the bill of right

The United States Bill of Rights. The Ten Original Amendments to the Constitution of the United StatesPassed by Congress September 25, 1789Ratified December 15, 1791“The United States Bill of Rights” is a publication of The Pennsylvania State University’s ElectronicClassic’s Series, Jim Manis, Senior Faculty Editor.The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity University.This publication of “The United States Bill of Rights” is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way.“The United States Bill of Rights” the Pennsylvania State University, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them.Copyright © 1998 The Pennsylvania State UniversityThe Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity University.I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the free-dom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to pe-tition the Government for a redress of griev-ances.II A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.III No soldier shall, in time of peace be quar-tered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.IV The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shallThe United States Bill of Rights.The Ten Original Amendments to the Constitution of the United States Passed by Congress September 25, 1789Ratified December 15, 1791issue, but upon probble cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describ-ing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.V No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same of-fense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compen-sation.VI In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been com-mitted, which district shall have been previ-ously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining wit-nesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.VII In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.The Bill of RightsVIII Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and un-usual punishments inflicted.IX The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. X The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States re-spectively, or to the people.The Bill of Rights。

The House of LordsThe House of Lords is made up largely of life peers with experience in wide-ranging fields, including medicine,education, science, the armed services, academia.the arts, business, industry, the charity sector and public life. They meet and discuss legislation or issues that concern them and to question the government.This House of Lords is one of the most impressive rooms in the House of Parliament. Unlike the Commons which was rebuilt after the WWⅡ. The House of Lords is a working space and it is integral to the parliament’s work. As a forum of independent expertise member of the Lords play a central role in making laws. Scrutinizing, revising and initiating legislation as well as holding a government where it comes. The Lords’ speaker sits there on the woolsack. The Lords’ speaker’s role is to offer advice on procedure and to act as an ambassador for the House. The House of Lords is a self-regulating house.The Lords’ speaker preside over debates but it’s not decide who speaks. The woolsack is a sort of having been introduced in the 16th century to reflect the economic importance of the world trade to England. Over the years, its, stuffing changing to horse hair. But in 1938, It was stuffed with wool from England, Wales, Scotland ,Northern Ireland and countries of the Commonwealth ,given by the International Wool Secretariat.And the development of the Lords is also distant.In 1256 years, Simom de Montfort summoned two knights from each shire and two citizens from each of the more important towns to the Great Council,thus it got the name Parliament. Then during the Hundred Years’ War ,Parliament was formally divided into two parts,Lords and Commons. In 17th century, Parliament was ruled by the king.After the Glorious Revolution,1689s,the Bill of Rights came out,this was a bill which ended the theories of hereditary right to the throne and since then every English monarch rules by permission of Parliament, so after 1688s,the Glorious Revolution marked the shift in power from monarch to parliament.1832s:the year of the first Reform Bill passed,the House of Lords has become less important than the House of Commons.Also the member of the Lords are a significant part , It has over 1000 non-elected members who are Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal.Lords Spiritual which includes the 2 archbishops of the Church of England , Canterbury and York, and 42 diocesan bishops. Their eligibility to sit ends on retirement. And Lords Temporal, It includes hereditary peers and life peers.Hereditary Peers ,in order of rank ,they are Duke, Marquis,Earl, Viscount,Baron. However, since 1963 a hereditary peer can give up his noble title . But this does not prevent the peer's heir from inheriting his title.then talk about the Life Peers. The life peers is the person who is given a title during his or her lifetime , in honor of his or her professionalachievements. And since the Life Peerage Act 1958, about 15 to 20 life peerage have been given each year .In fact many Lords aren’t enthusiastic about politics ,so the average daily attendance is quite low. Their average age is 63.thus the House also called '' nursing home '' by some people. Besides,The peers get no parliamentary salary, but they enjoy a small allowance for each day of attendance.The important part is the function. The functions of the House of Lords are both parliamentary and judicial .let’s know the parliamentary function. theoretically , the Lords run parallel to the Commons.But in fact the Lords does not exercise the dominant constitutional influence.In 1911 an Act was passed under which the House of Lords could not prevent for more than 2 years a bill from passing into law .The interval was reduced to 1 year in1949. This also called Suspensive vote. What’s more ,the Lords has no power to prevent the passing of legislation or bills approved by the House of Commons.It seems unlikely that the Upper House would ever use even the small power which is still left to it.However,in the judicial functions the Lords it is unique.The House of Lords is the highest court in Britain hearing civil and criminal appeals from the lower courts. Actually, when acting as the final court of appeal in Britain, the Lords employs only ''law lords'', who sits asthe highest court of appeal in England . Besides ,the Lords is presided by the Lord Chancellor as its Speaker .The Lords are more informal than those of the Commons,and their role in saving the Commons a great amount of time is widely recognized. Now the work of Lords is largely complementary to that of the Commons.英语一班刘晖14571115。

