七年级英语下册unit 7 It's-raining!语法精讲
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最新人教版第七单元It’s raining单元知识点总结一、询问天气的句型及其答语.1.例句:--How’s the weather 天气怎么样-- It’s cloudy./It’s sunny./It’s raining.多云./晴天./在下雨.2.询问天气的句型:常见的询问天气的句型有:How’s the weather What’s the weather like ?两个句型后面都可以加“in+ 地点”,用以询问“某地天气如何”3.回答天气状况回答询问天气的问句时,通常用:“It’s +表示天气的形容词”。
常见的该类形容词有:fine(晴朗的)dry(干燥的) warm(温暖的) cold( 寒冷的) cool(凉爽的) hot(炎热的)rainy(下雨的)snowy(下雪的) sunny(晴朗的) cloudy(多云的)等。
同时也可以用现在进行时进行回答:It’s raining/snowing 正在下雨/ 下雪。
例句: --How’s the weather in your city—It’s war m.--What’s the weather like in Shanghai—It’s raining now.例1:How’s the weather in Shanghai( 同义句转换)例2.--- ___________________---It’s sunny today.A.How was the weather yesterdayB.How are you doingC.What fine weather!D.What’s the weather like today例3.—How’s the weather there---Great. It’s ______.I can make a snowman tomorrow.A.rainyB.sunnyC.cloudyD.snowy例4.连词成句:is What Beijing like the weather in______________________________________例5.单句改错:1.Howis the weatherlike ( )_________A B C D2.The weatheriswindy and rain. ( ) _________A B C D二、现在进行时1.例句:---What are you doing---I am cooking.---What are they doing---They’re playing basketball in the park.---What’s he doing---He’s studying at his friend’s home.2.用法:(1)表示说话时动作正在发生或进行。
七年级下册Unit 7 It’s raining. 知识点复习一、重点单词默写下雨,雨水________________ 多风的________________多云的________________晴朗的________________下雪,雪________________天气________________做饭________________坏的_______________公园________________信息________________他(宾)________________能__________________回来__________________ 困难________________再一次________________干燥的________________寒冷的________________热的______________温暖的________________参观________________加拿大___________________夏天________________坐___________________果汁_____________________不久________________假期________________努力地,困难的____________欧洲________________高山________________国家________________滑冰________________下雪的________________冬天________________俄罗斯的________________雪人________________多雨的________________二、短语归纳做某事很开心_____________________给某人捎口信_____________________给某人回电话_____________________告诉某人(不要)做某事___________________ 叫某人(不要)做某事马上;立刻_____________________在水池边____________________在下雨的天气里给某人写信_____________________高兴/难过做某事_____________________ 听起来像__________________寒/暑假_____________________学会很多_____________________努力学习_____________________没问题在电话中交谈_____________________三、重点语法。
(完整版)⼈教版初中英语七年级下册Unit7SectionA教材全解⼈教版初中英语七年级下册Unit7SectionA教材全解Unit 7 It’s raining!.Unit 7 Section A教材全解1.raining下⾬【重点注释】rain在这⾥是动词,意为“下⾬”,raining是动词rain的现在分词(v.ing形式)。
例如:It often rains in summer.夏天经常下⾬。
It is raining outside.外⾯正在下⾬。
【拓展记忆】1)rain还可作名词,是不可数名词,意为“⾬;⾬⽔”。
例如:There is a lot of rain here in summer.这⼉夏天⾬⽔很多。
We have too much rain this summer.今年夏天⾬⽔太多了。
2)在表⽰“下⾬”时,可以⽤rain的不同形式来表达。
