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I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud By William Wordsworth1I wandered lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵孤独的流云, （Simile）That floats on high o'er vales and hills,高高地飘游在山谷之上, （Simile）When all at once I saw a crowd,突然我看见一大片鲜花,（Personification/Metaphor）A host, of golden daffodils;是金色的水仙遍地开放,Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 它们开在湖畔,开在树下, （alliteration）Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.它们随风嬉舞,随风波荡。
（Personification/Metaphor2Continuous as the stars that shine 它们密集如银河的星星,And twinkle on the milky way, 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹; （一二两行Simile/hyperbole）They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着海湾向前伸展,Along the margin of a bay: 通往远方仿佛无穷无尽; （三四两行Simile/hyperbole）Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 一眼看去就有千朵万朵,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance..万花摇首舞得多么高兴。
（personification）3The waves beside them danced; but they粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳, （personification）Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:却不如这水仙舞得轻俏; （personification）A poet could not but be gay；诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴,In such a jocund company;又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃;I gazed—and gazed—but little thought我久久凝视——却未领悟What wealth the show to me had brought:...这景象所给我的精神之宝。
英美文学史5浪漫主义俩个时期的代表人物：第一代：布莱克、彭斯、华兹华斯第二代：拜伦、雪莱、济慈The Romantic Period(1798-1832)浪漫主义----Romantic writing emphasizes emotionsand feelings instead of reason and logic . 浪漫主义强调的是情感和感觉而不是理性和逻辑。
The time begins with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads(1798),ending with Walter Scott’s death(1832)浪漫主义开始的标志是华兹华斯的《抒情诗集》（他和S.T Coleridge联合发表的）发表，结束于斯科特的去世。
一．俩大派别：Lake poets湖畔派诗人（又称：Escapist poets逃避诗人Negativepoets消极诗人）: Wordsworth华兹华斯、Southey骚赛、Coleridge柯勒律治Satanic poets魔鬼派(又称：Active poets积极诗人) ：Lord Byron拜伦、Shelley雪莱、Keats济慈二．William Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯-----poet-laureate桂冠诗人Lake poets湖畔派诗人（又称：Escapist poets逃避诗人Negative poets消极诗人）:Wordsworth华兹华斯、Southey骚赛、Coleridge柯勒律治作品：I wandered Lonely as a Cloud我孤独的漫游，像云朵一样（选自The Daffodils《黄水仙》）She Dwelt Among theUntrodden Ways她居住在人迹罕至的地方（mourning悲伤的、Dwelt居住）补充了解：1.其他作品Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺、The Prelude序曲（自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry）、The Excursion、the Lucy poems《露西诗》2.Symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.符号是用来代表抽象事物的概念His style：simplicity and purity of the language,love of nature,fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry.简单而纯洁的语言，反传统形式的18世纪诗歌。
威廉华兹华斯作品英文
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目录
1.威廉·华兹华斯的简介
2.威廉·华兹华斯的作品特点
3.威廉·华兹华斯的代表作品
4.威廉·华兹华斯作品的英文版本
正文
威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）是英国著名的浪漫主义诗人，他与萨缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）和罗伯特·南希（Robert Southey）共同被誉为“湖畔诗人”。
威廉·华兹华斯的创作主题广泛，作品风格独特，强调回归自然，注重个人情感的抒发。
威廉·华兹华斯的作品具有浓厚的浪漫主义色彩，强调个人情感与自然之间的联系。
他的诗歌语言简练、质朴，力求表达真实的情感。
在诗歌创作中，他善于运用自然景象和日常生活细节来传达情感，作品中充满了对自然的热爱和敬畏。
威廉·华兹华斯的代表作品有《咏水仙》、《孤独的收割人》、《致杜鹃》等。
这些作品充分体现了他独特的创作风格和主题，被认为是英国浪漫主义诗歌的经典之作。
威廉·华兹华斯的作品英文版本广泛流传于世，许多作品被翻译成多种语言。
对于学习英语和英国文学的人来说，他的作品具有很高的研究价值和欣赏价值。
如今，在互联网上可以轻易找到威廉·华兹华斯的英文作品，供人们阅读和研究。
总之，威廉·华兹华斯是英国文学史上一位重要的诗人，他的作品不仅具有独特的艺术价值，还对后世产生了深远的影响。
Comments on Wordsworth Wordsworth saw nature and man with new eyes. Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language. Nearly all of his good poetry was written during the first decade of his literary career . His later writings were full of mysticism and many of them unreadable.Comments on Coleridge Coleridge wrote with excellent style techniques. He is a medievalist, fond of the unusual and supernatural things. His imaginative power is intense and his language melodious.Coleridge was the first critic of the romantic school. According to Coleridge, the poet was a creator and critic was an assistant in the work of creation. Just like Wordsworth he became conservative in thinking in his later years. Don Juan was written in Italy during 1818-1823. It consists of sixteen cantos,16,000 lines long, and written in ottava rima, each stanza containing 8 iambic pentameter lines rhymed abababcc. Actually it is not just a poem, but a sort of a novel in verse. It has been regarded as Byron’s masterpiece. Don Juan was written in the prime of Byron’s creative power. His aim in writing it was “to remove the cloke (=cloak) which the manners and maxims of high society throw over their secret sins, and shew (=show) them to the world as they really are”. He called this poem an “epic satire”, “a satire on abuses of the present state of society”. “Almost all Don Juan,” he wrote, “is real life, either my own, or from people I know”. In Don Juan Byron displayed his genius as a romanticist and a realist simultaneously.Comments on Byron Byron is one of the most excellent representatives