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英文原版剑桥语法--冠词与名词可数与不可数(二)

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Articles and Nouns --Countable and uncountable 2Many nouns can be used as countable or uncountable nouns, usually with a difference in meaning.Compare:Countable◇Did you hear a noise just now?（=a specific noise）◇I bought a paper to read. (=a newspaper)◇There’s a hair in my soup! (=one single hair)◇You can stay with us. There’s a spare room. (=a room in a house)◇I had some interesting experiences while I was traveling. (=things that happened to me)◇Enjoy your trip. Have a good time!Uncountable◇I can’t work here. There’s too much noise. (=noise in general)◇I need some paper to write on. (=material for writing on)◇You’ve got very long hair. (not hairs) (=all the air on your head)◇You can’t sit here. There isn’t room. (=space)◇They offered me the job because I had a lot of experience. (not experiences)◇I can’t wait. I don’t have time.Coffee/Tea/Juice/Beer etc. (drinks) are normally uncountable.◇I don’t like coffee very much.But you can say a coffee(=a cup of coffee), two coffees (=two cups) etc. ◇Two coffees and an orange juice, please.The following nouns are usually uncountable:You cannot use a/an with there nouns:◇I’m going to buy some bread. or …a loaf of bread.(not a bread)◇Enjoy your holiday! I hope you have good weather. (not a good weather)There nouns are not usually plural (so we do not say ‘breads’, ‘furnitures’etc.):◇Where are you going to put all your furniture?(not furnitures)◇Let me know if you need more information. (not informations)News is uncountable, not plural:◇The news was very depressing. (not The news were)Travel (noun) means ‘traveling in general’ (uncountable). We do not say ‘a travel’ to mean a trip or a journey:◇They spend a lot of money on travel.◇We had a very good trip/journey. (not a good travel)Compare these countable and uncountable nouns:Exercises:第一部分Which of the underlined parts of these sentences is correct?1. ‘Did you hear noise/a noise just now? ‘No, I didn’t hear anything.’2. a. If you want to know the news, you can read paper/a paper.b. I want print some documents, but the printer is out of paper/papers.3. a. Light/A light comes from the sun.b. I thought there was somebody in the house because there was light/a light inside.4. a. I was in a hurry this morning. I didn’t have time/a time for breakfast.b. ‘Did you have a good holiday?’‘Yes, we had wonderful time/ a wonderful time.’5. This is nice room/ a nice room. Did you decorate it yourself?6. Sue was very helpful. She gave us some very useful advice/advices.7. Did you have nice weather/a nice weather when you were away?8. We were very unfortunate. We had bad luck/a bad luck.9. Is it difficult to find a work/job at the moment?10. Our travel/journey from Paris to Moscow by train was very tiring.11. When the fire alarm rang, there was total chaos/a total chaos.12. I had to buy a bread/some bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches.13. Bad news don’t/doesn’t make people happy.14. Your hair is/Your hairs are too long. You should have it/them cut.15. The damage/The damages caused by the storm will cost a lot to repair.答案：1. a noise2. a. a paper b. paper3. a. Light b. a light4. a. timeb. a wonderful time 5. a nice room 6. nice weather 7. bad luck 8. bad luck 9. job 10. journey 11. journey 12. total chaos 13. doesn’t 14. Your hair is … it15. The damage第二部分Complete the sentence using the following words. Use the plural where necessary.1. I didn’t have much _________-- just two small bags.2. They’ll tell you all you want to know. They’ll give you plenty of ____.3. There is room for everybody to sit down. There are plenty of _____.4. We have no _____, not even a bed or a table.5. ‘What does Alan look like?’‘He’s got a long beard and very short ___.6. Carla’s English is better than it was. She’s made ________.7. Mike is unemployed. He can’t get a __________.8. Mike is unemployed. He can’t get _______.9. If you want to leave early, you have to ask for _________.10. I didn’t know what to do. So I asked Chris for __________.11. I don’t think Dan should get the job. He doesn’t have enough ______.12. Nicola has done many interesting things. She could write a book about her _________.答案：1. luggage2. information3. chairs4. furniture5. hair6. progress7. job8. work9. permission 10. advice 11. experience 12. experiences第三部分What do you say in these situations? Use a word from Part Two in each sentence.1. Your friends have just arrived at the station. You can’t see any cases or bags.You ask them:2. You go into the tourist office. You want to know about places to see inthe town.You say: I’d like3. You are a student. You want your teacher to advise you about which courses to do.You say: Can you give me4. You want to watch the news on TV, but you don’t know when it is on. You ask your friend: What time5. You are at the top of a mountain. You can see a very long way. It’s beautiful.You say: It6. You look out of the window. The weather is horrible: cold, wet and windy.You say: What答案：1. Do you have any luggage?2. I’d like some information about places in the town.3. Can you give me (some) advice about which courses to do?/… coursesI can do?4. What time is the news (on)?5. It’s a beautiful view, isn’t it?6. What horrible/awful weather?。