例如:⊙北京在下⾬——There is rain in Beijing.(rain作名词,表⽰“⾬”)=It is rainy in Beijing.(rain的形容词形式rainy表⽰“下⾬的”)=It is raining in Beijing.(rain的现在分词形式raining表⽰“下⾬”) ⊙明天将要下⾬——It will _____ tomorrow.It will be _____ tomorrow.There will be ____tomorrow.(第⼀空“rain”,will之后加动词原形;第⼆空“rainy”,be是系动词,之后加形容词;第三空“rain”,这⾥rain是名词,不可数名词,意为“有⾬”) 3)⽤heavy (heavily=hard)/light表⽰⾬的⼤/⼩。
例如:∵∵∵There will be a heavy rain tomorrow.明天会下⼤⾬。
It is raining heavily / hard here now。
Unit 7 It’s raining!词汇列表Group 1季节与天气summer/ˈsʌmə/n.夏天;夏季winter/ˈwɪntə/n.冬天;冬季weather/ˈweðə/n.天气rain/reɪn/v下雨n.雨水windy/ˈwɪndi/adj.多风的cloudy/ˈklaʊdi/adj.多云的sunny/ˈsʌni/adj.晴朗的snow/snəʊ/v.下雪n.雪snowy/ˈsnəʊi/adj.下雪的dry/draɪ/adj.干燥的cold/kəʊld/adj.寒冷的;冷hot/hɒt/adj.热的warm/wɔːm/adj.温暖的Group 2度假bad/bæd/adj.坏的;糟的message/ˈmesɪdʒ/n.信息;消息problem/ˈprɒbləm/n.困难;难题right now此刻;马上visit/ˈvɪzɪt/v.拜访;参观soon/suːn/adv.不久;很快vacation/veɪˈkeɪʃn/n.假期hard/hɑːd/adv.努力地adj.困难的Europe n.欧洲mountain/ˈmaʊntən/n.高山country/ˈkʌntri/n.国;国家skate/skeɪt/v.滑冰词汇精讲1.visit & visitor(1)visit v. 参观; 拜访。
后接表示人或地点的名词。
(2)visitor n. 参观者;游客练习1:He _____________ (visit) his grandparents once a week.练习2:(翻译)在这个公园有很多游客。
______________________________________2. weather(1)n.天气。
(2)询问天气的常用句型: How’s the weather? =What’s the weather like?练习:-in Beijing?-It’s very cold in winter.A. How’s the weatherB. How’s the weather likeC. What’s the weatherD. What the weather like3. rain & rainy(1)rain v. 下雨n.雨水rainy adj. 阴雨的;多雨的snow v.下雪n.雪snowy adj. 有雪的(2)类似构词法归纳:cloud (云) →_____________ (多云的); sun (太阳)→_____________ (晴朗的) snow (雪) →______________ (有雪的); wind (风)→_______________ (多风的)练习1:-What’s the weather like?-下雨。
人教版七年级下册英语Unit 7 知识点总结Unit 7 It's raining!一、词汇与短语◆重点单词A部分1.rain 下雨v. 雨水n.2.park 公园n.3.windy 多风的adj.4.message 信息; 消息n.5.cloudy 多云的adj.6.him 他(he的宾格)pron. 7.sunny 晴朗的adj.8.could 能;可以modal v.9.snow 下雪v. 雪n.10.back 回来;回原处adv. 11.weather 天气n.12.problem 困难;难题n. 13.cook 做饭v.14.again 再一次;又一次adv. 15.bad 坏的;糟的adj.B部分1.dry 干燥的adj.2.hard 努力地adv. 困难的adj.3.cold 寒冷的;冷的adj.4.Europe 欧洲n.5.hot 热的adj.6.mountain 高山n.7.warm 温暖的adj.8.country 国;国家n.9.visit 拜访;参观v.10.skate 滑冰v.11.Canada 加拿大n.12.snowy 下雪的adj.13.summer 夏天;夏季n.14.winter 冬天;冬季n.15.sit 坐v.16.Russian 俄罗斯的adj. 俄罗斯人;俄语n. 17.juice 果汁;饮料n.18.snowman 雪人n.19.soon 不久;很快adv.20.rainy 阴雨的;多雨的adj. 21.vacation 假期n.◆重点短语A部分1.take a message捎个口信;传话2.call (sb. ) back (给某人)回电话3.have a good/ great time玩得开心;过得愉快4.right now 马上;此刻5.no problem 没问题6.tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事7.not bad马马虎虎8.play computer games 玩电脑游戏9.at one's home 在某人家中10.play soccer 踢足球11.study Chinese 学习汉语12.talk on the phone 通电话13.three hours 三个小时14.every day 每天B部分1.by the pool 在游泳池边2.study hard 努力学习3.have fun 玩得高兴4.on (a) vacation 度假5.write to sb. 给某人写信6.take a photo拍照7.call sb. at...... 给某人打电话,号码是......8.in the picture 在图画里9.go to summer school去暑期培训学校10.sit by...... 坐在......旁边11.drink orange juice 喝橙汁12.learn a lot学到很多东西13.in Europe 在欧洲14.summer vacation 暑假15.in the mountains 在山里16.write to sb. 给某人写信17.right for 适宜于18.next month 下个月19.in the snow 在雪中20.play ping-pong 打乒乓球21.in the rainy weather 在下雨天◆重点句子A部分1.—What are you doing? 你在干什么?—I'm cooking. 我在做饭。
