液压外文翻译.

Hydraulic Wordshydrotrencher 液压挖沟机hydrostatic bearing 流体静压轴承hydrostatic dual packer 水力式双管封隔器hydrostatic extrusion machine 静液力挤压机hydrostatic extrusion press 液体静压挤压机hydrostatic gasoline gauge 静液压式汽油量表hydrostatic gauge 静液压压力计hydrostatic level gauge 流体静压水准仪hydrostatic machine 水压机hydrostatic oiler 静压加油器hydrostatic press 水压机hydrostatic pressure gauge 静液压力计hydrostatic release unit 静水压力释放器hydrostatic test press 水压试验机hydrostatic testing machine 水压试验机hydrostatic transmitter 静压变送器hydrostone-flat grinder 水磨机hydrosuction wringing machine 吸水榨干机hydroplane 水上飞机hydropneumatic accumulator 气水蓄力器hydropneumatic punch 液压气动打孔机hydropneumatic punching machine 液压气动打孔机hydroprednisone 氢化泼尼松hydropress cold-chamber diecasting machine 水压冷室压铸机hydropress 水压机hydropueumatic broaching machine 液压气动式拉床hydropulper 水力碎纸机hydropyrometer 水测高温计hydromation filter 液压过滤器hydrometer 液体比重计hydrocone gyratory crusher 液压锥罩式环动破碎机hydro former 水压式成形器hydro governor 液压调节器hydro manometer 流体压力计hydro reciprocator 液压式往复运动机hydro turbine 水力涡轮机hydro-amplifier 液压放大器hydro-barker 水力剥皮机hydro-boom jumbo 带液压钻架的钻车hydro-cone crusher 液压圆锥破碎机hydro-cylinder 液压缸hydro-disperser 水力分散器hydro-drill jumbo 液压钻车hydro-dynamic gauge 动水压力计hydro-dynamic molding press 液压模压机hydro-dynamic press 液压机hydro-exhauster 抽水机hydro-extract dryer 脱水烘燥机hydro-monitor 水力测功器hydro-monoplane 单翼水上飞机hydro-motor 喷水发动机hydro-power pump 液压动力泵hydro-screw chuck 液压丝扣卡盘hydraulic bucket 液压抓斗hydraulic drill 水力凿岩机hydraulic 3-deck cycle tyre vulcanizing press 液压三层自行车胎硫化机hydraulic accumulator 蓄液器hydraulic actuated excavator 液压挖土机hydraulic actuated governor 液压调速器hydraulic actuator 液压致动器hydraulic agitator 液力搅拌器hydraulic amplifier 液压放大器hydraulic and electronic swing arm cutting machine 液压电子摇臂式裁切机hydraulic arc sawing machine 液压弓锯床hydraulic arm 液压臂hydraulic auto jack 汽车用液压千斤顶hydraulic auto-balanced sole attaching machine 液压式自动平衡上底机hydraulic automatic control machine 水压自控机hydraulic automatic mortising machine 液压自动榫槽机hydraulic back-pressure valve 液压止回阀hydraulic bale loader 液压包捆装载机hydraulic baling press 液压打包机hydraulic ballast tamper 液压捣固机hydraulic barker 水力剥皮机hydraulic bell hoist 液压料钟卷扬机hydraulic bench drill 液压台钻hydraulic bench vice 液压台虎钳hydraulic bender 水力弯折机hydraulic bending machine 液压式折弯机hydraulic bending press 液压折弯机hydraulic boom machine 液压支臂切削掘进机hydraulic booster 液压升压器hydraulic boring lathe 液压镗车床hydraulic boring unit 液压镗床hydraulic bottle jack 立式液压千斤顶hydraulic brake fluid 液压制动液hydraulic brake operating valve 液力制动操纵阀hydraulic brake shaft 液压制动轴hydraulic brake 液压制动器hydraulic broaching machine 液压拉床hydraulic bronze 耐水浸蚀铅青铜hydraulic buffer 液压缓冲器hydraulic bulldozer with rippers 液压推松土机hydraulic bulldozer 液压推土机hydraulic bumper 液压减震器hydraulic bundling press 液压压包机hydraulic cable jointing machine 油压接线机hydraulic calibrating press 水力定型机hydraulic capstan 水力绞盘hydraulic car jack 小车用液压千斤顶hydraulic cargo winch 液压起货机hydraulic cell 液力测压计hydraulic cement 水凝水泥hydraulic cementing material 水凝性胶结材料hydraulic chock-shield support 支承掩护式液压支架hydraulic chuck 液压卡盘hydraulic circular sawing machine 液动圆锯床hydraulic clamp cutter 液压切纸机hydraulic clamp 液动压板hydraulic clamping multiple cutter semi-automatic contour lathe 液压卡盘多刀半自动仿形车床hydraulic clamping multiple cutter semi-automatic lathe 液压卡盘多刀半自动车床hydraulic classifier 水力分级机hydraulic claw type last releasing machine 液压爪式拔揎机hydraulic cloth baling press 布锭打包液压机hydraulic clutch 液压离合器hydraulic combined punching & shearing machine 液压联合冲剪机hydraulic compacting press for magnetic material 磁性材料制品液压机hydraulic compressor 液力压缩机hydraulic computer 液压计算机hydraulic cone crusher 液压锥形破碎机hydraulic contour shaping machine 液压仿形牛头刨床hydraulic control box 液力控制箱hydraulic control one-way valve 液控单向阀hydraulic conveyor 液压输送机hydraulic copper pipe bending press 水力弯铜管机hydraulic counter moulding machine 液压式鞋后帮成型机hydraulic coupling 液压联轴节hydraulic crane 液压吊车hydraulic crawler excavator 履带式液压挖掘机hydraulic crawler loader 液压履带装载机hydraulic crawler scraper 液压履带铲运机hydraulic cupola hoist 化铁炉用液压起重机hydraulic curb jack 液压抑制千斤顶hydraulic cutter 液压切割机hydraulic cutter-suction dredger 液压绞吸式挖泥船hydraulic cyclone elutriator 液压旋流淘析器hydraulic cyclone 液压旋流器hydraulic cylinder 液压缸hydraulic damper 液压阻尼器hydraulic deep-drawing press 液压深抽压床hydraulic die press 模锻水压机hydraulic die cutting machine 液压冲切机hydraulic digger 液压式挖掘机hydraulic double-action jack 液压双动千斤顶hydraulic double-cage press 液力双笼式榨汁机hydraulic double-chuck spindle veneer lathe 液压双卡轴木旋切机hydraulic down-stroke press 下压式水压机hydraulic doze-scarifier 液压推松土机hydraulic drawbench 液压拉拔机hydraulic drawing press 拉伸液压机hydraulic dredge 疏浚机hydraulic drill rig 液压钻机hydraulic drive motor 液压驱动马达hydraulic driven spread hopper 液压传动散布漏斗hydraulic duplex pumping engine 水力双泵发动机hydraulic dynamometer 水力测功计hydraulic elevator platform 液压升降台hydraulic elevator 液压升降机hydraulic elongator car 液压拉伸器小车hydraulic elongator 液压拉伸器hydraulic engine 水力发电机hydraulic excavator 水力挖土机hydraulic external cylindrical grinder 液压外圆磨床hydraulic extrusion press 液压挤压机hydraulic fatigue machine 液压疲劳试验机hydraulic feeder 液压给料机hydraulic feeding machine 液压式下料机hydraulic filter press 油压压滤机hydraulic filter 液压过滤器hydraulic fine blanking press 精密冲裁液压机hydraulic fixed rivetter 固定式水力铆机hydraulic fixture pump station 液压夹具泵站hydraulic fleshing machine 液压去肉机hydraulic floor jack 液压落地千斤顶hydraulic flour mill 液压磨粉机hydraulic fluid filter 液压流体过滤器hydraulic follow-up steering apparatus 液压式随动操舵仪hydraulic forepart lasting machine 液压上鞋尖机hydraulic gait-model all-auger drilling machine 液压步履式螺旋钻孔机hydraulic gauge 水压计hydraulic gear pump 液压齿轮泵hydraulic generator 水轮发电机hydraulic giant 水力冲矿机hydraulic governor 液压调节器hydraulic grab 液压抓岩机hydraulic grease gun 黄油枪hydraulic guillotine shears 液压剪板机hydraulic gun shifter 液压传动移炮机hydraulic head 液压头hydraulic high-pressure insole forming machine 液压式高压内底定型机hydraulic hole caliper 水力井径仪hydraulic hose 液压软管hydraulic indicator 水压指示器hydraulic insole shaping machine 液压式内底成形机hydraulic intensifier 液力增压器hydraulic jack set 液压起重器组hydraulic jack 液压千斤顶hydraulic jar 水力震击器hydraulic jet barker 水力冲击剥皮机hydraulic jet mixer 水力喷射搅拌器hydraulic jet pump 水力喷射泵hydraulic lift 液压起重机hydraulic lift piler 液压提升堆垛机hydraulic lifter 液力挺杆hydraulic loader 液压装载机hydraulic locomotive 液压机车hydraulic loom 喷水织机hydraulic machine 水压机hydraulic machinery 液压机械hydraulic matrix moulding press 压纸型机hydraulic meat cutter 液压切肉机hydraulic metal extrusion press 液压金属挤压机hydraulic mining machinery 水力采矿机械hydraulic molding press 液压压型机hydraulic motor 液压电动机hydraulic moulding machine 液压造型机hydraulic mucker 液压装岩机hydraulic multi-tool semi automatic lathe 液压多刀半自动车床hydraulic nozzle 水压喷嘴hydraulic oil jar 油压震击器hydraulic oil mill 液压榨油机hydraulic oil press 液压榨油机hydraulic oil pump flexible tube 液压油泵软管hydraulic oil 液压油hydraulic open-die forging press 开口模锻水压机hydraulic packer 水力式封隔器hydraulic panel 液压操纵板hydraulic paper cutter 液压切纸机hydraulic part 液压件hydraulic pendulum plate shears 液压摆式剪板机hydraulic perforating gun 液压穿孔器hydraulic piercing press 液压冲孔机hydraulic pipe bender 液压弯管机hydraulic pipe cutter 液压切管机hydraulic pipe line dredge 吸泥式挖掘船hydraulic pipe testing machine 管材水压试验机hydraulic pipe 液压管hydraulic piston pump 水力活塞泵hydraulic plane cutting machine 平台式液压裁切机hydraulic planer for wood-work 木工液压刨床hydraulic planer 液压刨床hydraulic plate bender 液压弯板机hydraulic plate bending press 液压弯板机hydraulic plate cutting machine 液压切板机hydraulic plate shears 液压剪板机hydraulic plate-bending tube press 液压板料弯管机hydraulic plunger elevator 液压柱塞升降机hydraulic plywood press 胶合板液压机hydraulic portable rivetter 移动式水力铆机hydraulic power meter 水力测功器hydraulic power tongs 液压动力大钳hydraulic press brake 液压折弯机hydraulic press for powder products 粉末制品液压机hydraulic press with manometer 带压力计的水压机hydraulic press 液压机hydraulic pressure equalizer 水压均衡器hydraulic pressure gauge 水压表hydraulic pressure moving platform 液压滑台hydraulic pressure pumping tester 水压泵试验机hydraulic pressure stand tube 液压支架管hydraulic pressure stand 液压支架hydraulic pulling-over and forepart lasting machine 液压套帮和鞋尖粘固机hydraulic pump 液压泵hydraulic pumping engine 水力泵发动机hydraulic punching and shearing machine 水力冲剪机hydraulic punching machine 水力冲压机hydraulic push-rod brake 液压推杆制动器hydraulic radial drilling machine 液压摇臂钻床hydraulic rail pulling device 液压拉轨器hydraulic ram 水力夯锤hydraulic rear end loader 后置式液力装载机hydraulic reel winch 液压鼓轮绞车hydraulic regulator 水力调节器hydraulic retarder 液力阻尼器hydraulic right angle injection moulder 液压直角注模机hydraulic riveter 液压铆钉机hydraulic riveting machine 水力钉铆机hydraulic rod-type pusher 油压推杆机hydraulic roller 液压压路机hydraulic rope excavator 液压绳索挖掘机hydraulic rotary drill 液压旋转钻机hydraulic rubber cutter 液压切胶机hydraulic rudder 液压舵机hydraulic samming machine 液压式均湿机hydraulic saw 液压锯hydraulic scale 液压秤hydraulic scrap baling press 金属碎屑打包液压机hydraulic scraper 液压铲运机hydraulic semi-auto heel nailing machine 液压式半自动钉跟机hydraulic semi-automatic special lathe for gas valve of automobile 液压半自动汽车气门专用车床hydraulic semicontinuous casting machine 液压半连续铸造机hydraulic sensor 液压传感器hydraulic separator 水力分离器hydraulic sequence valve 液压顺序阀hydraulic servo-motor 液压伺服电动机hydraulic shaper 液压牛头刨床hydraulic shaving machine 液压式剃齿机hydraulic shearer 液压剪床hydraulic shearing machine 液压剪切机hydraulic sheet metal drawing press 薄板拉伸液压机hydraulic sheet metal forming press 板材成型液压机hydraulic sheet-metal bending press 液压金属板料折弯机hydraulic shield support 掩护式液压支架hydraulic shock-absorber 液压减震器hydraulic shovel 液压挖掘机hydraulic side-wall coring tool 水力井壁取芯器hydraulic single column bench press 单柱台式液压机hydraulic single column press 单柱液压机hydraulic single column straightening and assembling press 单柱拉直组装液压机hydraulic single-bucket loader 液压单斗装载机hydraulic slab debarker 水力剥皮机hydraulic slewing crane 水力旋臂起重机hydraulic slipping machine 液压拔楦机hydraulic snubber 油压式防振器hydraulic sole pressing machine 液压压底机hydraulic speed governor 液压调速器hydraulic stacker 液压堆垛机hydraulic steering booster 液压转向助力器hydraulic steering gear 液压舵机hydraulic steering pump 液压转向泵hydraulic straight-sided press 液压直边压力机hydraulic straightening and bending press 水力拉直折弯机hydraulic surface grinding machine 液压平面磨床hydraulic suspension system oil cylinder 液压悬挂系统油缸hydraulic swing arm cutting machine 液压摇臂式裁切机hydraulic swing beam guillotine shears 液压摆式剪板机hydraulic swing beam shears 液压摆式剪板机hydraulic swivel head 液压旋转水龙头hydraulic system assembly 液压系统总成hydraulic system oil pump 液压系统油泵hydraulic tamping machine 液压捣固机hydraulic tappet 液力挺杆hydraulic telemeter 液压遥测计hydraulic telescopic excavator 伸缩式液压挖土机hydraulic tension regulator 液力张紧调整器hydraulic test pump 试压泵hydraulic three-dimensional tube bending machine 液压立体弯管机hydraulic three-roll ink mill 液压三滚筒轧墨机hydraulic through feed embossing and ironing machine 液压通过式压花熨平机hydraulic through feed vibration staking machine 液压通过式振动刮软机hydraulic thrust boring machine 水压钻探机hydraulic tilt-up table 液压倾斜台hydraulic tire chiselling machine 油压磨胎机hydraulic toggle press 液压肘杆式冲床hydraulic tong positioner 液压大钳定位器hydraulic tongs 液压钳hydraulic tool rest 液压刀架hydraulic top-type pump 液压顶泵hydraulic torque converter 液压变矩器hydraulic torque meter 液压扭矩计hydraulic tower crane 液压塔式吊hydraulic track jack 液压起道机hydraulic transmission device 液力传动器hydraulic transmission oil heat exchanger 液压传动油热交换器hydraulic transmisson box 液力变速箱hydraulic travelling head cutting machine 液压移动头式裁切机hydraulic trawl winch 液压拖网绞车hydraulic trencher 液压挖沟机hydraulic trolley jack 手推车式液压千斤顶hydraulic truck crane 液压汽车起重机hydraulic tube bending machine 液压弯管机hydraulic turbine generator 水力涡轮发电机hydraulic turbine 水轮机hydraulic type pulling medical treatment apparatus 液压式牵引医疗装置hydraulic universal grinding machine 液动万能磨床hydraulic universal material testing machine 液压式万能材料试验机hydraulic universal testing machine 液压万能试验机hydraulic univesal grinder 液压通用磨床hydraulic up-stroke press 上压水压机hydraulic valve 液压阀hydraulic vamp-crimping machine 液压鞋面卷边机hydraulic vane pump 水轮泵hydraulic variable speed motor 液压变速马达hydraulic vertical borer 立式液压镗床hydraulic wall scraper 液压井壁刮削器hydraulic watchcase threading lathe 液压表壳螺纹车床hydraulic wheel excavator 轮胎式液压挖掘机hydraulic wheel scraper 液压轮式铲运机hydraulic wheeled loader 液压轮胎式装载机hydraulic winch 液力绞车hydraulic windlass 液压绞盘hydraulic wireline winch 液压绞车hydraulic wirerope inserting and looping machine 液压钢丝绳插套联合机hydraulic-lift scraper 液压提升式铲运机hydraulic-set dual hanger 水力坐封双管悬挂器hydraulical testing machine 液压式试验机hydraulically operated clutch 液动离合器hydraulically operated friction clutch 液压摩擦式离合器hydraulically operated small dumper 液压式小翻斗车hydraulically operated valve 液压操纵阀hydraulically-loaded pre-stressed rolling mill 液压加载预应力轧机hydro former 水压式成形器hydro governor 液压调节器hydro jet cleaner 喷水除锈器hydro jet dredger 喷射式挖泥船hydro manometer 流体压力计hydro reciprocator 液压式往复运动机hydro turbine 水力涡轮机hydro-amplifier 液压放大器hydro-barker 水力剥皮机hydro-boom jumbo 带液压钻架的钻车hydro-cone crusher 液压圆锥破碎机hydro-cylinder 液压缸hydro-disperser 水力分散器hydro-drill jumbo 液压钻车hydro-dynamic gauge 动水压力计hydro-dynamic molding press 液压模压机hydro-dynamic press 液压机hydro-exhauster 抽水机hydro-extract dryer 脱水烘燥机hydro-monitor 水力测功器hydro-monoplane 单翼水上飞机hydro-motor 喷水发动机hydro-power pump 液压动力泵hydro-screw chuck 液压丝扣卡盘。

