LY2835219-free-base-DataSheet-MedChemExpress

序号
1681 5894 10462 12033 1493 1494 1682 1679 1685 8598 10441 5892 5893 5896 5897 5895 8599 6505 6506 8241 8602 6523 66 71 660 14686 8209 8210 1683 3847 8600 3852 3851 3854 3855 3856 3857 3848 4272 8206 14846 4080 3860 3858 3859
中文名称
1,2-丁二醇 1,2-己二醇 1,2-戊二醇 1,3-丙二醇 1,3-双-（2,4-二氨基苯氧基）丙烷 1,3-双-（2,4-二氨基苯氧基）丙烷 HCl 1,4-丁二醇 1,4-丁二醇/琥珀酸/己二酸/HDI 共聚物 1,4-丁二醇二（甲基丙烯酸）酯 1,5-萘二酚 1,5-戊二醇 1,6-己二胺 1,6-己二醇 1,6-己二醇二水杨酸酯 1,6-己二醇二硬脂酸酯 1,6-己二醇蜂蜡酸酯 1,7-萘二酚 10-羟基癸酸 10-羟基癸烯酸 1-甲基乙内酰脲-2-酰亚胺 1-萘酚 1-羟乙基-4,5-二氨基吡唑硫酸盐 1-乙酰萘 1-乙酰氧基-2-甲基萘 2-（2-氨基乙氧基）乙醇 2,2'-硫代双（4-氯苯酚） 2,2'-亚甲基双 4-氨基苯酚 2,2'-亚甲基双-4-氨基苯酚 HCl 2,3-丁二醇
国际化妆品原料标准中文名称目录（2010年版）
序号 INCI名称 中文名称
酸 （C10-18 脂酸甘油三酯类聚甘油-3酯类） 磷酸酯类 （动物）肝水解产物 （动物）睾丸水解产物 （动物）脊髓索带提取物 （动物）脊髓索带脂质 （动物）脊髓脂质提取物 （动物）脐带提取物 （动物）气管水解产物 （动物）乳房提取物 （动物）神经提取物 （动物）胎盘蛋白 （动物）胎盘酶 （动物）胎盘脂质 （动物）心脏水解产物 （动物）心脏提取物 （动物）胸腺水解产物 （动物）胸腺提取物 （镁/钾/硅）（氟化物/氢氧化物/氧化 物） （牛）肝提取物 （牛）睾丸提取物 （牛）骨髓类脂质 （牛）骨髓提取物 （牛）肌肉提取物 （牛）卵巢提取物 （牛）脾提取物 （牛）网膜类脂质 （牛/猪）脑提取物 （日用）香精 （三油酰氧甲基）甲氨基乙醇硫酸酯 （神经）鞘磷脂 （神经）鞘脂类 （四丁氧基）丙基三硅氧烷 （天冬氨酸/谷氨酸）金 （辛/癸）酸异辛酯 （椰油/葵花籽油）酰胺丙基甜菜碱 （月桂/肉豆蔻）基二醇羟丙基醚 1-（3,4-二甲氧基苯基）-4,4-二甲基1,3-戊二酮 1,10-癸二醇 1,2,4-苯三酚三乙酸酯 1,2,4-三羟基苯 1,2,6-己三醇 1

MAC4LDFpis Rev 04/221Product InformationMetaPolyzyme, DNA freeSuitable for Microbiome researchMAC4LDFSynonym: Multilytic Enzyme Mix Storage Temperature –20 °CProduct DescriptionMetagenomics investigates all DNA that has been isolated directly from given single samples, such as environmental samples or biological organisms.1,2Metagenomics allows for the investigation of microbes that exist in extreme environments, and which have been historically difficult to isolate, culture, andstudy.3 Metagenomics has revealed the existence of novel microbial species.4 Applications ofmetagenomics work include public health dataanalysis,5,6 discovery of novel proteins, enzymes and natural products,7,8 environmental studies,9,10 and agricultural investigations.11,12Microbes are difficult to disrupt because the cell walls may form capsules or resistant spores. DNA can be extracted by using lysing enzymes such as lyticase, chitinase, zymolase, and gluculase to induce partial spheroplast formation. Spheroplasts are subsequently lysed to release DNA.MetaPolyzyme products (Cat. Nos. MAC4L, MAC4LDF) are based on a multi-lytic enzyme mixture, originally developed by Scott Tighe, for use in microbiome and DNA extraction efficiency studies, and formulated for effective lysis of microbiome samples from extreme environments. MetaPolyzyme was originally evaluated and developed in consultation and collaboration with the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF) Metagenomics and Microbiome ResearchGroup (MMRG; formerly the Metagenomics Research Group, MGRG).13-16Studies of microbial communities have beenenhanced by the use of culture-independent analytical techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics. DNA contamination during sample preparation is a major problem of sequence-based approaches. Extraction reagents free of DNA contaminants are thus essential. MetaPolyzyme, DNA free was developed to address the need for DNA-free reagents, to minimize microbial DNA contamination from reagents. This productundergoes strict quality control testing to ensure the absence of detectable levels of contaminatingmicrobial DNA using 35 cycles PCR amplification of 16S and 18S rDNA using universal primer sets.Precautions and DisclaimerFor R&D use only. Not for drug, household, or other uses. Please consult the Safety Data Sheet for information regarding hazards and safe handling practices.ReagentThe enzymes in MetaPolyzyme, DNA free are:• Mutanolysin • Achromopeptidase • Lyticase • Chitinase • Lysostaphin •LysozymeAll the enzymes are individually tested for theabsence of contaminating DNA using 16S and 18S PCR amplification.Mutanolysin (from Streptomyces globisporus )Mutanolysin is a muralytic enzyme (muramidase) that cleaves the β-N -acetylmuramyl-(1→4)-N -acetylglucosamine linkage of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan-polysaccharide, particularly the β(1→4) bond in MurNAc-GlcNAc.17 Mutanolysin particularly acts on many Gram-positive bacteria, where the enzyme’s carboxy -terminal moietiesparticipate in the recognition and binding of unique cell wall structures.MAC4LDFpis Rev 04/22AchromopeptidaseAchromopeptidase (known also as β-lytic protease 18) has potent bacteriolytic activity on many Gram-positive aerobic bacteria 19 with high lytic activity, against bacterial strains with the A1α chemotype (such as Aerococcus viridans ), and the A3αchemotype (such as Staphylococcus epidermidis ) for cell wall peptidoglycan structures. The enzyme has been reported to have particular recognition for Gly-X sites in peptide sequences, and for Gly-Gly and ᴅ-Ala-X sites in peptidoglycans.20Lyticase (from Arthrobacter luteus )Lyticase is useful in digestion of linear glucosepolymers with β(1→3) linkages, of yeast glycan coats and for spheroplast formation, and of the cell wall of active yeast cells.Chitinase (from Streptomyces griseus )Chitinase degrades chitin by enzymatic hydrolysis to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Degradation occurs via two consecutive enzyme reactions: •Chitodextrinase-chitinase, apoly(1,4-β-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoside])-glycanohydrolase, removes chitobiose units from chitin.•N-acetylglucosaminidase-chitobiase cleaves the disaccharide to its monomer subunits, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAGA).Lysostaphin (from Staphylococcus staphylolyticus )Lysostaphin is a lytic enzyme with activity against Staphylococcus species, including S. aureus . Lysostaphin has hexosaminidase, amidase, and endopeptidase activities. It cleaves polyglycine crosslinks in the cellular wall of Staphylococcus species, which leads to cell lysis.21,22Lysozyme (from chicken egg white)Lysozyme hydrolyzes β(1→4) linkages betweenN -acetylmuraminic acid and N -acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan, and betweenN -acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. Lysozyme lyses the peptidoglycan cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.23Storage/StabilityThis product ships at cooler temperature conditions. Long-term storage at –20 °C is recommended. Reconstituted solutions of MetaPolyzyme, DNA free may be stored at –20 °C, but long-term solution stability has not been examined.Preparation InstructionsBecause of the great diversity of samples formetagenomics studies, it will be necessary for each researcher to work out particular conditions for optimal sample preparation and treatment. It is recommended to reconstitute MetaPolyzyme, DNA free in sterile PBS buffer, pH 7.5 (no EDTA, calcium or magnesium present in solution). The following is a sample procedure, to be scaled appropriately:1. Add 100 µL of sterile PBS (pH 7.5) to 1 vial ofMetaPolyzyme, DNA free.1.1. Resuspend by gentle agitation or pipetting. 1.2. Set solution aside at 2-8 °C until Step 7. 2. Thoroughly suspend sample in sterile PBS(pH 7.5). 3. Add 200 µL of sample in PBS to a 2 mLpolypropylene microcentrifuge tube. 4. Optional pellet wash:4.1. To sample tube, add 1 mL of PBS (pH 7.5). 4.2. Vortex, centrifuge and remove supernatant. 4.3. Repeat pellet wash two more times ifneeded. 5. Resuspend pelleted sample in 150 µL of PBS(pH 7.5). Vortex thoroughly.6. Optional: if solution will sit for more than 4 hours,sodium azide may be added to 0.02%. 7. Add 20 µL (*) of MetaPolyzyme, DNA free tosample solution. 8. Incubate at 35 °C for 2-24 hours.9. Continue with standard DNA extraction protocol. (*) The optimal volume and concentration of MetaPolyzyme, DNA free may vary in different experiments.References1. Gilbert, J.A., and Dupont, C.L., Ann. Rev. MarineSci., 3, 347-371 (2011). 