郑州市七年级英语下册Unit7Itisraining!解题技巧总结单选题1、________ cold weather it is!A.How aB.What aC.What答案:C句意:今天的天气多么冷呀!这里是感叹句,weather是不可数名词用what来感叹,排除A,其结构是what+形容词+不可数名词。
排除B。
根据题意,故选C。
小提示:由"what"引导的感叹句:"what"意为"多么"用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词.这类句子的结构形式是:what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(其他).如:① What a clever girl she is!多么聪明的姑娘呀!② What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事呀!③ What good children they are!他们是多么好的孩子呀!④ What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花呀!⑤ What delicious food it is!多么有味的食物呀!2、You can call me back ________ 8533-6666 .A.byB.withC.atD.off答案:C句意:你可以打8533-6666给我回电话。
考查介词辨析。
by通过;with和;at在;off远离。
“call sb at+号码”是固定用法,故选C。
3、—Whose kite is this? Is it ________ ?—No, it isn’t.It’s ________.A.you...hisB.you...himC.yours...himD.yours (i)答案:D句意:——这是谁的风筝?这是你的吗?——不,不是。
这是他的。
七下Unit7-It's-raining!课文重难点讲解Unit 7 It's raining!Section A1. How’s the weather in Shanghai? 上海的天气怎么样?【解析1】How is the weather?=What’s the weather like?天气怎么样?(用于询问天气状况)句型:--How’s the weather in +地点?某地的天气如何?--It’s +adj. (windy, sunny, cloudy….)①What’s the weather like today?(同义句)____ _____ the weather like?( ) ②— ________? —It’s very cold .A. What’s the weather B .Is the weather coldC. How’s the weatherD. Is it cold today( ) ③—How’s the weather? —_______A. It’s windB. It’s cloudyC. It’s rainD. It’s sun( ) ④_____ is the weather_____ today?A. How ,likeB. What, likesC. How ,is like( ) ⑤—___ the weather in Sydey? —It’s rainingA. whatB. What’sC. How’sD. How【解析2】Shanghai指上海在英语中,中国的地名一般用汉语并音表示,将汉语拼音连写,且将第一个字母大写。
Beijing 北京Wuhan 武汉【解析3】.表示天气的形容词+y ,可变成相对应的形容词wind→windy 有风的rain→rainy 有雨的sun→sunny 阳光明媚的snow→snowy 下雪的①It’s ______ today. I think it may rain.(cloud)②It’s a _______day .Let’s go swimming.(sun) ( ) ③ Look! It’s ______ .Let’s play in the park.A. rainingB. windyC. cloudyD. sunny( ) ④It’s snowing today.A. snowB. snowsC. snowedD. snowy2. It’s raining.正在下雨rain v下雨n雨水,雨→rainy adj. 多雨的【注】rain 做名词,意为“雨”时为不可数名词。
Unit 7 It’s raining.知识点详解单元目标总览:【知识点详解】1. How’s the weather in Shanghai?这是一个用来询问天气的句型,How’s是How is的缩写形式。
询问天气的句子还可以用What’s the weather like? / What do you think of the weather? 来表示。
在句末可以加上“介词+地点/时间/季节”短语。
◆What’s the weather like in Beijing? 北京的天气怎么样?-It’s cloudy. 多云。
◆-How’s the weather here in summer? 这儿的夏天天气怎么样?-It’s hot. 天气很热。
2、It’s cloudy. 多云。
(1)it在此处指的天气,此外,它也常用来指时间、距离,翻译时不必翻译出来。
◆It’s cold today.今天天气很冷。
(2)cloudy形容词,意为“多云的”,他由名词cloud+后缀y构成。
◆It’s a cloudy day today.今天多云。
3、rainrain 作动词,意为“下雨,降雨”,短语rain cats and dogs,意为“下倾盆大雨”。