液压词汇中英文对对照动tiydrautic power液JR技术tiydrautics液力技术hydrodynamics液技术hydropneumalics运行工况operating conditions锁定【:况rated conditions做阴【:况limited conditions瞬息I：况instanlaneous conditions粉鸡工况steady-slate conditions许用【:况acceptable conditions连续I：况continuous working conditions实际I：况actual condrtions效率efficiencyft转方向direction ol rotation公称爪力nominal pressure工作fK力working pressure进口FR力inlet pressure出口fU 力outlet pressure /RH pressure drop； dillerential pressure背压back pressure启动rn 力breakout pressure充油爪力charge pressure开启fR 力cracking pressure峰｛(VI；力peak pressure运行rn力operating pressure耐斥试验压力［xool pressure冲苗fK力surge pressure静JR 力sialic pressure系力system pressure曲制压力pilot pressure充气fE 力pre-charge pressure吸入fl；力suction pressure n/Ktti 坨override pressure锁崔rn 力rated pressure純气 fl air consumption淞浴leakage内繼漏internal leakage外池漏external leakage层涼laminar flow素诫turbulent How代穴cavitationHFfi displacement锁定漁0; rated How系数 1 tower factor^(环hysteresis圈形符号graphical symbol液JE气动元件1)1 形符号symbols lor hydraulic and pneumatic components说体逻轿元件国形符号symbols lor nuid logic devices逻紺功能12形符号symbols for logic funcbcxis冋KH却circuit diagram爪力・时何图pressure lime dagram功能因runclion diagram猜环circlen动循环aulomalic cycle工作S环working cycle ttt坏速度cycling speed工步phase 停ih 工步dwelt phase工作工步working phase快进I：步rapid advance phase快退I：步rapid return phase频申响胞Irequency response性repeat ability复現性reproducibility海移drill 波动ripple 经It 度linearity燈性区linear region液JE做第hydraulic lock液JR sticking变0：亲variable displacement pump泵的挖制control of pump肉轮泵gear pump叶片泵vane pump柱塞泉pislon pumpIt向林塞泉axial piston pump法兰安装llange mounUng底庵安装toot mounting •• hydraulic motor刚度stiffness中位neutral position事位zero positiona H I 14 free positionKt Grinder冇杆娥rod end无杆笊rear end外伸行用exlend stroke内堀行程 retract stroke覆冲 cushioning工作行 f¥ working stroke负戟爪力 induced pressure檢岀力force 实际输出力actual force 第作用缸 single-acting cylinder 収作用缸 double-acting cylinder 菱动缸 differential cylinder伸縮£X telescopic cirtinder阀 valve氓板 subplalema 币⑹d blocksub-ptale valvesandwich valvecartridge valve淸阀 slide valve惟阀 poppel valve阀芯 valve etemenl阀芯位& valve element position 缜向側 check valve液悴於 fM 的 pilot-controlled check valve机阀 shuttle valve瓜力挖制阀 pressure r^iel valvepressure relief valvesequence valvepressure reducingvalve卸荷阀 unloactng valve直幼式 directly operated type先导式 piiol-operated type机K 拧制式 mechanically controlled type 菲动式 manually op erated lype 液悼式 hydraulic contr(Mled typeHow control valve rixedrestnctive valveadjustable restrictive valveone-way restricUve valve平衡阀 counterbalance valve可调节诫阀speed regulator vedve分洗阀How divider valvellow-oombining valveshut-oH valve球阀globat(ball) valvetf 阀needle valve傅阀gate valve朕片阀diaphragm valve媒阀txjttertty va忖e噪声等级noise level放人 3 ami^ilierfjUU放犬S analogue amplitier数字放犬S digital amplifier传憊S sensorWifi threshold何康阀servo-valve四通阀four-way valve皎嘴尸ilfi nozzle flapper液JR放大S hydraulic ampliGer阀极tt valve polarityllow gain对称度symmetryItow limit雾位内池M nulKquiescenl) leakage宰iSS zero lapil淹S over lap负遮盖under lap开口opening宰M null bias军温nun drift阀JE 障valve pressure drop分辨承rescMution频申响罚frequency responsettfA 比amptilude ratio郴位林phase lag传递甫数transfer function管賂tiow tineWIT rigid tube软管llexible hose工作背略working line01 油胃略return bne补液管賂replenishing line捋制管略pilot line ittt油胃略drain line放气胃略bteed line接头fitting： connection ffIS式接头weWed Wling扩口式接头flared Htting快換接头quick release coupling法兰接头llange oonnection野头elbow 界径接头reducer titling说jfi llow pass油口portR!式油箱sealed reservoir油箱容fi reservoir fluid capacity壮箕式£能器bladder accumulatorS气污染air conlamination同体康粒汚染solid contamination液体污染liquid contamination空气过渡S air finer油lubricator 肅交换SS heat exchanger冷却S cooler加熾S healer遛度拧制S thermostat消声S silencer収筒过滤3 duplex filter过滤3JR 障filter pressure drop奋效过滤面枳eWective tillration area公称过滤梢度nominal fillration rating/Riftfn 力collapse pressure填料密封packing seal (fLMift'M mechanical seal径向密封radial seatft转密封rotary seal活塞密封piston seal涵塞杆密时rod seal防尘KH密It wiper seal； scraper炯介Wn bonded washer更介密封件composite seal禅ft 密封件elastomer seat丁Iff ft 胶nitrite butadiene rubber； NBR聚四氛乙烯polytelralluoroeltiene；PTF£优先押制override controlZU力我pressure gauge瓜力传感S electrical pressure transducer氏差计dirrerenlial pressure instrument液位计liquid level measuring instrument滾&计（low meter爪力开黄pressure swtch膳冲反生S pulse generator液JR 泵站power slation空气处理融元mr condiUoner unit乐力挖制冋陆pressure control circuit虫全冋幣safety circuit差动冋diFlerenlial circuit网速l@l 賂flow conlrol circuit进口节诫M常meter-in circuit出口节澈冋賂meler-oul circuit同步创蹄synchronizing circuit开成|训略open circuit闭成冋蹄closed circuit管賂布& pipe-work管卡clamper联轴S drive shaft coupling操作台control console挖制屏control panel老喪嗽compensator钻度viscosity运动辂度kinematic viscosily密度density含水 fl waler content闪点Hash pcxnt阳锈性rust protection坑寓借lit anli-corrosive quality便携代颗枪搅测仪portable particle counterSolenoid valveCheck valveCartridge valveSandwich plate valve先导阀Pitot valve液挖戕向阀Pilot operated check valve板穴安装5ub・Sale mount集成块ManifcMd block /R 力港诡阀Pressure relief valve说aiH| Ftow valve节涼阀Throttle valve収单向节漁阀Double throttle check valve厳饮Rotary knobRecWier platemm Servo valve比例阀Proporliona) valve位&反馈Posibon leedback渐W漁fi Progressive (low电fiS铁佯放De-energizing ot solenokJ二、介《类磷酸甘油Phosphate ester (HFO-R)水•乙二m Waler<glycol (HFC)扎化液Emulsion ®蚀剂Inhibitor合成油Synthetic Eutxicating oil三.液JE安装工程污染Contamination«浆Grout失效Failure点动Jog 帳行CreepVI# Abrasion(话«杆)伸fii Retract（话*杆）编冋Extension 误动作Malfunction朝洗PEkiing冲洗Flushing (ANK洗Dipping process猜环Re-circulation饨化P assivilyNitric acid氨"(Argon 对接好Butt welding套管焊Socket wetding績rt"体焊Inert gas weldingBite type fittings 卡 ft式管接头Tube Io tube liltings 接管接头union ft通接管接头union elbow总管接头union tee匚通管接头union cross网通管接头Mai slud titlings娥直通管接头BuOthead titlings 长jf(通管接头WeW Wlings焊接式管接头Female connector fittings 接头嬢阳Reducers extenders 变径管揍头Banjo fillings 牧ftN管接失Adjustable Ifttings^swvel nut 巌转接头Dynamic response 动崙频喑DDV-direct drive valve 直动成個％国NFPA-National Fluid Power Association 美国滾体捺制学会Phase tag栩位滞后Nozzle Flapper valve 喷啸(彳板阀Sefvo-(et pilot valve 射漁管網Dither颤振电流Coil impedance 线M俎抗Flow saturation gtiGtttj 和Unearity线形度Symmetry 对祢ItHysterics 滞环Threshold灵敏度Lap紺后Pressure gain用力增益Null事位Null bias 牢僞Null shift 牢9；Frequency response 频卓响丿屯Stope曲线貂坡液JR系狡<hydraulic system)执行元件(actuator)fUtJKtX (cylinder) •• (motor)液JKIOIHt (circuil)用力捽制冋陆(pressure control > iiS (速段)挖制I训略(speed conUolJ方向挖制同陆(drecbonal valve control) 虫全冋ft (security control)定位冋幣(position control)何步I训帰(synchronise circuit)噸序动作刚常(sequeunt circuit)液斥泵(pump) 阀(valve)(pressure vedve) ((towvalve) (directional valve)液JEM ft (accessory)甘通阀(common valve)播塢阀(cartridge valve)Atni阀(superimposed v£dve)。

What is Hydraulic?A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, no parts and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into the village of force control valve, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oildollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories.Hydraulic principleIt consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oil-filled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI,Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel.History of the development of hydraulicAnd air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascal's principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the world's first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved.World War I (1914-1918) after the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century Constantine (G • Constantimsco) fluctuations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic transmission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development.The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in1955, the rapid development of Japan's hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, "Hydraulic Industry." Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japan's fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader.Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general workers. Plastic processing industry, machinery, pressure machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel industry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projects with flood control the dam gates and devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship deck crane (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valves, such as the stern thruster ; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military-industrial control devices used in artillery, ship anti-rolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices.什么是液压？一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成，即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、无件和液压油。

液压管件方面中英文对照pipe connector 管接头hydraulic pressure air-motivated 液压气动card set 卡套式clip set 卡套式expansibility 扩口式flared type 扩口式welding type焊接式jointing 焊接式pipe 管,导管fittings 配件pipe fittings 管件welding joint 焊接式接头pressing type rubber pipe 扣压式胶管hydraulic rubber tube assembly 液压胶管总成类fast fittings 快速接头carbon steel 碳钢stainless steel不锈钢copper pipe铜质管路non-irregular metals 非标五金buleprint business 非标业务pipeline accessorise 管路附件pipieline enclosure 管路附件private enterprise 私营企业connectors for military use 军用接头类chemanical industry 机械制造类shipping 船舶类metallurgy 冶金instrument 仪表war industry 军工space technology 航天技术mechanical manufacturing industry 机械制造业metric pipe joint公制管接头British system pipe joint 英制管接头USA pipe joint美制管接头Mining pipe joint矿用接头Articulate joint 铰接接头double-ended jointing双头连接接头metric transition pipe joint公制过渡管接头British system transition pipe joint英制过渡管接头other transition joint 其他过渡接头冲床punching machine机械手robot油压机hydraulic machine车床lathe刨床planer |'plein?|铣床miller磨床grinder钻床driller线切割linear cutting金属切削metal cutting机床machine tool液压词汇中英文对对照流体传动hydraulic power液压技术hydraulics液力技术hydrodynamics气液技术hydropneumatics运行工况operating conditions额定工况rated conditions极限工况limited conditions瞬态工况instantaneous conditions稳态工况steady-state conditions许用工况acceptable conditions连续工况continuous working conditions实际工况actual conditions效率efficiency旋转方向direction of rotation公称压力nominal pressure工作压力working pressure进口压力inlet pressure出口压力outlet pressure压降pressure drop；differential pressure背压back pressure启动压力breakout pressure充油压力charge pressure开启压力cracking pressure峰值压力peak pressure运行压力operating pressure耐压试验压力proof pressure冲击压力surge pressure静压力static pressure系统压力system pressure控制压力pilot pressure充气压力pre-charge pressure吸入压力suction pressure调压偏差override pressure额定压力rated pressure耗气量air consumption泄漏leakage内泄漏internal leakage外泄漏external leakage层流laminar flow紊流turbulent flow气穴cavitation流量flow rate排量displacement额定流量rated flow供给流量supply flow流量系数flower factor滞环hysteresis图形符号graphical symbol液压气动元件图形符号symbols for hydraulic and pneumatic components 流体逻辑元件图形符号symbols for fluid logic devices逻辑功能图形符号symbols for logic functions回路图circuit diagram压力－时间图pressure time diagram功能图function diagram循环circle自动循环automatic cycle工作循环working cycle循环速度cycling speed工步phase停止工步dwell phase工作工步working phase快进工步rapid advance phase快退工步rapid return phase频率响应frequency response重复性repeat ability复现性reproducibility漂移drift波动ripple线性度linearity线性区linear region液压锁紧hydraulic lock液压卡紧sticking变量泵variable displacement pump泵的控制control of pump齿轮泵gear pump叶片泵vane pump柱塞泵piston pump轴向柱塞泵axial piston pump法兰安装flange mounting底座安装foot mounting液压马达hydraulic motor刚度stiffness中位neutral position零位zero position自由位free position缸cylinder有杆端rod end无杆端rear end外伸行程extend stroke内缩行程retract stroke缓冲cushioning工作行程working stroke负载压力induced pressure输出力force实际输出力actual force单作用缸single-acting cylinder双作用缸double-acting cylinder差动缸differential cylinder伸缩缸telescopic cylinder阀valve底板sub-plate油路块manifold