2. Kang, H.S., and Brady, S.F., J. Am. Chem. Soc.,136(52), 18111-18119 (2014). 3. Ufarté, L. et al., Biotechnol. Adv., 33(8),1845-1854 (2015). 4. Davison, M. et al., Photosynth. Res., 126(1),135-146 (2015). 5. Afshinnekoo, E. et al., Cell Syst., 1(1), 72-87(2015).The life science business of Merck operatesas MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada.Merck and Sigma-Aldrich are trademarks of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany or its affiliates.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Detailed information on trademarks is available via publicly accessible resources.© 2022 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.MAC4LDFpis Rev 04/22 DK,DT,GCY,TJ,RBG,SBC,MAM36.The MetaSUB International Consortium,Microbiome, 4, 24 (2016). [Erratum inMicrobiome, 4, 45 (2016).]7.Trinidade, M. et al., Front. Microbiol., 6, 890(2015).8.Coughlan, L.M. et al., Front. Microbiol., 6, 672(2015).9.Palomo, A. et al., ISME J., 10(11), 2569-2581(2016).10.Pold, G. et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 82(22),6518-6530 (2016).11.Mitra, N. et al., J. Gen. Virol., 97(8), 1771-1784(2016).12.Theuns, S. et al., Infect. Genet. Evol., 43,135-145 (2016).13.Baldwin, D.A. et al., "Life at the Extreme", ABRFMetagenomics Research Group Poster 2015,presented at the ABRF 2015 Conference, St.Louis, MO, USA, March 28-31, 2015.14.Baldwin, D.A. et al., "Implementing NewStandards in Metagenomics and the ExtremeMicrobiome Project", ABRF MetagenomicsResearch Group Poster 2016, presented at theABRF 2016 Conference, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA, February 20-23, 2016.15.McIntyre, A. et al., "Life at the Extreme: TheABRF Metagenomics Research Group", ABRFMetagenomics Research Group Poster 2017,presented at the ABRF 2017 Conference, SanDiego, CA, March 25-28, 2017.16.Tighe, S. et al., J. Biomol. Tech., 28(1), 31-39(2017).17.Gründling, A., and Schneewind, O., J. Bacteriol.,188(7), 2463-2472 (2006).18.Li, S.L. et al., J. Bacteriol., 172(11), 6506-6511(1990).19.Ezaki, T., and Suzuki, S., J. Clin. Microbiol.,16(5), 844-846 (1982). 20.Li, S. et al., J. Biochem., 124(2), 332-339(1998).21.Browder, H.P. et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res.Commun., 19, 383-389 (1965).22.Robinson, J.M. et al., J. Bacteriol., 137(3),1158-1164 (1979).23.Vocaldo, D.J. et al., Nature, 412(6849), 835-838(2001).NoticeWe provide information and advice to our customers on application technologies and regulatory matters to the best of our knowledge and ability, but without obligation or liability. Existing laws and regulations are to be observed in all cases by our customers. This also applies in respect to any rights of third parties. Our information and advice do not relieve our customers of their own responsibility for checking the suitability of our products for the envisaged purpose. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by the manufacturing or selling entity, or an affiliate. We assume no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.Technical AssistanceVisit the tech service page at/techservice.Standard WarrantyThe applicable warranty for the products listed in this publication may be found at /terms. Contact InformationFor the location of the office nearest you, go to /offices.。

pPICZ A, B, and CPichia expression vectors for selection onZeocin™ and purification of recombinant proteins Catalog no. V190-20Rev. Date: 7 July 2010Manual part no. 25-0148MAN00000034User ManualiiTable of ContentsKit Contents and Storage (iv)Accessory Products (v)Introduction (1)Overview (1)Methods (3)Cloning into pPICZ A, B, and C (3)Pichia Transformation (9)Expression in Pichia (13)Purification (15)Appendix (17)Recipes (17)Zeocin™ (19)Map and Features of pPICZ A, B, and C (21)Lithium Chloride Transformation Method (23)Construction of In Vitro Multimers (24)Technical Support (32)Purchaser Notification (33)References (34)iiiKit Contents and StorageContents The following components are included with Catalog no. V190–20. Note that thepPICZ expression vectors are supplied in suspension.Component QuantityCompositionpPICZ A Expression Vector 20 μg 40 μl of 0.5 μg/μl vector in10 mM Tris–HCl, 1 mM EDTA,pH 8.0pPICZ B Expression Vector 20 μg 40 μl of 0.5 μg/μl vector in10 mM Tris–HCl, 1 mM EDTA,pH 8.0pPICZ C Expression Vector 20 μg 40 μl of 0.5 μg/μl vector in10 mM Tris–HCl, 1 mM EDTA,pH 8.0GS115/pPICZ/lacZ Positive1 stab --Control strainShipping/Storage The components included with Catalog no. V190–20 are shipped on wet ice.Upon receipt, store as directed below.For long-term storage of your positive control stab strain, we recommendpreparing a glycerol stock immediately upon receipt and storing at –80°C.Component ShippingStorage pPICZ A Expression Vector Wet ice Store at –20°CpPICZ B Expression Vector Wet ice Store at –20°CpPICZ C Expression Vector Wet ice Store at –20°CGS115/pPICZ/lacZ positive control strain Wet ice Store at 4°CivAccessory ProductsAdditional ProductsThe products listed in this section are intended for use with the pPICZ vectors.For more information, visit our web site at or contactTechnical Support (page 32).Product QuantityCatalogno. X-33 Pichia strain 1 stab C180-00GS115 Pichia strain 1 stab C181-00KM71H Pichia strain 1 stab C182-00SMD1168H Pichia strain 1 stab C184-00pPICZα A, B, and C 20 μg each V195-20pPIC6α A,B, and C 20 μg each V215-20pPIC6 A, B, and C 20 μg each V210-20pPIC6 Starter Kit 1 kit K210-01Original Pichia Expression Kit 1 kit K1710-01EasySelect™Pichia Expression Kit 1 kit K1740-01Pichia EasyComp™ Transformation Kit 1 kit K1730-01Pichia Protocols 1 book G100-01PureLink™ Gel Extraction Kit 50 preps250 prepsK2100–12K2100–25S.N.A.P ™ Gel Purification Kit 25 preps K1999–25PureLink™ Quick Plasmid Miniprep Kit 50 preps250 prepsK2100–10K2100–11PureLink™ HiPure Plasmid Midiprep Kit 25 preps50 prepsK2100–04K2100–13One Shot® TOP10 (chemically competent E. coli) 10 reactions20 reactionsC4040–10C4040–03One Shot® TOP10 Electrocompetent E. Coli 10 reactions20 reactionsC4040-50C4040-52TOP10 Electrocomp™ Kits 20 reactions C664–55Positope™ Control Protein 5 μg R900-50CIAP (Calf Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase) 1,000 units 18009–019T4 DNA Ligase 100 units500 units15224–01715224–025Zeocin™ 1g5 gR250-01R250-05β-Gal Assay Kit 1 kit K1455-01β-Gal Staining Kit 1 kit K1465-01E-Gel® Agarose Gels E-Gel® Agarose Gels are bufferless, pre-cast agarose gels designed for fast, convenient electrophoresis of DNA samples. E-Gel® agarose gels are available in different agarose percentage and well format for your convenience.For more details on these products, visit our web site at or contact Technical Support (page 32).Continued on next pagevAccessory Products, ContinuedZeocin™Zeocin™ may be obtained from Invitrogen (see above). For your convenience, the drug is prepared in autoclaved, deionized water and available in 1.25 ml aliquotsat a concentration of 100 mg/ml. The stability of Zeocin™ is guaranteed for sixmonths if stored at –20°C.Detection of Fusion Protein A number of antibodies are available from Invitrogen to detect expression ofyour fusion protein from the pPICZ vector. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated antibodies allow one-step detection in Western blots usingcolorimetric or chemiluminescent detection methods. The amount of antibodysupplied is sufficient for 25 Western Blots.Antibody Epitope Catalogno.Anti-myc R950–25 Anti-myc-HRPDetects the 10 amino acid epitopederived from c-myc (Evans et al., 1985):EQKLISEEDLR951–25Anti-His(C-term) R930–25Anti-His(C-term)-HRPDetects the C-terminal polyhistidine(6xHis) tag (requires the free carboxylgroup for detection) (Lindner et al., 1997):HHHHHH-COOHR931–25Purification of Fusion Protein The polyhistidine (6xHis) tag allows purification of the recombinant fusionprotein using metal-chelating resins such as ProBond™. Ordering information forProBond™ resin is provided below.Product QuantityCatalogno. ProBond™ Purification System 6 purifications K850–01ProBond ™ Purification System with Anti-myc-HRP Antibody1 Kit K852–01ProBond ™ Purification System with Anti-His(C-term)-HRP Antibody1 Kit K853–01ProBond™ Nickel-Chelating Resin 50 ml150 mlR801–01R801–15Purification Columns 50 each R640–50viIntroductionOverviewIntroduction pPICZ A, B, and C are 3.3 kb expression vectors used to express recombinantproteins in Pichia pastoris. Recombinant proteins are expressed as fusions to aC-terminal peptide containing the c-myc epitope and a polyhistidine (6xHis) tag.The vector allows high-level, methanol inducible expression of the gene ofinterest in Pichia, and can be used in any Pichia strain including X33, GS115,SMD1168H, and KM71H. pPICZ contains the following elements:•5′ fragment containing the AOX1 promoter for tightly regulated, methanol-induced expression of the gene of interest (Ellis et al., 1985; Koutz et al., 1989;Tschopp et al., 1987a)•Zeocin™ resistance gene for selection in both E. coli and Pichia (Baron et al.,1992; Drocourt et al., 1990)•C-terminal peptide containing the c-myc epitope and a polyhistidine (6xHis)tag for detection and purification of a recombinant fusion protein (if desired)•Three reading frames to facilitate in-frame cloning with the C-terminalpeptideReference Sources The pPICZ A, B, and C expression vectors may be used with the Original Pichia Expression Kit, and are included in the EasySelect™Pichia Expression Kit (see page v for ordering information). Additional general information about recombinant protein expression in Pichia pastoris is provided in the manuals for the Original Pichia Expression Kit and the EasySelect™Pichia Expression Kit. For more information about the Original Pichia Expression Kit, the EasySelect™Pichia Expression Kit, or their manuals, visit our web site at or contact Technical Support (page 32).More detailed information and protocols dealing with Pichia pastoris may also be found in the following general reference:Higgins, D. R., and Cregg, J. M. (1998) Pichia Protocols. In Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 103. (J. M. Walker, ed. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ) (see page v for ordering information).Recommended Pichia Host Strain We recommend using the X-33 Pichia strain as the host for expression of recombinant proteins from pPICZ. Other Pichia strains including GS115, KM71H, and SMD1168H are suitable. The X-33 Pichia strain and other strains are available from Invitrogen (see page v for ordering information). The X-33 Pichia strain has the following genotype and phenotype:Genotype: Wild-typePhenotype: Mut+1Overview, ContinuedExperimental Overview The following table describes the basic steps needed to clone and express your gene of interest in pPICZ.Step Action1 Propagate pPICZ A, B, and C by transformation into a rec A, end A1E. coli strain such as TOP10, DH5 , or JM109.2 Develop a cloning strategy and ligate your gene into one of the pPICZvectors in frame with the C-terminal tag.3 TransformintoE. coli and select transformants on Low Salt LB platescontaining 25 μg/ml Zeocin™.4 Analyze 10–20 transformants by restriction mapping or sequencing toconfirm in-frame fusion of your gene with the C-terminal tag.5 Purify and linearize the recombinant plasmid for transformation intoPichia pastoris.6 TransformyourPichia strain and plate onto YPDS plates containing the appropriate concentration of Zeocin™.7 Select for Zeocin™-resistant transformants.8 Optimize expression of your gene.9 Purify your fusion protein on metal-chelating resin (i.e. ProBond™).Continued on next page2MethodsCloning into pPICZ A, B, and CIntroduction The pPICZ vector is supplied with the multiple cloning site in three readingframes (A, B, and C) to facilitate cloning your gene of interest in frame with theC-terminal peptide containing the c-myc epitope and a polyhistidine (6xHis) tag.Use the diagrams provided on pages 5–7 to help you design a strategy to cloneyour gene of interest in frame with the C-terminal peptide. Generalconsiderations for cloning and transformation are discussed in this section.General Molecular Biology Techniques For assistance with E. coli transformations, restriction enzyme analysis, DNA biochemistry, and plasmid preparation, refer to Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Sambrook et al., 1989) or Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel et al., 1994).E. coli Strain Many E. coli strains are suitable for the propagation of the pPICZ vectorsincluding TOP10, JM109, and DH5 . We recommend that you propagate thepPICZ vectors in E. coli strains that are recombination deficient (rec A) andendonuclease A deficient (end A).For your convenience, TOP10 E. coli are available as chemically competent orelectrocompetent cells from Invitrogen (page v).Transformation Method You may use any method of choice for transformation. Chemical transformation is the most convenient for many researchers. Electroporation is the most efficient and the method of choice for large plasmids.Maintenance of Plasmids The pPICZ vectors contain the Zeocin™ resistance (Sh ble) gene to allow selection of the plasmid using Zeocin™. To propagate and maintain the pPICZ plasmids, we recommend using the following procedure:e 10 ng of your vector to transform a rec A, end A E. coli strain like TOP10,DH5 , JM109, or equivalent (see above).2.Select transformants on Low Salt LB plates containing 25 μg/ml Zeocin™ (seepage 17 for a recipe).3.Prepare a glycerol stock from each transformant containing plasmid forlong-term storage (see page 8).Continued on next page3Cloning into pPICZ A, B, and C, ContinuedGeneral Considerations The following are some general points to consider when using pPICZ to express your gene of interest in Pichia:•The codon usage in Pichia is believed to be similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.•Many Saccharomyces genes have proven to be functional in Pichia.•The premature termination of transcripts because of "AT rich regions" has been observed in Pichia and other eukaryotic systems (Henikoff & Cohen, 1984; Irniger et al., 1991; Scorer et al., 1993; Zaret & Sherman, 1984). If you have problems expressing your gene, check for premature termination by northern analysis and check your sequence for AT rich regions. It may be necessary to change the sequence in order to express your gene (Scorer et al., 1993).•The native 5´ end of the AOX1 mRNA is noted in the diagram for each multiple cloning site. This information is needed to calculate the size of the expressed mRNA of the gene of interest if you need to analyze mRNA for any reason.Cloning Considerations For proper initiation of translation, your insert should contain an initiation ATG codon as part of a yeast consensus sequence (Romanos et al., 1992). An example of a yeast consensus sequence is provided below. The ATG initiation codon is shown underlined.