大学英语自学教程课文下unit4

自考综合英语（二）下册详解第四课1. The facilities and skills of the teachers were probably well above average for the United States at that time. —— The facilities and skills of the teachers were perhaps much better than those in most schools in………学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国要远远高于平均水平。

well：adv. quite，ratherThe work is well done. 这件工作干得很好。

It’s well past midnight，I think it’s more time you went home.早过了午夜，我想你该回家了。

above/below average高于或低于一般标准或水平2. ………how much I don’t yet know. ——how much I don’t know up till now.我至今依然不了解的东西太多。

yet：at this point in time3.Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matters.——I would be grateful today if I had learned more at high school about things that are really important.有时候，我想那时要是能多学点真正重要的东西，那么今天我会多么地心存感激。

I would be ………if I had learned 虚拟语气，主句表示现在，从句表示过去I would not be so sleepy if I had slept well last night.back then：back in my high school dayswhat really matters：what is important matter is used as a verb——eg：Does it matter much whether he will not pass the exams？他能否通过考试是否很重要？4.in some respects……；the only thing I ever heard in school about Napoleon was that the U.S made the Louisiana Purchase from him.In some respects在某些方面；in respect of就某方面Louisiana Purchase路易斯安那购置5.On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans，the only history that was thought worth teaching was American history.——The population of the US accounts for only about 5% of that of the world. But in my high school days taught American history only because it was thought that the history of other countries was not important for Americans to learn.在一个约95%的居民不是美国人的星球上，学校当局认为只有美国历史才值得讲授。

大学英语unit4课文翻译大学英语unit4课文翻译大学英语旨在紧密结合大学英语的教学实际，反映教与学两方面的要求，满足不同层次读者的需要。

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美国文化的五大象征自由女神像Para. 119 世纪 70 年代中期，法国艺术家弗里德里克·奥古斯特·巴托尔迪正在设计一个大项目，名为“自由照耀世界”。

这是一座庆祝美国独立和美法联盟的纪念碑。

与此同时，他爱上了一位他在加拿大认识的女子。

他母亲不赞成自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱，然而巴托尔迪不为所动，和心中所爱于 1876 年结为伉俪。

