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（7）现在完成时及被动语态—2023届高考英语一轮复习语法总动员之动词时态语态一、填空题1.This is the first time that I _____________(visit) the Great Wall.2.The number of overseas students studying at UK universities ______(rise) to 330,000—one in seven of the total by now.3.The number of road accidents ______(increase) over the past year.4.It is the third time that he ______(visit) our beautiful city Harbin.5.China ______(welcome) Western fashion and futuristic technology during the last decades.6.It's too late! The radio says the city _____(flood) already.7.By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ________________(complete) in Beijing.8.Animal products like pearls and silk _____(serve) as decoration for many years.9.In the last few years thousands of films _________(produce) all over the world.10.It's the first time that the computer _____(check) since I bought it.二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式.被动语态由be＋过去分词构成, be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例, 各种时态的被动语态形式为:1.am/is/ar.+don.(过去分词.一般现在时. 2.ha./hav.bee.don.现在完成时3.am/i./ar.bein.don.现在进行时4.was/wer.don.一般过去时5.ha.bee.don.过去完成时6.was/wer.bein.don.过去进行时7.shall/wil.b.don.一般将来时8.should/woul.b.don.过去将来时9.shall/wil.hav.bee.don.将来完成时（少用）10.should/woul.hav.bee.don.过去将来完成时（少用）2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为: 情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
例Th.bab.shoul.b.take.goo.car.o.b.th.baby-sitter.2.有些动词可以有两个宾语, 在用于被动结构时, 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例Hi.mothe.gav.hi..presen.fo.hi.birthday.可改.H.wa.give..presen.b.hi.mothe.fo.hi.birthday.3.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时, 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 其余不动。
例Someon.caugh.th.bo.smokin..cigarette.可改为Th.bo.wa.caugh.smokin..cigarette.4）在使役动词have.make.get以及感官动词see.watch.notice.hear.feel.observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时, 在主动结构中不定式to要省略, 但变为被动结构时, 要加to。
动词时态讲解动词时态、语态汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。
英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种，而且重点测试完成时态。
要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境，仍用一般现在时。
如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided.If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。
被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态。
学习被动语态，除了要熟练掌握各种时态的被动语态构成外，还要注意哪些动词没有被动语态，避免将一些不及物动词，如happen, occur, belong, remain等，误当作及物动词而用在被动结构之中。
另外，一些特殊现象，如主动形式表示被动意义与被动形式表示主动意义等，也是学习中应注意的问题。
★主动语态变为被动语态时，通常采用如下步骤：1. 宾语→主语（若为宾格须变为主格）；2. 谓语动词→be + 过去分词（注意be有人称、数和时态的变化）；3. 主语→（根据句意需要）by + 主动语态句子的主语（若为主格须变为宾格）；4. 其余部分→其余部分。
e.g.主动语态：We speak English every day.主语谓动宾语状语(其余部分)被动语态：English is spoken (by us) every day.考点一被动语态的构成考点二被动语态的适用范围1. 强调或突出动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时，e.g.Immediate action should be taken to protect the environment.2. 不知道或无需说出动作的执行者时，e.g.--Have you heard about that fire in the market?--Yes, fortunately no one was hurt.Many buildings will be built in our city.3. 动作的执行者是无声民的事物时，e.g.The window glass was broken by a stone.考点三主动形式表示被动意义1. 谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义①●be动词：am/is/are/was/were●感官系动词：look/sound/smell/taste/feel系动词●表“像”系动词：seem/appear●表“保持”系动词：keep/stay/remain●表“变化”系动词：become/go/get/turn/grow/fall (asleep)/come (true)●表“结果”系动词：prove/turn out (to be)e.g. These flowers smells very nice.The story sounds true.His dream has come true.Einstein’s theory proved (to be) correct.②sell, wash, burn, cook, clean, cut,read, write,open, lock, shut, keep(保存)等，当他们与well, easily等副词连用，说明主语的某种属性特征时，常用主动形式表被动意义。
高中英语必修课--被动语态复习知识讲解及巩固练习题（含答案解析）被动语态复习1概念引入主语是动作的发出者，谓语动词用主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，谓语动词用被动语态。
和时态一样，语态也是英语学习和使用中非常重要的一项语法，每年各地高考的题量都高于其它语法项目，也是语篇的正确理解的基础，更不用说在作文中的恰当应用的重要性了。
此单元我们将复习使用被动语态的注意事项和不定式的被动式的用法。
先看下面句子：1.Robots are programmed and controlled by a computer.2.Choose one and be prepared to tell the class about it briefly.3.It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife,Claire.4.Claire didn’t want the robot in her house,especially as her husband wouldbe absent for three weeks,but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.5.Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.这些句子中斜体词部分都用了被动语态形式，其中例句1、2、3是谓语动词的被动语态，例句4、5是不定式的被动语态。