block板式阀sub-plate valve叠加阀sandwich valve插装阀cartridge valve滑阀slide valve锥阀poppet valve阀芯valve element阀芯位置valve element position单向阀check valve液控单向阀pilot-controlled check valve 梭阀shuttle valve压力控制阀pressure relief valve溢流阀pressure relief valve顺序阀sequence valve减压阀pressure reducingvalve平衡阀counterbalance valve卸荷阀unloading valve直动式directly operated type先导式pilot-operated type机械控制式mechanically controlled type 手动式manually operated type液控式hydraulic controlled type流量控制阀flow control valve固定节流阀fixed restrictive valve可调节流阀adjustable restrictive valve 单向节流阀one-way restrictive valve调速阀speed regulator valve分流阀flow divider valve集流阀flow-combining valve截止阀shut-off valve球阀global(ball) valve针阀needle valve闸阀gate valve膜片阀diaphragm valve蝶阀butterfly valve噪声等级noise level放大器amplifier模拟放大器analogue amplifier数字放大器digital amplifier传感器sensor阈值threshold伺服阀servo-valve四通阀four-way valve喷嘴挡板nozzle flapper液压放大器hydraulic amplifier颤振dither阀极性valve polarity流量增益flow gain对称度symmetry流量极限flow limit零位内泄漏null(quiescent) leakage遮盖lap零遮盖zero lap正遮盖over lap负遮盖under lap开口opening零偏null bias零漂null drift阀压降valve pressure drop分辨率resolution频率响应frequency response幅值比amplitude ratio相位移phase lag传递函数transfer function管路flow line硬管rigid tube软管flexible hose工作管路working line回油管路return line补液管路replenishing line控制管路pilot line泄油管路drain line放气管路bleed line接头fitting；connection焊接式接头welded fitting扩口式接头flared fitting快换接头quick release coupling法兰接头flange connection弯头elbow异径接头reducer fitting流道flow pass油口port闭式油箱sealed reservoir油箱容量reservoir fluid capacity气囊式蓄能器bladder accumulator空气污染air contamination固体颗粒污染solid contamination液体污染liquid contamination空气过滤器air filter油雾气lubricator热交换器heat exchanger冷却器cooler加热器heater温度控制器thermostat消声器silencer双筒过滤器duplex filter过滤器压降filter pressure drop有效过滤面积effective filtration area 公称过滤精度nominal filtration rating 压溃压力collapse pressure填料密封packing seal机械密封mechanical seal径向密封radial seal旋转密封rotary seal活塞密封piston seal活塞杆密封rod seal防尘圈密封wiper seal；scraper组合垫圈bonded washer复合密封件composite seal弹性密封件elastomer seal丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber；NBR聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethene；PTFE 优先控制override control压力表pressure gauge压力传感器electrical pressure transducer压差计differential pressure instrument液位计liquid level measuring instrument流量计flow meter压力开关pressure switch脉冲发生器pulse generator液压泵站power station空气处理单元air conditioner unit压力控制回路pressure control circuit安全回路safety circuit差动回路differential circuit调速回路flow control circuit进口节流回路meter-in circuit出口节流回路meter-out circuit同步回路synchronizing circuit开式回路open circuit闭式回路closed circuit管路布置pipe-work管卡clamper联轴器drive shaft coupling操作台control console控制屏control panel避震喉compensator粘度viscosity运动粘度kinematic viscosity密度density含水量water content闪点flash point防锈性rust protection抗腐蚀性anti-corrosive quality便携式颗粒检测仪portable particle counter 电磁阀Solenoid valve单向阀Check valve插装阀Cartridge valve叠加阀Sandwich plate valve先导阀Pilot valve液控单向阀Pilot operated check valve板式安装Sub-plate mount集成块Manifold block压力溢流阀Pressure relief valve流量阀Flow valve节流阀Throttle valve双单向节流阀Double throttle check valve 旋钮Rotary knob节流板Rectifier plate伺服阀Servo valve比例阀Proportional valve位置反馈Position feedback渐增流量Progressive flow电磁铁释放De-energizing of solenoid 二、介质类磷酸甘油酯Phosphate ester (HFD-R)水-乙二醇Water-glycol (HFC)乳化液Emulsion缓蚀剂Inhibitor合成油Synthetic lubricating oil三、液压安装工程污染Contamination灌浆Grout失效Failure点动Jog爬行Creep摩擦Abrasion（活塞杆）伸出Retract（活塞杆）缩回Extension误动作Malfunction酸洗Pickling冲洗Flushing槽式酸洗Dipping process循环Re-circulation钝化Passivity柠檬酸Nitric acid氩气Argon对接焊Butt welding套管焊Socket welding惰性气体焊Inert gas welding四、管接头Bite type fittings 卡套式管接头Tube to tube fittings接管接头union 直通接管接头union elbow 直角管接头union tee 三通管接头union cross 四通管接头Mal stud fittings 端直通管接头Bulkhead fittings 长直通管接头Weld fittings 焊接式管接头Female connector fittings 接头螺母Reducers extenders 变径管接头Banjo fittings 铰接式管接头Adjustable fittings/swivel nut 旋转接头五、伺服阀及伺服系统性能参数Dynamic response 动态频响DDV-direct drive valve 直动式伺服阀NFPA-National Fluid Power Association 美国流体控制学会Phase lag 相位滞后Nozzle flapper valve 喷嘴挡板阀Servo-jet pilot valve 射流管阀Dither 颤振电流Coil impedance 线圈阻抗Flow saturation 流量饱和Linearity 线形度Symmetry 对称性Hysterics 滞环Threshold 灵敏度Lap 滞后Pressure gain 压力增益Null 零位Null bias 零偏Null shift 零飘Frequency response 频率响应Slope 曲线斜坡液压系统（hydraulic system）执行元件（actuator）液压缸（cylinder）液压马达（motor）液压回路（circuit）压力控制回路（pressure control）流量（速度）控制回路（speed control）方向控制回路（directional valve control）安全回路（security control）定位回路（position control）同步回路（synchronise circuit）顺序动作回路（sequeunt circuit）液压泵（pump）阀（valve）压力控制阀（pressure valve）流量控制阀（flow valve）方向控制阀（directional valve）液压辅件（accessory）普通阀（common valve）插装阀（cartridge valve）叠加阀（superimposed valve）一、阀类Solenoid valve 电磁阀Check valve 单向阀Cartridge valve 插装阀Sandwich plate valve 叠加阀Pilot valve 先导阀Pilot operated check valve 液控单向阀Sub-plate mount 板式安装Manifold block 集成块Pressure relief valve 压力溢流阀Flow valve 流量阀Throttle valve 节流阀Double throttle check valve 双单向节流阀Rotary knob 旋钮Rectifier plate 节流板Servo valve 伺服阀Proportional valve 比例阀Position feedback 位置反馈Progressive flow 渐增流量De-energizing of solenoid 电磁铁释放二、介质类Phosphate ester (HFD-R) 磷酸甘油酯Water-glycol (HFC) 水-乙二醇Emulsion 乳化液Inhibitor缓蚀剂Synthetic lubricating oil 合成油。

外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)英文原文Hydraulic systemW Arnold1 IntroductionThe hydraulic station is called a hydraulic pump station and is an independent hydraulic device. It is step by step to supply oil. And control the direction of hydraulic oil flow, pressure and flow, suitable for the host and hydraulic equipment can be separated on the various hydraulic machinery.After the purchase, the user only needs to connect the hydraulic station and the actuator (hydraulic or oil motor) on the mainframe with different tubings. The hydraulic machine can realize various specified actions and working cycles.The hydraulic station is a combination of manifolds, pump units or valve assemblies, electrical boxes, and tank electrical boxes. Each part function is:The pump unit is equipped with a motor and an oil pump, which is the power source of the hydraulic station and can convert mechanical energy into hydraulic oil pressure energy.V alve combination - its plate valve is mounted on the vertical plate, and the rear plate is connected with the same function as the manifold.Oil manifolds - assembled from hydraulic valves and channel bodies. It regulates hydraulic oil pressure, direction and flow.Box--a semi-closed container for plate welding. It is also equipped with an oil screen, an air filter, etc., which is used for cooling and filtering of oil and oil.Electrical box - divided into two types: one is to set the external lead terminal board; one is equipped with a full set of control appliances.The working principle of the hydraulic station: The motor drives the oil pump to rotate, then the pump sucks oil from the oil tank and supplies oil, converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure energy, and the hydraulic oil passes through the manifold (or valve assembly) to adjust the direction, pressure and flow and then passes through the external tube. The way to the hydraulic cylinder or oil motor in the hydraulic machinery, so as to control the direction of the hydraulic motor, the strength of the speed and speed, to promote all kinds of hydraulic machinery to do work.(1) Development history of hydraulic pressureThe development history of hydraulics (including hydraulic power, the same below), pneumatics, and seals industry in China can be roughly divided into three stages, namely: the starting stage in the early 1950s to the early 60s; and the professional in the 60s and 70s. The growth stage of the production system; the 80-90's is a stage of rapid development. Among them, the hydraulic industry began in the early 1950s with thedevelopment of hydraulic machines such as Grinding Machines, broaching machines, and profiling lathes, which were produced by the machine tool industry. The hydraulic components were produced by the hydraulic workshop in the machine tool factory, and were produced for self use. After entering the 1960s, the application of hydraulic technology was gradually promoted from the machine tool to the agricultural machinery and engineering machinery. The original hydraulic workshop attached to the main engine plant was independent and became a professional manufacturer of hydraulic components. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the continuous development of mechanization of production, particularly in the provision of highly efficient and automated equipment for the second automobile manufacturing plant, the hydraulic component manufacturing industry witnessed rapid development. The batch of small and medium-sized enterprises also began to become specialized manufacturers of hydraulic parts. In 1968, the annual output of hydraulic components in China was close to 200,000 pieces. In 1973, in the fields of machine tools, agricultural machinery, construction machinery and other industries, the professional factory for the production of hydraulic parts has grown to over 100, and its annual output exceeds 1 million pieces. Such an independent hydraulic component manufacturing industry has taken shape. At this time, the hydraulic product has evolved from the original imitation Su product intoa combination of imported technology and self-designed products. The pressure has been developed towards medium and high pressures, and electro-hydraulic servo valves and systems have been developed. The application of hydraulics has been further expanded. The pneumatic industry started a few years later than hydraulics, and it was only in 1967 that it began to establish a professional pneumatic components factory. Pneumatic components began to be manufactured and sold as commodities. Its sealing industry including rubber seals, flexible graphite seals, and mechanical seals started from the production of common O-rings, oil seals, and other extruded rubber seals and asbestos seal products in the early 1950s. In the early 1960s, it began to develop and produce flexible products. Graphite seals and mechanical seals and other products. In the 1970s, a batch of batches of professional production plants began to be established one after another in the systems of the former Ministry of Combustion, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery, formally forming the industry, which laid the foundation for the development of the seal industry.In the 1980s, under the guidance of the national policy of reform and opening up, with the continuous development of the machinery industry, the contradiction between the basic components lags behind the host computer has become increasingly prominent and caused the attention of all relevant departments. To this end, the former Ministry of Machinesestablished the General Infrastructure Industry Bureau in 1982, and unified the original pneumatic, hydraulic, and seal specialties that were scattered in the industries of machine tools, agricultural machinery, and construction machinery, etc. The management of a piece of office, so that the industry in the planning, investment, the introduction of technology and scientific research and development and other aspects of the basic parts of the bureau's guidance and support. This has entered a period of rapid development, it has introduced more than 60 foreign advanced technology, of which more than 40 hydraulic, pneumatic 7, after digestion and absorption and technological transformation, are now mass production, and has become the industry's leading products . In recent years, the industry has intensified its technological transformation. From 1991 to 1998, the total investment of national, local, and corporate self-raised funds totaled about 2 billion yuan, of which more than 1.6 billion were hydraulic. After continuous technological transformation and technological breakthroughs, the technical level of a group of major enterprises has been further improved, and technological equipment has also been greatly improved, laying a good foundation for forming a high starting point, specialization, and mass production. In recent years, under the guidance of the principle of common development of multiple ownership systems in the country, various small and medium-sized enterprises with different ownership have rapidly emerged and haveshown great vitality. With the further opening up of the country, foreign-funded enterprises have developed rapidly, which plays an important role in raising industry standards and expanding exports. So far China has established joint ventures with famous manufacturers in the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries or directly established piston pumps/motors, planetary speed reducers, hydraulic control valves, steering gears, hydraulic systems, hydrostatic transmissions, and hydraulic components. The company has more than 50 manufacturing enterprises such as castings, pneumatic control valves, cylinders, gas processing triplets, rubber seals, and mechanical seals, and has attracted more than 200 million U.S. dollars in foreign capital.