Para. 2同年，巴托尔迪组装完雕像的右臂和火炬，并将它们陈列在费城。

据说，他用了妻子的手臂为模本，但觉得她的脸太漂亮，不适合做雕像模本。

他需要这样一个女人：面容沧桑却不失坚定，庄重多于美丽。

他选择了自己的母亲。

Para. 3 1886 年，自由女神像在纽约湾北部落成。

雕像综合了他母亲的脸和他妻子的身材，不过巴托尔迪称之为“我的女儿，自由之神”。

芭比娃娃Para. 4在现今销售的各式各样的芭比娃娃之前，原先只有一种芭比娃娃。

实际上，她的名字叫芭芭拉。

Para. 5芭芭拉·汉德勒是马特尔玩具公司的联合创始人艾略特和鲁思·汉德勒夫妇的女儿。

鲁思是在见到女儿玩纸娃娃之后才想到做芭比娃娃的。

芭比娃娃的三维模特是一个德国洋娃娃，一个哄成年人开心的礼物，被描绘成具有“风尘女子”的模样。

马特尔公司将这个娃娃做了一番改造，变成了体面而地道的美国版本，尽管胸围有些夸张。

它以当时10 多岁的少女芭芭拉的名字命名。

Para. 6自从1959 年面世，芭比娃娃就成了全球公认的“娃娃女王”。

马特尔公司说，一般的美国女孩拥有 10 个芭比娃娃，全球每秒钟就有两个芭比娃娃售出。

Para. 7如今芭芭拉已有 60 多岁了，她拒绝接受采访，但据说她非常喜欢芭比娃娃。

大学英语自学教程下册【课文练习答案】Unit One Text AⅠ. 1-d 2-c 3-c 4-a 5-dⅡ.1.alternative 2.fundamental 3.accompany 4.implement5.precedent6.attain7.objectives8.vary9.multiple 10.isolateⅢ.1-c make decisions 2-d design programs 3-i solve problems 4-j survive accidents 5-g seize opportunities 6-e pursue studies 7-h attain goals 8-a earn money 9-f consume time 10-h pay debtsⅣ.One evening while my wife and I were entertaining our dinner guests,our five-year-old daughter Debbie helped her mother serve dessert.Debbie brought the first slice of pie from the kitchen and placed the plate in front of me.I politely passed it to the woman next to me.Debbie put another slice of pie before me and again watched as I pa ssed it to another guest.“You might as well keep it,”my daughter said，“They are all the same size.”Ⅴ.1.Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.2.Some people suggest that all a manager does involves decisions.3.If there is no right choice there is no right decision to be made.4.Solutions vary because different people define the same problem in different terms.5.Decision makers are usually the key to the business development of a company. 【词汇练习答案】Text BⅠ. 1.a.be organized anizational anization2.a.simple b.simplified c.simplyd.simplification3.a.profit b.profitable c.profitability4.a.intention b.intended c.unintendedⅡ. 1.precedent 2.skilled 3.achievement 4.implement 5.optimal6.goal7.accomplish8. accompanies9.tendency 10.ongoingⅢ.1．He was accompanied to the concert by his friend.2．He has argued her out of her decision.3．His success was due in part to luck.4．In accordance with his suggestion,the procedure has been greatly simplified.5．The broadcast station predicted that it would be cold tomorrow.6．Movement is defined as a change in position or place.【课文练习答案】Ⅰ.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.TⅡ.1．preparation，confidence2．idea3．unattractive indifference4．hardworking，personality，interest5．speechless6．holidays，pay7．clean，neat，conservative8．the floor beside your chair9．politely，naturally10．Would you mind rephrasing the question，please【词汇练习答案】1.at a disadvantage2.conservative3.indifference4.make sure5.vague6.clutched7.turned down8.to your advantage9.clean and neat10.prospect11.take the trouble 12.place【课文练习答案】Unit Two Text AⅠ. 1.b 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.dⅡ. 1.inadequate 2.astronomers 3.density 4.shrink 5.intense6.boundary7.theory8.convince9.invisible 10.speculationⅢ. 1.density 2.observation，observer，observatory 3.speculation 4.mass5.region6.gravitation7.relativity8.basis9.evidence10.endlessnessⅣ.A 21-year-old Texas City man was charged with theft after police caught him trying to drag a newspaper vending machine toward his running vehicle.When the officer approached，the man stopped and acted as if he were reading the newspaper inside.“I was dragging it over here so that I could read the paper better，”he explained.After an officer pointed out that the light was brighter where the machine had been，the man replied，“I read but in the dark.”Ⅴ.1．Astronomers have not yet fully answered the question of what a black hole is.2．It is believed that a black hole can swallow up any objects like stars near it.3．The research into black holes is just beginning，and speculations about them are endless.4．It is still impossible for scientists to say what happens inside a black hole. Black holes would not be so intimidating if we have some idea of them.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.exploded b.exlosion c.explosive2.a.dense b.densely c.density3.a.measurable b.measurement c.measured4.a.basis b.basic c.based d.basicallyⅡ. 1.implication 2.gravity 3.boundary 4.interchangeable 5.explode6.galaxy7.convincing8.speculation9.shrank 10.suckingⅢ.1．A black hole exerts a very strong force.2．His company collapsed because of poor management.3．Several satellites were launched in our country in the 1980's.4．Is the medicine operating now?5．His figure was swallowed up in the dark.第二部分 Text BⅠ.1.T 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F10.TⅡ. 1.planets，orbit 2.suns 3.life，vegetation 4.satellite，sun5.very large， separate，lesser6.one part，another part7.nature，characteristics 8.plateaus，deserts，plains9.religion，government，education，special behaviour， 10.circumstances 【词汇练习答案】1.cloudless2.above all3.concernedrgely5.glitter6.as a rule7.unlikely8.thrilling9.whereas 10.revolveUnit 3Ⅰ. 1.c 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.cⅡ. 1.delay 2.recovery 3.lethal 4.debate 5.permit6.criterion/criteria(复)7.majority 8.take …into account9.undermine 10.vulnerableⅢ.1．Dr Wilfred Van Oijen's arguments for euthanasia:a.people have the fundamental right to choose death.b.the practice of euthanasia is quite different from planning to kill a crowdof people with a machine gun.c.sometimes there are situations where death is a friend.2．Dr Andrew Ferguson's arguments against euthanasia:a.what the patient is actually asking for is something else.b.the patients want a health professional to open up a communication for themwith their loved ones or family.3．Guide lines for carrying out euthanasia in the Netherlands:a.the patient is experiencing extreme suffering.b.there is no chance of a cure.c.the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia.d.a second doctor must confirm that the criteria above have been met and thedeath must be reported to the police department.Ⅳ.After I was sent to Egypt for the Operation Bright Star training program.I sawa weekend pass sightseeing in Cairo.A local offered to take my picture on his camel.“Free，”he said.“No charge.”I thanked him and handed him my camera.The man then shouted a com mand，and hiscamel sat down，allowing me to board.After taking the whole roll of film，the mansaid：“That will be $5.”“But you said you would take my picture free.”“Yes，that was free，“he agreed.“But is costs $5 to get you down from the camel.Ⅴ.1．Euthanasia can actually relieve dying people from their suffering.2．Don't you know that the Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permitsthe practice of euthanasia?3．Doctors who are for this view do not mean that they do not care for patients.4．After the first doctor has diagnosed the disease，the second doctor mustconfirm the diagnosis.5．Opponents argue that the patients do not really want to die，and that theymight be asking for something esle.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ.1．a.considerably b.considerate c.consideration d.considerable 2．