of English Romanticism. His literary career was closely linked with the struggle and progressive movements of his age. He praised the people’s revolutionary struggles in his works. His poems show energy and vigor, romantic daring and powerful passion.Some of his poems show Byron’s individual heroism and pessimism.Comments on Shelley Shelley loved the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters. He called on the people to overthrow the rule of tyranny and injustice and prophesied a happy and free life for mankind. He stood for the social and political ideal all his life. He and Byron are justifiably regarded as the two great poets of revolutionary romanticism in England.With the deep insight of a proletarian revolutionary teacher, Marx pointed out: “The real difference between Byron and Shelley is this: Those who understand them and love them consider it fortunate that Byron died at thirty-six, because if he had lived longer he would have become a reactionary bourgeois. On the other hand they grieved that Shelley died at twenty-nine, because he was essentially a revolutionist and he would always have belonged to the vanguard of socialism. Comments on John Keats Keats learned the art of poetry mainly from the poets of the English Renaissance. His literary creation was a clean split with 18th century classicism. The one artistic aim in his poetry was always to create a beautiful world of imagination as opposed to the sordid reality of his day. His leading principle is: “Beauty is truth, truth in beauty”. His poetry is distinguished by sensuousness and the perfection of form. Some of his poems touch upon the burning political problems his day. He showed his dissatisfaction with the society and described the sufferings of the poor people. Features of Richardson’s Novels Richardson is the first novelist of sentimentalist tradition. His novels have a moral purpose. Richardson is an outstanding novelist because he had much sympathy for women in their inferior social status and entered into detailed psychological study of female characters.All of his novels are written in the form of letters. He was the master of writing epistolary novels.Features of Lamb’s Essays The most striking feature of his essays is his humor. Lamb was especially fond of old writers. His essays are intensely personal. Lamb was a romanticist, seeking a free expression of his own personality and weaving romance into the daily life.Comments on Hazlitt As a prose writer, Hazlitt ranks high in English literature. W.E. Henley (1849—1903) has made an interesting comparison between Lamb and Hazlitt, saying “The best of it all (i. e. the best of English prose of the early 19th century), perhaps, is the best of Lamb. But Hazlitt’s for different qualities, is so eminent and shining a second that I hesitate as to the pre-eminency. Probably the race is Lamb’s. But Hazlitt is ever Hazlitt, and at his highest moments Hazlitt is hard to beat, and has not these many years been beatenFe atures of Walter Scott’s Historical Novels Scott is the first novelist to recreate the past. In Scott’s novels, historical events are closely interwoven with thefates of individuals. Scott is concerned not only with the lives and deeds of historical figures, but is always mindful of the role and fates of the ordinary people. Scott is a romantic. Besides romantic imagination, he also relied upon careful studies and investigations into the detail of historical life. Scott is a conservative in politics. Comments on Scott As a novelist, Scott’s influence was immense: his creation of a wide range of characters from all levels of society was immediately likened to Shakespeare’s; the use of historical settings became a mainstay of Victorian and later fiction; his short stories helped initiate that form; his antiquarian researches and collections were a major contribution to the culture of Scotland.Characteristics of the Literature in18 centuryThe main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. In this century the newspaper was born. The 18th century was an age of prose.In this age satire was much used in writing. Generally speaking, literature of the 18th century was very complex. We may classify it under three general heads: the reign of classicism, the pre-romantic poetry, and the beginning of modern novel.The Different Styles between Steel and Addison Steele took very little pains with his language. His style is intimate, easy-going and careless. But Addison was a careful writer and a great stylist. He creat ed a perfect. Addison’s Spectator essays were looked upon as the model of English composition by British authors all through the 18th century. Steel and Addison’s Contribution to English literature: Their writings provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie; They give a true picture of social life of England in the 18th century; In their hands, the English essay has completely established itself as a