(2) Current statusBasic profileAfter more than 40 years of hard work, China's hydraulics, pneumatics and seals industry has formed a complete industrial system with a certain level of production capacity and technical level. According to the statistics of the third n ational industrial census in 1995, China’s state-owned, privately-owned, cooperative, village-run, individual, and “funded enterprises” have annual sales income of more than 1 million yuan in hydraulic, pneumatic, and seal industrial townships and above. There are a total of more than 1,300 companies, including about 700 hydraulics, and about 300 pneumatic and sealing parts. According to thestatistics of the international industry in 1996, the total output value of the hydraulic industry in China was about 2.448 billion yuan, accounting for the 6th in the world; the total output value of the pneumatic industry was about 419 million yuan, accounting for the world’s10 people.2. Current supply and demand profileWith the introduction of technology, independent development and technological transformation, the technical level of the first batch of high-pressure plunger pumps, vane pumps, gear pumps, general hydraulic valves, oil cylinders, oil-free pneumatic components and various types of seals has become remarkable. Improve, and can be stable mass production, provide guarantees for all types of host to improve product quality. In addition, certain achievements have also been made in the aspects of CAD, pollution control, and proportional servo technology for hydraulic pneumatic components and systems, and have been used for production. So far, the hydraulic, pneumatic and seal products have a total of about 3,000 varieties and more than 23,000 specifications. Among them, there are about 1,200 types of hydraulic pressure, more than 10,000 specifications (including 60 types of hydrodynamic products, 500 specifications); about 1350 types of pneumatic, more than 8,000 specifications; there are also 350 types of rubber seals, more than 5000 The specifications are now basically able to adapt to the general needs ofvarious types of mainframe products. The matching rate for major equipment sets can reach more than 60%, and a small amount of exports has started.In 1998, the domestic production of hydraulic components was 4.8 million pieces, with sales of about 2.8 billion yuan (of which mechanical systems accounted for 70%); output of pneumatic components was 3.6 million pieces, and sales were about 550 million yuan (including mechanical systems accounting for about 60%) The production of seals is about 800 million pieces, and the sales volume is about 1 billion yuan (including about 50% of mechanical systems). According to the statistics of the annual report of the China Hydraulic and Pneumatic Sealing Industry Association in 1998, the production and sales rate of hydraulic products was 97.5% (101% of hydraulic power), 95.9% of air pressure, and 98.7% of seal. This fully reflects the basic convergence of production and sales.Although China's hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industries have made great progress, there are still many gaps compared with the development needs of the mainframe and the world's advanced level, which are mainly reflected in the variety, performance and reliability of products. . Take hydraulic products as an example, the product varieties are only 1/3 of the foreign country, and the life expectancy is 1/2 of that of foreign countries. In order to meet the needs of key hosts, imported hosts, and majortechnical equipment, China has a large number of imported hydraulic, pneumatic, and sealing products every year. According to customs statistics and relevant data analysis, in 1998, the import volume of hydraulic, pneumatic and seal products was about 200 million U.S. dollars, of which the hydraulic pressure was about 140 million U.S. dollars, the pneumatics were 30 million U.S. dollars, and the seal was about 0.3 billion U.S. dollars. The year is slightly lower. In terms of amount, the current domestic market share of imported products is about 30%. In 1998, the total demand for hydraulic parts in the domestic market was about 6 million pieces, and the total sales volume was 4 billion yuan; the total demand for pneumatic parts was about 5 million pieces, and the total sales volume was over 700 million yuan; the total demand for seals was about 1.1 billion yuan. Pieces, total sales of about 1.3 billion yuan. (3) Future developments1. The main factors affecting development(1) The company's product development capability is not strong, and the level and speed of technology development can not fully meet the current needs for advanced mainframe products, major technical equipment and imported equipment and maintenance;(2) Many companies have lagged behind in manufacturing process, equipment level and management level, and their sense of quality is not strong, resulting in low level of product performance, unstable quality,poor reliability, and insufficiency of service, and lack of user satisfaction. And trusted branded products;(3) The degree of professional specialization in the industry is low, the power is scattered, the duplication of the low level is serious, the product convergence between the region and the enterprise leads to blind competition, and the prices are reduced each other, thus the efficiency of the enterprise is reduced, the funds are lacking, and the turnover is difficult. Insufficient investment in development and technological transformation has severely restricted the overall level of the industry and its competitive strength.(4) When the degree of internationalization of the domestic market is increasing, foreign companies have gradually entered the Chinese market to participate in competition, coupled with the rise of domestic private, cooperative, foreign-funded, and individual enterprises, resulting in increasing impact on state-owned enterprises. .2. Development trendWith the continuous deepening of the socialist market economy, the relationship between supply and demand in the hydraulic, pneumatic and sealed products has undergone major changes. The seller market characterized by “shortage” has basically become a buyer’s market characterized by “structured surplus”. Replaced by. From the perspective of overall capacity, it is already in a trend of oversupply, and in particular,general low-grade hydraulic, pneumatic and seals are generally oversupply; and like high-tech products with high technological content and high value and high value-added products that are urgently needed by the host, Can not meet the needs of the market, can only rely on imports. After China's entry into the WTO, its impact may be greater. Therefore, during the “10th Five-Y ear Plan” period, the growth of the industry’s output value must not only rely on the growth of quantity. Instead, it should focus on the structural contradiction of the industry and intensify efforts to adjust the industrial structure and product structure. It should be based on the improvement of quality. Product technology upgrades in order to adapt to and stimulate market demand, and seek greater development.2. Hydraulic application on power slide(1) Introduction of Power Sliding TableUsing the binding force curve diagram and the state space analysis method to analyze and study the sliding effect and the smoothness of the sliding table of the combined machine tool, the dynamics of the hydraulic drive system of the sliding table—the self-regulating back pressure regulating system are established. mathematical model. Through the digital simulation system of the computer, the causes and main influencing factors of the slide impact and the motion instability are analyzed. What kind of conclusions can be drawn from those, if we canreasonably design the structural dimensions of hydraulic cylinders and self-regulating back pressure regulators ——The symbols used in the text are as follows:s 1 - flow source, that is, the flow rate of the governor valve outlet;S el —— sliding friction of the sliding table;R - the equivalent viscous friction coefficient of the slide;I 1 - quality of slides and cylinders;12 - self-adjusting back pressure valve core quality;C 1, c 2 - liquid volume without cylinder chamber and rod chamber;C 2 - Self-adjusting back pressure valve spring compliance;R 1, R2 - Self-adjusting back pressure valve damping orifice fluid resistance;R 9 - Self-adjusting back pressure valve valve fluid resistance;S e2——initial pre-tightening force of self-adjusting back pressure valve spring;I 4, I5 - Equivalent liquid sense of the pipeline;C 5, C 6 - equivalent liquid capacity of the pipeline;R 5, R7 - Equivalent liquid resistance of the pipeline;V 3, V4 - cylinder rodless cavity and rod cavity volume;P 3, P4—pressure of the rodless cavity and rod cavity of the cylinder;F - the slide bears the load;V - speed of slide motion;In this paper, the power bond diagram and the state space splitting method are used to establish the system's motion mathematical model, and the dynamic characteristics of the slide table can be significantly improved.In the normal operation of the combined machine tool, the magnitude of the speed of the slide, its direction and the load changes it undergoes will affect its performance in varying degrees. Especially in the process of work-in-process, the unsteady movement caused by the advancing of the load on the slide table and the cyclical change of the load will affect the surface quality of the workpiece to be machined. In severe cases, the tool will break. According to the requirements of the Dalian Machine Tool Plant, the author used the binding force curve diagram and the state space analysis method to establish a dynamic mathematical model of a self-adjusting back pressure and speed adjustment system for the new hydraulic drive system of the combined machine tool slide. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics of the sliding table, it is necessary to analyze the causes and main influencing factors of the impetus and movement of the sliding table. However, it must pass the computer's digital simulation and the final results obtained from the research.