a.able b.ability c.unable d.enable e.disabled f.disabled3．a.Traditional b.tradition c.traditionallyⅡ.1.weaken2.opt out3.deteriorate4.lethal5.request6.debate7.is/was affected with8.take into account 9.elderly 10.vulnerable 11.sensitive12.ensure 13.legalⅢ.1．They requested that the prisoners(should)be set free.2．His talents will ensure his success.3．They are planning a nationwide debate.4．He is very sensitive to changes of weather.5．The quality of his work has been deteriorating in recent years.6．The pollution of water makes residents vulnerable to diseases.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.FⅡ. 1.Oxford，Cambridge 2.old-body work 3.two 4.bias 5.public6.A level results，performance7.easily accessible8.better prepared9.Harvard，Yale，Chicago，Berkeley 10.constantly replicating【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.unfair 2.main 3.profession 4.private 5.accessibleⅡ. 1.appoint 2.performance 3.equal 4.amount to 5.by nature6.prime7.meritspetitive9.Remedial 10.worth【语法练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.has 2.is 3.are 4.seem 5.is 6.was 7.are 8.were 9.is 10.are11.is12.is 13.are14.am15.is16.have17.has18.have 19.have 20.was21.is22.has 23.speak24.is25.races26.were 27.approve 28.was29.says30.appeal31.are 32.is 33.are 34.was 35.is 36.has 37.are 38.has 39.is 40.is41.are42.am 43.are 44.is 45.is 46.have 47.are 48.have 49.has 50.isⅡ. 1.he 2.our 3.its 4.its 5.her，her 6.their 7.our 8.they 9.his 10.theirUnit 4第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.b 2.d 3.c 4.b 5.bⅡ. 1.diplomats 2.abuse 3.remove 4.quarter 5.guilt6.hire7.breadwinner8.introduce9.maintenance 10.immigrantⅢ. 1—i，2—c，3—b，4—e，5—j，6—g，7—h，8—f，9—a，10—d Ⅳ.My son gave a party one Saturday night.I was hesitant about having a group of teenagers in our home.but to my surprise，they were all charming .The kids complimented me on my energy，and how young I looked(I was 34).When the partyws over ，I told my son how much I enjoyed his friends and their comments .He smiled and askedif I felt like a teenager again.“Yes”，I responded，“and I felt wonderful.”“I'm glad," he said."By the way，I told everyone that you were 54.”Ⅴ.1．The government department that deals with the matter concerned does not keep statistics.2．It was because she could not support her family that she accepted a job asa domestic.3．She was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philipines to work in London.4．The working conditions of the domestics have received media attention.5．The employers always threatened that they would sent us back to our country. 【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.exploited b.exploitation c.exploitable2.a.execution b.executed c.executive3.a.employed b.employees c.employment4.a.immigrants b.immigrated c.immigrationⅡ. 1.status 2.slavery 3.minimum 4.despite 5.diplomat 6.domestic7.abroad8.convicted9.deported10.incidence 11.supposed12.deservingⅢ. 1．The resources should be exploited properly.2．The order was executed very well.3．This program deserves (is deserving of)further investigation.4．We have reduced the expenses to the minimum.5．I wouldn't believe the news despite what she said.6．Can such a small boat bring them over to the other side of the river?第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.FⅡ.1．leg irons，chain，groups，day-to-day privileges2．the harshest，television，phone calls3．circus，a zoo，slavery4．six out of every ten5．racial，political，heling clean up the highways，the State.6．inhuman，ineffective7．more angry，more hostile 8.poverty，disaffection within society8．Middle Ages，shame9．Deep South，Arkansas，Arizona【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.denied 2.gang 3.prevented 4.an argument 5.punishmentⅡ. 1.degrading 2.called up 3.liberty 4.in unison 5.unionUnit 5第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.d 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.bⅡ. 1.original 2.transformation 3.distinct 4.spontaneous5.individual6.essentially7.diverse8.live9.imitate 10.out of doorsⅢ. 1.maintenance 2.spontaneity 3.popularity 4.expression 5.rhythm6.distinction7.penetration8.immigration9.transformation 10.synthesisⅣ1．a.blues b.rock’n roll c.folk music2．a.an essentially black medium b. rhythmic dance musicc. popular among college students3．a.In the United States，it originated with youthful rock groups playing in SanFrancisco.b. In England，it was led by the Beetles，who were already established as an extremelyfine and highly individual rock group.4．a.The separate musical traditions were brought together.b.All the musical groups began using full range of electric instruments andthetechnology of electronic amplifiers.c. The music becomes a multi-media experience;a part of total environment.Ⅴ.1．The new music was built out of the three forms of music in existence .2．Rock'n roll，with its strong beat was popular among young people.3．The Beetles were a famous rock group in England.4．The modern music stresses the participation of the audience and listenersin the performance.5．Electronic amplifiers made the music penetrating.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.music b.musical c.musically d.musician2.a.conscious b.Consciousness c.consciously3.a.limited b.limits c.limitation d.limitless4.a.original b.originated c.originalityⅡ. 1.synthesis 2.studio 3.spontaneous 4.readily 5.passive6.multimedia7.distinct8.sentiment9.anti-war 10.eclecticismⅢ.1．This chapter is on the transformation of heat energy into dynamic energy.2．A crowd of people gathered spontaneously on the spot of the accident.3．The quarrel originated from misunderstanding.5．The troops took over this city since 1949.6．You should not take on so much work for the sake of your health.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.FⅡ.1．the spontaneously inspired(Franz Schubert)type，the constructive type，the tranditionalist type2．Well3．completed composition，musical theme4．shorter，a stretch 5.creative，musical theme5．notebooks/case6．preliminary7．pattern，theme8．for the sake of9．harmonies，sonorities，formal principles【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.b 5.aⅡ. 1.invariably不变地 variable易变的，变量variety各种各样various 各种各样的2.creative创造性的create创造 creation创造poser作曲家compose作曲，写作 composition 作曲，作文4.characteristic典型的，有特征的character品质，特性，人物characterize刻画，表现，塑造characterization刻画，塑造5.diverse多种多样的，不同的 diversified多样化了的，不同的diversify 使…多样化diversity多样化，多种多样6.tradition传统，习俗 tradtional传统的tradtionalist传统主义者，传统派7.construct建设，建造 constructive建设性的，积极的 construction建设，修筑，建筑物8.fruit水果，果实，成果fruitful硕果累累的，多产的fruitless不结果的，无收效的【语法练习答案】Ⅰ.1．Young as she was，she was quite experienced in this work.2．Hard as they tried，they couldn't find a solution to this problem.3．Little did they realize that they had made an important discovery in science.4．No sooner had we put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.5．Hardly did I expect that his condition would turn for the worse.6．Not only should we work hard ourselves，we should also get other people interested in the work.7．Not until you talked with him did he realize the seriousness of his mistake.8．