(G/A)NNATG GTo express your gene as a recombinant fusion protein, you must clone your gene in frame with the C-terminal peptide containing the c-myc epitope and the polyhistidine tag. The vector is supplied in three reading frames to facilitate cloning. Refer to the diagrams on pages 5–7 to develop a cloning strategy.If you wish to express your protein without the C-terminal peptide, be sure to include a stop codon.Construction of Multimeric Plasmids pPICZ A, B, and C contain unique Bgl II and Bam H I sites to allow construction of plasmids containing multiple copies of your gene. For information on how to construct multimers, refer to pages 24–31.Continued on next page4Multiple CloningSite of pPICZ A Below is the multiple cloning site for pPICZ A. Restriction sites are labeled to indicate the cleavage site. The boxed nucleotides indicate the variable region.The multiple cloning site has been confirmed by sequencing and functionaltesting.You can download the complete sequence of pPICZ A from our web site at or by contacting Technical Support (see page 32).For a map and a description of the features of pPICZ, refer to the Appendix(pages 21–22). AAT AGC GCC GTC GAC CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT TGTTCCTCAG TTCAAGTTGG GCACTTACGA GAAGACCGGT CTTGCTAGAT TCTAATCAAG AGGATGTCAG AATGCCATTT GCCTGAGAGA TGCAGGCTTC ATTTTTGATA CTTTTTTATTTGTAACCTAT ATAGTATAGG ATTTTTTTTG TCATTTTGTT 1218Asn Ser Ala Val Asp His His His His His His ***3´ AOX1 priming site TGA GTTTTAGCCT TAGACATGAC AACCTTTTTT TTTATCATCA TTATTAGCTT ACTTTCATAA TTGCGACTGG TTCCAATTGA CAAGCTTTTG ATTTTAACGA CTTTTAACGA CAACTTGAGA AGATCAAAAA ACAACTAATT ATTCGAAACG AGGAATTCAC GTGGCCCAGC CGGCCGTCTC GGATCGGTAC CTCGAGCCGC GGCGGCCGCC AGCTT GGGCCC GAA CAA AAA CTC ATC TCA GAA GAG GAT CTG 811Glu Gln Lys Leu Ile Ser Glu Glu Asp Leu 5´ AOX1 priming sitemyc epitope3´polyadenylation sitePolyhistidine tag5´ end of AOX1 mRNA Sfu I Eco R I Pml I Sfi I Bsm B I Asp 718 I Kpn I Xho ISac II Not I Apa I 104210981158871931991Continued on next pageMultiple CloningSite of pPICZ B Below is the multiple cloning site for pPICZ B. Restriction sites are labeled to indicate the cleavage site. The boxed nucleotides indicate the variable region.The multiple cloning site has been confirmed by sequencing and functionaltesting.You can download the complete sequence of pPICZ B from our web site at or by contacting Technical Support (see page 32).For a map and a description of the features of pPICZ, refer to the Appendix(pages 21–22). AAT AGC GCC GTC GAC CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT TGA GTTTGTAGCC TTAGACATGA CTGTTCCTCA GTTCAAGTTG GGCACTTACG AGAAGACCGG TCTTGCTAGA TTCTAATCAA GAGGATGTCA GAATGCCATT TGCCTGAGAG ATGCAGGCTT CATTTTTGAT ACTTTTTTAT TTGTAACCTA TATAGTATAG GATTTTTTTT GTCATTTTGT TTC 1216Asn Ser Ala Val Asp His His His His His His ***3´ AOX1 priming site TGA GTTTGTAGCC TTAGACATGA AACCTTTTTT TTTATCATCA TTATTAGCTT ACTTTCATAA TTGCGACTGG TTCCAATTGA CAAGCTTTTG ATTTTAACGA CTTTTAACGA CAACTTGAGA AGATCAAAAA ACAACTAATTATTCGAAACG AGGAATTCAC GTGGCCCAGC CGGCCGTCTC GGATCGGTAC CTCGAGCCGC GGCGGCCGCC AGCTT TCTA GAA CAA AAA CTC ATC TCA GAA GAG GAT CTG 811Glu Gln Lys Leu Ile Ser Glu Glu Asp Leu 5´ AOX1 priming sitemyc epitope3´ polyadenylation site Polyhistidine tag5´ end of AOX1 mRNA Sfu I Eco R I Pml I Sfi I Bsm B I Asp 718 I Kpn I Xho ISac II Not I Xba I 104010961156871931991Continued on next pageMultiple CloningSite of pPICZ C Below is the multiple cloning site for pPICZ C. Restriction sites are labeled to indicate the cleavage site. The boxed nucleotides indicate the variable region.The multiple cloning site has been confirmed by sequencing and functionaltesting.You can download the complete sequence of pPICZ C from our web site at or by contacting Technical Support (see page 32).For a map and a description of the features of pPICZ, refer to the Appendix(pages 21–22). AAT AGC GCC GTC GAC CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT TGA GTTTGTAGCC TTAGACATGA CTGTTCCTCA GTTCAAGTTG GGCACTTACG AGAAGACCGG TCTTGCTAGA TTCTAATCAA GAGGATGTCA GAATGCCATT TGCCTGAGAG ATGCAGGCTT CATTTTTGAT ACTTTTTTAT TTGTAACCTA TATAGTATAG GATTTTTTTT GTCATTTTGT TTC 1217Asn Ser Ala Val Asp His His His His His His ***3´ AOX1 priming siteTGA GTTTGTAGCC TTAGACATGA AACCTTTTTT TTTATCATCA TTATTAGCTT ACTTTCATAA TTGCGACTGG TTCCAATTGA CAAGCTTTTG ATTTTAACGA CTTTTAACGA CAACTTGAGA AGATCAAAAA ACAACTAATT ATTCGAAACG AGGAATTCAC GTGGCCCAGC CGGCCGTCTC GGATCGGTAC CTCGAGCCGC GGCGGCCGCC AGCTT ACGTA GAA CAA AAA CTC ATC TCA GAA GAG GAT CTG 811Glu Gln Lys Leu Ile Ser Glu Glu Asp Leu 5´ AOX1 priming sitemyc epitope3´ polyadenylation site Polyhistidine tag5´ end of AOX1 mRNA Sfu I Eco R I Pml I Sfi I Bsm B I Asp 718 I Kpn I Xho I Sac II Not I Sna B I 104110971157871931991Continued on next pageE. coli Transformation Transform your ligation mixtures into a competent rec A, end A E. coli strain(e.g. TOP10, DH5, JM109) and select on Low Salt LB agar plates containing25 μg/ml Zeocin™ (see below). Note that there is no blue/white screening for the presence of insert with pPICZ A, B, or C. Once you have obtained Zeocin™-resistant colonies, pick 10 transformants and screen for the presence and orientation of your insert.Important To facilitate selection of Zeocin™-resistant E. coli, the salt concentration of the medium must remain low (<90 mM) and the pH must be 7.5. Prepare Low Salt LB broth and plates using the recipe in the Appendix, page 17.Failure to lower the salt content of your LB medium will result in non-selection due to inhibition of the drug.C We recommend that you sequence your construct to confirm that your gene is in the correct orientation for expression and cloned in frame with the C-terminal peptide (if desired). Refer to the diagrams on pages 5–7 for the sequences and location of the priming sites.Preparing a Glycerol Stock Once you have identified the correct clone, be sure to purify the colony and make a glycerol stock for long-term storage. It is also a good idea to keep a DNA stock of your plasmid at –20°C.1.Streak the original colony out on an Low Salt LB plate containing 25 μg/mlZeocin™. Incubate the plate at 37°C overnight.2.Isolate a single colony and inoculate into 1–2 ml of Low Salt LB containing25 μg/ml Zeocin™.3.Grow the culture to mid-log phase (OD600 = 0.5–0.7).4.Mix 0.85 ml of culture with 0.15 ml of sterile glycerol and transfer to acryovial.5.Store at –80°C.Plasmid Preparation Once you have cloned and sequenced your insert, generate enough plasmid DNA to transform Pichia (5–10 μg of each plasmid per transformation). We recommend isolating plasmid DNA using the PureLink™ Quick Plasmid Miniprep Kit or the PureLink™ HiPure Plasmid Midiprep Kit (page v), or CsCl gradient centrifugation.Once you have purified plasmid DNA, proceed to Pichia Transformation, next page.Pichia TransformationIntroduction You should now have your gene cloned into one of the pPICZ vectors. Yourconstruct should be correctly fused to the C-terminal peptide (if desired). Thissection provides general guidelines to prepare plasmid DNA, transform yourPichia strain, and select for Zeocin™-resistant clones.Zeocin™ Selection We generally use 100 μg/ml Zeocin™ to select for transformants when using the X-33 Pichia strain. If you are transforming your pPICZ construct into anotherPichia strain, note that selection conditions may vary. We recommendperforming a dose response curve to determine the appropriate concentration ofZeocin™ to use for selection of transformants in your strain.Method of Transformation We do not recommend spheroplasting for transformation of Pichia with plasmids containing the Zeocin™ resistance marker. Spheroplasting involves removal of the cell wall to allow DNA to enter the cell. Cells must first regenerate the cell wall before they are able to express the Zeocin™ resistance gene. For this reason, plating spheroplasts directly onto selective medium containing Zeocin™ does not yield any transformants.We recommend electroporation for transformation of Pichia with pPICZ A, B, or C. Electroporation yields 103 to 104 transformants per μg of linearized DNA and does not destroy the cell wall of Pichia. If you do not have access to an electroporation device, use the LiCl protocol on page 23 or the Pichia EasyComp™Transformation Kit available from Invitrogen (see below).PichiaEasyComp™Transformation Kit If you wish to perform chemical transformation of your Pichia strain with pPICZ A, B, or C, the Pichia EasyComp™ Transformation Kit is available from Invitrogen (see page v for ordering information). The Pichia EasyComp™ Transformation Kit provides reagents to prepare 6 preparations of competent cells. Each preparation will yield enough competent cells for 20 transformations. Competent cells may be used immediately or frozen and stored for future use. For more information, visit our web site at or contact Technical Support (page 32).Important Since pPICZ does not contain the HIS4 gene, integration can only occur at the AOX1 locus. Vector linearized within the 5´ AOX1 region will integrate by gene insertion into the host 5´ AOX1 region. Therefore, the Pichia host that you use will determine whether the recombinant strain is able to metabolize methanol (Mut+) or not (Mut S). To generate a Mut+ recombinant strain, you must use a Pichia host that contains the native AOX1 gene (e.g. X-33, GS115, SMD1168H). If you wish to generate a Mut S recombinant strain, then use a Pichia host that has a disrupted AOX1 gene (i.e. KM71H).Continued on next pageHis4 Host Strains Host strains containing the his4 allele (e.g. GS115) and transformed with thepPICZ vectors require histidine when grown in minimal media. Add histidine toa final concentration of 0.004% to ensure growth of your transformants.The pPICZ vectors do not contain a yeast origin of replication. Transformantscan only be isolated if recombination occurs between the plasmid and the Pichiagenome.Materials Needed You will need the following items:Note: Inclusion of sorbitol in YPD plates stabilizes electroporated cells as they appear tobe somewhat osmotically sensitive.•5–10 μg pure pPICZ containing your insert•YPD Medium•50 ml conical polypropylene tubes• 1 liter cold (4°C) sterile water (place on ice the day of the experiment)•25 ml cold (4°C) sterile 1 M sorbitol (place on ice the day of the experiment)•30°C incubator•Electroporation device and 0.2 cm cuvettes•YPDS plates containing the appropriate concentration of Zeocin™ (seepage 18 for recipe)Linearizing YourpPICZ ConstructTo promote integration, we recommend that you linearize your pPICZ constructwithin the 5′ AOX1 region. The table below lists unique sites that may be used tolinearize pPICZ prior to transformation. Other restriction sites are possible.Note that for the enzymes listed below, the cleavage site is the same for versionsA, B, and C of pPICZ. Be sure that your insert does not contain the restriction siteyou wish to use to linearize your vector.Enzyme Restriction Site (bp) SupplierSac I 209 ManyPme I 414 New England BiolabsBst X I 707 ManyRestriction Digest 1.Digest ~5–10 μg of plasmid DNA with one of the enzymes listed above.2.Check a small aliquot of your digest by agarose gel electrophoresis forcomplete linearization.3.If the vector is completely linearized, heat inactivate or add EDTA to stopthe reaction, phenol/chloroform extract once, and ethanol precipitate using1/10 volume 3 M sodium acetate and 2.5 volumes of 100% ethanol.4.Centrifuge the solution to pellet the DNA, wash the pellet with 80% ethanol,air-dry, and resuspend in 10 μl sterile, deionized water. Use immediately orstore at –20°C.Continued on next pagePreparation of Pichia for Electroporation Follow the procedure below to prepare your Pichia pastoris strain for electroporation.1. Grow 5 ml of your Pichia pastoris strain in YPD in a 50 ml conical tube at30°C overnight.2. Inoculate 500 ml of fresh medium in a 2 liter flask with 0.1–0.5 ml of theovernight culture. Grow overnight again to an OD600 = 1.3–1.5.3. Centrifuge the cells at 1500 × g for 5 minutes at 4°C. Resuspend the pelletwith 500 ml of ice-cold (0–4°C), sterile water.4. Centrifuge the cells as in Step 3, then resuspend the pellet with 250 ml ofice-cold (0–4°C), sterile water.5. Centrifuge the cells as in Step 3, then resuspend the pellet in 20 ml of ice-cold (0–4°C) 1 M sorbitol.6. Centrifuge the cells as in Step 3, then resuspend the pellet in 1 ml of ice-cold(0–4°C) 1 M sorbitol for a final volume of approximately 1.5 ml. Keep the cells on ice and use that day. Do not store cells.Transformation by Electroporation 1.Mix 80 μl of the cells from Step 6 (above) with 5–10 μg of linearized pPICZDNA (in 5–10 μl sterile water) and transfer them to an ice-cold (0–4°C)0.2 cm electroporation cuvette.2.Incubate the cuvette with the cells on ice for 5 minutes.3.Pulse the cells according to the parameters for yeast (Saccharomycescerevisiae) as suggested by the manufacturer of the specific electroporation device being used.4.Immediately add 1 ml of ice-cold 1 M sorbitol to the cuvette. Transfer thecuvette contents to a sterile 15 ml tube.5.Let the tube incubate at 30°C without shaking for 1 to 2 hours.6.Spread 50-200 μl each on separate, labeled YPDS plates containing theappropriate concentration of Zeocin™.7.Incubate plates for 2–3 days at 30°C until colonies form.8.Pick 10–20 colonies and purify (streak for single colonies) on fresh YPD orYPDS plates containing the appropriate concentration of Zeocin™.Continued on next pageGenerally, several hundred Zeocin™-resistant colonies are generated using theprotocol on the previous page. If more colonies are needed, the protocol may bemodified as described below. Note that you will need ~20, 150 mm plates withYPDS agar containing the appropriate concentration of Zeocin™.1. Set up two transformations per construct and follow Steps 1 through 5 ofthe Transformation by Electroporation protocol, page 11.2. After 1 hour in 1 M sorbitol at 30°C (Step 5, previous page), add 1 ml YPDmedium to each tube.3. Shake (~200 rpm) the cultures at 30°C.4. After 1 hour, take one of the tubes and plate out all of the cells by spreading200 μl on 150 mm plates containing the appropriate concentration ofZeocin™.5. Optional: Continue incubating the other culture for three more hours (for atotal of four hours) and then plate out all of the cells by spreading 200 μl on150 mm plates containing the appropriate concentration of Zeocin™.6. Incubate plates for 2–4 days at 30°C until colonies form.Mut Phenotype If you used a Pichia strain containing a native AOX1 gene (e.g. X-33, GS115,SMD1168H) as the host for your pPICZ construct, your Zeocin™-resistanttransformants will be Mut+. If you used a strain containing a deletion in theAOX1 gene (e.g. KM71H), your transformants will be Mut S.If you wish to verify the Mut phenotype of your Zeocin™-resistant transformants,you may refer to the general guidelines provided in the EasySelect™PichiaExpression Kit manual or the Original Pichia Expression Kit manual or topublished reference sources (Higgins & Cregg, 1998).You are now ready to test your transformants for expression of your gene ofinterest. See Expression in Pichia, next page.。

