述了一种可以通过研究大脑活动来判断一个人是否对某个决策持有坚定立场的方法。

研究者通过检测大脑中“纠结区”的活动来判断个体对某个决策的坚定度。

文章给出了针对这种方法的研究结果，并指出了这种方法可能存在的局限性。

2、答案：A解析：文章主要讲述了古埃及社会的特点和重要的社会群体，以及这些群体在古埃及社会中的地位和作用。

文章首先介绍了古埃及的社会特点，然后分别介绍了法老、贵族、农民和奴隶在古埃及社会中的地位和作用。

最后简要总结了古埃及社会的组成和特点。

3、答案：C解析：本文主要讲述了有关恐龙的一些新发现和研究。

文章首先介绍了近年来科学家对恐龙的新发现，包括一些新的种类和新的特征。

然后介绍了科学家对恐龙速度和行为的研究，指出了一些可能的解释和争议。

最后讨论了科学家对恐龙灭绝的原因的不同观点。

4、答案：B解析：本文主要讲述了创意对于认知能力的重要性。

文章指出创意是一种能够改变和创造事物的能力，是人类认知能力的核心。

文章介绍了创意的定义、特征以及创意在不同领域的应用。

文章最后强调了创意对于个人和社会发展的重要性。

5、答案：D解析：本文主要关注的是研究发现，在吸烟者之间比在抽烟者和非吸烟者之间差异更大的基因突变。

研究者发现，与吸烟有关的基因突变在吸烟者中比在非吸烟者中更常见。

文章最后总结了研究结果，并提出了进一步研究的可能性和重要性。

6、答案：C解析：本文主要讲述了海底火山喷发对周围环境的影响。

文章介绍了海底火山喷发的成因、过程和效应。

文章提到，海底火山喷发会造成海水变热、增加微生物数量等现象。

最后，文章指出，通过对海底火山喷发的研究，可以更好地了解地球内部的活动和地球的演化过程。

二、完形填空1、答案：B解析：本文主要讲述了一个名叫Walt的青年艺术家的成长故事。

Walt从小就喜欢艺术，并对色彩有着独特的感觉。

他经历了许多困难和挫折，但始终坚持自己的梦想。

2007英语考研真题答案【篇一：【考研】6.2007年考研英语真题及答案完整解析】class=txt>section i use of englishdirections:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [a], [b],[c] or [d] on answer sheet 1. (10 points)by 1830 the former spanish and portuguese colonies had become independent nations. the roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. born in the crisis of the old regime and iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.on the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10 the leadership. roman catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. the defense of the church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.the ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. bolivar had received aid from haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. by 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except spain’s 17 colonies. earl y promises to end indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.2.3.4.5.6.7. [a] natives [b] inhabitants [c] peoples [d] individuals [a] confusedly [b] cheerfully [c] worriedly [d] hopefully [a] shared [b] forgot [c] attained [d] rejected [a] related [b] close [c] open [d] devoted [a] access [b] succession [c] right [d] return [a] presumably [b] incidentally [c] obviously [d] generally [a] unique [b] common [c] particular [d] typical8.9. [a] freedom [b] origin [c] impact [d] reform [a] therefore [b] however [c] indeed [d] moreover10. [a] with [b] about [c] among [d] by11. [a] allowed [b] preached [c] granted [d] funded12. [a] since [b] if [c] unless [d] while13. [a] as [b] for [c] under [d] against14. [a] spread [b] interference [c] exclusion [d] influence15. [a] support [b] cry [c] plea [d] wish16. [a] urged [b] intended [c] expected [d] promised17. [a] controlling [b] former [c] remaining [d] original18. [a] slower [b] faster [c] easier [d] tougher19. [a] created [b] produced [c] contributed [d] preferred20. [a] puzzled by[b] hostile to [c] pessimistic about [d] unprepared forsection ii reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing [a], [b],[c], or [d]. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points) text 1if you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s world cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. if you then examined the european national youth teams that feed the world cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.what might account for this strange phenomenon? here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.anders ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at florida state university, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” ericsson grew up in sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunityto conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. his first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “with the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” ericsson recalls. “he kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”this success, coupled with later research showing thatmemory itself is not genetically determined, led ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. in other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. and the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. deliberatepractice entails more than simply repeating a task. rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. they gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. the birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[a] stress the importance of professional training.[b] spotlight the soccer superstars in the world cup.[c] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[d] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. the word “mania” (line 4, paragraph 2) most probably means[a] fun.[b] craze.[c] hysteria.[d] excitement.23. according to ericsson, good memory[a] depends on meaningful processing of information.[b] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[c] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[d] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. ericsson and his colleagues believe that[a] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[b] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[c] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[d] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[a] “faith will move mountains.”[b] “one reaps what one sows.”[c] “practice makes perfect.”