Never did he expect that the project would be completed so soon.9．Rarely did we see anyone so devoted as she to medical science.10．Scarcely had she said the words when she began to regret it.11．Ahead of us lie many difficulties.12．Far in the distance lay ranges of mountains covered with forests.13．Next to him stood Edgar Snow.14．Standing in the doorway was a young man in blue uniform. 15.Out rushed the man and his wife.Ⅱ.A:1.The second point I'll explain later.2.This one I shall send by ordinary mail.3.All these we shall take into full account.4.What you've just said，I'll always keep in mind.5.This we shall understand.B:1.The time has now come to put an end to this practice.(修饰the time)2.The question will arise of how to prevent air pollution.(修饰the question)3.The belief is commonly held that Englishmen are more reserved than Americans.(修饰the belief)4.A list will be sent to you of the major items they have produced.(修饰a list)5.The order soon came that we have to leave the small town immediately.(修饰order)Ⅲ.1．He likes sports very much.So does his child.2．She did not like this idea.Nor did her husband.3．Only in this way can we expect to do our work well.4．Not until in 1990 did I know he was a teacher of English.5．Never has any country made so great an effort to develop industry .6．Not far away from the bridge was a tall building.7．Not only did they work hard，but they worked very well.8．Before us were walking a crowd of Young Pioneers.9．Had I been informed earlier，I would have been of help.10．I worked in a small factory in Wuxi last year.Unit 6第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.bⅡ. 1.prevalent 2.welding 3.appliance 4.switch 5.artificial6.identify7.convert8.discard9.defective 10.assembleⅢ. 1.f 2.d 3.b 4.j 5.c 6.i 7.e 8.g 9.h 10.aⅣ. 1.not e 3.sign 4.one 5.means 6.end 7.himⅤ.1．The use of robots has been increasingly prevalent in recent years.2．The newly developed robots have the sense of vision ，which allows them to see objects，and the ability of making decisions.3．Robots are widely used in automotive industry.4．Both light-sensitive materials and digital cameras are part of photographic equipment.5．Robots differ greatly from automatic machines.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.efficiency b.efficient c.efficiently2.a.has increased b.increasingly c.increasingpletely pleted pletion4.a.intensify b.intensity c.intensive d.intenseⅡ. 1.reduction 2.shade 3.appliance 4.prevalent5.personnel6.defective7.specific8.capable of9.in between 10.asembled 11.exposeⅢ.1．At the critical moment，we should be capable of facing all difficulties.2．After considering the problem，they switched their attention to other things.3．Spray painting on the desks.4．We should expose children to new ideas.5．We have plenty of natural resources.6．He is critical of her ignorance of the law.7．He switched from one job to another in the past three years.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.T Ⅱ. 1.forecast 2.early warning 3.China，Alaska 4.the energy5.shifting，cracks，faults，crust.6.seismic7.radon,ground wateres from9.partial，processes 10.Haicheng，1975【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.bⅡ. 1.analyze 2.forecast 3.set up 4.reliability 5.preceded 6.subsided 7.speculated 8.warningsUnit 7第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.cⅡ. 1.leisure 2.provide 3.desirable 4.strain 5.portray6.stressful7.context8.variety9.impart 10.motivateⅢ. 1.relax 2.entertain 3.recognize 4.possess5.observe6.recreate7.satisfy8.occupy9.pursue 10.attainⅣ. 1.at 2.my 3.asked 4.honeymoon 5.forward 6.other 7.sirⅤ.1．The term “Quality of life”covers a wide scope.2．In a fast-faced stressful society，setting aside some time for relaxation is good for health.3．People's interests and preference are related to social contexts and their individual learning experience.4．The positive attitude underlies people's creative use of their spare time.5．Researchers and observations show that people are more and more concerned with quality of life.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.desirability 名词，在句中作宾语 b.desires句中缺少中心词，作主语 c.desirable形容词作表语2.a.occupation under enemy occupation在敌人的控制之下 b.occupies 句中缺少谓语c.occupant“the+形容词”表示一类人d.occupation职责3.a.preference名词，表示“偏爱” b.preferably副词作状语 c.preferable形容词作表语 d.prefer动词作谓语4.a.recognizable形容词作定语 b.recognition beyond recognition不可辨认，辨认不出 c.recognize5.a.satisfaction b.satisfied c.satisfactory形容词作表语 d.satisfy e.satisfyingⅡ. 1.urban 2.satisfaction 3.relaxation 4.has acquired 5.cocerned with 6.motivated7.possession 8.impact 9.participation 10.loom 11.portrayed 12.desirableⅢ.1．He always takes a positive attitude in correcting the mistakes of hi s students.2．Before going aboard the plane，the passengers attached a tag to their handbags.3．His skin color is not necessarily relevant to his being a good lawyer .4．A large ship was looming in the heavy fog.5．That's not a mistake on our part.6．Schools should set as their objective the attainment of a balanced development of the students.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.TⅡ. 1.elusive 2.tricky 3.waste，control 4.quick sand 5.control 6.slave 7.flexible8.appointments，addresses，telephone numbers 9.underestimate，overestimate 10.temptations【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.DⅡ. 1.b 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.cUnit 8第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.c 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.Ⅱ. 1.minimize 2.local 3.instantaneously 4.regulate5.interact6.timing7.alarm clock8.discrepancy9.destined 10.feasibleⅢ. 1.are 2.for 3.the 4.again 5.into 6.the 7.the 8.andⅣ.1．It is not diffcult to understand the discomfort that rapid travel brings to the body.2．One of the reasons for this is that different activities of the human body are controlled by various actors.3．Protein in food stimulates wakefulness,while carbohydrates promote sleep.4．The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes acoss at some time.5．It is not feasible to wait several days until the adjusting mechanism of the body is adjusted to the new time zone.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.negotiable b.negotiate c.negotiation2.a.regulation b.regulate c.regulatory d.regularized3.a.assumes b.assuming c.assumed d.assumption4.a.periodically b.periodical c.periodicity d.periodⅡ. 1.does synchronize 2.discrepancies 3.internal 4.resets 5.out of step 6.external 7.overcome8.destination9.mechanism 10.neutral gs 12.to advantage 13.feasible 14.instantaneouslyⅢ.1．We should promote mutual understanding between our two nations.2．The project seems to be feasible.3．He is out of step with modern life.4．We should transcend ourselves before overcoming the difficulties.5．There exists a remarkable lag between his idea and his action.6．The model is seeking an opportunity to show her off to advantage.7．Your assumption is not based on adequate facts.