literary genre.Pope’s Position in English Literature Pope was known as a great poet in his day. He was the representative writer of the classical school. He exerted much influence upon the other writers of the age. He popularized the classical literary tradition. He was one of the early representatives of the Enlightenment, who introduced into English culture the spirit of rationalism and greater interest in the human world. He was a great satirist and a literary critic. His poetry clearly reflected the spirit of the age in which he lived. The early period of the 18th century has often been named after him as the “Age of Pope”. Features of Fielding’s Novels Fielding’s method of relating a story is telling the story directly by the author. Satire abounds everywhere in Fielding’s works. Fielding believed in the educational function of the novel. Fielding is a master of style. Fielding established once for all the form of modern novel. Fielding focuses more on male characters and manners than Richardson.Gulliver’s Travels Swift wrote his greatest work Gulliver’s Travels in Ireland. The book contains four parts, each of them deals with one particular voyage of the hero and his extraordinary adventures on some remote island. In the first part, Gulliver goes to sea as a ship’s surgeon. In a big storm the ship is wrecked and he is cast upon the shor e of the island of Lilliput. In the second part Gulliver is abandoned on the land of the Brobdingnagians.The third part deals with a series of the hero’s adventures at several places. The fourth part describes the hero’s voyage to the country of the Houyhn hnms and has generally been considered the best part of the book.Analysis of Robinson Crusoe The best part of the novel is the realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson alone against the pitiless forces of nature on the island. It is there that Robinson is a real hero, and the best qualities of his character are shown to the full. In describing Robinson’s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labour. In this novel, Defoe created the image of a true empire-builder, a colonizer and a foreign trader. Crusoe represents the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stage of its development. Defoe’s bourgeois outlook manifests itself in the fact that he does not condemn Negro-slavery in his book. Alternatively, Friday can be seen as the victim of canonicalization whose territory and beliefs are usurped by the colonizer.Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded The novel was written in the form of a series of letters from the heroine to her parents and two friends, telling them in great detail her adventures at her m aster’s house. Analysis In this novel for the first time Richardson gave a detailed description of the English family life in the middle of the 18th century. The chief contribution of this novel to the development of the English fiction lies in its penetrating psychological study of the heroine. Moreover the novel criticizes the bourgeois moral standards an moral hypocrisy.Pamela was a huge success. It not only created a fashion for the epistolary novel, but underscored role distinctions which were to become predominant in society for some two centuries: the dominant male as provider and master; the female as victim, preserving her virtue until submitting to “affection” and the inevitability of the man’s dominance. Thus the female role is established in relation to male roles, and any deviation is seen as both socially and morally reprehensibleRichardson’s Achievements His main achievement as a novelist lies in his technique to show characters as personalities, thinking and feeling for themselves with the author himself absent from the stage, refusing to intervene in the action. His influence could be traced in the works of such later novelists as Henry James, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.The Character of Parson Adams The most outstanding character in the novel is Parson Adams. He is a poor, honest old parson. He is high-minded, simple-hearted and ardently devoted to ideals. He is ready to help the weak and the oppressed. He is a man of extraordinary learning, familiar with many languages and has a masterly knowledge of the Greek and Latin classics. He is the most absent-minded man in the world. But, in spite of all his weakness, Parson Adams is a goodman. In the novel, while that agreeable young Joseph may be the cent re of the plot, the “old foolish parson” is the centre ofinterest.Blake’s Position in English Literature Blake’s lyric poetry displays the characteristic of the romantic spirit.There is strong likeness between Shelley and Blake: the imagery and symbolism as well as the underlying spirit of Shelley’s revolutionary epics, find their nearest parallel in Blake’s prophetic books.For these reasons, Blake is called a Pre-Romantic or a forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century.Features