高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
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高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
1 猜测词义
S t e p I L e a d -i n
1).高考真题再现
One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was
gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little
thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days,
I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as
“hopeless ”,“pitiful,”and “dying ”which sounded ominous.
(2012.重庆)
57. What does the underlined word “ominous ” in
Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Impossible.
B. Boring.
C. Difficult.
D. Fearful.
It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath-perhaps not so noticeably out in mid –ocean,but where it meets
land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach. It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature. It is
filled with symbiotic existences,too; unimaginable quantities of
creatures,little and large alike,mix within its depths in a kind of
oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a
kind of sub-ocean vitality. And it has a psychology. It has
personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare
occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.(2013.重庆)
70.What does the underlined word “symbiotic ” mean? A.Living together.
B.Growing fast.
C.Moving harmoniously.
D.Breathing peacefully. 2).词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. T
h e w o r d “…” r e f e r s t o / p r o b a b l y m e a n s . / c o u l
d b e s t b e r e p l a c e d b y ___. 2.T h e w o r d “…” i s m o s t
l i k e l y t o m e a n ______. 3. W h a t d o y o u t h i n k t h e e x p
r e s s i o n “…” s t a n d s f o r ? 4. T h e u n d e r l i n e d w o r
d “…” m e a n s ______. ...... S t e p II I n t r o d u c t i o n 1. D e f
i n i t i o n 定义法 2. C o n t r a s t 对比法 3. S i m i l a r i t y 相似法
4. C a u s e a n d e f f e c t 因果法 5. E x a m p l e 例举法
6. W o r d F o r m a t i o n 构词法
7. C o n t e x t 上下文
8. C o m m o n S e n s e 普通常识
1. D e f i n i t i o n 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break
easily.
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan
a year.
2. C o n t r a s t 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有b u t 、w h i l e 、h o w e v e r 、 o t h e r w i s e 等。
M o s t o f u s a g r e e d , h o w e v e r , B i l l d i s s e n t e
d .
S h e i s u s u a l l y p r o m p t f o r a l l h e r c l a s s e s , b u
t t o d a y s h e a r r i v e d i n t h e m i d d l e o f h e r f i r s t c l
a s s .
A . o n t i m e
B . l a t e
C . s l o w l y
D . q u i c k l y
3. S i m i l a r i t y 相似法：利用同
义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
C l e a n i n g u p w a t e r w a y s i s a n e n o r m o u s t a s
k.T h e j o b i s s o l a r g e,i n f a c t,t h a t t h e
g o v e r n m e n t m a y n o t b e a b l e t o s a v e s o m e o
f t h e r i v e r s a n d l a k e s w h i c h h a v e b e e n
p o l l u t e d.
4.C a u s e&E f f e c t因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。
O n e w h o i s d e s t i t u t e h a s a g r e a t n e e d f o r f o
o d a n d c l o t h i n g.
T h a t m u s e u m i s s o i m m e n s e t h a t i t w i l l b e i m
p o s s i b l e t o s e e a l l t h e e x h i b i t s i n o n e d a y.
5.E x a m p l e例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有f o r
i n s t a n c e,f o r e x a m p l e,s u c h a s等。
T o d a y y o u n g c o u p l e s o f t e n s p e n d l o t s o f t h
e i r m o n e y o n a p p l i a n c e s,f o r i n s t a n c e,
w a s h i n g m a c h i n e s,r e f r i g e r a t o r s a n d c o l o r
t e l e v i s i o n s. 6. Word Formation 构词法：
英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。
常见的前缀和后缀有：
s u p e r-(超)m i n i-(极小的,微小的)
m i c r o-（极微小的）r e-（再，反复）
m i s-（误，恶）i m-（不）
u n-（不，非）i n-（不，非）
n o n-（不，非）-a b l e（能…的）
-l e s s（不，无）-w a r d s(向)
C a n y o u g u e s s t h e r i g h t m e a n i n g s?
s u p e r m a n m i c r o w a v e
n o n n a t u r a l m i s p r o n o u c e
h o m e l e s s n o n s m o k e r
r e b u i l d e a s t w a r d s
E g.I’m g o i n g t o b u y a m i c r o b u s.
7.C o n t e x t上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。
H e s o u n d e d q u i t e n e r v o u s a n d h e h a d b e e n
t a l k i n g f o r a m i n u t e o r s o b e f o r e I
u n d e r s t a n d a n y t h i n g.E v e n t h e n a l l I c o u l d
m a k e o u t w a s t h a t s o m e o n e c a l l e d M i l l y
h a d h a d a v e r y b a d a c c i d e n t.
A.s e e c l e a r l y
B.u n d e r s t a n d
C.e x p e c t
8.C o m m o n s e n s e普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。