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.FⅡ. 1.centering one's a ttention 2.varies 3.constant 4.distraction 5.symptom 6.routine7.central focal 8.physiological,physical 9.goal,direction 10.the ability【词汇练习答案】1.productivity2.distract3.fluctuates4.exceptional5.misled6.true of7.attend to 8.appreciate 9.typical 10.Motivation 11.contrary to 12.hinder,fromUnit 9第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.b(答案见第一段第三行) 2.c(para.2) 3.c(para.3最后一行) 4.a.(para.linel,2,3) 5.dⅡ. 1.approximate 2.aged 3.paradox 4.apparentposition6.elsewhere7.elementary8.alter9.precede 10.slippery Ⅲ. 1.c. advantageous——disadvantageous 2.a. slippery——stable3.h. upwards——downwards4.g. dependent——independent5.c. wealthy——poor6.b. lengthen——shorten7.i. different——same 8.f. active——inactive9.j. birth——death 10.d. effective——ineffective Ⅳ. 1.test 2.doctor 3.test 4.My 5.arrived 6.at 7.openedⅤ.1．Aging has become a social problem.2．People are against the idea that it comes from the fall of the birth rate.3．Expectations of life are due to various factors.4．The estimates of life are the average prediction of how long a person can live.5．Long life is altering our life,and our society.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.appreciation b.appreciate c.appreciative2.a.activity b.activated c.active d.inactive3.a.continues b.continued c.continuation d.continuouse.continuing4.a.expect b.expectant c.expectancyd.expectationⅡ. 1.classify 2.salient 3.liability 4.altered5.paradox6.lengthens7.dependency8.revision9.upwards 10.approximatesⅢ.1．He always neglects his own health.2．The price of the goods is quite out of proportion to its value.3．His description of the event approximates to the fact.4．He barely acknowledged the errors in his statement.5．Warm applause indicated their appreciation of the performance.6．Memory can be classified into long term memory and short-term memory.7．Things altered completely.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.TⅡ. 1.pride,belief 2.responsible,honest,loving 3.temporary,manageable,emerge 4.acting,talking5.isolated,lonely,received.6.a smile,a good grade on a report card,pride7.hear,see,think,rude,inconsiderate,rough8.contribute,within 9.throughout 10.positive attitudes【词汇练习答案】1.esteem2.take advantage of3.easy to be coped with4.handle5.appropriate6.infant's7.withdraw 8.really 9.worthless 10.outcomeUnit 10第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ.1.d 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.dⅡ. 1.beat(defeat) 2.decisive(critical) 3.faithfulness(loyalty) 4.forceful effect(impact)5.finally(ultimately)6.difficult(tough)7.support(approval)8.arouse;excite(stir)9.the position of a president(presidency) 10.overpowering(overwhelming)Ⅲ. 1.strategy 2.election 3.democracy 4.presidency 5.economy6.constitution7.loyalty8.motivation9.certainty 10.provisionⅢ. for,lost,without,cost,buy,r age,alteredⅣ.1．In the United States,presidential elections occur every 4 years.2．Usually a major－party nominee has a higher approval rating than a minor －party nominee.3．Strategy is critical in the presidential election.4．In order to get the votes,the presidential candidates are particularly concerned with the important states.5．Out of a dozen political parties in America,only two are the leading ones. 【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.strategical b.strategically c.strategy d.strategist2.a.represent b.representation c.representative3.a.democratic b.democracy c.democrat4.a.nominal b.nominate c.nomination d.nomineeⅡ. 1.certainty 2.impact 3.provision 4.stirring5.election6.declined7.pursued8.Congress9.overwhelming 10.loyaltyⅢ.1．His return to the country will bring great impact on the political circle.2．Everyone should be concerned with the country's future.3．Hong Kong's return stirs very greatly all over the world.4．I identify the stolen tape recorder as mine.5．He is one of the most authoritative representatives.6．He is determined to persue the post graduate study.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.F Ⅱ.1.two party,Democratic,Republican 2.poll,cast 3.rivalry 4.rooted 5.conducted 6.favors,maintain,dominant7.automatic,inevitable8.in power,overturned 9.monopolize 10.extreme,moderate【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.majority 2.broken 3.dozen 4.came into power 5.opposition 6.transfer 7.belongs to 8.nominated9.in favor of 10.overturnedⅡ. 1.dominate(支配，占优势) dominant(支配的，占优势的) dominaticn(控制，统治) dominance(优势，统治)pete(竞争) competitor(竞争者) competition(竞争) competitive(竞争的)3.opposition(反对) oppose(反对) opposite(反对的，对立的)4.carry on(继续，经营) carry out(执行，实行) carry away(使失去自控能力，使失去理智)5.nominate(提名，任命，命名) nomination(提名，任命) nominee(被提名者) nominal(名义上的)6.collect(收集) collection(收集、收藏) collective(集体的)7.automatic(自动的) automatically(自动地)automobile(汽车) automotive(汽车的，自动推进的)8.elect(选举) election(选举) electorate(全体选民，选区)Unit 11第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.d 5.dⅡ. 1.disorder 2.advance 3.irrelevant 4.misleading5.irresponsible6.eventual7.decline8.undergo9.alternative 10.ethicalⅢ. 1.a.anaesthetics b.vaccines c.treatment for diabetesd.cancere.developmental disorders2.a.reduction b.refinement c.replacementa.reducing the use of animals in the experimentsb.improving the conditions of the animal in experimentspletely getting rid of the use of animals in the experiments.3.all the animals in a test group are given a substance until half of them die;using a fixed amount,using fewer animals,not requiring them to die.Ⅳ. in, children, kids, at, of, green, nine, she, soldiersⅤ.1．Animal research has contributed a lot to the human medical development.2．People have different attitudes toward whether animal re-se arch is relevant to human health.3．The number of animals used in experiments has declined over the past 20 years.4．The new research result shows that some experiments can be done without the use of animals.5．Although medical techniques become more and more advanced, stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.develop b.developmental c.development2.a.relevance b.irrelevant c.relevant d.relevantly3.a.inresponsible b.responsible c.responsibility4.a.Ethics b.ethical c.unethicalⅡ. 1.paralysed 2.regeneration 3.simulating 4.suitable5.misleading6.replace7.eventual8.disorder9.lethal 10.undergoⅢ.1．The artist reproduced every detail of your appearance in the picture.2．We should aim for higher productivity.3．He offered the argument which was central to the problem.4．I think his words are irrelevant to our topic.5．Since more and more people are entering the city,the security in the city is undergoing a change.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.FⅡ. 1.lovable,delightful,favored 2.humanity 3.patient,understanding4.attaches,going and coming5.takes all,gives nothing,contented,serene6.more imperative7.purchase,health care,feeding,housing,training8.news,begging ads 9.developed,“Third world”10.want,starvation 【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.grant 2.devotion 3.at ease 4.break in on 5.starving6.deprived7.take…for granted8.brought out 9.unreasonable 10.relief 【语法练习答案】Ⅰ.1．欧·享利的小说的写作风格是活泼的、对话体的，结局以出人意料著称。