[d] “like father, like son.”text 2for the past several years, the sunday newspaper supplement parade has featured a column called “ask marilyn.” people are invited to query marilyn vos savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an iq of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. iq tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. so it is a bit confusing when vos savant fields such queries from the average joe (whose iq is 100) as, what’s the difference between love and fondness? or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? it’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figureout numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. just what does it mean to be smart? how much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?the defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the iq score, even though iq tests are not given as often as they used to be. the test comes primarily in two forms: the stanford-binet intelligence scale and the wechsler intelligence scales (both come in adult and children’s version). generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the world wide web. superhigh scores like vos savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. other standardized tests, such as the scholastic assessment test (sat) and the graduate record exam (gre), capture the main aspects of iq tests.such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues robert j. sternberg. in his article “how intelligent is intelligence testing?”, sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. moreover, iq tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. research has found that iq predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, iq was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. anyone who has toiled through sat will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[a] answering philosophical questions.[b] folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[c] telling the differences between certain concepts.[d] choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. what can be inferred about intelligence testing from paragraph 3?[a] people no longer use iq scores as an indicator of intelligence.[b] more versions of iq tests are now available on the internet.[c] the test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.[d] scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28. people nowadays can no longer achieve iq scores as high as vos savant’s because[a] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.[b] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[c] vos savant’s case is an extreme one that will not re peat.[d] the defining characteristic of iq tests has changed.29. we can conclude from the last paragraph that[a] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[b] iq scores and sat results are highly correlated.[c] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[d] traditional test are out of date.30. what is the author’s attitude towards iq tests?[a] supportive.[b] skeptical.[c] impartial.[d] biased.text 3during the past generation, the american middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.in just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. as a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback –a back-up earner (usually mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. this “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. but today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.during the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. steelworkers,airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. for much of the past year, president bush campaigned to move social security to asaving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. for younger families, the picture is not any better. both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to wal-mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ futu re healthcare. even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have 【篇二：2007考研英语(一)真题及答案解析】ass=txt>directions：read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a，b，c or d on answer sheet 1.(10 points)by 1830 the former spanish and portuguese colonies had become independent nations. the roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. born in the crisis of the old regime and iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should besovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws.on the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the leadership. roman catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. the defense of the church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.the ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. bolivar had received aid from haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. by 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except spain’s 17 colonies. early promises to end indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 .egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.[a]natives [b]inhabitants[c]peoples [d]individuals2.[a]confusedly[b]cheerfully [c]worriedly[d]hopefully3.[a]shared[b]forgot[c]attained[d]rejected4.[a]related[b]close[c]open[d]devoted5.[a]access[b]succession[c]right[d]return6.[a]presumably[b]incidentally[c]obviously [d]generally7.[a]unique[b]common[c]particular[d]typical8.[a]freedom[b]origin[c]impact[d]reform9.[a]therefore[b]however[c]indeed[d]moreover10.[a]with[b]about [c]among[d]by11.[a]allowed[b]preached[c]granted[d]funded12.[a]since[b]if[c]unless[d]while13.[a]as[b]for[c]under[d]against14.[a]spread[b]interference[c]exclusion[d]influence15.[a]support[b]cry[c]plea[d]wish16.[a]urged[b]intended[c]expected[d]promised17.[a]controlling[b]former[c]remaining[d]original18.[a]slower[b]faster[c]easier[d]tougher19.[a]created[b]produced[c]contributed[d]preferred20.[ a] puzzled by[b]hostile to [c]pessimisticabout[d]unprepared for文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句;有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