(2) Dynamic Mathematical ModelThe working principle diagram of the self-adjusting back pressure speedregulation system of the combined machine tool slide hydraulic drive system is shown in the figure. This system is used to complete the work-cycle-stop-rewind. When the sliding table is working, the three-position four-way reversing valve is in the illustrated position. The oil supply pressure of the oil pump will remain approximately constant under the effective action of the overflow valve, and the oil flow passes through the reversing valve and adjusts the speed. The valve enters the rodless chamber of the cylinder to push the slide forward. At the same time, the pressurized oil discharged from the rod chamber of the cylinder will flow back to the tank through the self-regulating back pressure valve and the reversing valve. During this process, there was no change in the operating status of both the one-way valve and the relief valve. The complex and nonlinear system of the hydraulic drive system of the self-adjusting back pressure governor system is a kind of self-adjusting back-pressure governor system. To facilitate the study of its dynamic characteristics, a simple and reasonable dynamic mathematical model that only considers the main influencing factors is established. Especially important [1][2]. From the theoretical analysis and the experimental study, we can see that the system process time is much longer than the process time of the speed control valve. When the effective pressure bearing area of the rodless cavity of the fuel tank is large, the flow rate at the outlet of the speed control valve is instantaneous. The overshoot is reflected in thesmall change in speed of the slide motion [2]. In order to further broaden and deeply study the dynamic characteristics of the system so that the research work can be effectively performed on a miniature computer, this article will further simplify the original model [2], assuming that the speed control valve is output during the entire system pass. When the flow is constant, this is considered to be the source of the flow. The schematic diagram of the dynamic model structure of this system is shown in Fig. 2. It consists of a cylinder, a sliding table, a self-adjusting back pressure valve, and a connecting pipe.The power bond graph is a power flow graph. It is based on the transmission mode of the system energy, based on the actual structure, and uses the centralized parameters to represent the role of the subsystems abstractly as a resistive element R, a perceptual element I, and a capacitive element. Three kinds of role of C. Using this method, the physical concept of modeling is clear, and combined with the state-space analysis method, the linear system can be described and analyzed more accurately. This method is an effective method to study the dynamic characteristics of complex nonlinear systems in the time domain. According to the main characteristics of each component of the self-adjusting back pressure control system and the modeling rules [1], the power bond diagram of the system is obtained. The upper half of each key in the figure represents the power flow. The two variables that makeup the power are the force variables (oil pressure P and force F) and the flow variables (flow q and velocity v). The O node indicates that the system is connected in parallel, and the force variables on each key are equal and the sum of the flow variables is zero; 1 The nodes represent the series connection in the system, the flow variables on each key are equal and the sum of the force variables is Zero. TF denotes a transformer between different energy forms. The TF subscripted letter represents the conversion ratio of the flow variable or the force variable. The short bar on the key indicates the causal relationship between the two variables on the key. The full arrow indicates the control relationship. There are integral or differential relationships between the force and flow variables of the capacitive and perceptual elements in the three types of action elements. Therefore, a complex nonlinear equation of state with nine state variables can be derived from Fig. 3 . In this paper, the research on the dynamic characteristics of the sliding table starts from the two aspects of the slide's hedging and the smoothness of the motion. The fourth-order fixed-length Runge-Kutta is used for digital simulation on the IBM-PC microcomputer.(3) Slide advanceThe swaying phenomenon of the slide table is caused by the sudden disappearance of the load acting on the slide table (such as drilling work conditions). In this process, the table load F, the moving speed V, and thepressure in the two chambers of the cylinder P3 and P4 can be seen from the simulation results in Fig. 4. When the sliding table moves at a uniform speed under the load, the oil pressure in the rodless cavity of the oil cylinder is high, and a large amount of energy is accumulated in the oil. When the load suddenly disappears, the oil pressure of the cavity is rapidly reduced, and the oil is rapidly reduced. When the high-pressure state is transferred to the low-pressure state, a lot of energy is released to the system, resulting in a high-speed forward impact of the slide. However, the front slide of the sliding table causes the pressure in the rod cavity of the oil cylinder to cause the back pressure to rise, thereby consuming part of the energy in the system, which has a certain effect on the kicking of the slide table. We should see that in the studied system, the inlet pressure of the self-adjusting back pressure valve is subject to the comprehensive effect of the two-chamber oil pressure of the oil cylinder. When the load suddenly disappears, the pressure of the self-adjusting back pressure valve rapidly rises and stably exceeds the initial back pressure value. It can be seen from the figure that self-adjusting back pressure in the speed control system when the load disappears, the back pressure of the cylinder rises more than the traditional speed control system, so the oil in the rod cavity of the cylinder absorbs more energy, resulting in the amount of forward momentum of the slide It will be about 20% smaller than traditionalspeed control systems. It can be seen from this that the use of self-adjusting back-gear speed control system as a drive system slider has good characteristics in suppressing the forward punch, in which the self-adjusting back pressure valve plays a very large role.(4) The smoothness of the slideWhen the load acting on the slide changes periodically (such as in the case of milling), the speed of the slide will have to fluctuate. In order to ensure the processing quality requirements, it must reduce its speed fluctuation range as much as possible. From the perspective of the convenience of the discussion of the problem, assume that the load changes according to a sine wave law, and the resulting digital simulation results are shown in Figure 5. From this we can see that this system has the same variation rules and very close numerical values as the conventional speed control system. The reason is that when the change of the load is not large, the pressure in the two chambers of the fuel tank will not have a large change, which will eventually lead to the self-regulating back pressure valve not showing its effect clearly.(5) Improvement measuresThe results of the research show that the dynamic performance of a sliding table with self-regulating back pressure control system as a drive system is better than that of a traditional speed control system. To reduce the amount of kick in the slide, it is necessary to rapidly increase the backpressure of the rod cavity when the load disappears. To increase the smoothness of the sliding table, it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the system. The main measure is to reduce the volume of oil. From the system structure, it is known that the cylinder has a large volume between the rod cavity and the oil discharge pipe, as shown in Fig. 6a. Its existence in terms of delay and attenuation of the self-regulating back pressure valve function, on the other hand, also reduces the rigidity of the system, it will limit the further improvement of the propulsion characteristics and the smoothness of the motion. Thus, improving the dynamic characteristics of the sliding table can be handled by two methods: changing the cylinder volume or changing the size of the self-regulating back pressure valve. Through the simulation calculation of the structural parameters of the system and the comparison of the results, it can be concluded that the ratio of the volume V4 between the rod cavity and the oil discharge pipe to the volume V3 between the rodless cavity and the oil inlet pipe is changed from 5.5 to 5.5. At 1 oclock, as shown in the figure, the diameter of the bottom end of the self-adjusting back pressure valve is increased from the original 10mm to 13mm, and the length of the damper triangle groove is reduced from the original lmm to 0.7mm, which will enable the front of the slide table. The impulse is reduced by 30%, the transition time is obviously shortened, and the smoothness of the slide motion will also be greatly improved.中文译文液压系统W Arnold1. 绪论液压站称液压泵站,是独立的液压装置。

Hydraulic SystemThere are only three basic methods of transmitting power: electrical, mechanical, and fluid power. Most applications actually use a combination of the three methods to obtain the most efficient overall system. To properly determine which principle method to use, it is important to know the salient features of each type. For example, fluid systems can transmit power more economically over greater distances than can mechanical types. However, fluid systems are restricted to shorter distances than are electrical systems.Hydraulic power transmission system are concerned with the generation, modulation, and control of pressure and flow, and in general such systems include:1.Pumps which convert available power from the prime mover to hydraulic power at the actuator.2.Valves which control the direction of pump-flow, the level of power produced, and the amount of fluid-flow to the actuators. The power level is determined by controlling both the flow and pressure level.3.Actuators which convert hydraulic power to usable mechanical power output at the point required.4.The medium, which is a liquid, provides rigid transmission and control as well as lubrication of components, sealing in valves, and cooling of the system.5.Connectors which link the various system components, provide power conductors for the fluid under pressure, and fluid flow return to tank (reservoir).6.Fluid storage and conditioning equipment which ensure sufficient quality and quantity as well as cooling of the fluid.Hydraulic systems are used in industrial applications such as stamping presses, steel mills , and general manufacturing , agricultural machines , mining industry , aviation , space technology , deep-sea exploration ,transportation , marinetechnology , and offshore gas petroleum exploration . In short, very few people get through a day of their lives without somehow benefiting from the technology of hydraulics.The secret of hydraulic system’s success and widespread use is its versatility and manageability. Fluid power is not hindered by the geometry of the machine as is the case in mechanical systems. Also, power can be transmitted in almost limitless quantities because fluid systems are not so limited by the physical limitations of materials as are the electrical systems. For example, the performance of an electromagnet is limited by the saturation limit of steel. On the other hand, the power limit of fluid systems is limited only by the strength capacity of the material.Industry is going to depend more and more on automation in order to increase productivity. This includes remote and direct control of production operations, manufacturing processes, and materials handling. Fluid power is the muscle of automation because of advantages in the following four major categories.Ease and accuracy of control. By the use of simple levers and push buttons, the operator of a fluid power systems can readily start, stop, speed up or slow down, and position force which provide any desired horsepower with tolerances as precise as one ten-thousandth of an inch.Multiplication of force. A fluid power system (without using cumbersome gears, pulleys, and levers) can multiply forces simply and efficiently from a fraction of an ounce to several hundred tons of output.Constant force or torque. Only fluid power systems are capable of providing constant force or torque regardless of speed changes. This is accomplished whether the work output moves a few inches per hour, several hundred inches per minute, a few revolutions per hour, or thousands of revolutions per minute.Simplicity, safety, economy. In general, fluid power systems use fewer movingparts than comparable mechanical or