Unit 1第一部分 Text A【课文译文】什么是决策？决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。

之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。

因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。

管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。

虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。

管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。

但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。

有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。

选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。

决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。

例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。

选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。

没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。

如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。

例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。

这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。

在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其范围小到微乎其微，大到近乎无限。

决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。

组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。

由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解，最佳的选择就在于决策者了。

常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利，而对上一级的部门来说，就不是较佳选择了。

这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡，叫做局部优化。

例如，市场营销经理为增加广告预算可能会讲得头头是道，但从更大的布局来看，增加优化产品的研究经费也许对组织更有利。

【Unit,4,Career,Planning新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译】Unit 4 Career Planning Career Planning Career planning does not necessarily follow routine orlogical steps. Each of us places weight on different factors and may consider certain phases of career planning at different times. Career planning includes gathering information about ourselves and about occupations, estimating the probable outcomes of various courses of action, and finally, choosing alternatives that we find attractive and feasible. Many observers have pointed out that students are not very efficient career planners. They cite evidencethat (1) most students choose from among a very narrow group of occupations; (2) as many as 40 to 60 percent choose professional occupations, when in reality only 15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work; (3) young men show a striking lack of interest in clerical, sales, and serviceoccupations, although these fields offer many job opportunities; and (4) as many as a third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation. In their book Decision Making, Irving Janis and Leon Mann identify serious flaws in the ways many people make decisions. These flaws seem to be associated with the patterns people use to cope with problems. The first flaw is complacency. People who ignore challenging information about the choices they make demonstrate complacency. People who take the attitude that “It won＇t affect me“ or “It will never happen“ use complacency as a dominant pattern of behaving. Of course, complacency is appropriate for any decision in which nothing much is at stake, but that does not describe career decisions. A second flaw in the way people cope with decisions is defensive avoidance. When confronted with a decision and unable to believe they can find an acceptable solution, some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming. Students who fail to think about the implications of their career choicesoften engage in rationalization (deceiving oneself with self-satisfying but incorrect explanations for one＇s behavior) or procrastination (putting off or delaying). Facing the situation may produce anxiety, but examining alternatives could also bring relief. A third flaw is hyper vigilance. This occurs in career decision making when people believe there is not enough time to find a solution and they panic. They search frantically for career possibilities and seize on hastily invented solutions, overlooking the consequences of their choice as well as other alternatives. People who are in a panic sometimes do not think clearly or logically. The best coping behavior is vigilance. Vigilant decision making occurs when people believe that (1) a choice should be made, (2) they can find a solution, and (3) there is enough time. Under these conditions, students can conduct an effective search for alternative careers, carefully evaluate each alternative, and work out contingency plans in case one or another risk appears. Following are the keys to career planning. 1) Study yourself.This is the key to career planning. Understanding what you are like, what you value, and what you want to become is the foundation for all career planning. In studying yourself, you examine your strengths and weaknesses, your goals, and the trends in your personal development. The self-understanding that you gain enables you to imagine how certain occupations may best fit your personality, interests, abilities, and goals. All career decisions require us to learn both about ourselves and about work, and to integrate these two kinds of knowledge. 2) Write your career goals down. A technique useful for organizing ideas about your career development is actually to write them down by time blocks in your life. Writing something down forces you to crystallize your thinking and to recognize unclear and half-formed ideas. It may lead to new insights into your possibilities and may help you to see new relationships, patterns, and trends, or to identify gaps in your thinking about your career development. 3) Review your plans and progress periodically with another person. Every sooften, take stock of your situation and consider what steps have to be taken next. Taking inventory of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that you undergo and the changes that take place in the labor market. Talking over your plans with a college counselor, your parents, and your friends helps you define your goals and improve your career plans or make them work. 4) If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over. Today, growing numbers of men and women are changing careers or getting second starts in careers that have greater appeal to them. Many of those who find that their line of work is unsatisfactory retrain themselves for a different occupation. Often their new occupation is one that they overlooked when they were young or that they did not have an opportunity to pursue at that time for financial or other reasons. Sociologists say that there are few changes in careers that involve “downward“ movement; most involve the traditional business of “getting ahead“. Society no longer attaches the stigma of “instability“ to theidea of career hopping, as it once did. Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages. It has been estimated that as many as one out of four male workers between the ages of twenty and twenty-five changetheir lines of work. About half that number do so between the ages of twenty-five and forty-four. Career planning does not guarantee that all the problems, difficulties, or decision-making situations that face you in the future will be solved or made any easier. No formula can be given to do that. But career planning should help you to approach and cope better with new problems, such as deciding whether or not to enter educational or training programs, deciding whether or not to change jobs, and analyzing the difficulties you are having with a situation or a person. Nobody can foresee what the future holds for any of us. There are social, emotional, and moral considerations in our future that cannot be foreseen. But the most important lesson of this often unhappy modern world is that progress comes from planning. Ignorance about one＇s career is not bliss; reason isbetter than chance and fate. Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are thingsthat you can do now to shape your career possibilities. Career Planning 1 进行择业规划不一定要遵照常规的或合乎逻辑的步骤。

The credit card trap1 I have a confession. Several years ago, I was standing in a queue to collect some theatre tickets for my family, and my friend was doing the same for hers. I got mine, and paid for them by credit card, feeling contented by the convenience of this cash- free transaction. It was then her turn to pay. The whole operation passed as smoothly as mine, but my delight soon turned to abject shame. My credit card was a fairly pathetic, status-free dark blue, whereas hers was a 11. 有一件事我得坦白。

几年前，我排队为家人取戏票时，我的朋友也在为她的家人取票。

我拿到了票，用信用卡付了账，对这种非现金交易的便利感到很满意。

然后就轮到她付款了，整个交易也进行得同样顺利，但我的高兴劲儿很快就变成了莫大的羞耻：我的信用卡太寒酸了，是不显示身份地位的深蓝色卡，而她的信用卡则是高级的金卡。

very exclusive gold one.2 How did she do this? How could this be? I knew I earned more than her, my car was newer, and my house was smarter. How did she get to appear more flash than me?3 Now, I had a job which was as steady as any job was in those days –that’s to say, not very, but you know, no complaints. I had a mortgage on my house, but then who didn’t? I paid off all my credit debt at the end of the month, so although technically, I was in debt to the credit card company, it was only for a matter of a few weeks. So I assumed I had a good credit rating.2她是怎样弄到金卡的？怎么会这样呢？我知道我挣得比她多，我的车比她的车新，我的家比她的家漂亮，她怎么看起来显得比我光鲜呢？3我有一份跟那时候任何工作相比还算安定的工作——虽然不是非常安定，不过我也没什么可抱怨的。