考研英语07真题答案考研英语07真题答案解析考研英语真题对于备考生来说具有极高的参考价值，通过对历年真题的分析，可以更好地把握考试的出题规律和重点。

以下是对2007年考研英语真题答案的详细解析。

阅读理解部分1. 第一篇阅读文章主要讨论了全球化对文化多样性的影响。

正确答案为：A) 它强调了全球化对文化多样性的积极作用。

2. 第二篇阅读文章探讨了网络教育的优缺点。

正确答案为：C) 网络教育可以提供更灵活的学习方式。

3. 第三篇阅读文章分析了城市化进程中的问题和挑战。

正确答案为：B) 城市化导致了环境和社会问题。

4. 第四篇阅读文章讨论了科技在教育中的应用及其影响。

正确答案为：D) 科技可以提高教育效率，但也可能带来新的挑战。

完形填空部分1. 第一空的正确答案是 "innovative"，因为后文提到了这些产品在市场上的新颖性。

2. 第二空的正确答案是 "concerns"，因为紧接着的句子提到了消费者对这些产品的担忧。

3. 第三空的正确答案是 "regulations"，因为后文讨论了政府对这些产品实施的监管措施。

4. 第四空的正确答案是 "beneficial"，因为文章最后强调了这些产品对消费者和社会的积极影响。

翻译部分1. 中文句子：“我们必须认识到，教育不仅仅是知识的传授，更是价值观的培养。

” 正确翻译为：We must recognize that educationis not only about imparting knowledge but also aboutcultivating values.2. 中文句子：“随着科技的发展，人们的生活方式发生了巨大的变化。

” 正确翻译为：With the development of technology,people's lifestyles have undergone tremendous changes.3. 中文句子：“环境保护已经成为全球关注的焦点。

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2007年Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a）certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b）winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c）soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d）none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after ab out 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expertperformers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.1. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.2. The word “mania” （Line 4, Paragraph 2）most probably means[A] fun. [B] craze. [C] hysteria. [D] excitement.3. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.4. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.5. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Unit 14（2007）Part 1试题解析：1．【正确答案】【C】【解析】结构题，题干中的“is mentioned to”表明本题是结构题。

2007考研英语真题答案2007年的考研英语真题是考研英语备考中非常重要的一部分，它可以帮助考生了解考试难度和考点。

为了帮助大家更好地应对2007年的考研英语真题，以下将对该年的真题进行详细解析。

第一部分：阅读理解第一篇:原题：Text 1To make farms sustainable， Weis faces tougher problems. Current scales， which are determined by the number of livestock each operation has， are supposed to limit the amount of manure a farmer needs to handle.A better approach， says Weis， would limit the number of livestock permitted in watersheds， the area of land that drains to a particular body of water， preventing the overloading of a region by livestock waste.Question 1： The author mentions the desired outcome of setting scales in paragraph 3 to argue thatOptions：A. scale setting has failed to address a significant problemB. scales have made farms more sustainableC. scale setting can lead to excessive waste productionD. scales often limit the number of animals on a farm答案解析：本题属于信息提取题，答案位于第一段的第二句话：A better approach， says Weis， would limit the number of livestock permitted in watersheds， the area of land that drains to a particular body of water， preventing the overloading of a region by livestock waste.选项C与原文一致，表达了限制比例的方法能够防止过度的废弃物产生，因此答案选C。

8.[A］freedom ［B] origin [C］impact [D] reform9。

［A] therefore [B］however [C] indeed ［D］moreover10.[A］with [B] about ［C] among ［D] by11.［A] allowed ［B］preached [C] granted [D] funded12。

