美国名校教育理念英文 ppt课件

University (College): General for a four-year (18 years old and above), and "Institute" or "College", a university graduate students engaged in research and set up.
For a long time, the US has led the world in higher education, quantitatively at least. The total number of the institution of higher education is about 3,300. This figure represents one institution for every 78,000 Americans. Slightly more than half of all institutions of higher education are privately supported, many of them by religious groups. There are five categories of institution of higher education in the United States: Doctoral-level institution, Comprehensive institution, General baccalaureate institution, Specialized institution, and Two-year institution.
Elementary schools teach reading ,arithmetic , and language arts such as creative writing , spelling , and handwriting . Social studies , science , music , art ,and physical education are also part of the program . Classes are held five days a week from Monday to Friday . Elementary teachers have often been trained in schools of education , and most of them have normally completed the university degree .

Average tuition for parochial school students was about $2,600, and for nondenominational school students at least $5,000 per year in the mid1990s . The average teacher salary in private schools was $27,300 in 2007-2008 , a fraction of the $43,650 earned by public schools teachers . And male teachers earned substantially more than their female counterparts in both public and private schools .
In the United States elementary education begins at the age of six . In some school systems ,elementary school includes grades from years are called high school . In other school systems, there are three divisions : elementary school ( grades one to six ) ,junior high school ( grades seven to nine ) , and senior high school ( grades ten to twelve ) .
The federal government can give financial help but not orders in education . Schools are provided and managed by local community boards of education , whose members are elected . Most schools are run on taxes by local districts and states

美国著名学校的校徽
Harvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Stanford University
Yale University
Columbia University
University of Pennsylvania
Princeton University
(3)Higher Education
•
In the public mind, there are about 25 universities form the U.S. "top" of colleges and universities. Most people will mention constitute the eight Ivy League universities, and the other there are other private research universities
American education
Sectioห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ VIII
Education In The USA
• Preschool • Primary education
• Higher Education
• Education Reforms in the US
Elementary and Secondary education
However,in many districts,secondary education includes both grades 7~9 which Elementary high school"and grades is•called "junior education refer to grades 1~6,the secondary education generally 10~12 which is called "senior high refers to grades 9~12 which the US school".Secondary education in is also also called "high school". includes vocational schools and technical schools.

（文理学院提供的学士学位）
• Specialized institutions/Training technical schools（专业机构，技术培训学校，eg：学挖掘机找蓝翔） • Two-year institutions/community colleges（两年制的社区大学)
Harvard University
General introduction（王文昊）
Goal of education:
To achieve universal literacy and provide individuals with knowledge and skill necessary to promote the welfare （福利） for individuals and the general public.
普及教育，并使每个人掌握必要的知识和技能以利于 自身发展，并为公众谋福利。
General introduction
19th US Education development:
• cational management system to establish and perfect（v.使完美） • 2.Public education campaign（公共教育活动） • 3.Types of secondary education
Higher education -------college and university （杨雨昂）
General introduction
• There are over 2000 universities and colleges or other institution in the United State. The tern （三个一组）college referrers to an institution requiring a secondary school certificate for admission .It is often used in place of the word university. A college may or may not be part of a university ,a college may have many branches.

--- Chinese Proverb
The goal of education is to achieve
universal literacy and to provide
individuals with educational
opportunities.
2
II. Education –a local matter
Grade
Preschool
Age
Kindergarten
5-6
Elementary School
1st GradeGrade 5th Grade
6th Grade
Middle School
7-8 8-9
9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12
6
❖ In some school system, the 12 grades are divided into two stages, the first 6 grades for elementary school and the next 6 grades for secondary school.
3
III. Expenditure of Education
❖ Educational funds are from several sources.
❖ Funds for elementary and secondary schools come from 3 sources:
1. about 50% from local property taxes,
❖ Most schools offer foreign languages. Spanish is the most popular foreign language for Americans .