THE MAKING OF A NATION #16 - Transition to Constitution (THEME)VOICE ONE:This is Frank Oliver.VOICE TWO:And this is Tony Riggs with the Special English history program THE MAKING OF A NATION.(THEME)VOICE ONE:Change has always been part of the history of the United States. Yet there has been very little national conflict. In more than two-hundred years, only one civil war was fought.变化一直是美国历史的一部分。

然而国家冲突很少。

在二百多年的时间里，只有一场内战爆发了。

In that war, during the Eighteen-Sixties, Northern states and Southern states fought against each other. Their bitter argument involved the right of the South to leave the Union and to deal with issues -- especially the issue of slavery -- in its own way.在那次战争中，十八世纪六十年代，北方各州和南方各州相互争斗。

他们激烈的争论涉及南方脱离联邦和以自己的方式处理问题——特别是奴隶制问题的权利。

VOICE TWO:America's civil war lasted four years. Six-hundred-thousand men were killed or wounded. In the end, the slaves were freed, and the Union was saved.美国内战持续了四年。

一、选择题1．The students take the exams _______.A．serious B．seriously C．bad D．worse B解析：B【详解】句意：学生们认真对待考试。

serious 认真的，是形容词；seriously认真地，是副词；bad 坏的，是形容词；worse更糟的，是形容词。

修饰动宾短语take the exams，故用副词。

take sth seriously认真对待某事，故选B。

2．—Peter is _____________ than you, right?—Yes, but he is _____________ runner in our class.A．heavier; best B．heavy; the bestC．heavier; the best D．heavy; better C解析：C【解析】试题分析：句意：Peter比你重是吗？是的，但是他是我们班里跑的最快的人。

第一空因为有than，所以这里应该用比较级；第二空根据in our class可知，这里应该用最高级的形式。

故选C。

考点：考查比较级及最高级的用法。

3．These cinemas have one thing _______.A．common B．in commonC．commonly D．on common B解析：B【详解】句意：这些电影院有一个共同点。

考查介词短语辨析题。

in common常见的/共有的；根据句意语境，可知选B。

4．Bruce Lee is a famous actor. He ______ very well in many films.A．touched B．wondered C．minded D．acted D解析：D【详解】句意：李小龙是一位著名演员。

他在很多电影中演得很好。

考查动词辨析题。

根据上文Bruce Lee is a famous actor.，可知ABC三项意思都与句意不合，act表演，故选D。

英美权利法案The Bill of Rights，即《权利法案》，又译《人权法案》，指的是美国宪法中第一至第十条宪法修正案，由詹姆斯·麦迪逊起草，1791年12月15日，获得通过。

权利法案的10条修正案包括：第一条：言论、宗教、和平集会自由；第二条：持有与佩戴武器的权利；第三条：免于民房被军队征用；第四条：免于不合理的搜查与扣押；第五条：正当程序（Due Process）、一罪不能两判、禁止逼供、禁止剥夺私人财产；第六条：未经陪审团不可定罪以及剥夺被控告方的其他权利；第七条：民事案件中要求陪审团的权利；第八条：禁止过度罚金与酷刑；第九条：未被列入的其他权利同样可以受到保护；第十条：人民保留未经立法的权利。

影响与评价《权利法案》的第一条，即美国宪法第一修正案对美国影响巨大。

美国媒体所享有的一切自由都源于此，在美国，凡是涉及言论、新闻、出版等诉讼，往往都会搬出此，它几乎成为美国媒体或个人言论自由的护身符，不可动摇。

以至于美国人把它颂扬为“美国生活方式”的主要内容。

[1]但是《权利法案》没有修正宪法的一个重大缺陷，即对奴隶制的确认，这使后来的南方地区农奴制扩张大大增长。

[2] 第一条（Amendment I）Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。