第一页A band|A带A chromosome|A染色体[二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体（不同于B染色体）] A site|[核糖体]A部位ABA|脱落酸abasic site|脱碱基位点，无碱基位点abaxial|远轴的abequose|阿比可糖，beta脱氧岩藻糖aberrant splicing|异常剪接aberration|象差；畸变；失常abiogenesis|自然发生论，无生源论ablastin|抑殖素（抑制微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体）abnormal distrbution|非正态分布abnormality|异常，失常；畸形，畸变ABO blood group system|ABO血型系统aboriginal mouse|原生鼠abortin|流产素abortion|流产，败育abortive egg|败育卵abortive infection|流产（性）感染abortive transduction|流产（性）转导ABP|肌动蛋白结合蛋白abrin|相思豆毒蛋白abscisic acid|脱落酸abscission|脱落absolute|绝对的absolute configuration|绝对构型absolute counting|绝对测量absolute deviation|绝对偏差absolute error|绝对误差absorbance|吸收，吸光度absorbed dose|吸收剂量absorbent|吸收剂absorptiometer|吸光计absorptiometry|吸光测定法absorption|吸收absorption band|吸收谱带absorption cell|吸收池absorption coefficient|吸收系数absorption spectroscopy|吸收光谱法absorption spectrum|吸收光谱；吸收谱absorptive endocytosis|吸收（型）胞吞（作用） absorptive pinocytosis|吸收（型）胞饮（作用） absorptivity|吸光系数；吸收性abundance|丰度abundant|丰富的，高丰度的abundant mRNAs|高丰度mRNAabzyme|抗体酶acaricidin|杀螨剂accedent variation|偶然变异accelerated flow method|加速流动法accepting arm|[tRNA的]接纳臂acceptor|接纳体，（接）受体acceptor site|接纳位点，接受位点acceptor splicing site|剪接受体acceptor stem|[tRNA的]接纳茎accessible|可及的accessible promoter|可及启动子accessible surface|可及表面accessory|零件，附件；辅助的accessory cell|佐细胞accessory chromosome|副染色体accessory factor|辅助因子accessory nucleus|副核accessory pigment|辅助色素accessory protein|辅助蛋白（质）accommodation|顺应accumulation|积累，累积accuracy|准确度acenaphthene|二氢苊acene|并苯acentric|无着丝粒的acentric fragment|无着丝粒断片acentric ring|无着丝粒环acetal|缩醛acetaldehyde|乙醛acetalresin|缩醛树脂acetamidase|乙酰胺酶acetamide|乙酰胺acetate|乙酸盐acetic acid|乙酸，醋酸acetic acid bacteria|乙酸菌，醋酸菌acetic anhydride|乙酸酐acetification|乙酸化作用，醋化作用acetin|乙酸甘油酯，三乙酰甘油酯acetoacetic acid|乙酰乙酸Acetobacter|醋杆菌属acetogen|产乙酸菌acetogenic bacteria|产乙酸菌acetome body|酮体acetome powder|丙酮制粉[在-30度以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物] acetomitrile|乙腈acetone|丙酮acetyl|乙酰基acetyl coenzyme A|乙酰辅酶Aacetylcholine|乙酰胆碱acetylcholine agonist|乙酰胆碱拮抗剂acetylcholine receptor|乙酰胆碱受体acetylcholinesterase|乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylene|乙炔acetylene reduction test|乙炔还原试验[检查生物体的固氮能力] acetylglucosaminidase|乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶acetylglutamate synthetase|乙酰谷氨酸合成酶acetylsalicylate|乙酰水杨酸；乙酰水杨酸盐、酯、根acetylsalicylic acid|乙酰水杨酸acetylspiramycin|乙酰螺旋霉素AchE|乙酰胆碱酯酶achiral|非手性的acholeplasma|无胆甾原体AchR|乙酰胆碱受体achromatic|消色的；消色差的achromatic color|无色achromatic lens|消色差透镜achromatin|非染色质acid catalysis|酸催化acid fibroblast growth factor|酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acid fuchsin|酸性品红acid glycoprotein|酸性糖蛋白acid hydrolyzed casein|酸水解酪蛋白acid medium|酸性培养基acid mucopolysaccharide|酸性粘多糖acid phosphatase|酸性磷酸酶acid protease|酸性蛋白酶acid solvent|酸性溶剂acidic|酸性的acidic amino acid|酸性氨基酸acidic protein|酸性蛋白质[有时特指非组蛋白]acidic transactivator|酸性反式激活蛋白acidic transcription activator|酸性转录激活蛋白 acidification|酸化（作用）acidifying|酸化（作用）acidolysis|酸解acidophilia|嗜酸性acidophilic bacteria|嗜酸菌acidophilous milk|酸奶aclacinomycin|阿克拉霉素acoelomata|无体腔动物acomitic acid|乌头酸aconitase|顺乌头酸酶aconitate|乌头酸；乌头酸盐、酯、根aconitine|乌头碱aconitum alkaloid|乌头属生物碱ACP|酰基载体蛋白acquired character|获得性状acquired immunity|获得性免疫acridine|吖啶acridine alkaloid|吖啶（类）生物碱acridine dye|吖啶燃料acridine orange|吖啶橙acridine yellow|吖啶黄acriflavine|吖啶黄素acroblast|原顶体acrocentric chromosome|近端着丝染色体acrolein|丙烯醛acrolein polymer|丙烯醛类聚合物acrolein resin|丙烯醛树脂acropetal translocation|向顶运输acrosin|顶体蛋白acrosomal protease|顶体蛋白酶acrosomal reaction|顶体反应acrosome|顶体acrosome reaction|顶体反应acrosomic granule|原顶体acrosyndesis|端部联会acrylamide|丙烯酰胺acrylate|丙烯酸酯、盐acrylic acid|丙烯酸acrylic polymer|丙烯酸（酯）类聚合物acrylic resin|丙烯酸（酯）类树脂acrylketone|丙烯酮acrylonitrile|丙烯腈actidione|放线（菌）酮[即环己酰亚胺]actin|肌动蛋白actin filament|肌动蛋白丝actinin|辅肌动蛋白[分为alfa、beta两种，beta蛋白即加帽蛋白] actinmicrofilament|肌动蛋白微丝actinometer|化学光度计actinomorphy|辐射对称[用于描述植物的花]actinomycetes|放线菌actinomycin D|放线菌素Dactinospectacin|放线壮观素，壮观霉素，奇霉素action|作用action current|动作电流action potential|动作电位action spectrum|动作光谱activated sludge|活性污泥activated support|活化支持体activating group|活化基团activating transcription factor|转录激活因子activation|激活；活化activation analysis|活化分析activation energy|活化能activator|激活物，激活剂，激活蛋白activator protein|激活蛋白active absorption|主动吸收active biomass|活生物质active carbon|活性碳active center|活性中心active chromatin|活性染色质active dry yeast|活性干酵母active dydrogen compounds|活性氢化合物active ester of amino acid|氨基酸的活化酯active hydrogen|活性氢active immunity|主动免疫active oxygen|活性氧active site|活性部位，活性中心active transport|主动转运active uptake|主动吸收activin|活化素[由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素]activity|活性，活度，（放射性）活度actomyosin|肌动球蛋白actophorin|载肌动蛋白[一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白]acute|急性的acute infection|急性感染acute phase|急性期acute phase protein|急性期蛋白，急相蛋白acute phase reaction|急性期反应，急相反应[炎症反应急性期机体的防御反应] acute phase reactive protein|急性期反应蛋白，急相反应蛋白acute phase response|急性期反应，急相反应acute toxicity|急性毒性ACV|无环鸟苷acyclic nucleotide|无环核苷酸acycloguanosine|无环鸟苷，9-（2-羟乙氧甲基）鸟嘌呤acyclovir|无环鸟苷acyl|酰基acyl carrier protein|酰基载体蛋白acyl cation|酰（基）正离子acyl chloride|酰氯acyl CoA|脂酰辅酶Aacyl coenzyem A|脂酰辅酶Aacyl fluoride|酰氟acyl halide|酰卤acylamino acid|酰基氨基酸acylase|酰基转移酶acylating agent|酰化剂acylation|酰化acylazide|酰叠氮acylbromide|酰溴acyloin|偶姻acyltransferase|酰基转移酶adamantanamine|金刚烷胺[曾用作抗病毒剂]adamantane|金刚烷adaptability|适应性adaptation|适应adapter|衔接头；衔接子adapter protein|衔接蛋白质adaptin|衔接蛋白[衔接网格蛋白与其他蛋白的胞质区]adaptive behavior|适应性行为adaptive enzyme|适应酶adaptive molecule|衔接分子adaptive response|适应反应[大肠杆菌中的DNA修复系统]adaptor|衔接头；衔接子adaxial|近轴的addition|加成addition compound|加成化合物addition haploid|附加单倍体addition line|附加系additive|添加物，添加剂additive effect|加性效应additive genetic variance|加性遗传方差additive recombination|插入重组，加插重组[因DNA插入而引起的基因重组] addressin|地址素[选择蛋白(selectin)的寡糖配体，与淋巴细胞归巢有关]adducin|内收蛋白[一种细胞膜骨架蛋白，可与钙调蛋白结合]adduct|加合物，加成化合物adduct ion|加合离子adenine|腺嘌呤adenine arabinoside|啊糖腺苷adenine phosphoribosyltransferase|腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶adenoma|腺瘤adenosine|腺嘌呤核苷，腺苷adenosine deaminase|腺苷脱氨酶adenosine diphoshate|腺苷二磷酸adenosine monophosphate|腺苷（一磷）酸adenosine phosphosulfate|腺苷酰硫酸adenosine triphosphatase|腺苷三磷酸酶adenosine triphosphate|腺苷三磷酸adenovirus|腺病毒adenylate|腺苷酸；腺苷酸盐、酯、根adenylate cyclase|腺苷酸环化酶adenylate energy charge|腺苷酸能荷adenylate kinase|腺苷酸激酶adenylic acid|腺苷酸adenylyl cyclase|腺苷酸环化酶adenylylation|腺苷酰化adherence|粘着，粘附，粘连；贴壁adherent cell|贴壁赴 徽匙牛ㄐ裕┫赴 掣剑ㄐ裕┫赴?/P>adherent culture|贴壁培养adhering junction|粘着连接adhesin|粘附素[如见于大肠杆菌]adhesion|吸附，结合，粘合；粘着，粘附，粘连adhesion factor|粘着因子，粘附因子adhesion molecule|粘着分子，粘附分子adhesion plaque|粘着斑adhesion protein|粘着蛋白，吸附蛋白adhesion receptor|粘着受体adhesion zone|粘着带[如见于细菌壁膜之间]adhesive|粘合剂，胶粘剂adhesive glycoprotein|粘着糖蛋白adipic acid|己二酸，肥酸adipocyte|脂肪细胞adipokinetic hormone|脂动激素[见于昆虫]adipose tissue|脂肪组织adjust|[动]调节，调整；修正adjustable|可调的adjustable miropipettor|可调微量移液管adjustable spanner|活动扳手adjusted retention time|调整保留时间adjusted retention volume|调整保留体积adjuvant|佐剂adjuvant cytokine|佐剂细胞因子adjuvant peptide|佐剂肽adjuvanticity|佐剂（活）性adoptive immunity|过继免疫adoptive transfer|过继转移ADP ribosylation|ADP核糖基化ADP ribosylation factor|ADP核糖基化因子ADP ribosyltransferase|ADP核糖基转移酶adrenal cortical hormone|肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenaline|肾上腺素adrenergic receptor|肾上腺素能受体adrenocepter|肾上腺素受体adrenocorticotropic hormone|促肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenodoxin|肾上腺皮质铁氧还蛋白adriamycin|阿霉素，亚德里亚霉素adsorbent|吸附剂adsorption|吸附adsorption catalysis|吸附催化adsorption center|吸附中心adsorption chromatography|吸附层析adsorption film|吸附膜adsorption isobar|吸附等压线adsorption isotherm|吸附等温线adsorption layer|吸附层adsorption potential|吸附电势adsorption precipitation|吸附沉淀adsorption quantity|吸附量adult diarrhea rotavirus|成人腹泻轮状病毒advanced glycosylation|高级糖基化advanced glycosylation end product|高级糖基化终产物 adventitious|不定的，无定形的adverse effect|反效果，副作用aecidiospore|锈孢子，春孢子aeciospore|锈孢子，春孢子aequorin|水母蛋白，水母素aeration|通气aerator|加气仪，加气装置aerial mycelium|气生菌丝体aerobe|需氧菌[利用分子氧进行呼吸产能并维持正常生长繁殖的细菌] aerobic|需氧的aerobic bacteria|需氧（细）菌aerobic cultivation|需氧培养aerobic glycolysis|有氧酵解aerobic metabolism|有氧代谢aerobic respiration|需氧呼吸aerobic waste treatment|需氧废物处理aerobiosis|需氧生活aerogel|气凝胶aerogen|产气菌aerolysin|气单胞菌溶素Aeromonas|气单胞菌属aerosol|气溶胶aerosol gene delivery|气溶胶基因送递aerospray ionization|气喷射离子化作用aerotaxis|趋氧性[（细胞）随环境中氧浓度梯度进行定向运动]aerotolerant bacteria|耐氧菌[不受氧毒害的厌氧菌]aerotropism|向氧性aesculin|七叶苷，七叶灵aetiology|病原学B cell|B细胞B cell antigen receptor|B细胞抗原受体B cell differentiation factor|B细胞分化因子B cell growth factor|B细胞生长因子B cell proliferation|B细胞增殖B cell receptor|B细胞受体B cell transformation|B细胞转化B chromosome|B染色体[许多生物（如玉米）所具有的异染质染色体] B to Z transition|B-Z转换[B型DNA向Z型DNA转换]Bacillariophyta|硅藻门Bacillus|芽胞杆菌属Bacillus anthracis|炭疽杆菌属Bacillus subtillis|枯草芽胞杆菌bacitracin|杆菌肽back