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必会英语语法20剑桥语法讲解

必会英语语法20剑桥语法讲解

必会英语语法20类目录：1.缩写2.a,an用法3.名词题型4.be用法5.动词题型6.变一般疑问句7.变特殊疑问句8.变否定句9.主宾格10所有格11.favorite用法12.物主代词用法13.单数句与复数句转换14.翻译15.特殊疑问句的回答16.一般疑问句的回答17.词性18.句子成分分析19.同义句20.语法大总结口诀一缩写（一）要点：两单词缩写方法如下：1. am,is ,are 与其他单词缩写，分别变为：’m, ’s, ’re.I am = I ’mshe is =she’swe are = we’re2. not与其他单词缩写，变为 n’t .does not =doesn’tdo not =don’tis not= isn’tare not =aren’t（二）不能缩写的有：1.am not不能缩写为amn’t.2.this is 不能缩写为 this’s。

3.一般疑问句的肯定回答不能缩写！--Is this abook? –Yes ,it ’s(×)因为缩写后，就成了光棍！（三）必须缩写的有：1.否定句。

He is not a boy. (×) He isn’t aboy. (√)2.一般疑问句的否定回答。

-Is this a book?-No,it is not(×).-No,it isn’t.(√)(四)典型错误列举如下：This ’s a book.-Are you a boy? - Yes ,I ’m.-Are you a girl? -No ,I amn’t.-Does she like dogs? -No,she does not.-Are they boys? -Yes,they’re.He does not go fishing .He and she do not do their homework.二a,an用法（一）相同点：两者都表示“一个”（二）不同点：通常情况以元音开头的单词表示“一个”时用an,其他的都用a表示“一个”。

可数名词与不可数名词的英语语法

可数名词与不可数名词的英语语法

可数名词与不可数名词的英语语法可数名词与不可数名词的英语语法一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。

可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker，farmer，desk，factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people，family等）。

如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。

不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat，rice，water，milk，orange等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work，homework，time，health，friendship 等）。

二、关于可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。

名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1、一般的名词词尾直接加-s。

如：bo ok→booksroom→roomshouse→housesday→days2、以s，ss，ch，sh，x结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。

如：bus→busesglass→glasseswatch→watchesdish→dishesbox→boxes3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。

如：city→citiesbody→bodiesfactory→factories等等。

4、以f或fe结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。

如：half→halvesleaf→le avesknife→kniveswife→wives5、特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。

]①child→children②man→menwoman→womenpoliceman→policemen（规律：man→men）③tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoes[悄悄话：初中英语以o结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo→photos]④foot→feettooth→teeth[悄悄话：oo变成ee。

英文原版剑桥语法之冠词与名词可数与不可数(一)

英文原版剑桥语法之冠词与名词可数与不可数(一)