例句1中controlled前省略了are；例句2是并列的两个祈使句，be prepared to意为“为做......准备好”。
用法讲解【高清课堂：复习被动语态一、基本用法（以do为例）】被动语态的时态变化（谓语动词）：基本用法（以do为例）重点解析：1.被动语态的形式从时态上，分成现在、过去、将来，再细分为一般、进行、完成。
语鹅市安置阳光实验学校语法语态的讲解与训练语态【知识要点】英语语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者就用主动语态，反之，如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
另外非谓语动词也有主动和被动形式。
（1）动词的主动语态（在时态部分中已全部涉及）。
（2）动词的被动语态：常用时态的被动语态的构成如下：1）一般现在时 am/is/are asked例如：I am asked to answer the question. 我被要求回答那个问题。
2）过去进行时 was/were being asked例如：I was being asked to answer a question by a teacher when he saw me.当他看见我时，我正在被老师要求回答问题。
3）一般过去时 was/were asked例如：Yesterday, Mike was scolded by his father because of his making amistake.昨天，迈克因为犯错受到他爸爸的责备。
4）现在完成时 have/has been asked例如：This work has been finished (by me).这项工作已被我完成了。
5）一般将来时 shall/will be asked例如：This work will be finished tomorrow.这项工作明天将被完成。
6）过去完成时 had been asked例如：Before 10 o’clock yesterday’s morning, this work had all been finished.昨天十点以前，这项工作已被全部完成。
7）过去将来时 should/would be asked例如：He said the natural resources would be used up next centuries.他说那些自然资源下个世纪将被用尽。
高考英语基础语法：动词时态与被动语态详解在高考英语中，动词时态和被动语态是语法的重要组成部分，对于准确理解和表达英语句子的含义起着关键作用。
下面，咱们就来详细地探讨一下这两个重要的语法点。
首先，咱们来聊聊动词时态。
动词时态简单来说就是表示动作发生的时间和状态。
英语中常见的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时等。
一般现在时通常用于表示经常发生的动作、客观事实或真理。
比如说，“The sun rises in the east”（太阳从东方升起。
）这就是一个客观事实，用一般现在时。
再比如，“I play basketball every weekend”（我每个周末都打篮球。
）这里表示经常发生的动作。
一般过去时呢，则是用来描述过去发生的动作。
“I went to Beijing last year”（我去年去了北京。
）在这个句子里，“went”就是过去式，表示过去的动作。
一般将来时是用于表示将来要发生的动作。
“I will go to the cinema tomorrow”（我明天要去电影院。
）“will ＋动词原形”就体现了将来时态。
现在进行时表示正在进行的动作。
“I am reading a book now”（我现在正在读书。
）“be ＋动词的现在分词”构成现在进行时。
过去进行时用于描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
“I was watching TV at 8 o'clock yesterday evening”（昨天晚上 8 点我正在看电视。
）将来进行时相对用得少一些，它表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。
比如，“This time next week, I will be having a meeting”（下周这个时候，我将正在开会。
）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
“I have finished my homework”（我已经完成了作业。
高中英语考点：被动语态+练习被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化。
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。
1. 各种时态的被动语态结构如下：一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am / is / are (not)+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was / were +过去分词现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have / has +been +过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will +be +过去分词过去将来时的被动语态：主语+would / should + be +过去分词过去进行时的被动语态：主语+was / were + being +过去分词过去完成时的被动语态：主语+had + been +过去分词情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词2. 被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by+动作执行者短语。
Football is played widely all over the world.全世界都广泛地踢足球。
(2)强调动作的承受者。
The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon.昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
(3)作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型。
It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
3. 主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词(3)原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面;如果没必要，可省略。
不能变为被动语态的情形1.受动词的限制①表示状态的及物动词，只能用于主动语态。
某些表示状态的及物动词，如have, own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become (适合), fit, resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold等作谓语时，不能变为被动句。
被动语态Passive Voice一、被动语态的构成动词语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象。
谓语动词为主动语态的叫主动句，为被动语态的叫被动句。