◆It often rains in summer. 夏天经常下雨。
◆It’s going to rain. 就要下雨了。
注意:表示下雨时,可以用rain的不同形式来表达。
◆There was a heavy rain during the night. (rain作不可数名词,意为“雨”) 夜间下了一场大雨。
◆It is rainy in Beijing. (rainy是rain的形容词形式,意为“下雨的”)= It is raining in Beijing. (rain 作动词) 北京在下雨。
4、Aunt Sally is cooking.萨利姨妈正在做饭。
Unit 7 It’s Raining◆短语归纳1. not bad 不错2. at the park 在公园3. take a message for… 为……捎个口信4. play computer games 玩电脑游戏5. have a good time/have a great time/have fun/enjoy oneself 过得愉快6. call sb. back 给某人回7. no problem 没问题8. right now 现在9. talk on the phone 通过交谈10. some of ......当中的一些11. by the pool 在游泳池边12. drink orange juice 喝橙汁13. study hard 努力学习14. on a vacation 在度假15. in the mountains 在山里16. call sb back 给某人回17. write to sb. 给某人写信18. summer vacation 暑假19. take a photo 给......拍一张照片◆用法集萃1. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人〔不要〕做某事2. have a great time/have fun + (in) doing sth. 愉快地做某事3. just right for doing sth. 做某事正适宜◆典句必背1. How’s the weather?天气怎么样?2. It’s cloudy. / It’s sunny. / It’s raining.天气多云。
/ 天气晴朗。
/ 天正下雨。
3. How’s it going?情况怎么样?-- Not bad, thanks 不错,谢谢--Great! /Not bad./Terrible! 好极了!/ 不错。
/糟糕!5. Can I take a message for him? 我给他捎个口信好吗?6. I’m having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada.我正在加拿大愉快地拜访我的姑姑。
人教版英语七年级下册Unit7 It’s raining!词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. rainrain 作动词,意为“下雨,降雨”,短语rain cats and dogs,意为“下倾盆大雨”。
例如:It often rains in summer. 夏天经常下雨。
It’s going to rain. 就要下雨了。
注意:表示下雨时,可以用rain的不同形式来表达。
例如:(1)There was a heavy rain during the night. (rain作不可数名词,意为“雨”)夜间下了一场大雨。
(2)It is rainy in Beijing. (rainy是rain的形容词形式,意为“下雨的”)= It is raining in Beijing. (rain 作动词)北京在下雨。
2. windywindy是wind的形容词形式,意为“多风的”,是名词wind加y变来的形容词。
英语中,许多表天气的名词后加y,可以变成相应的形容词。
例如:cloud(云) +y→cloudy 多云的sun (太阳) + n +y→sunny (晴朗的)rain(雨) + y→rainy(下雨的) snow(雪) + y→snowy (下雪的)3. cookcook作及物动词,意为“烹调”,其后可接三餐或具体的某种菜肴作宾语,也可作不及物动词。
例如:My mother cooks breakfast for me every morning. 妈妈每天早上给我做早饭。
She’s cooking now. 她正在做饭。
拓展:(1)cook 作名词,意为“厨师”。
例如:His uncle is a good cook. 他的叔叔是一个好厨师。
(2)cook 后加-er,构成cooker,是可数名词,意为“厨具”。
例如:There are all kinds of cookers in the supermarket.超市里有各种各样的厨具。
Unit 7 It's raining 重点解析Section A1. — How's the weather? 天气怎么样?— It's raining. 天正在下雨。
How's the weather...?是询句天气情况的句型。
意为“天气怎么样?”其后可以加时间状语及地点状语来限定何时的天气及哪里的天气。
如:How's the weather today?今天的天气怎么样?How's the weather in Shanghai?上海的天气怎么样? What's the weather like?与How's the weather?意思相同。
它们的回答可以用“It's +动词的现在分词形式”,也可以用“It's+形容词”。
如:— How is the weather?— It's raining/ rainy.It's raining为现在进行时,用于陈述即时天气状况,即“正在下雨”。
It's rainy为一般陈述句,rainy指阴雨天气,既可陈述即时天气状况,也可作为一段时期内天气状况的概述。
如果提问者是想了解现在的天气,回答用It's raining 和It's rainy都可以,但如果是问一段时间的天气,只能用It's rainy。
2. It’s sunny. 天气晴朗。
sunny是形容词,意为“晴朗的”,它是由名词sun派生而来的。