donation|反馈作用back flushing|反吹，反冲洗back mutation|回复突变[突变基因又突变为原由状态]backbone|主链；骨架backbone hydrogen bond|主链氢键backbone wire model|主链金属丝模型[主要反应主链走向的实体模型]backcross|回交backflushing chromatography|反吹层析，反冲层析background|背景，本底background absorption|背景吸收background absorption correction|背景吸收校正background correction|背景校正background gactor|背景因子background genotype|背景基因型[与所研究的表型直接相关的基因以外的全部基因]background hybridization|背景杂交background radiation|背景辐射，本底辐射backmixing|反向混合backside attack|背面进攻backward reaction|逆向反应backwashing|反洗bacmid|杆粒[带有杆状病毒基因组的质粒，可在细菌和昆虫细胞之间穿梭]bacteremia|菌血症bacteria|（复）细菌bacteria rhodopsin|细菌视紫红质bacterial adhesion|细菌粘附bacterial alkaline phosphatase|细菌碱性磷酸酶bacterial artificial chromosome|细菌人工染色体bacterial colony|（细菌）菌落bacterial colony counter|菌落计数器bacterial conjugation|细菌接合bacterial filter|滤菌器bacterial invasion|细菌浸染bacterial motility|细菌运动性bacterial rgodopsin|细菌视紫红质，细菌紫膜质bacterial vaccine|菌苗bacterial virulence|细菌毒力bactericidal reaction|杀（细）菌反应bactericide|杀（细）菌剂bactericidin|杀（细）菌素bactericin|杀（细）菌素bacteriochlorophyll|细菌叶绿素bacteriochlorophyll protein|细菌叶绿素蛋白bacteriocide|杀（细）菌剂bacteriocin|细菌素bacteriocin typing|细菌素分型[利用细菌素对细胞进行分型]bacterioerythrin|菌红素bacteriofluorescein|细菌荧光素bacteriology|细菌学bacteriolysin|溶菌素bacteriolysis|溶菌（作用）bacteriolytic reaction|溶菌反应bacteriophaeophytin|细菌叶褐素bacteriophage|噬菌体bacteriophage arm|噬菌体臂bacteriophage conversion|噬菌体转变bacteriophage head|噬菌体头部bacteriophage surface expression system|噬菌体表面表达系统bacteriophage tail|噬菌体尾部bacteriophage typing|噬菌体分型bacteriophagology|噬菌体学bacteriopurpurin|菌紫素bacteriorhodopsin|细菌视紫红质bacteriosome|细菌小体[昆虫体内一种含有细菌的结构]bacteriostasis|抑菌(作用)bacteriostat|抑菌剂bacteriotoxin|细菌毒素bacteriotropin|亲菌素bacterium|细菌bacteroid|类菌体baculovirus|杆状病毒bag sealer|封边机baking soda|小苏打BAL 31 nuclease|BAL 31核酸酶balance|天平balanced heterokaryon|平衡异核体balanced lethal|平衡致死balanced lethal gene|平衡致死基因balanced linkage|平衡连锁balanced pathogenicity|平衡致病性balanced polymorphism|平衡多态性balanced salt solution|平衡盐溶液balanced solution|平衡溶液balanced translocation|平衡易位balbaini ring|巴尔比亚尼环[由于RNA大量合成而显示特别膨大的胀泡，在多线染色体中形成独特的环]Balbiani chromosome|巴尔比亚尼染色体[具有染色带的多线染色体，1881年首先发现于双翅目摇蚊幼虫]ball mill|球磨ball mill pulverizer|球磨粉碎机ball milling|球磨研磨balloon catheter|气囊导管[可用于基因送递，如将DNA导入血管壁]banana bond|香蕉键band|条带，带[见于电泳、离心等]band broadening|条带加宽band sharpening|条带变细，条带锐化band width|带宽banding pattern|带型banding technique|显带技术,分带技术barbiturate|巴比妥酸盐barium|钡barly strip mosaic virus|大麦条纹花叶病毒barly yellow dwarf virus|大麦黄矮病毒barnase|芽胞杆菌RNA酶[见于解淀粉芽胞杆菌]barophilic baceria|嗜压菌baroreceptor|压力感受器barotaxis|趋压性barotropism|向压性barr body|巴氏小体barrel|桶，圆筒[可用于描述蛋白质立体结构，如beta折叠桶]barrier|屏障，垒barstar|芽胞杆菌RNA酶抑制剂[见于解淀粉芽胞杆菌]basal|基础的，基本的basal body|基粒basal body temperature|基础体温basal component|基本成分，基本组分basal expression|基础表达，基态表达basal granule|基粒basal heat producing rate|基础产热率basal lamina|基膜，基板basal level|基础水平，基态水平basal medium|基本培养基，基础培养基basal medium Eagle|Eagle基本培养基basal metabolic rate|基础代谢率basal metabolism|基础代谢basal promoter element|启动子基本元件basal transcription|基础转录，基态转录basal transcription factor|基础转录因子base|碱基；碱base analog|碱基类似物，类碱基base catalysis|碱基催化base composition|碱基组成base pairing|碱基配对base pairing rules|碱基配对法则,碱基配对规则base peak|基峰base pire|碱基对base ratio|碱基比base stacking|碱基堆积base substitution|碱基置换baseline|基线baseline drift|基线漂移baseline noise|基线噪声basement membrane|基底膜basement membrane link protein|基底膜连接蛋白basic amino acid|碱性氨基酸basic fibroblast growth factor|碱性成纤维细胞生长因子basic fuchsin|碱性品红basic medium|基础培养基basic number of chromosome|染色体基数basic protein|碱性蛋白质basic solvent|碱性溶剂basic taste sensation|基本味觉basidiocarp|担子果basidiomycetes|担子菌basidium|担子basipetal translocation|向基运输basket centrifuge|（吊）篮式离心机basket drier|篮式干燥机basket type evaporator|篮式蒸发器basonuclin|碱（性）核蛋白[见于角质形成细胞，含有多对锌指结构] basophil|嗜碱性细胞basophil degranulation|嗜碱性细胞脱粒basophilia|嗜碱性batch|分批；批，一批batch cultivation|分批培养batch culture|分批培养物batch digestor|分批消化器batch extraction|分批抽提，分批提取batch fermentation|分批发酵，（罐）批发酵batch filtration|分批过滤batch operation|分批操作batch process|分批工艺，分批法batch reactor|间歇反应器，分批反应器batch recycle cultivation|分批再循环培养batch recycle culture|分批再循环培养（物）bathochrome|向红基bathochromic shift|红移bathorhodopsin|红光视紫红质，前光视紫红质batrachotoxin|树蛙毒素[固醇类生物碱，作用于钠通道] baytex|倍硫磷BCG vaccine|卡介苗bead mill|玻珠研磨机bead mill homogenizer|玻珠研磨匀浆机bean sprouts medium|豆芽汁培养基beauvericin|白僵菌素becquerel|贝可（勒尔）bed volume|（柱）床体积bee venom|蜂毒beef broth|牛肉汁beef extract|牛肉膏，牛肉提取物beet yellows virus|甜菜黄化病毒Beggiatoa|贝日阿托菌属[属于硫细菌]behavior|行为；性质，性能behavioral control|行为控制behavioral isolation|行为隔离behavioral thermoregulation|行为性体温调节behenic acid|山yu酸，二十二（烷）酸belt desmosome|带状桥粒belt press|压带机belt press filter|压带（式）滤器bench scale|桌面规模，小试规模benchtop bioprocessing|桌面生物工艺[小试规模]benchtop microcentrifuge|台式微量离心机bend|弯曲；弯管；转折bending|弯曲；转折，回折beneficial element|有益元素bent bond|弯键bent DNA|弯曲DNA,转折DNAbenzene|苯benzhydrylamine resin|二苯甲基胺树脂benzidine|联苯胺benzilate|三苯乙醇酸（或盐或酯）benzimidazole|苯并咪唑benzodiazine|苯并二嗪，酞嗪benzoin|苯偶姻，安息香benzophenanthrene|苯并菲benzopyrene|苯并芘benzoyl|苯甲酰基benzoylglycine|苯甲酰甘氨酸benzyl|苄基benzyladenine|苄基腺嘌呤benzylaminopurine|苄基氨基嘌呤benzylisoquinoline|苄基异喹啉benzylisoquinoline alkaloid|苄基异喹啉（类）生物碱benzylpenicillin|苄基青霉素berberine|小檗碱Bertrand rule|贝特朗法则bestatin|苯丁抑制素[可抑制亮氨酸氨肽酶的一种亮氨酸类似物]C value|C值[单倍基因组DNA的量]C value paradox|C值悖理[物种的C值和它的进化复杂性之间无严格对应关系]C4 dicarboxylic acid cycle|C4二羧酸循环cachectin|恶液质素[即alfa肿瘤坏死因子]cadaverine|尸胺cadherin|钙粘着蛋白[介导依赖（于）钙的细胞间粘着作用的一类跨膜蛋白质，分为E-,N-,P-等若干种，E表示上皮（epithelia)，N表示神经（neural），P表示胎盘（placental）] cadmium|镉caerulin|雨蛙肽cage|笼cage compound|笼形化合物cage coordination compound|笼形配合物cage effect|笼效应cage structure|笼形结构[非极性分子周围的水分子所形成的有序结构]calbindin|钙结合蛋白calciferol|麦角钙化（固）醇calcimedin|钙介蛋白[钙调蛋白拮抗剂]calcineurin|钙调磷酸酶[依赖于钙调蛋白的丝氨酸—苏氨酸磷酸酶]calcionin|降钙素calcium binding protein|钙结合蛋白（质）calcium binding site|钙结合部位calcium channel|钙通道calcium chloride|氯化钙calcium influx|钙流入calcium mediatory protein|钙中介蛋白（质）calcium phosphate|磷酸钙calcium phosphate precipitation|磷酸盐沉淀calcium pump|钙泵calcium sensor protein|钙传感蛋白（质）calcium sequestration|集钙（作用）calcyclin|钙（细胞）周边蛋白calcyphosine|钙磷蛋白[是依赖于cAMP的蛋白激酶的磷酸化底物]caldesmon|钙调（蛋白）结合蛋白[主要见于平滑肌，可与钙调蛋白及肌动蛋白结合] calelectrin|钙电蛋白[最初发现于鳗鱼电器官的一种钙结合蛋白]calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase|（小）牛小肠碱性磷酸酶calf serum|小牛血清calf thymus|小牛胸腺calgranulin|钙粒蛋白calibration|校准，标准calibration curve|校正曲线calibration filter|校准滤光片calibration protein|校准蛋白calicheamycin|刺孢霉素[来自刺孢小单胞菌的抗肿瘤抗生素，带有二炔烯官能团] calicivirus|杯状病毒calli|（复）胼胝体，愈伤组织[用于植物]；胼胝[见于动物皮肤]callose|胼胝质，愈伤葡聚糖callose synthetase|愈伤葡聚糖合成酶callus|胼胝体，愈伤组织[用于植物]；胼胝[见于动物皮肤]callus culture|愈伤组织培养calmodulin|钙调蛋白calnexin|钙联结蛋白[内质网的一种磷酸化的钙结合蛋白]calomel|甘汞calomel electrode|甘汞电极calorie|卡calpactin|依钙（结合）蛋白[全称为“依赖于钙的磷脂及肌动蛋白结合蛋白”]calpain|（需）钙蛋白酶calpain inhibitor|（需）钙蛋白酶抑制剂calpastatin|(需）钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白calphobindin|钙磷脂结合蛋白calphotin|钙感光蛋白[感光细胞的一种钙结合蛋白]calprotectin|（肌）钙网蛋白[骨骼肌肌质网膜上的钙结合蛋白]calretinin|钙（视）网膜蛋白calsequestrin|（肌）集钙蛋白calspectin|钙影蛋白calspermin|钙精蛋白[睾丸的一种钙调蛋白结合蛋白]caltractin|钙牵蛋白[一种与基粒相关的钙结合蛋白]Calvin cycle|卡尔文循环，光合碳还原环calyculin|花萼海绵诱癌素[取自花萼盘皮海绵的磷酸酶抑制剂]calyptra|根冠calyx|花萼cambium|形成层[见于植物]cAMP binding protein|cAMP结合蛋白cAMP receptor protein|cAMP受体蛋白cAMP response element|cAMP效应元件cAMP response element binding protein|cAMP效应元件结合蛋白Campbell model|坎贝尔模型camphane|莰烷camphane derivative|莰烷衍生物camphore|樟脑camptothecin|喜树碱Campylobacter|弯曲菌属Campylobacter fetus|胎儿弯曲菌属Canada balsam|加拿大香脂，枞香脂canaline|副刀豆氨酸canalization|[表型]限渠道化，发育稳态[尽管有遗传因素和环境条件的干扰，表型仍保持正常]canavanine|刀豆氨酸cancer|癌症cancer metastasis|癌症转移cancer suppressor gene|抑癌基因cancer suppressor protein|抑癌基因产物，抑癌蛋白（质）candicidin|杀假丝菌素candida|念珠菌属Candida albicans|白色念珠菌candle jar|烛罐cannabin|大麻苷；大麻碱canonical base|规范碱基canonical molecular orbital|正则分子轨道canonical partition function|正则配分函数canonical sequence|规范序列cantharidin|斑蝥素canthaxanthin|角黄素canyon|峡谷[常用于比喻某些生物大分子的主体结构特征]cap|帽，帽（结构）cap binding protein|帽结合蛋白cap site|加帽位点capacitation|获能[特指镜子在雌性生殖道中停留后获得使卵子受精的能力]capacity|容量capacity