electrical systems. Thus, they are simpler to maintain and operate. This, in turn, maximizes safety, compactness, and reliability. For example, a new power steering control designed has made all other kinds of power systems obsolete on many off-highway vehicles. The steering unit consists of a manually operated directional control valve and meter in a single body. Because the sterring unit is fully fluid-linked, mechanical linkages, universal joints, bearings, reduction gears, ect . are eliminated. This provides a simple,compact systems.In addition, very little input torque is required to produce the control needed for the toughest applications. This is important where limitations of control space require a small sterring wheel and it becomes necessary to reduce operator fatigue.Additional benefits of fluid power systems include instantly reversible motion, automatic protection against overloads, and infinitely variable speed control. Fluid power systems also have the highest horsepower per weight ratio of any known power source. In spite of all these highly desirable features of fluid power, it is not a panacea for all power transmission problems. Hydraulic systems also have some drawbacks. Hydraulic oils are messy, and leakage is impossible to completely. Also, most hydraulic oils can cause fires if an oil leak occurs in area of hot equipment. There are only three basic methods of transmitting power: electrical, mechanical, and fluid power. Most applications actually use a combination of the three methods to obtain the most efficient overall system. To properly determine which principle method to use, it is important to know the salient features of each type. For example, fluid systems can transmit power more economically over greater distances than can mechanical types. However, fluid systems are restricted to shorter distances than are electrical systems.Hydraulic power transmission system are concerned with the generation, modulation, and control of pressure and flow, and in general such systems include:Pumps which convert available power from the prime mover to hydraulic power at the actuator.Valves which control the direction of pump-flow, the level of power produced, and the amount of fluid-flow to the actuators. The power level is determined by controlling both the flow and pressure level.Actuators which convert hydraulic power to usable mechanical power output at the point required.The medium, which is a liquid, provides rigid transmission and control as well as lubrication of components, sealing in valves, and cooling of the system.Connectors which link the various system components, provide power conductors for the fluid under pressure, and fluid flow return to tank (reservoir).Fluid storage and conditioning equipment which ensure sufficient quality and quantity as well as cooling of the fluid.Hydraulic systems are used in industrial applications such as stamping presses, steel mills , and general manufacturing , agricultural machines , mining industry , aviation , space technology , deep-sea exploration ,transportation , marine technology , and offshore gas petroleum exploration . In short, very few people get through a day of their lives without somehow benefiting from the technology of hydraulics.The secret of hydraulic system’s success and widespread use is its versatility and manageability. Fluid power is not hindered by the geometry of the machine as is the case in mechanical systems. Also, power can be transmitted in almost limitless quantities because fluid systems are not so limited by the physical limitations of materials as are the electrical systems. For example, the performance of an electromagnet is limited by the saturation limit of steel. On the other hand, the power limit of fluid systems is limited only by the strength capacity of the material.Industry is going to depend more and more on automation in order to increase productivity. This includes remote and direct control of production operations, manufacturing processes, and materials handling. Fluid power is the muscle of automation because of advantages in the following four major categories.1. Ease and accuracy of control. By the use of simple levers and push buttons, the operator of a fluid power systems can readily start, stop, speed up or slow down, and position force which provide any desired horsepower with tolerances as precise as one ten-thousandth of an inch.2. Multiplication of force. A fluid power system (without using cumbersome gears, pulleys, and levers) can multiply forces simply and efficiently from a fraction of an ounce to several hundred tons of output.3. Constant force or torque. Only fluid power systems are capable of providing constant force or torque regardless of speed changes. This is accomplished whether the work output moves a few inches per hour, several hundred inches per minute, a few revolutions per hour, or thousands of revolutions per minute.4. Simplicity, safety, economy. In general, fluid power systems use fewer moving parts than comparable mechanical or electrical systems. Thus, they are simpler to maintain and operate. This, in turn, maximizes safety, compactness, and reliability. For example, a new power steering control designed has made all other kinds of power systems obsolete on many off-highway vehicles. The steering unit consists of a manually operated directional control valve and meter in a single body. Because the sterring unit is fully fluid-linked, mechanical linkages, universal joints, bearings, reduction gears, ect . are eliminated. This provides a simple,compact systems.In addition, very little input torque is required to produce the control needed for the toughest applications. This is important where limitations of controlspace require a small sterring wheel and it becomes necessary to reduce operator fatigue.Additional benefits of fluid power systems include instantly reversible motion, automatic protection against overloads, and infinitely variable speed control. Fluid power systems also have the highest horsepower per weight ratio of any known power source. In spite of all these highly desirable features of fluid power, it is not a panacea for all power transmission problems. Hydraulic systems also have some drawbacks. Hydraulic oils are messy, and leakage is impossible to completely. Also, most hydraulic oils can cause fires if an oil leak occurs in area of hot equipment.液压系统仅有以下三种基本方法传递动力：电气，机械和流体。

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中英文资料对照外文翻译The hydraulic system constitutionhydraulic system composition department wind and the function, widely is applying on each kind of mechanical device the hydraulic system, the use has the continual fluid fat liquor now, actuates through the hydraulic pump the hydraulic pump the electric motor or the engine mechanical energy transforms the fat liquor the pressure energy, passes through each kind of control valve, delivers took the actuator in the hydraulic cylinder motor, transforms again while the mechanical power actuates the load. Constitutes such hydraulic system each constituent and the function. The hydraulic system characteristic and the use hydraulic pressure took one transmission technology, has its prominent merit:Can produce the very big power, moreover controls easily; May use the pump to obtain very the high pressure (20-30MPa) hydraulic fluid very easily, sends in this pressure oil the hydraulic cylinder then to produce the very big strength; Can in the very wide scope the limitless speed change; To altogether gives the oil motor or the hydraulic cylinder current capacity with the control valve carries on the stepless adjustment, then at will controls its revolving or the translation speed; Very easy to prevent the overload, the security is big; The size slightly strives in a big way, installs the position to be possible the free choice; Output strength adjustment simple accurate, but long-distance control.Hydraulic system use and service, in order to guarantee the mechanical device non-breakdown the work, must follow the factory the use service request.The hydraulic system is infinitely varied, took the different machinery a constituent, its use matters needing attentionalso differ from naturally.The hydraulic system uses and services the duty including the debugging, the inspection, the service and the repair. How debugs? The debugging is causes the new equipment to put the operation or to cause the original equipment to put the operation a series of activities, including the installment, the oil injection, the flushing, the adjustment, runs gathers. The inspection is examined system active status and function is whether correct, including the observation, the survey and tries to move.The maintenance is refers to the guarantee system the normal function, the few attrition and the replacement wearing parts, including the cleaning up and the replacement components, namely trades the oil, trades ponders the core, trades the seal.The repair is system reply function a series of activities which causes to crash.First must according to the breakdown phenomenon determine expires the spot and verifies the expiration reason, this is the so-called breakdown diagnosis. Then the replacement expiration part, makes the mechanical device to restore the work, this named repair.The expiration part should return the plant to repair.Time use service matters needing attention: When security, use and service hydraulic system, when most important question pays attention to the security, for guarantees the security, has the pressure when the system does not have to loosen the pipe connection, the screw joint or the part.Certainly must put first down the load, causes the pump engine off and releases the accumulator the pressure oil, then opens the thing again, does not have the oil used to work. Although many practical security taboo into general knowledge, but the attention often concentrates in the breakdown phenomenon, but neglects the latent danger.Therefore, in starts to repair the system reason this implementation standardization the engine off procedure, after the repair draws up invests the movement, should implement standardized the again start procedure:Engine off procedure it including following several aspects:1. Puts the low suspension the load or carries on the machinery supports and protections to it.2. Release system3. In release accumulator pressure oil4. Release pressure intensifier both sides pressure oil5. Cut-off electricity control system6.DumpStarts the procedure including following several aspects:1. Elimination expiration root2. If the component failure or the replacement period pollutant enters the system, then according to needs to clean up or the flushing system3. Confirms the part correctly unmistakable4. Confirms the hydraulic pressure connection correctly unmistakable5. Confirms the electrical connection correctly unmistakable6. Adjustable part to secure state7. Fills the oil for the pump and the motor shell8. According to needs to refuel to the system and to deflate9. Relieves the secure interconnection to protect10. Calls the alarm bell and the notice all presents the personnel soon to restart11.Starting systemThe item which this is carries on when service must pay attention, in regarding its sanitary, when service also must pay attention, when service hydraulic system, must do utmost the attention absolutely clean Arab League condition, because the pollutant is the hydraulic system most dangerous enemy.Does not have to carry on the polish and the welding work in the service hydraulic system scene. Loosens in front of the thread must its outside clean first cleanly.With clean returns to protects changes passes over the system the interior to use to open the mouth to seal, guards against the pollutant to enter thesystem.Cleans up when the fuel tank does not permit the use cotton and kapok silk and the rags.Must pass through the filter to the system oil injection.In the tubing, refuels with the flushing is the maintenance clean important link, its matters needing