英语中名词变为形容词的方法有以下几种:◆在名词后面加-y;如:rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, storm —stormy (沙尘暴的), health—healthy, luck—lucky如果名词以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。
人教版初中英语七年级下册《It’s raining!》优质课公开课课件、教案Unit 7 It’s raining〖单元必背〗P39— Grammar Focus ; 2. P41—2b〖重要句型〗1.How’s the weather in Beijing?北京的天气怎样?= What’s the weather like in Beijing?It’s rainy / cloudy / sunny / snowy / windy…是雨天/ 阴天/ 晴天/ 下雪天/ 有风…2. —How’s it going? 进展如何?/ 情况怎么样?—Great!(很棒) Pretty good.(很好) Not bad(不错) Terrible! (很糟)3.—Sounds like you are having a good time. 听起来你玩得好开心。
〖短语〗1. How’s the weather...= What’s the weather like...? …的天气怎样?2. Have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneself 过得愉快,玩得高兴3. Not bad! 还不错4. At the park 在公园5. Take a message 捎口信6. Tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事7. Call sb back (给某人)回电话8. No problem 没问题9. Right now 现在10. Summer school 暑期学习班11. Make snowmen 堆雪人12. Some of my old friends 我的一些老朋友13. Summer vacation 暑假14. Write to sb=write a letter to sb 写信给某人15. Just right 正好16. Wear hats and sweaters 戴帽子,穿毛衣17. Take home 带回家18. Take a photo=take photos 照相19. Ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事20. On (a) vacation 度假〖知识要点〗1. What’s the weather like… = How’s the weather…?…的天气怎样/ 如何?(询问天气情况)回答时应使用表天气情况的形容词,如:rainy(有雨的;多雨的),sunny(晴朗的),snowy(下雪的),cloudy(多云的;阴天的),windy(多风的;有风的),warm(暖和的),cold(寒冷的),cool(凉爽的;凉快的),humid(潮湿的;润湿的)eg.①It’s warm in Ha i nan.(对划线部分提问)_______ _____ ________ like in Ha i nan?②—How’s the weather today? —It’s _______.A. cloudB. rainC. snowD. windy同时注意:rain, snow, wind是不可数名词。
Unit 7 It' s raining要点详解一、词汇1.rain(1). v.下雨。
例如:It often rains in summer. 夏天经常下雨。
It' s raining heavily.雨下得正大。
(2)v.雨。
例如:The rain is very heavy. 雨很大。
拓展:1.rainy的用法:adj.下雨的;多雨的。
例如:It' s a rainy afternoon.这是个多雨的下午。
2.windy“多风的;有风的”。
名词形式是wind,意为“风”。
例如:How is the weather in Changchun?长春天气如何?It' s windy.有风。
注意:形容风大用strongo3.snow(1)v.下雪。
例如:It often snows in winter.冬天经常下雪。
It is snowing in Beijing 北京正在下雪。
(2)n.雪。
例如:The snow is white.雪是白色的。
The children are playing with snow.孩子们正在打雪仗。
拓展:snowy的用法:adj.下雪的;多雪的;雪白的。
例如:The old man has snowy hair.那位老人长着雪白的头发。
4.weathern.天气;气候。
不可数名词,做主语吋,前面加the。
例如:How is the weather today = What * s the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?5.cloudy adj.多云的它是rfl名词cloud加后缀-y构成的形容词,本单元出现的windy, sunny等也是如此。
英语中有许多名词加上后缀-y构成形容词。
例:snow--snowy有雪的,多雪的,rain--rainy有雨的,多雨的;fog—foggy有雾的,多雾的;health—healthy健康的;showei'--showery 阵雨的拓展:如果这样构成的是双音节词,则它们的比较级和最高级常常是通过词尾变化来构成。