factor|容量因子capillarity|毛细现象capillary|毛细管；毛细血管capillary absorption|毛细吸收capillary action|毛细管作用capillary attraction|毛细吸力capillary column|毛细管柱capillary culture|毛细管培养capillary electrode|毛细管电极capillary electrophoresis|毛细管电泳capillary free electrophoresis|毛细管自由流动电泳capillary gas chromatography|毛细管气相层析capillary isoelectric focusing|毛细管等电聚焦capillary isotachophoresis|毛细管等速电泳capillary membrane module|毛细管膜包capillary transfer|毛细管转移[通过毛细管作用进行核酸的印迹转移] capillary tube|毛细管capillary tubing|毛细管capillary zone electrophoresis|毛细管区带电泳capillovirus|毛状病毒组capping|加帽，加帽反应；封闭反应；帽化，成帽capping enzyme|加帽酶capping protein|[肌动蛋白]加帽蛋白caprin|癸酸甘油酯caproin|己酸甘油酯capromycin|卷曲霉素，缠霉素caproyl|己酸基caprylin|辛酸甘油酯capsid|（病毒）衣壳，（病毒）壳体capsid protein|衣壳蛋白capsidation|衣壳化capsomer|（病毒）壳粒capsular polysaccharide|荚膜多糖capsulation|包囊化（作用），胶囊化（作用）capsule|荚膜capsule swelling reaction|荚膜肿胀反应capture|捕捉，俘获capture antigen|捕捉抗原[酶免疫测定中用于捕捉抗体的抗原]capture assay|捕捉试验carbamyl|氨甲酰基carbamyl ornithine|氨甲酰鸟氨酸carbamyl phosphate|氨甲酰磷酸carbamyl phosphate synthetase|氨甲酰磷酸合成酶carbamyl transferase|氨甲酰（基）转移酶carbamylation|氨甲酰化carbanion|碳负离子carbanyl group|羰基carbene|卡宾carbenicillin|羧苄青霉素carbenoid|卡宾体carbocation|碳正离子carbodiimide|碳二亚胺carbohydrate|糖类，碳水化合物carbohydrate fingerprinting|糖指纹分析carbohydrate mapping|糖作图，糖定位carbohydrate sequencing|糖测序carbol fuchsin|石炭酸品红carboline|咔啉，二氮芴carbon assimilation|碳同化carbon balance|碳平衡carbon cycling|碳循环carbon dioxide|二氧化碳carbon dioxide compensation|二氧化碳补偿点carbon dioxide fertilization|二氧化碳施肥carbon dioxide fixation|二氧化碳固定carbon dioxide tension|二氧化碳张力carbon fiber|碳纤维carbon fixation|碳固定carbon isotope|碳同位素carbon isotope analysis|碳同位素分析carbon isotope composition|碳同位素组成carbon monoxide|一氧化碳carbon source|碳源carbonate|碳酸盐，碳酸酯carbonate plant|碳化植物carbonic anhydrase|碳酸酐酶carbonium ion|碳正离子carbonyl|羰基carbonylation|羰基化carboxydismutase|羰基岐化酶，核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶 carboxydotrophic bacteria|一氧化碳营养菌carboxyglutamic acid|羧基谷氨酸carboxyl|羧基carboxyl protease|羧基蛋白酶carboxyl terminal|羧基端carboxyl transferase|羧基转移酶carboxylase|羧化酶carboxylation|羧（基）化carboxylic acid|羧酶carboxymethyl|羧甲基carboxymethyl cellulose|羧甲基纤维素carboxypeptidase|羧肽酶[包括羧肽酶A、B、N等]carcinogen|致癌剂carcinogenesis|致癌，癌的发生carcinogenicity|致癌性carcinoma|癌carcinostatin|制癌菌素cardenolide|强心苷cardiac aglycone|强心苷配基，强心苷元cardiac cycle|心动周期cardiac glycoside|强心苷cardiac receptor|心脏感受器cardiohepatid toxin|心肝毒素[如来自链球菌]cardiolipin|心磷脂cardiotoxin|心脏毒素cardiovascular center|心血管中枢cardiovascular disease|心血管疾病cardiovirus|心病毒属[模式成员是脑心肌炎病毒]carlavirus|香石竹潜病毒组carmine|洋红carminomycin|洋红霉素carmovirus|香石竹斑驳病毒组carnation latent virus|香石竹潜病毒carnation mottle virus|香石竹斑驳病毒carnation ringspot virus|香石竹环斑病毒carnitine|肉碱carnitine acyl transferase|肉碱脂酰转移酶carnosine|肌肽[即beta丙氨酰组氨酸]carotene|胡萝卜素carotene dioxygenase|胡萝卜素双加氧酶carotenoid|类胡萝卜素carotenoprotein|胡萝卜素蛋白carpel|[植物]心皮carrageen|角叉菜，鹿角菜carrageenin|角叉菜胶carrier|载体，运载体，携载体；携带者，带（病）毒者，带菌者 carrier ampholyte|载体两性电解质carrier catalysis|载体催化carrier coprecipitation|载体共沉淀carrier DNA|载体DNAcarrier free|无载体的carrier phage|载体噬菌体carrier precipitation|载体沉淀（作用）carrier state|携带状态carriomycin|腐霉素，开乐霉素cartridge|[萃取柱的]柱体；软片，胶卷；子弹，弹药筒casamino acid|（水解）酪蛋白氨基酸，酪蛋白水解物cascade|串联，级联，级联系统cascade amplification|级联放大cascade chromatography|级联层析cascade fermentation|级联发酵casein|酪蛋白，酪素casein kinase|酪蛋白激酶[分I、II两种]Casparian band|凯氏带[见于植物内表皮细胞]Casparian strip|凯氏带cassette|盒，弹夹[借指DNA序列组件]cassette mutagenesis|盒式诱变casting|铸，灌制CAT box|CAT框[真核生物结构基因上游的顺式作用元件]catabolism|分解代谢catabolite gene activator protein|分解代谢物基因激活蛋白 catabolite repression|分解代谢物阻抑，分解代谢产物阻遏catalase|过氧化氢酶catalytic active site|催化活性位catalytic activity|催化活性catalytic antibody|催化性抗体，具有催化活性的抗体catalytic constant|催化常数[符号Kcat]catalytic core|催化核心catalytic mechanism|催化机理catalytic RNA|催化性RNAcatalytic selectivity|催化选择性catalytic site|催化部位catalytic subunit|催化亚基cataphoresis|阳离子电泳cataract|白内障catechin|儿茶素catechol|儿茶酚，邻苯二酚catecholamine|儿茶酚胺catecholamine hormones|儿茶酚胺类激素catecholaminergic recptor|儿茶酚胺能受体catenane|连环（体），连锁，链条[如DNA连环体]；索烃catenating|连环，连接catenation|连环，连锁，成链catenin|连环蛋白[一类细胞骨架蛋白，分alfa/beta/gama三种] catharanthus alkaloid|长春花属生物碱cathepsin|组织蛋白酶[分为A、B、C、D、E…H、L等多种]catheter|导管cathode layer enrichment method|阴极区富集法cathode ray polarograph|阴极射线极谱仪cation acid|阳离子酸cationic acid|阳离子酸cationic catalyst|正离子催化剂cationic detergent|阳离子（型）去污剂cationic initiator|正离子引发剂cationic polymerization|正离子聚合，阳离子聚合 cationic surfactant|阳离子（型）表面活性剂cationization|阳离子化cauliflower mosaic virus|花椰菜花叶病毒caulimovirus|花椰菜花叶病毒组caulobacteria|柄病毒Cavendish laboratory|（英国）卡文迪什实验室caveola|小窝，小凹caveolae|(复）小窝，小凹caveolin|小窝蛋白cavitation|空腔化（作用）cavity|沟槽，模槽，空腔dammarane|达玛烷dammarane type|达玛烷型Dane particle|丹氏粒[乙型肝炎病毒的完整毒粒]dansyl|丹（磺）酰，1-二甲氨基萘-5-磺酰dansyl chloride|丹磺酰氯dansyl method|丹磺酰法dantrolene|硝苯呋海因[肌肉松弛剂]dark current|暗电流dark field|暗视野，暗视场dark field microscope|暗视野显微镜，暗视场显微镜 dark field microscopy|暗视野显微术，暗视场显微术 dark reaction|暗反应dark repair|暗修复dark respiration|暗呼吸dark room|暗室，暗房dark seed|需暗种子data accumulation|数据积累data acquisition|数据获取data analysis|数据分析data bank|数据库data base|数据库data handling|数据处理data logger|数据记录器data logging|数据记录data output|数据输出data processing|数据处理data recording|数据记录dauermodification|持续饰变daughter cell|子代细胞daughter chromatid|子染色单体daughter chromosome|子染色体daughter colony|子菌落[由原生菌落续发生长的小菌落]daunomycin|道诺霉素daunorubicin|道诺红菌素de novo sequencing|从头测序de novo synthesis|从头合成deactivation|去活化（作用），失活（作用），钝化deacylated tRNA|脱酰tRNAdead time|死时间dead volume|死体积deadenylation|脱腺苷化DEAE Sephacel|[商]DEAE-葡聚糖纤维素，二乙氨乙基葡聚糖纤维素 dealkylation|脱烷基化deaminase|脱氨酶deamination|脱氨（基）death phase|死亡期[如见于细胞生长曲线]death point|死点deblocking|去封闭debranching enzyme|脱支酶，支链淀粉酶debris|碎片，残渣decahedron|十面体decane|癸烷decantation|倾析decanting|倾析decapacitation|去（获）能decarboxylase|脱羧酶decarboxylation|脱羧（作用）decay|原因不明腐败decay accelerating factor|衰变加速因子decay constant|衰变常数deceleration phase|减速期[如见于细胞生长曲线]dechlorination|脱氯作用deciduous leaf|落叶decline phase|[细胞生长曲线的]衰亡期decoagulant|抗凝剂decoding|译码，解码decomposer|分解者[可指具有分解动植物残体或其排泄物能力的微生物] decompression|降压，减压decondensation|解凝（聚）decontaminant|净化剂，去污剂decontaminating agent|净化剂，去污剂decontamination|净化，去污decorin|核心蛋白聚糖[一种基质蛋白聚糖，又称为PG-40]dedifferentiation|去分化，脱分化deep colony|深层菌落deep etching|深度蚀刻deep jet fermentor|深部喷注发酵罐deep refrigeration|深度冷冻deep shaft system|深井系统[如用于污水处理]defasciculation factor|解束因子[取自水蛭，可破坏神经束]defective|缺损的，缺陷的defective interfering|缺损干扰defective interfering particle|缺损干扰颗粒，干扰缺损颗粒defective interfering RNA|缺损干扰RNAdefective interfering virus|缺损干扰病毒defective mutant|缺损突变体，缺陷突变型，缺陷突变株defective phage|缺损噬菌体，缺陷噬菌体defective virus|缺损病毒，缺陷病毒defense|防御，防卫defense peptide|防卫肽defense response|防御反应，防卫反应defensin|防卫素[动物细胞的内源性抗菌肽]deficiency|缺乏，缺损，缺陷deficient|缺少的，缺损的，缺陷的defined|确定的defined medium|确定成分培养基，已知成分培养液defintion|定义defoliating agent|脱叶剂defoliation|脱叶deformylase|去甲酰酶[见于原核细胞，作用于甲酰甲硫氨酸]degasser|脱气装置degassing|脱气，除气degeneracy|简并；简并性，简并度degenerate|简并的degenerate codon|简并密码子degenerate oligonucleotide|简并寡核苷酸degenerate primer|简并引物degenerate sequence|简并序列degeneration|退化，变性degenerin|退化蛋白[与某些感觉神经元的退化有关]deglycosylation|去糖基化degradable polymer|降解性高分子degradation|降解degranulation|脱（颗）粒（作用）degree of acidity|酸度degree of dominance|显性度degree of polymerization|聚合度degron|降解决定子[决定某一蛋白发生降解或部分降解的序列要素] deguelin|鱼藤素dehalogenation|脱卤（作用）dehardening|解除锻炼dehumidifier|除湿器dehydratase|脱水酶dehydrated medium|干燥培养基dehydration|脱水（作用）dehydroepiandrosterone|脱氢表雄酮dehydrogenase|脱氢酶dehydrogenation|脱氢（作用）dehydroluciferin|脱氢萤光素deionization|去离子（作用）deionized|去离子的deionized water|去离子水deionizing|去离子（处理）delayed early transcription|（延）迟早期转录[可特指病毒]delayed fluorescence|延迟荧光delayed heat|延迟热delayed hypersensitivity|延迟（型）超敏反应delayed ingeritance|延迟遗传delayed type hypersensitivity|迟发型超敏反应deletant|缺失体deletion|缺失deletion mapping|缺失定位，缺失作图deletion mutagenesis|缺失诱变deletion mutant|缺失突变体deletion mutantion|缺失突变deletional recombination|缺失重组delignification|脱木质化（作用）deliquescence|潮解delivery flask|分液瓶delocalized bond|离域键。