attention are as follows:1. The tubing pipe or the hose damage when must replace immediately.When chooses the pipe, the hose, the screw connector or the flange, must guarantee the pressure rated value (i.e. wall thickness, material quality and so on) satisfy the operation requirements.The hard tube must use the seamless steel pipe.The steel pipe and the metal pipe connection must clean absolutely before the installment, does not have the oil dirt, to scale, the welding, the scrap and so on.May use the steel wire brush, the tube cleaner to clean up or the acid pickling.In front of the acid pickling pipe must carry on degreasing processing, after the acid pickling must clean thoroughly. After cutting in the pipe bank or ridge between fields should the articulation awl hole, remove the burr which possibly has, but cannot ream excessively in order to avoid sells the weak connection.After assembly the pipe does not have again to weld or the gas welding, because is unable to clean up.The hose should the curved several times in order to release any detention the dirty thing.In front of the elbow piece the tubing wants the annealing, prevented when elbow piece the corrugation or changes flat.Wants the accurate elbow piece, enable the pipe then not to arrive after the elastic deformation. The flange must in the fitting surface coordinate smoothly before, and with the length suitable bolt fastening, whether there is the screw connector does install should inspect in the thread the metal burr, in the straight thread does not permit the use seal bandage.If the drive pipe must deposit period of time, should stop up the orifice to prevent the foreign matter enters.But does not have to use the rags or other moves the capital to stop up the orifice, because this only can bring the contamination concern, should use the size appropriate seal cap.2. Refuels the oil drum to want horizontal-type depositing, as far as possible deposits in the room or the awning, opens in front of the oil tung, cleans the barrel to go against and the bung thoroughly, prevented the soil and other outside pollutant enter the fat liquor.Only with the clean vessel, the hose and so on transports the fat liquor from the oil drum to the fuel tank.The recommendation with has at least in the 25um filter feeding pump. Provides 200 goals in the fuel tank oiling tube to ponder the net.The filter is actually specially for the system need oil fluid variety use.Sometimes also discovers the pollutant in the new fat liquor, therefore should for work through the portable purifier the hydraulic system tops up. When portable purifier hose involvement fuel tank, should use cloth attachment cleaning which clean does not shed hair to be clean, prevented the soil and other impurities enter the system.3.Before flushing flushing should take down the precise system part, but installs the pipe nipple in its position or hollow.From the main pipeline which flushes is dismantled the system to ponder the core.The flushing current capacity should for the system anticipated current capacity 2-2.5 times.If possible, use heat flush fluid (85℃).Each time only flushes a leg, from most approaches the wash out pump the return route start, to the downstream advancement, this possibly must additionally build in turn in the system up to the valve, realizes this kind of plan. Cannot use the system pump to take the wash out pump.Generally speaking, the power type pump like centrifugal pump and so on may provide the enough flood peak and the great current capacity, the movement quite is economical, and to flushes the period circulation the pollutant to have the good es the capacity in the flushing system with to use the flushing filter which the current capacity matches, the filtration precision to be as far as possible high, does not have to be lower than the recommendation system filtration precision. If has the possibility, uses the assistance to flush the fuel tank to avoid the pollutant being detained in the system fuel tank.The establishment fat liquor sample plan inspects dustiness, thus determined when finished the flushing procedure.After flushing, takes all measures to prevent when rewiring work part leads the pollutant.4.The replacement part part model must correct unmistakable.When if cannot find the similar model the part to have to use the similar part substitutes, must pay attention to the function, the parameter, the connection size is whether consistent, but also must pay attention installs the position, the ambient temperature, the working voltage and so on.The old seal packing collar must replace, does not permit two uses.The bolt and the screw connector must even screw tight the big stipulation the torque, prevents the part distortion influence work. The adjustable part like delivery valve, the flow valve, the variable displacement pump and so on must establish.5.When accumulator accumulator pressure vessel, Asia locality related safety rule compulsory control.In is loaded with on the accumulator hydraulic system carries on in front of any work, must first download the system pressure.The accumulator shell does not permit the welding and the processing, does not repair when possibly causes the serious accident, therefore must have to repair the accumulator returns delivers the plant to carry on the repair.Hydraulic pump selection: The hydraulic pump is the hydraulic system power supply.Must select can adapt the pressure which the actuator requests to have the return route pump, simultaneously must consider fully the reliability, the life Maintainability one side and so on elect the pump can plant the long-term movement in the system.The hydraulic pump type are extremely many, its characteristic also has the very big difference. Chooses when the hydraulic pump must consider the factor has working pressure, current capacity, rotational speed, quota or variable, variable way, volumetric efficiency, overall effectiveness index, the prime mover type, the noise, the pressure oscillation rate, self-absorption ability and so on, but also must consider and the hydraulic fluid compatibility, the size, the weight, the economy, Maintainability, these factors.The hydraulic pump discharge pressure should be the actuator needs the pressure, the tubing pressure loses, the control valve sum of pressure loss, it does not have to surpass in the sample the rated pressure, when the emphasis security, the reliability.Also should leave leeway the big leeway.In when sample highest working pressure when short-term impact permits pressure.If each circulation plants all has the impact pressure, the pump life can reduce obviously, even the pump can damage.Hydraulic pump life: The hydraulic pump is the hydraulic system power part, its function is transforms the prime mover mechanical energy the liquid the pressure energy, refers to in the hydraulic system the oil pump, it provides the power to the entire hydraulic system.Hydraulic pump structural style common toothed wheel pump, vane pump and ram pump. Affects the hydraulic pump the service life factor to be very many, except outside pump own design, manufacture factor and some with pump use Guanyuan (for example shaft coupling, oil filter and so on) selects, in the test run movement process operation and so on also concerns.1.The air compressorselects the air compressor the basis is the working pressure and the current capacity which the pneumatic system needs.At present, the pneumatic system commonly used working pressure is 0.5~0.8MPa, may select the rated pressure is directly the 0.7~1MPa low-pressure air compressor, the special need fluid may select, high-pressured or the ultrahigh voltage air compressor. When determination air compressor air displacement, should satisfy the biggest gas consumption which each air operated equipment needs (to be supposed to transform into free air gas consumption) the sum.(1) was mad the source refining equipmentgeneral use the air compressor all uses the oil lubrication, the air is compressed in the air compressor, the temperature may elevate 140~170℃, by now were partial the lubricating oil to turn the gas, mixed in the compressed air, in addition in the air water and the dust, formed included mix impurity and so on the water vapor, oil gas, dust compressed air.Ifprovides this kind of compressed air to the air operated equipment use, will be able to have following adverse consequences:Gathers in the compressed air the oil gas to gather in the gas storage fills forms the combustible, even has the detonation danger; Simultaneously the oil vaporizes after the high temperature forms the organic acid, causes the hardware to corrode, affects the equipment the life.(2)The mix impurity deposition in the pipeline and the air operated part, causes to pass flows the area to reduce, circulation drag increment, the overall system work is unstable, when serious, system knock off.(3)In the compressed air water vapor can congeal the waterdrop under certain pressure and the temperature, can cause the pipeline and the assistance part in the cold season because of freezes destroys.(4)In the compressed air dust has the abrasive action to the air operated part movement part, causes it attrition to be serious, affects their life.Thus it can be seen, establishes in the pneumatic system eliminates the water, eliminates the oil, the dust removal and dry and so on was mad the source refining equipment is extremely essential.Second, the air operated assistance partair operated part interior has many relative slippers, somewhat relative slipper depends on the seal packing collar to seal.In order to reduce transports the moving parts relatively the friction force, guaranteed the part movement is normal; In order to reduce the packing material the attrition, prevents divulging; In order to prevent the pipeline and the metal part corrosion, lengthens the part service life, guaranteed the good lubrication is extremely important.The lubrication may not divide into and spurts the mist lubrication for the oil lubrication.Some many air operated application domain does not allow to spurt the mist lubrication.If food and the drugs packing, in the transportation process, the oil granule returns to pollution food and the drugs; The oil granule can affect certain raw material for industry, the chemicals nature; The oil mist can affect the high-level spray coating surface and the electronic component surface quality; The oil mist can affect the measuring instrument true the survey; The oil mist can harm the human body health and so on.Therefore at present uses the mist lubrication to reduce gradually, does not give the oil lubrication already very popularly.Still did not use the rubber material for the oil lubrication to take the glide spot the seal, but sealed has the detention tank special structure, in order to memory lubricant.Other components should use not the easy rusty metal material or the nonmetallic material.For the oil lubrication part also may not to the oil use, once but gives the oil, does not have the midway to stop feed.At the same time, must prevent the condensed water enters in the part, in order to avoid flushes the lubricant.Not only has not saved the lubricating utensils and the lubricating oil for the oil lubrication part, improved the working conditions, moreover reduced the maintenance work load, reduced the cost.Moreover, also improved the lubrication condition.Its lubrication effect with the transit discharge, the pressure height, the tubing condition and so on all has nothing to do with.Also does not exist forgot refuels creates the breakdown the matter.The mist lubrication part has the oil mist and the centralism lubrication part two kinds.In (1) pneumatic system each kind of air valve, the air cylinder, the gas motor and so on, its movable part all needs to lubricate, but take the compressed air all seals the air chamber as the power air operated part, cannot use the general method oil injection, only can mix in by some method the oil in the air current, the belt to the place which needs to lubricate.The oil mist is this kind of kind of special oil injection installment.After it causes the lubrication oilatomization to pour into in the air current, enters the part along with the air which needs to lubricate. Refuels with this method, has the lubrication to be even, to be stable, the oil consumption few and does not need characteristics and so on big oil storage equipment.