Articles and Nouns --Countable and uncountable 1A noun can be countable or uncountable:Countable◇I eat a banana every day.◇I like bananas.Banana is a countable noun.A countable noun can be singular (banana) or plural(bananas).We can use numbers with countable nouns. So we can say ‘one banana’, ‘two bananas’ etc.Example of nouns usually countable:◇Kate was singing a song.◇There’s a nice beach near here.◇Do you have a ten-pound note?◇It wasn’t your fault. It was an accident.◇There are no batteries in the radio.◇We don’t have enough cups.uncountable◇I eat rice every day.◇I like rice.Rice is an uncountable noun.An uncountable noun has only one form (rice).We cannot use umbers with uncountable nouns. We cannot say ‘one rice’, ‘two rices’ etc.Examples of nouns usually uncountable:◇Kate was listening to some music.◇There’s sand in my shoes.◇Do you have any money?◇It wasn’t your fault. It was bad luck.◇There is no electricity in this house.◇We don’t have enough water.You can use a/an with singular countable nouns:a beach a student an umbrellaYou cannot use singular countable nouns alone (without a/the/my tec.): ◇I want a banana.(not I want banana)◇There’s been an accident.(not There’s been accident)You can use plural countable nouns alone:◇I like bananas. (=bananas in general)◇Accidents can be prevented.You cannot normally use a/an with uncountable nouns. We do not say ‘a sand’, ‘a music’, ‘a rice’.But you can often use a … of. For example: a bowl/ a packet/ a grain ofriceYou can use uncountable nouns alone (without the/my/some etc.):◇I eat rice every day.◇There’s blood on your shirt.◇Can you hear music?You can use some and any with plural countable nouns:◇We sang some songs.◇Did you buy any apples?We use many and few with plural countable nouns:◇We didn’t take many pictures.◇I have a few things to do.You can use some and any with uncountable nouns:◇We listened to some music.◇Did you buy any apple juice?We use much and little with uncountable nouns:◇We didn’t do much shopping.◇I have a little work to do.Exercises第一部分Some of these sentences need a/an. Correct the sentences where necessary.1. Joe goes everywhere by bike. He hasn’t got car.2. Helen was listening to music when I arrived.3. We went to very nice restaurant last weekend.4. I brush my teeth with toothpaste.5. I use toothbrush to brush my teeth.6. Can you tell me if there’s bank near here?7. My brother works for insurance company in Frankfurt.8. I don’t like violence.9. Can you smell paint?10. When we were in Rome, we stayed in big hotel.11. We need petrol. I hope we come to petrol station soon.12. I wonder if you can help me. I have problem.13. I like your suggestion. It’s very interesting idea.14. John has interview for job tomorrow.15. I like volleyball. It’s good game.16. Lisa doesn’t usually wear jewellery.17. Jane was wearing beautiful necklace.答案：1. He hasn’t got a car.2. OK3. We went to a very nice restaurant…4. OK5. I use a toothbrush…6. … if there’s a bank near here?7. … for an insurance company8. OK9. OK10 … we stayed in a big hotel.11. … I hope we come to a petrol station soon.12. … I have a problem. 13. … It’s a very interesting idea.14. John has an interview for a job tomorrow. 15. … It’s a good game.16. OK 17. Jane was wearing a beautiful necklace.第二部分Complete the sentences using the following works. Use a/an where necessary.1. It wasn’t your fault. It was __________.2. Listen! Can you hear _________?3. I couldn’t get into the house because I didn’t have __________.4. It’s very warm today. Why are you wearing ________?5. Do you take _____________ in your coffee?6. Are you hungry? Would you like ____________ with your coffee?7. Our lives would be very difficult without __________.8. ‘I had __________ for a job yesterday.’‘Did you? How did it go?’9. The heart pumps _______________ through the body.10. Excuse me, but can I ask you _____________?11. I’m not ready yet. Can you wait __________, please?12. We can’t delay much longer. We have to make __________ soon.答案：1. an accident2. music3. a key4. a coat5. sugar6. a biscuit7. electricity 8. an interview 9. blood 10. a question 11. a moment 12. a decision第三部分Complete the sentences using the following words. Sometimes the word needs to be plural (-s), and sometimes you need to use a/an.1. I had my camera, but I didn’t take any ____________.2. There are seven ___________ in a week.3. A vegetarian is a person who doesn’t eat ___________.4. Outside the cinema there was ______ of people waiting to see the film.5. I’m not very good at telling ______________.6. Last night I went out with some _________ of mine.7. There were very few _____________ in town today. The streets were almost empty.8. I’m going out for a walk. I need some fresh ________.9. Gary always wants things quickly. He doesn’t have much _________.10. I think it’s going to rain. Do you have ________ I could borrow?11. Do you speak any foreign ___________?12. Our flat is very small. We don’t have much _________.答案：1. pictures2. days3. meat4. a queue5. jokes6. friends7. people8. air9. patience 10. an umbrella 11. languages 12. space。

