重型车用发动机排放-菲亚特集团

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In use compliance
• Since 2005 was possible to register vehicles according to Euro 4/5 emission values 从2005年开始可以按照欧4/欧5排放进行车辆注册 • Euro 4 Step 1 (ODB stage 1) are compulsory from Oct 2006 从2006年10月强制执行欧4第1阶段(OBD第1阶段)认证 • Euro 4 Step 2 (OBD stage 1 + NOx control) are compulsory from Oct 2007 从2007年10月强制执行欧4第2阶段(OBD第1阶段+NOx控制)认证 • Euro 5 (emission values + OBD stage 2) are compulsory from Oct 2009 从2009年10月开始欧5(排放+OBD第2阶段)
System Failure 系统不完善
+
NOx Control Torque reduction扭矩降低控制
Durability耐久性 In Use Compliance 在用车
Homologation class / weight认证 Control Measurements测量控制
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Euro 5 Legislation Europe 欧洲欧5法规
Heavy Duty Engine emissions Euro 4/5 重型车用发动机排放 欧4/欧5
Claudio Operti Manager R&D FPT China
FPT
“FPT” is FIAT POWERTRAIN TECHNOLOGIES FIAT动力总成技术
It is a company including in a single organization all the engine & driveline activities of the Fiat group worldwide是FIAT集团全世界包括所有发动机和动力传 动系统的独立的机构 Fiat automotive FIAT汽车 IVECO Others…其它 It is developing and producing 正在开发和生产 Diesel and gasoline engines 柴油和汽油发动机 From 1,0 liters up to 40 liters 从1.0L到40L For 用于 Cars轿车 Trucks卡车 Agricultural and earth moving农业和工程机械 Marine船用 Power generation发电 ….等等
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In-use compliance – 1 在用车符合性-1 The verification of conformity to emission standards of vehicles in real use is very critical on HD applications.检查重型在用车辆排 放符合性是非常临界的. As NOx and particulate emissions are very low at low engine load, any “conformity” test must be performed with the engine under high load. This requires either因为在发动机低负荷时NOx 和颗粒排放非常低,任何符合性测试必须在发动机高负荷时进行. Emission measurements on vehicle in operation on road 车辆排放在道路上运转 Use of a roller test bed (for a truck, a very heavy / expensive device)使用转鼓试验台(对于卡车,非常重/装置昂贵) Dismounting the engine (and the after treatment system) from the vehicle and installation on an engine test bed从车 辆上拆下发动机(和后处理系统)并安装到发动机排放试验台上.
OBD Stage 2
Durability耐久性 In Use Compliance 在用车
Homologation class / weight 认证分类/质量 Control Measurements 测量控制
Durability NEW ?
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2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
EC 88/77 Comp. Euro 3
SCR
0.10 PM (g/kWh)
Starting Point Euro 3 欧3起点
0.02
EURO 4
3,5 5 NOx (g/kWh)
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SCR: to match Euro 4 匹配欧4
SCR
0.10 PM (g/kWh)
2
Euro 3 Registration Europe 欧洲欧3注册
Till 2006 Euro 3
Emission Limits 排放限值
NOx PM
5,0 0,10
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Euro 4 Registration step 1 Europe 欧洲欧4第1阶段注册
Till 2006 Euro 3 2006 – 2007 Euro 4 3,5 0,02
4
Euro 4 Registration step 2 Europe欧洲欧4第2阶段注册
Till 2006 Euro 3
2006 – 2007 Euro 4 3,5 0,02
2007 – 2009
Emission Limits 排放限值
OBD Stage 1 OBD第1阶段
NOx PM
5,0 0,10
Engine adjustments
NOx reduction PM reduction
increase PM and fuel consumption reduce fuel consumption but NOx increase
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The technology choice 技术选择
Two possible solutions两种可能的解决方案:
EGR
SCR
Exhaust Gas Recirculation 废气再循环
Selective Catalytic Reduction 选择性催化转化器
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EGR: to match Euro 4 匹配欧4
EGR
0.10 PM (g/kWh)
Starting Point Euro 3 起点欧3
0.02
EURO 4
3,5 5 NOx (g/kWh)
15
EGR: to match Euro 4 匹配欧4
EGR
0.10 PM (g/kWh)
Starting Point Euro 3 起点欧3
PM Filter
0.02
EURO 4
3,5 5 NOx (g/kWh)
16
SCR: to match Euro 4 匹配欧4
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Legislation summary 法规概要
[g/kWh]
16,0
12,0
8,0 NOx CO HC 0,0 88/77 EC 1989 Euro 1 1994 Euro 2 1997 Euro 3 2001 Euro 4 2006 Euro 5 2009 PM
4,0
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Durabilty requirements 耐久性要求
It is expected that future European legislation will include a durability “demonstration” equivalent to the USA EPA approach未来 的欧洲法规将包含耐久性”试验实例”,等同于美国环保署方法
Emission Limits 排放限值
OBD Stage 1 OBD第1阶段
NOx PM
5,0 0,10
System Failure 系统不完善
Durability耐久性 In Use Compliance 在用车
Homologation class / weight 认证 类别/质量 Control Measurements 测量控制
Till 2006 Euro 3
– 2007
2007 – 2009
2009 Euro 5 2,0 0,02
Euro 4 3,5 0,02
Emission Limits 排放限值
OBD Stage 1 OBD第1阶段
NOx PM
5,0 0,10
System Failure 系统不完善
+
NOx Control Torque reduction
Emissions E3 Emissions E4 Emissions E5 Emissions E4 Emissions E5 Step 1 OBD Stage 1 Durability
Compulsory Euro 4
Comp. Euro 5
Emissions E4 Emissions E5 Step 2 OBD Stage 1 + NOx control Durability In use compliance OBD Stage 2 Durability New in use compliance Emissions E5
Present European Euro 4 legislations specifies that当前欧4法规说明 A minimum durability of the engine in terms of emissions legislation conformity must be guaranteed by the manufacturer (limit depending on vehicle class / size)排放法规中的发动机最低耐 久性符合性由制造厂保证(限值取决于车辆类型/尺寸) The same criteria applies to the after treatment system标准同样适 用于后处理系统 No specific demonstration of this durability is required. 没有明确 的耐久性”试验实例”要求