[00:00.00]Unit 4 text A Slavery on Our Doorstep[00:03.75]我们身边的奴役[00:07.50]There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants [00:11.38]据估计,在英国工作的外籍家庭佣人有两万多人[00:15.26]working in Britain (the exact figure is not known because the Home Office, [00:19.28](因为处理这项事务的政府部门---内政部[00:23.30]the Government department that deals with this,does not keep statistics) [00:26.68]没有做统计,所以不知道确切的数目).[00:30.07]Usually,they have been brought over by foreign businessmen,[00:32.85]通常,他们被外国商人,外交官[00:35.63]diplomats or Britons returning from abroad.[00:38.06]和从海外归来的英国人带来.[00:40.49]Of these 20,000,just under 2,000 are being exploited[00:44.42]两万名佣人中有近2000人被他们的雇主剥削,虐待,[00:48.35]and abused by their employers according to a London-based campaigning group[00:56.01]which helps overseas servants working in Britain.[00:58.68]根据某个设在伦敦的帮助在英国工作的国外佣人的政治组织讲,[01:01.36]The abuse can take several forms.[01:04.29]虐待有多种形式.[01:07.21]Often the domestics are not allowed to go out,[01:12.96]and they do not receive any payment.[01:15.18]佣人经常不允许出去,也得不到任何报酬.[01:17.40]They can be physically,sexually and psychologically abused.[01:20.94]他们受到身体上的,性方面的和心理上的虐待.[01:24.48]And they can have their passports removed[01:26.91]他们的护照可能已被拿走,[01:29.34]making leaving or"escaping" virtually impossible.[01:32.46]使其实际上不可能离开或"逃走".[01:35.58]The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world[01:38.91]今年早些时候引起大众高度注意的事件中,[01:42.24]received much media attention earlier this yearin several highly publicised cases.[01:46.48]全世界女佣的悲惨善得到了媒体的注意.[01:50.71]In one of them,[01:52.39]其中一个事件是,[01:54.08]a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, [01:57.55]其中一个事件是,一个菲律宾女佣在被判谋杀罪后,在新加坡被处决.[02:01.03]despite protests from various quarters that her guilt[02:07.58]had not been adequately established.[02:09.96]尽管各方面都抗议她的罪行尚未充分证实.[02:12.34]Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other,lessdramatic,cases[02:16.41]类似于国际反奴隶制的团体声称,其他一些不太富戏剧性的情况[02:20.49]are equally deserving of attention,[02:22.76]也同样值得注意,[02:25.03]such as that of Lydia Garcia a filipino maid working in London:[02:28.66]如一个在伦敦工作的菲律宾女佣,莉迪亚.加西亚事件.[02:32.29]"I was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989.[02:36.62]"我受雇于一位沙特外交官,1989年直接从菲律宾来伦敦工作.[02:40.94]I was supposed to be paid 120 but I never received that amount.[02:44.82]我本应该得到120英镑报酬,但我从示得到那个数目.[02:48.70]They always threatened that they would send me back to my country.[02:51.94]他们一直威胁说要把我遣送回国.[02:55.18]Then there is the case of Kumari from Sri Lanka.[02:57.75]此外,还有来自斯里兰卡的库马里事件.[03:00.32]The main breadwinner in her family,[03:02.56]她家主要靠她赚钱维持生计,[03:04.79]she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.[03:08.37]她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份微薄的工资.[03:11.95]Because she found it difficult to feed her four children,[03:14.57]因为发现很难养活她的四个孩子,[03:17.20]she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.[03:20.18]她接受了在伦敦做佣人的一份工作.[03:23.15]She says she felt like a prisoner at the London house where she worked [03:26.48]她说在那所她工作的伦敦房子里感觉像个囚犯:[03:29.82]"No days off--ever,no breaks at all,no proper food,[03:33.75]"没有假期--从来没有.根本没有间歇,没有适宜的食物.[03:37.68]I didn't have my own room;[03:39.81]我没有自己的房间,[03:41.94]I slept on a shelf with a space of only three feet above me.[03:45.62]睡在一个架子上,上面只有三英尺的空间.[03:49.30]I wasn't allowed to talk to anybody.[03:53.98]I wasn't even allowed to open the window.[03:56.25]不允许与任何人讲话,甚至不允许打开窗子.[03:58.52]My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police [04:02.35]我的雇主常威胁我要向内政部或警方报告.[04:06.18]At the end of 1994[04:08.40]1994年年底,[04:10.62]the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers[04:14.00]英国政府引进新的措施来帮助保护家务工作者,[04:17.38]from abuse by their employers.[04:19.45]使其免受雇主的虐待.[04:21.51]This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18,[04:24.99]其中包括把雇员的最低年龄提高到18岁,[04:28.46]getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet,[04:31.49]让雇员阅读并理解一份忠告传单,[04:34.52]getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions [04:38.54]使雇主同意提供适当的生活费用和条件,[04:42.57]and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job[04:45.75]把工作的主要条款和条件形成文字[04:48.94](of which the employees should see a copy).[04:51.37](雇员应看到副本).[04:53.80]However,many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.[04:57.93] 然而,许多工作人怀疑这样是否能成功地减少虐待发生.[05:02.05]For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics[05:08.30]who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions[05:11.42]但抱怨残酷生活和工作条件的车外女佣和家仆们面临的主要问题是[05:14.54]is thatthey do not have independent immigrant status[05:17.48]他们没有独立的移民身份,[05:20.42]and so cannot change employer.[05:22.64]因此就不能更换雇主[05:24.86](They are allowed in the United Kingdom under a special concession in the immigration rules[05:28.74](他们之所以能住宅区在英国[05:32.62]which allows foreigners to bring domestic staff with them.)[05:35.74]是因为移民法特许权允许外国专家人带的佣人住在英国).[05:38.86]So if they do complain,they risk being deported.[05:41.89]所以,他们真的抱怨的话,就有被驱逐出境的危险.[05:44.92]Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work[05:48.36]允许他们向不同的雇主寻求同样形式的工作.[05:51.79]but with a different employer,[05:55.45]if they so choose,is what groups like Anti-Slavery International[05:58.97]选择这样做的话,这就是像国际反奴隶制这样的组织正极力向政府争取的. [06:02.50]are campaigning the Government for.[06:07.23]It is,theysay,the right to change employers[06:13.71]which distinguishes employment from slavery.[06:16.44]他们说,正是改换雇主的权利把雇佣和奴役区别开来.[06:19.17]Text B Return of The Chain Gang[06:21.84]带铁链的囚犯队又回来了[06:24.52]Eyewitnesses say it was a scene straight out of a black and white movie from the 1950s.[06:27.80]目击者称这是直接取自20世纪50年代一部黑白影片的一个镜头.[06:31.08]As the sun rose over the fields of Huntsville,Alabama,in the American South [06:34.11]当太阳升起在美国南部阿拉巴马州亨茨维尔的旷野上的时候,[06:37.14]the convicts got down from the trucks that had brought them there.