(2) air strainer is in the pneumatic system important link, is further filters the dust compressed air the impurity.The filter form are very many, the commonly used type includes: The disposable filter and two filter, have been requesting the high special occasion, may use the highly effective filter.99. In the pneumatic actuator system, called generally the filter, the oil mist, the pressure relief valve for air operated three association (or three big-ticket items), are in the pneumatic system the essential auxiliary unit.(3) silencerpneumatic circuit and the hydraulic pressure return route are different, it does not suppose the exhaust pipeline generally, after the compressed air use the direct platoon person atmosphere, because the gas rapidly inflation and forms the turbulent flow phenomenon, will have the intense exhaust noise.The exhaust speed and the power are bigger, the exhaust noise is bigger, may generally big 100~200dB.The noise harms people's physical and moral integrity directly, must eliminate or weaken.For the noise reduction, generally often installs the silencer in the pneumatic system air vent.The air operated functional elementair operated functional element is transforms in the pneumatic system the compressed air pressure energy the mechanical energy the part.It including air cylinder friendly motor.The air cylinder uses in realizing the straight reciprocating motion or swinging, was mad the motor uses in realizing the continual gyroscopic motion.First, The air cylinderair cylinder is in the pneumatic system the most commonly used one kind of functional element, compares with the hydraulic cylinder, it has the structure simply, pollutes, the movement few keen, responded quick, easy to make, easily to service, the cost low status merit, but because the thrust force is small, widely uses in the underloading system.(1) The air cylinder classifiedbasis air cylinder exploitation conditions are different, its structure, the shape, the type are very many, below introduces several kind of classifications.May divide into according to the compressed air function in the piston end surface direction: List function air cylinder and double-acting air cylinder.(2)Different may divide into according to the structure characteristic: Plunger-type air cylinder, plunger air cylinder, film air cylinder, leaf blade type oscillating cylinder, gear strip type oscillating cylinder and so on.(3) May divide into according to the air cylinder function: Ordinary air cylinder and special air cylinder.The ordinary air cylinder refers to the general plunger-type air cylinder, uses in the not special request the situation.The special air cylinder uses in having the special request situation, like was mad - - the fluid damping cylinder, the film air cylinder, flush are mad the air cylinder, the expansion and contraction air cylinder and so on.(4) According to installs the way differently to be possible to divide into: The ear place type, the flange type, sell the shaft type and the flange type and so on.(二)Common air cylinder principle of work and applicationThe ordinary air cylinder principle of work and the use are similar to the hydraulic cylinder, here no longer give unnecessary detail, below only introduces the special air cylinder.1. Is mad - - the fluid damping cylinderbecause the ordinary air cylinder works time, the compressed gas condensibility is big, when the outside work load change is big, the air cylinder appears “crawling” or “self-propelled” the phenomenon, the stability When therefore the equip ment precision is high, the air cylinder work stable request is also high, often uses was mad - - the fluiddamping cylinder is becomes by the air cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder combination, take the compressed air as an energy, by the hydraulic fluid took the control adjustment air cylinder velocity of movement the medium, the use liquid incompressibility control liquid displacement, adjusts the piston the velocity of movement, obtains the piston the steady motion.2. The film air cylinderfilm type air cylinder is replaces the piston by the thin film the air cylinder.It mainly by the cylinder body, the diaphragm, the diaphragm capsule and the connecting rod and so on the major parts is composed.Has the list to affect the type and the double-acting type.液压系统的构成液压系统的组成部风及其作用，如今在各种机械设备上广泛应用着的液压系统,使用具有连续流动性的油液,通过液压泵把驱动液压泵的电动机或发动机的机械能转换成油液的压力能,经过各种控制阀,送到作为执行器的液压缸马达中,再转换乘机械动力去驱动负载.构成这样的液压系统的各个组成部分及其作用.液压系统的特点和用途液压作为一种传动技术,有其突出的优点:能产生很大的动力,而且控制容易；可以用泵很容易地得到很高压力(20-30MPa)的液压油,把此压力油送入液压缸即可产生很大的力；能在很宽范围内无极变速；用控制阀对共给液压马达或液压缸的流量进行无级调整,即可随意控制其旋转或直线运动的速度；很容易防止过载,安全性大；尺寸小出力大,安装位置可自由选择；输出力的调整简单准确,可远程控制.液压系统的使用与维修，为了保证机械设备无故障的工作，必须遵循制造厂的使用维修要求。

hydraulic 翻译基本解释●hydraulic：液压的，水力的●/haɪˈdrɔːlɪk/●adj. 液压的，水力的具体用法●adj.:o液压的，水力的o同义词：pneumatic, mechanical, fluidic, hydrostatic, aquiferous o反义词：manual, non-mechanical, dry, non-hydraulic, non-fluidic o例句：●The hydraulic system in the car allows for smooth braking andsteering, which enhances the overall driving experiencesignificantly.●汽车中的液压系统使刹车和转向更加顺畅，从而显著提升了整体驾驶体验。

●Engineers are working on a new hydraulic lift that can carryheavier loads with greater efficiency and safety.●工程师们正在研发一种新的液压升降机，可以更高效和安全地承载更重的负载。

●Hydraulic power is often used in construction equipment tomove heavy materials with precision and control.●液压动力常用于建筑设备中，以精确和控制地移动重物。

●The hydraulic press is capable of exerting immense pressure,making it ideal for shaping and molding metal parts.●液压机能够施加巨大的压力，非常适合用于成型和模压金属零件。

●In the field of renewable energy, hydraulic turbines play acrucial role in converting water flow into electricity.●在可再生能源领域，水力涡轮机在将水流转化为电力方面起着至关重要的作用。

液压 英语词汇Aability 性能；能力load-carrying ability 承载能力absorber 吸收器；吸收剂；过滤器；减震器 accessories 辅件，附件，配件hydraulic accessories 液压辅件accumulate 储存；蓄能；累积accumulator 蓄能器；蓄电池；累加器 accuracy 准确性；精度action 作用；动作；作用力；行程actuated 操纵，控制directly actuated 直接操纵的，直接控制的 pilot actuated 先导控制的，液控的actuator 执行元件；液压缸；马达adapter 接头；衬套；压环；连接件pipe adapter 管接头admission 供给，供油，供气alignment 找正，定心，对中amplifier 放大器differential pressure amplifier 压差放大器 flow amplifier 流量放大器assembly 组合，组件，机组axis 轴Bback-flow 回流back-up 支撑hydrostatic back-up 静压支撑barrel 桶，缸体base 底座；支座bearing 支承；轴承；方位radial ball bearing 径向球轴承rolling bearing 滚动轴承sliding bearing 滑动轴承thrust bearing 止推轴承bed 台pump test bed 泵试验台behavior 性能；工况bend 弯头；弯管blade 叶片flat blade 平面叶片forward inclined blade 前倾叶片guide blade 导叶radial blade 径向叶片bleed 排气air bleed 排气阀bleeder 排气孔block 块；封闭；块体cartridge valve block 插装阀块体choke block 节流板directional control block 多路阀，方向控制阀组 panel block 阀板组body 体；缸筒；阀体，壳体pump body 泵体tank body 箱体valve body 阀体bolt 螺栓；插销；螺杆boss 轮毂bottom 底；底部cylinder bottom 缸底；缸后盖bracket 支架pump bracket 泵架bubble-tight 气密的buffer 缓冲器，阻尼器bush(ing) 套，导向套；衬套Ccap 帽,盖,罩,塞cylinder end cap 缸端盖cylinder head cap 缸前盖capacity 容量;功率;排量;流量effective capacity 有效排量,实际排量geometric capacity 几何排量,理论排量casing 套,壳,罩gear casing 齿轮箱，变速箱pump casing 泵体cavitation 气蚀cavity 腔centering 中心调整，定心chamber 腔，室；容积；油腔；气腔chamfer 槽；倒角changement 换向机构characteristic 特性曲线；特征线charger 加载装置charging 充液；充压choke 节流；节流口chord 弦circlip 弹性挡圈circuit 回路clearance 间隙clog 阻塞；堵塞cock 龙头collar 圈；法兰盘cushion collar 缓冲套locating collar 定位凸缘套loose collar 轴肩挡圈thrust collar 止推环connection 连接；连接管路；接头 consumption 消耗量cylinder 缸；液压缸Ddebugging 排除故障；调试deflation 排气delivery 流量differential 差动的；微分的 displacement 压出；排出；排量；位移 dowel 定位销drained 泄油的duty 负载，功率；工况Eeffect 作用;效应cavitate effect 气蚀效应choking effect 节流作用elbow 弯头electro-hydraulic 电液的entrap 困油escape 泄漏,逸出,排出etching 蚀刻;腐蚀gas etching 气蚀exhaust 排泄;回油;Ffailure 故障;事故;损坏,失效 fastener 紧固件fatigue 疲劳feedback 反馈filler 加油口,注油口;填料;垫片filter 滤油器flow 流;液流;流程;流束;流量;流动 nominal flow 公称流量rated flow 额定流量stationary flow 定常流,定常流动 streamline flow 层流turbulent flow 紊流volume flow 体积流量flowline 管路;流线flow-regulator 流量调节阀 fluctuation 脉动fluid 流体,液体;射流hydraulic operating fluid 液压油 incompressible fluid 不可压缩流体 frame 座,架Ggain 增益flow gain 流量增益feedback gain 反馈增益gap 间隙,缝隙gear 齿轮,装置,机构governing 调节,控制Hhead 缸头,头部;盖;水头;扬程 cylinder head 缸头static head 静压头theoretic head 理论能头total head 总能头water head 水头hole 孔,洞air hole 气孔blind hole 盲孔bolt hole 螺栓孔bose 胶管,软管housing 壳体;槽hub 毂;衬套hydrostatics 液压技术,液体静力学Iidling 空转impact 冲击,撞击impeller 叶轮closed impeller 闭式叶轮open impeller 开式叶轮pump impeller 泵叶轮incidence 入射;入射角blade incidence 叶片安装角 incompressible 不可压缩的inlet 进口;吸入intensifier 增压器intensity 强度Jjack (柱塞)缸;千斤顶joint 接头;关节cross joint 十字接头flange joint 法兰式接头screwed joint 螺纹接头journal 轴颈jump 跳动;振动pressure jump 压力突变Kkeyway 键槽Llag 滞后;延迟servovalve phase lag 伺服阀相位滞后 laminar 层流的latch 插销;锁紧装置;锁定leak 漏;漏油;渗漏处;漏出物line 管路;线路liner 衬套;导向套;内层胶liquid 液体(的);液力的load 负载;载荷location 位置;定位;安装lock 锁;闭锁;液压卡紧loop 环;环路;回路;循环control loop 控制回路,调节回路 main loop 主回路servo loop 伺服回路loss 损失bend loss 弯头损失blade loss 叶片损失line loss 管路损失local pressure loss 局部压力损失partial loss 局部损失lubricate 润滑lug 耳轴lifting lug 吊环Mmandrel 心轴;芯棒manometer 压力机,压力表meter 米;仪表;计量;节制;控制(流量);流量计meter-in 进口节流meter-out 出口节流motion 动作alternative motion 往复运动lost motion 空转synchronized motion 同步运动motor 发动机,液压马达axial piston motor 轴向柱塞马达bent axis piston motor 斜轴式轴向柱塞马达cam plate type axial piston motor 斜盘式轴向柱塞马达 constant displacement motor 定量马达radial motor 径向马达sliding vane motor 叶片马达swing motor 摆动马达Nnominal 额定的,公称的notch 凹槽relief notch 卸荷槽null 零位Ooff-load 卸荷oil 油oiler 注油器olive 球面卡套grooved olive 迷宫密封环operation 运行;操作;运算orifice 小孔;节流孔O-ring O型密封圈output 输出;排量;流量overload 过载Ppack 包,捆;组合件,部件,单元power pack 液压泵站package包,捆;组件,单元hydraulic package 液压泵站power package 泵站packing 密封;密封装置;填料密封pad 衬垫;底座asbestos pad 石棉垫valve pad 阀垫parameter 参数part 部分;零件;部件partition 隔板passage 流道;通道;通过pedestal 支座,底座motor pedestal 电动机座phenomenon 现象stick-alip phenomenon 爬行现象 trapping phenomenon 困油现象piece 零件,部件pilot(-actuate,-operate) 先导控制;液控 piloted 先导控制的pin 销;插头alignment pin 定位销cottar pin 开口销locking pin 锁紧销piston pin 活塞销straight pin 圆柱销pipe 管子,管道(尤指铸铁管和钢管) piston 活塞;柱塞;阀芯double acting piston 双作用活塞double rod piston 双杆活塞hollow piston 空心活塞single-rod piston 单杆活塞pit 坑;槽pitch 节距pitting 凹痕;锈斑;点蚀plug 堵塞;阻塞;堵头air release plug 排气塞plug-in 插入式的,组合式的poppet 提动阀芯,座阀芯,锥阀芯,碟形阀芯 pore 孔;孔隙port 油口;连接口position 位置;状态;定位center valve position 阀的中间位置 neutral position 中位;零位three position 三位two position 二位pressure 压力,压强;气压pulsation 脉动,波动pump 泵bent axis axial piston pump 斜轴式轴向柱塞泵 booster pump 辅助泵,充液泵cam plate type axial piston pump 斜盘式轴向柱塞泵 centrifugal pump 离心泵constant delivery pump 定量泵cycloid rotor pump 摆线转子泵double action vane pump 双作用叶片泵gear pump 齿轮泵multi-stage pump 多级泵single action vane pump 单作用叶片泵vane pump 叶片泵variable capacity pump 变量泵Rrabbet 球铰rack 齿条;机架racing 空转radian 弧度radius 半径range 范围,量程rated 额定的regulation 调节,调整regulator 调节器,调压阀differential pressure regulator 定差减压阀 proportional pressure regulator 定比减压阀relay 继电器relief 释压;溢流;卸荷reset 复位restriction 节流;阻尼,节流口,阻尼孔restrictor 节流阀;节流口;阻尼孔reversal 反转,倒转revolution 旋转;转数rider 导向套ring 环,圈anti-extrusion ring 密封挡圈,挡圈back support ring 后支承环back-up ring 挡圈bearing ring 导向套dust ring 防尘圈retainer ring 卡环seal ring 密封圈;密封环rod 杆;活塞杆Sscrew 螺杆,螺钉,丝杆,螺旋seal 密封;封口;密封件;密封装置seat 阀座,座seizure 卡死,咬住,擦伤selector 换向阀servo 伺服;伺服机构,伺服系统 servomotor 伺服马达servopump 伺服泵servovalve 伺服阀set 组件;定位;集合shaft 轴pump shaft 泵轴sleeve 套;套管;卡套;阀套slot 缝,隙,槽spring 弹簧stroke 行程symbol 符号functional symbol 职能符号Ttank 箱,缸;油箱;容器tee 三通接头,三通throttle 节流;节流阀trapping 困油travel 位移;行程tube 管子(尤指有色金属和无缝钢管) tubeline 管路Uunion 中间接头;直通接头Vvalve 阀back pressure valve 背压阀bypass valve 旁通阀;溢流阀change valve 换向阀check valve 单向阀direct operated solenoid valve 电磁阀 flow regulating valve 调速阀four port valve 四通阀four position valve 四位阀hand operated valve 手动阀hydraulic operated check valve 液控单向阀 overflow valve 溢流阀overload relief valve 安全阀;过载溢流阀 piloted valve 先导式阀vane 叶片diffusion vane 导叶vent 放气;排气孔volume 容积,体积displacement volume 排量Wwasher 垫圈;衬垫wiper 防尘圈Zzone 地带;区(域)dead zone 死区high pressure zone 高压区low pressure zone 低压区。