2023年中考英语语法复习之可数名词和不可数名词

2023年中考英语语法复习之可数名词和不可数名词

可数名词和不可数名词可数名词：如dog，book，bag，apple等①可数名词指的是数得清个数的名词，有复数形式，通常在词尾加s或es；②表示一类事物时，可以用a/an/the＋单数名词，或复数名词表示不可数名词：如rain,rice,milk,honey,beef,snow等①不可数名词指的是数不清的名词，无复数形式，不能加s 或es，如液体类，肉类，粉末类等名词。

②不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式③用代词指代不可数名词时，用单数it不用复数they或them 三、变化规则（1）可数名词变化规则①一般情况在可数名词词尾直接＋s例：dogdogs,appleapples, bookbooks②以字母s, x, ch, sh 结尾的可数名词，在词尾加es例：busbuses,boxboxes, watchwatches,dishdishes③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的可数名词，将y 改为i 再加es 例：babybabies,candycandies, dictionarydictionaries(反例：以元音字母＋y，boyboys,keykeys)④以o结尾的有生命的词尾加es，无生命的词尾加s例：(黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯)有生命：negronegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes无生命radioradios, photophotos⑤以字母f或fe结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v，再在词尾加es 例：(半片树叶看见妻子拿刀去宰狼)halflalves, leafleaves, wifewives, knifeknives, wolfwolves⑥特例sheepsheep,fishfish (不变)footfeet,toothteeth (double o变double e) manmen,womanwomen (a变e)childchildren,mousemice（2）不可数名词不可数名词的数量要借助“基数词＋表示量的名词＋of”短语表达例：two boxes of milk,three pieces of bread,two cups of water 题目一、写出下列名词(词组)的复数形式banana_________ apple__________ tomato ___________desk___________ radio___________ library __________box__________ class____________ knife __________watch__________ dictionary ____________model plane____________ tape player ______________pencil box______________ woman teacher_____________二、单项选择1.There is some_______on the table.A.cakesB.meat2.I'm hungry , I want to eat some________.A.bread3.I don't like_______.A. appleB.bananas C . waters4.—Do you like_______？—Yes.I like them very much.5.—Mom,can I have some_______?’s in the cup on the table.A.6.I want to have three _______ and two ______.A.orange;pearsB.oranges;pearC.oranges;pearsD.orange;pear7.—What do you often have for breakfast?—I often have an egg,some________and a glass of milk.A.apple8.—Does Jenny like _______?—Yes,she _______.A.egg;doesB.tomatoes;doC.tomatoes;doesD.eggs;do三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.—What fruit do you like?—__________ (strawberry).2.Where are the _______ (photo) ?3.Tom's brother has an egg and a glass of ________(milk) for breakfast.4.Would you like some________(rice)?5.I would like to have some______(tomato)and two_____(pear) for dinner.6.I love sports and I often play _______(they).7.I have three good_______ (friend).8.Look! There are two________(dictionary) on the desk.9.Mary has four_______(class)on Monday morning.’s and Jenny’s_________(birthday) are in May.【答案】一、bananas apples tomatoes desk radio libraries boxes classes knives watches dictionariesmodel planes tape playerspencil boxes women teachers二、BABCB CBC三、1.strawberries 2.photos k 4.rice 5.tomatoes pears6.them7.friends8.dictionaries9.classes 10.birthdays。