[06:39.50]罪犯们从把他们带到那里的卡车上下来.[06:41.87]Watched over by guards with guns,[06:43.79]在携枪的警卫的监视下,[06:45.71]they raised their legs in unison[06:49.26]and made their wayto the edge of hehighway,Interstate 65.[06:52.19]他们步伐一致地走向65号州际公路边.[06:55.11]The BBC's Washington correspondent Clare Boderson was there[06:57.95]BBC驻华盛顿记者克莱尔.博尔德森正在现场,[07:00.78]and she sent this report:[07:02.36]他发出如下报道:[07:03.94]"They wore white uniforms with the words "Chain Gang" on their backs [07:07.12] "他们穿着背印有'铁链囚犯队'的白色囚服,[07:10.29]and,in groups of five,[07:12.17]五人一组,[07:14.05]were shackled together in leg irons joined by an eight-foot chain.[07:16.98]用一条长八英尺的铁链将脚镣连在一起.[07:19.90]The prisoners will work for up to 90 days on the gang:[07:22.28]囚犯们要被拴盛开队,劳动长达90天.[07:24.66]they'll clear ditches of weeds and mend fences along Alabama's main roads [07:28.04]他们要清除阿拉巴马的主要公路沿线沟中的杂草,修理护栏.[07:31.42]While they are working on the gang,[07:33.25]他们被拴成一队工作时,[07:35.08]they'll also live in some of the harshest prison conditions in the United States. [07:38.06]还要住在美国最严酷的监狱环境中.[07:41.04]There'll be no televisions or phone calls;[07:43.16]没有电视或电话,[07:45.29]many other day-to-day privileges will be denied."[07:47.81]许多日常的基本权利也拒绝给予."[07:50.33]The authorities in Alabama[07:52.07]阿拉巴马州官方讲,[07:53.81]say there is a lot of support for there,introduction of chain gangs in the State [07:59.76]after a gap of 30 years[08:01.59]在30年后许多工作人支持在州里恢复用铁链把囚犯拴在起的做法[08:03.42](the last gangs were abolished in Georgia in the early 1960s).[08:06.24](在20世纪60年代早期佐治来州废除了最后一批铁链囚犯队).[08:09.06]Many people believe it is an effective way[08:13.64]to get criminals to pay back their debt to society.[08:15.86]许多工作人相信这是一种让罪犯向社会还清债务的有效途径.[08:18.08]The prisoners stay shackled when they use toilets.[08:20.35]囚犯们上厕所时也戴着镣铐,[08:22.62]They reacted sharply to the treatment they are given:[08:24.89]他们强烈反抗他们所受到的待遇.[08:27.17]Prisoner one: "This is like a circus.A zoo.[08:30.04]第一个囚犯说:"这像是一个马戏团,一个动物园.[08:32.91]All chained here to a zoo.We're all animals now."[08:35.64]这里所有的人都拴在动物园里,现在我们就像动物一样."[08:38.37]Prisoner two: "It's degrading. It's embarrassing."[08:41.25]第二个囚犯说:"这时污辱,令人困窘."[08:44.12]Prisoner three: "In chains. It's slavery!"[08:47.01]第三个囚犯说:"戴着锁链,这简直是奴隶制."[08:49.89]Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black,[08:52.26]每十个戴锁链的囚犯里有六个黑人,[08:54.62]which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by [08:57.65]这就是为什么使戴锁链的囚犯们想起几个世纪以前的奴隶制的情景.[09:00.68]when black people were brought from Africa in leg irons[09:03.01]那时,黑人戴着脚镣从非洲被带来,[09:05.33]and made to work in plantations owned by white men.[09:07.67]被近在白人拥有的种植园里干活儿.[09:10.01]Not surprisingly,[09:11.54]毫不令人奇怪的是,[09:13.06]although threequartersof the white population of Alabama supports chain gangs, [09:15.99]虽然3/4的阿拉巴马州的白人支持把囚犯用铁链拴在一起,[09:18.92]only a small number of black people do.[09:20.89]但只有少数黑人支持.[09:22.86]Don Claxton,spokesman for the State Government of Alabama,[09:25.84]阿拉巴马州政府发言人唐.克莱克斯顿坚持说,[09:28.82]insists that the system is not racist:[09:30.84]这种制度并非种族歧视:[09:32.87]"This isn't something that's done for racial reasons,for political reasons.[09:35.74]"并不是由于种族或政治原因而这样做.[09:38.61]This is something that's going to help save the people of Alabama tax money [09:41.39]这样做能帮助节省阿拉马马州的税收,[09:44.18]because they don't have to pay as many officers to work on the highways. [09:46.81]因为不必再为在公路上工作人员付报酬了.[09:49.45]And it's going to help clean up our highways[09:51.48]并且这也会帮助清理公路,[09:53.50]and it's going to help clean up the State."[09:55.38]有助于清洁整个州.[09:57.26]However,the re-introduction of these measures[10:01.91]has caused a great deal of strong disagreement.[10:03.99]然而,重新彩这些措施招致了许多强烈的反对.[10:06.07]Human rights organizations say that putting prisoners in chains[10:08.80]人权组织声称,把囚犯用铁链锁起来[10:11.53]is not only inhumane but also ineffective.[10:13.96]不公不人道,而且不起作用.[10:16.39]Alvin Bronstein,member of the Civil Liberties Union,[10:19.06]国民自由协会的成员阿尔文.布朗斯坦认为,[10:21.74]says that study after study has shown[10:23.92]多次研究表明[10:26.10]you cannot prevent people from committing crimesby punishment[10:31.07]or the threat of punishment:[10:32.89]通过惩罚或威胁智囊团不能阻止人们犯罪,[10:34.72]"What they will do is make prisoners more angry,more hostile,[10:37.40]"他们这样做的结果将是使犯人更恼怒,更有敌意.[10:40.08]so that when they get ut of prison,[10:41.82]因此当他们从监狱里出来时,[10:43.55]they will increase the level of their criminal behaviour."[10:45.83]就会犯更大大的罪行."[10:48.10]Civil liberties groups say that chaining people together[10:50.53]国民自由团体说,用铁链把人们锁在一起[10:52.96]doesn't solve the causes of crime,[10:54.94]解决不了犯罪的诱因,[10:56.93]such as poverty or disaffection within society.[10:59.20]如社会的贫穷或不满.[11:01.47]What it does is punish prisoners for the ills of society.[11:04.01]这样做就是因为社会的病态而惩罚罪犯.[11:06.54]They say the practice takes the United States back to the Middle Ages, [11:09.17]他们说这种行为会把美国带回中世纪,[11:11.79]and that it is a shame to American society.[11:13.97]这是美国社会的耻辱.[11:16.15]But that's not an argument likely to win favour[11:20.52]among many people in the Deep South of the United States.[11:22.84]但这种争论不大可能记得美国南方腹地人们的支持.[11:25.17]Alabama's experiment is to be widened to include more prisoners,[11:27.96]阿拉马州的实验(这种惩罚方式)将要被推广到更大多囚犯向上. [11:30.76]and other States,such as Arkansas and Arizona,[11:33.28]其他州,诸如阿肯钯州和亚利桑那州,[11:35.80]will very probably introduce their own chain gang schemes. [11:38.37]很可能要推行他们自己的为囚犯锁上铁链的计划.。

footstep/同m⑥♦♦♦R n.脚步，脚步声，一步跨出去的距离mug/o+丫/vt.袭击；抢劫amazing/飞目o几影器修具/adj.令人惊异的incredible/当切口几念够"容h•/adj.难以置信的scare/♦/几中福口m/vt.e kz•·惊吓，受惊，威吓scary德切几寸/adj.引起惊慌的frightening/图9口公秒.中昊/adj.令人恐惧的，引起突然惊恐的fiction用。

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