［A] Since ［B] If ［C］Unless [D] While13.[A］as [B] for [C] under [D] against14.[A］spread ［B］interference ［C] exclusion ［D］influence15。

［A］support [B］cry [C] plea [D］wish16.［A］urged ［B] intended [C] expected ［D] promised17。

[A] controlling ［B］former [C］remaining ［D] original18。

［A］slower ［B] faster [C] easier ［D］tougher19.［A] created [B] produced [C］contributed ［D] preferred20.［A］puzzled by ［B］hostile to ［C］pessimistic about ［D］unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts。

Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A］，［B］, ［C］, or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。

（40 points）Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament，youwould most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks，you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon？Here are a few guesses：a）certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b）winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity，which increasessoccer stamina; c) soccer—mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime，at the annual peak of soccermania; d）none of the above。

2007年考研英语真题及解析Section I Use of English【文章综述】本短文源于2001年由朗文出版公司出版的World Civilization: The Global Experiernce, Third Edition(《全球文明史（第三版）》)第31章The Consolidation of Latin America,1830~1920(《拉丁美洲的稳固：1830~1920》)。

此文题材为社会生活类【考频6次】。

文中主要介绍殖民地国家独立后所面临的各种问题。

【试题连线】…………………………【选项分析】……………………………By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 millionto the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime andIberian Colonialism, m any of the leaders ofcommerce and trade, the5 to private property , and a belief in the individual as basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church，9 , there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown，12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states，some sought to end the14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian，valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies19 . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy. 1. [A] natives（本国人，当地人）[B] inhabitants (居民)[C] peoples（民族，种族）[D] individuals（个人，个体）2 [A] confusedly（迷惑地）[B] cheerfully（欢快地，兴高采烈地）[C] worriedly（焦虑地, 担忧地）[D] hopefully（满怀希望地）3. [A] shared（共享）[B] forgot （忘记）[C] attained（获得）[D] rejected（拒绝，抛弃）4. [A] related（与···相关的）[B] close（在附近，接近的）[C] open（对··开放，未决定的）[D] devoted （投入的，忠诚的）5. [A] access（途径，机会）[B] succession（继承）[C] right（···的权利）[D] return (返回到···）6. [A] Presumably（据推测，大概地）[B] Incidentally（顺便提及）[C] Obviously（显然；明显地）[D] Generally （普遍地,广泛地）7. [A] unique（独一无二的,独特的）[B] common(共同的, 普通的) [C] particular（特别的，特殊的）[D] typical（典型的,有代表性的）8. [A] freedom（自由）[B] origin（来源, 起源）[C] impact（影响）[D] reform （改革，改良）9. [A] therefore（因此, 表因果）[B] however（然而, 表转折）[C] indeed（的确, 表强调）[D] moreover （此外, 表递进）10. [A] with（和……一起）[B] about（有关···对于）[C] among (在··之间)[D] by（通过··）11. [A] allowed(许可，允许)[B] preached（布道，宣传）[C] granted（承认, 授予）[D] funded（资助，拨款）. 12. [A] Since（因为，表因果关系；自··以来，表时间关系）[B] If（如果，表假设关系）[C] Unless（除非，表示条件关系）[D] While（然而，表示对比关系）13. [A] as（作为，被看作）[B] for（为了，支持）[C] under（在···之下，受……领导）[D] against（反对···,靠着）14. [A] spread（传播;展开;蔓延）[B] interference（干涉; 阻挠）[C] exclusion（排斥，拒绝）[D] influence（影响; 作用）15. [A] support（支持, 支援）[B] cry（口号，呼吁）[C] plea（请求，恳求，借口，托辞）[D] wish（愿望, 希望）16. [A] urged（敦促，力劝，强烈要求）[B] intended（意欲，打算;计划）[C] expected（期待, 盼望）[D] promised （承诺, 保证）17. [A] controlling（操纵的，控制的）[B] former（以前的）[C] remaining（现存的, 残留的）[D] original （最初的,原始的）18. [A] slower（较慢，更缓地）[B] faster（较快地）[C] easier （较容易）[D] tougher（较难，更粗暴地，更强硬地）19. [A] created（创造，产生）[B] produced（生产，导致[C]contributed（捐赠；促成）[D] preferred（更喜欢，偏爱）20.[A] puzzled by (被……迷惑的，困惑)[B] hostile to（对…敌对，敌意的）[C]pessimistic about（对…悲观的）[D] unprepared for （对··未准备好的）【核心词汇】regime［rei'ʒi:m］n.政体; 政权；生活饮食规律，养生法sovereign［'sɔvrin］a.独立的，有主权的；拥有最高统治权的n.君主，国王，统治者（sove=super超级的+reign统治→最高统治→国王）conservative[ kən'sə:vətiv]adj.保守的，守旧的；n.保守主义者value[vælju:]n.价值，实用性vt.评价，评估，尊重abolish[ə'bɔliʃ]vt废除（法律，习惯等），取消tribute['tribju:t]n贡品，颂词，称赞，表示称赞的礼物revenue['revinju:]n财政收入，税收sentiment['sentimənt]n感情，柔情，看法，感觉temper['tempə]n.脾气，韧度vt.调和,使…..缓和；使……回火【超纲词汇】colonialism[kə'ləunjəlizəm] n.殖民主义viable['vaiəbl]adj.切实可行的the crown[kraun]n.王位，王权egalitarian[i,gæli'tɛəriən]adj.平等主义的【常用词组】in turn作为回报【答案与详解】1.答案→B 考点→名词用法及辨析【考频34次】解题技巧→选项给出的均为名词，且都是“……人”，由此可知此处需要填入表示“人”的名词。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006’s World Cup tournament,you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk:elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks,you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon?Here are a few guesses:a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity,which increases soccer stamina;c)soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime,at the annual peak of soccer mania;d)none of the above.Anders Ericsson,a58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in“none of the above.”Ericsson grew up in Sweden,and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.His first experiment,nearly30 years ago,involved memory:training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.“With the first subject,after about20hours of training,his digit span had risen from7to20,”Ericsson recalls.“He kept improving,and after about200hours of training he had risen to over80numbers.”This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.In other words,whatever inborn differencestwo people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,those differences are swamped by how well each person“encodes”the information.And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully,Ericsson determined,was a process known as deliberate practice.Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather,it involves setting specific goals,obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits,including soccer.They gather all the data they can,not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.Their work makes a rather startling assertion:the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.Or,put another way, expert performers–whether in memory or surgery,ballet or computer programming–are nearly always made,not born.21.The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A]stress the importance of professional training.[B]spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C]introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D]explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22.The word“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)most probably means[A]fun.[B]craze.[C]hysteria.[D]excitement.23.According to Ericsson,good memory[A]depends on meaningful processing of information.[B]results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C]is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D]requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A]talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B]biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C]the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D]high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25.Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries toconvey?[A]“Faith will move mountains.”[B]“One reaps what one sows.”[C]“Practice makes perfect.”[D]“Like father,like son.”Text2For the past several years,the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called“Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant,who at age10had tested at a mental level of someone about23years old;that gave her an IQ of228–the highest score ever recorded.IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies,to envision paper after it has been folded and cut,and to deduce numerical sequences,among other similar tasks.So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is100)as,What’s the difference between love and fondness?Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly,intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.Just what does itmean to be smart?How much of intelligence can be specified,and how much can we learn about it from neurology,genetics,computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score,even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.The test comes primarily in two forms:the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version).Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists,although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible,because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers,rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by100.Other standardized tests,such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE),capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life,argues Robert J.Sternberg.In his article“How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”,Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.Moreover,IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions,but under high-stress conditions,IQ was negatively correlated with leadership–that is,it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26.Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A]Answering philosophical questions.[B]Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C]Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D]Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27.What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph3?[A]People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B]More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C]The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.[D]Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’sbecause[A]the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.[B]creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C]vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D]the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29.We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A]test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B]IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C]testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D]traditional test are out of date.30.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A]Supportive.[B]Skeptical.[C]Impartial.[D]Biased.Text3During the past generation,the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had beentransformed by economic risk and new realities.Now a pink slip,a bad diagnosis,or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation,millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic family economics.Scholars,policymakers,and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes,but few have looked at the side effect:family risk has risen as well.Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status.As a result,they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback–a back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.This“added-worker effect”could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.But today,a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period,families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.Steelworkers,airline employees,and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates,stock market fluctuation,and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year,President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model,with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.For younger families,the picture is not any better.Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen–and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers,with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare.Even demographics are working against the middle class family,as the odds of having a weak elderly parent–and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance–have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective,much of this,understandably,looksfar less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility,and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.The financial fallout has begun,and the political fallout may not be far behind.31.Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A]the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B]their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C]they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D]they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32.As a result of President Bush’s reform,retired people may have[A]a higher sense of security.[B]less secured payments.[C]less chance to invest.[D]a guaranteed future.33.According to the author,health-savings plans will[A]help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B]popularize among the middle class.[C]compensate for the reduced pensions.[D]increase the families’investment risk.34.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B]the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C]financial problems may bring about political problems.[D]financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35.Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A]The Middle Class on the Alert[B]The Middle Class on the Cliff[C]The Middle Class in Conflict[D]The Middle Class in RuinsText4It never rains but it pours.Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles,and improved their feeble corporation governance,a new problem threatens to earn them–especially in America–the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite:data insecurity.Left,until now,to odd,low-level IT staff to put right,and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking,telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year–from organizations as diverse as Time Warner,the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California,Berkeley–have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,”says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school.“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value,which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.”Indeed,just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP),perhaps it is time for GASP,Generally Accepted Security Practices,suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for security,redundancy,and recovery is a management issue,not a technical one,”he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.Surely it shouldbe obvious to the dimmest executive that trust,that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore–and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged–though not justified–by the lack of legal penalty(in America,but not Europe)for data leakage.Until California recently passed a law,American firms did not have to tell anyone,even the victim,when data went astray.That may change fast:lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington,D.C.Meanwhile,the theft of information about some40million credit-card accounts in America,disclosed on June 17th,overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission(FTC)that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36.The statement“It never rains but it pours”is used to introduce[A]the fierce business competition.[B]the feeble boss-board relations.[C]the threat from news reports.[D]the severity of data leakage.37.According to Paragraph2,some organizations check their systems to find out[A]whether there is any weak point.[B]what sort of data has been stolen.[C]who is responsible for the leakage.[D]how the potential spies can be located.38.In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A]shareholders’interests should be properly attended to.[B]information protection should be given due attention.[C]businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D]the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39.According to Paragraph4,what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A]see the link between trust and data protection.[B]perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C]realize the high cost of data restoration.[D]appreciate the economic value of trust.40.It can be inferred from Paragraph5that[A]data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B]FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C]California takes the lead in security legislation.[D]legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.。

2007年考研英语阅读解翻译与解析2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题解析文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。

文章首段主题句叙述到By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，宣告成为独立国家。

本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。

本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。

本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。

题目解析：By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked2 to the future.1．［A］natives ［B］inhabitants ［C］peoples ［D］individuals2．［A］confusedly［B］cheerfully ［C］worriedly ［D］hopefully1. 语意辨析题本题目选择名词，在句子中充当主语。

句子叙述到The roughly 20 millionof these nations looked to the future. “这些国家大概有2000万…对未来…。

”选项A. natives 本地人；B. inhabitant居民;C. peoples 民族；D. individuals个体。

不难发现，选项A. natives 本地人，“这些国家大概有2000万本地人…”，符合句子含义；选项B. inhabitant居民，“这些国家大概有2000万居民…”，符合句子含义；选项C. peoples 民族，“这些国家大概有2000万个民族”，显然有悖于常理，不符合句子含义；选项D. individuals 个体，“这些国家大概有2000万个体…”，不符合句子含义，个体一般用于区分于集体时使用。