Unit 7 It’s raining知识精讲&词汇部分知识点1. rain v. 下雨n. 雨水教材原句:It’s raining. (p37-title)rain v. 下雨It often rains in summer in Hangzhou.rain n. 雨水We cannot go to the park now because of the heavy rain. rainy adj. 阴雨的It is a rainy day.知识点2. cook v. 做饭教材原句:Mary is cooking. (p38-2a)1)cook v. 做饭My grandma likes cooking.2)cook n. 厨师His sister wants to be a cook when she grows up.拓展:cooker 厨具知识点3. bad adj. 坏的;糟糕的教材原句:Not bad, thanks. (p38-2d)1)bad adj. 坏的;糟糕的反义词为goodIt rains all day. What bad weather!2)badly adv. 坏地;糟糕地Jim sings badly, but he can dance well.知识点4. problem n. 困难;难题教材原句:Sure, no problem. (p38-2d)1)problem 难题;困难have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难Eg: If you have problems learning English, you can ask me for help.No problem 没问题Eg: ---Anna, can you help me make soup? ---No problem.2)question 问题知识点5. cold adj. 寒冷的;冷的教材原句:cold warm (p40-1a)cold adj. 寒冷的It is cold in winter.类似描述气温的形容词:warm温暖的hot 热的cool凉爽的注意:cold n. 寒冷have a cold感冒知识点6. summer n. 夏天;夏季教材原句:I am going to summer school. (p41-2b)summer 夏天in summer 在夏天其他几个季节:spring春天autumn/ fall 秋天winter冬天知识点7. hard adv. 努力地adj. 困难的教材原句:Are you studying hard or are you having fun? (p41-2b)1) hard adv. 努力地He works hard.2) hard adj. 困难的;坚硬的I think math is too hard.对比:hardly 几乎不,频度副词知识点8. country n. 国;国家教材原句:It’s hot in your country now, isn’t it? (p41-2b)country n. 国家可数名词,其复数为countriescountry music 乡村音乐针对性练习(1) He h______ does sports, so he is unhealthy.(2) Do you think China is one of the greatest c_________ in the world?(3) If you have a c_______, drink more hot water.(4) ---Lisa, what’s your p_________? You look unhappy.---I don’t know how to make friends with others.(5) It often r_______ in summer in Hangzhou.(6) My mother is c________ dinner in the kitchen and my father is helping her.(7) Molly can sing well but she dances b________.(8) There are four seasons in a year, spring, summer, fall and w________.(9) ---Do you think math is h_________ to learn? ---Yes, but it’s useful.(10) He has a new car, wears a beautiful coat and looks very c .知识精讲&短语部分1. take a message 捎个口信;传话教材原句:Can I take a message for him? (p38-2d)1)message n.信息;消息可数名词相关不可数名词:news新闻; information信息;advice建议2)take a message for sb 给某人捎口信Eg: May I take a message for her?2.call (sb.) back (给某人)回电教材原句:Could you just tell him to call back? (p38-2d)back adv. 回来;回原处Put the book back.call sb. back 给某人回电话 A boy called Timmy called you and let you call him back later.3.on (a) vacation 度假教材原句:How is your summer vacation going? (p41-2b)vacation n. 假期summer vacation暑假/ winter vacation寒假on (a) vacation 度假Where do you want to go on vacation?4. right for ...适合...教材原句:..., just right for walking. (p41-2b)1)be right for sth. 适合某事It is cool. It’s just right for a walk.2)be right for doing sth. 适合做某事It is right for fishing today.针对性练习(1)My father isn’t at home. _______________________ (要我给他捎口信吗) ?(2) I want to go to Hainan _______________ (度假).(3) Mr. Johnson, Jean Black called you just now. Will you ________________(给她回电吗)?(4) I think it ________________ (适合去游泳) in summer.知识精讲&句子部分1. How’s it going? 怎么样?(p38-2d)该句是人们打招呼或问候对方的常用寒暄语,意思是“一切可好?近来怎样?”,后可接with sb. / sth.来表达对朋友、家人的关怀。