of Burns’s P oetry Burns is the national poet of Scotland. Most of his poems and songs were written in Scotch dialect. Burns was the people’s poet. Burns had a deep knowledge and an excellent mastery of the old song tradition. This was the main factor of his great success.Features of Sterne’s Novels To him sentiment was more important than reason.Sterne gave detailed descriptions of the characters’ inner thoughts and feelings. Sterne’s characters are ordinary persons.Carlyle as a Literary Critic Carlyle’s literary crit icism belongs to the Romantic school. Carlyle’s mission was to establish a new principle in literary criticism. He maintains that it is the critic’s chief task to get into sympathy with his author, to understand, appreciate and interpret his aims and intentions, but not to impose on him purposes which lie outside his plan. His essay on Burns has been commonly acknowledged to be a masterpiece.The main principles of Arnold’s literary criticism may be summed up as follows:Disinterestedness is the first requisite in a literary critic. The function of literary criticism is neither to find fault nor to display the critic’s own learning or influence, but to find and propagate “the best which has been thought and said in the world”. Arnold regarded the quality of “high seriousness” as the principal virtue of poet. He paid great attention to the moral values of poetry. So far as the content of poetry is concerned, Arnold held the view that “the eternal objects of Poetry… are actions, human actions, possessing an inh erent interest in themselves”, and that the poet does best to deal with the great stories of the past, “to delight himself with the contemplation of some noble action of a heroic time, and to enable others, through his representation of it, to delight in i t also”.Characteristics of Tennyson’s Poetry Tennyson has a total mastery of the sounds and rhythms of the English language. No English poet surpasses Tennyson at linking descriptions of nature or setting to the state of mind of the speaker. His poems reflect his conservative ideals and idealization of the bourgeois social reality. Above all, he was a poet of great lyrical gifts and distinguished himself in beautiful poetic imagery and melodious verse in many of his poems.Features of Browning’s Poetry His great contributions to poetry are his dramatic monologues. Unlike Tennyson who idealized society and wrote apart from daily living, Browning aimed to appeal to the contemporary taste for moral principles. He delighted in the idiom of ordinary speech and in the peculiarities of varied minds.His psychological insight, his experiments in form with multiple point of view, his style, syntax and language all seem quite modern and make him a forerunner of 20th century literature Neo-Romanticism Another literary trend prevailing at the end of the 19th century was neo-romanticism. New Romantic writers oppose the idea that life reflects life reality. They thought that the task of art should nourish the reader’s imagination and dissatisfied with the ugly social reality, they refuse to write about it and try to avoid the positive solution of the acute social contradictions. They did not admit any connection between art and morality. They thought that the artist should not teach the reader but create interesting pictures and tell pleasing adventuresMetaphysical poetry: the poetry of John Donne and other 17th-century poets who wrote in a similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas .Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry.Spenserian stanza :Each stanza has nine lines, each of the first eight lines is in iambic pentameter form, and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter line (an alexandrine). The rhythm scheme is abab bcbc c.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualities of each individual’s mind. In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.。
1.华兹华斯华兹华斯（William Wordsworth，1770-1850年），英国浪漫主义诗人，曾当上桂冠诗人。
其诗歌理论动摇了英国古典主义诗学的统治，有力地推动了英国诗歌的革新和浪漫主义运动的发展。
他是文艺复兴运动以来最重要的英语诗人之一，其诗句“朴素生活，高尚思考（plain living and high thinking）”被作为牛津大学基布尔学院的格言。
,华兹华斯生于律师之家，曾就读于剑桥大学圣约翰学院，毕业后到欧洲旅行，在法国亲身领略了大革命的风暴。
1783年其父去世，他和弟兄们由舅父照管，妹妹多萝西（Dorothy）则由外祖父母抚养。
多萝西与他最为亲近，终身未嫁，一直与他作伴。
1787年他进剑桥大学圣约翰学院学习，大学毕业后去法国，住在布卢瓦。
他对法国革命怀有热情，认为这场革命表现了人性的完美，将拯救帝制之下处于水深火热中的人民。
在布卢瓦他结识了许多温和派的吉伦特党人。
1792年华兹华斯回到伦敦，仍对革命充满热情。
但他的舅父对他的政治活动表示不满，不愿再予接济。
正在走投无路时，一位一直同情并钦佩他的老同学去世，留给他900英镑。
于是在1795年10月，他与多萝西一起迁居乡间，实现接近自然并探讨人生意义的宿愿。
多萝西聪慧体贴，给他创造了创作的条件。
后来她也成为了诗人。
一直与他作伴，终身未嫁。
2. 《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）1798年，华兹华斯与柯勒律治将各自的诗歌合为一册，定名为《抒情歌谣集》。
但其中柯勒律治的诗仅有四首较短的诗和一篇长诗《老水手行》。
诗集中除了第一首（柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》）和最后一首（即《丁登寺》）外，并未包括两人最优秀的作品。
然而，历史证明，正是这部问世之初遭到苛评的诗集开创了一代诗风，成为英国文学史上尤其是诗歌领域里的一座里程碑。
它摆脱了多数18世纪诗人所恪守的简洁、典雅、机智、明晰等古典主义的创作原则；在形式上摒弃了在蒲柏手里达到登峰造极地步并垄断了当时诗坛的英雄双韵体；在内容上则以平民百姓日常使用的语言描绘大自然的景色和处身于大自然中的人们的生活，抒发了诗人的感受和沉思，开创了探索和发掘人的内心世界的现代诗风。