formed in the second half of the 19th century and can be specifically divided into the bottom-up
structure: primary school, secondary school, and then university. "Rail" is the number of class in
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The American education of all types and at all levels join each other in structure and
communicate with each other up and down. At any rate, from elementary school through college,
American Education
15-财政2班 魏瑶
王莹பைடு நூலகம்
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王馨怡
The United States is very strong in education and shoulders huge task of education. To discuss education in the United States is a very complicated problem, because it is a multicultural country. American education is also diverse reflecting on the education, there is no unified national education system in the United States and fifty states have 50 different education system. There is no doubt that mang people pay much attention to the system of American education. The major difference in education system between American and most other countries is that the education of the United States is for everyone in society, not only for a few people. American educational system can be best understood as a kind of social institutions that reflect the basic beliefs and fundamental principles of the nation, rather than simply a kind of skilltraining places where students are prepared to get a job.[1] All in all, the system of American education has its own special features and attract a lot of countries’ attention.

.
+ Issues with American Education
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Achievement
Girls now outperform boys in classrooms, a turnaround from the 20th century for the opposite was true
Foreign Languages
High Amounts of Immigrants call into question the inclusion of subjects taught in a foreign language to accommodate these students as the US has no “official” language
Has various teachers in specialized areas.
Wide array of extracurricular activities
Often called Junior High School
AP and IB courses, or Pre-College classes
16
Tracking
Divides students up by levels and puts them into classes that follows them throughout schooling.
Some feel is another form of segregation as some of the more ‘gifted’ students receive the best or most qualified teachers
Curriculum Issues

Physical Education
2. Secondary School
❖ Secondary schools offer these subjects: English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical education.
❖ Most schools offer foreign languages. Spanish is the most popular foreign language for Americans .
Grade
Kindergarten
1st Grade 2nd Grade 3rd Grade 4th Grade 5th Grade 6th Grade
7th Grade 8th Grade 9th Grade
Preschool
Age
5-6
Elementary School
Middle School
❖ Credits are earned by attending lectures (or lab classes) and by successfully completing assignments and examinations.
❖ Students who want to pursue graduate study have to take
❖ In most areas, free public school education begins with kindergarten classes for 5 years old.
❖ Almost all the 50 states have laws that require 12 years of compulsory attendance at school for children.

在应试教育的制约下,传统观念的影响下,采取的是初级阶 段打基础,高级阶段才能做学问的相互脱节的两阶段
Chinese：In restricting the examination-oriented
5.Curriculum（课程设置）：
US: Many kinds of language courses and have "Family Life" course like Sewing, cooking, and enhance self-confidence Chinese：Students in basic education is only one kind of English (except for specialized outside)
学龄前儿童没有强制性的托儿所，不过有政府补助方案来资助低收入家 庭的儿童，所以大部分家庭需要自己付费托儿所的费用。
The United States generally refers to pre-school year ~ 5 grade for children in kindergarten and elementary school
美国小学一般指学前一年~五年级(幼儿园小学)
Secondary School 中学教育 (12~18岁)：
Contains two years of junior high school (12 ~ 14 years old) and four years of high school (15 ~ 18 years old) 包含2年的初中(12~14岁)和4年的高中(15~18岁) The smooth completion of grade 12 studies, can get a high school diploma. 顺利完成12年级的学业，就可以拿到高中文凭了。

Colonial Period
• Out of the combination of these two factors, many schools were established long before the founding of the nation itself.
• Harvard college —— 1636
• Religious education exists in both types of education
Business-oriented and trade-oriented education
• Social background : the rank of the middle classes began to swell.
• It assumed utilitarian and practical values.
• Forms: private English schools
the academy
Evaluation
• More democratic type
• Forerunner of ladder system in the 19th century
• 2T.hTehdeeevaerlloypsmeetnttlebresgwaenrien iMntaesnssaeclhyusetts BaryelCigoiloounsy..
• Make education accessible to people living
in the of North America.
• College of William and Mary—— 1693
Government regulation