1.被动语态的基本构成形式2.过去将来时： should/would be donewas\were going to be donewas\were about to be donewas\were to be to done过去将来完成时： should/would have been done2. 含情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词练习：1) Visitors ___________ (request) not to touch the exhibits.2) All the preparations for the task_______________(complete), and we're ready to start.3) Look, a new cinema _____________(build) here now．4) I _____________ (give) ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ______________(complete) in Beijing.6) A meeting ___________________(hold) when I was there.7) Hundreds of job_____________ (lose) if the factory closes.8) The news ____________________(send) to the soldier's mother as soon as itarrived.9) The project ____________________(complete) before July.10）He told me that his new clothes ____________________(make)very soon. 11）The baby ____________________(take care of) by the baby-sitter. 应该由保姆照顾2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式二. 主动语态与被动语态的转换1. 主+谓+宾结构：Rowling wrote Harry Potter. ___________________________________________. The government supported the research. _____________________________________. No one has ever beaten her at .We didn’t notice anything special in his work. __________________________________.3.主+谓+间宾+直宾：His mother gave him a present for his birthday. _____________________________________________.My uncle bought me a new computer._____________________________________________________.______________________________________________________.Our teacher offered us many suggestions to reduce .__________________________________________.注意: 加to或者forShe told me when the project would start. ______________________________________.4.主+谓+宾+宾补：People call this team a cheer-leading squad. _____________________________________.注意：在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, look at, watch, notice,observe, hear, listen to, feel,help等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
考点09被动语态（核心考点精讲精练）1. 高考真题考点分布考点题型谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致语法填空年份试卷类型考点考向20242024·新课标I卷____60_walks___ (walk) 一般现在时与主谓一致2024·新课标II卷___38_were_(be);___41_be built__ (build)一般过去时与主谓一致；被动语态2024·全国乙卷__44_were__ (be)一般过去时与主谓一致2024·全国甲卷2024·年浙江1月__42_have started___(start)现在完成时与主谓一致20232023·新课标I卷/2023·新课标II卷I ___65_ wished__ (wish)一般过去时2023·全国乙卷was amazed;means;一般过去时与主谓一致，一般现在时与主谓一致2023·全国甲卷/2023·年北京卷11.would throw13. had arrivedhas established一般将来时；过去完成时；现在完成时与主谓一致2023·年浙江1月featured一般过去时20222022·新课标I卷were;is designed一般过去时与主谓一致；一般现在时被动语态与主谓一致2022·新课标II卷42.was fixing43. threw过去进行时与主谓一致；一般过去时2022·全国乙卷addressed一般过去时2022·全国甲卷has walked现在完成时与主谓一致2022·年北京卷caught;has;has increased一般过去时；一般现在时与主谓一致；现在完成时与主谓一致2022·年浙江1月is viewed或has beenviewedare；have promised一般现在时被动语态与主谓一致；主谓一致；现在完成时被动语态与主谓一致2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于被动语态的考查共计3次，主要考查：1.一般现在时的被动语态；2.一般过去时的被动语态；3. 现在完成时的被动语态。
高中语法：被动语态Ⅰ. 含义与构成1.被动语态表示句中的主语接受谓语动作，也就是说，主语是谓语动作的承受者。
谓语动词用作被动语态的句子叫做被动句。
2.构成：be + 过去分词（be有时可用become 或get代替）Be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
3.被动语态的各种时态形式有：English is spoken in many countries.Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare.Many believe that one day the earth will be destroyed if people do not learn to live in peace.His plan is being carried out successfully.The new curtains were being hung when the visitors showed up.The car will be being cleaned by my brother.I’ve been robbed.The outcome of the election was announced before all of the votes had been counted.Everything will have been done by the end of this month.Ⅱ. 用法1.要用到被动语态的情况1）强调动作的承受者：Frank was hit by a car.A new idea has been suggested.2）说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有必要指出：This bridge was built in 1700.The house is being repaired.3）说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观，避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态：此类通常为表示\"据说\"或\"相信\" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say,see, suppose, think, understand等组成，如：It is said that…据说；It is reported that… 据报道；It is believedthat…大家相信；It is hoped that…大家希望；It is well known that… 众所周知It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.4）在文章标题、广告、新闻中Waitress wanted.Millions of pounds’ worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.2.感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.--> I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.We saw him play football on the playground.--> He was seen to play football on the playground.3.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +过去分词，Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。
一对一辅导名师讲解把住命题巩固练习开拓潜力提升自信命题组：校办一、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。
2。
主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
如:ll go⨯I t go⨯there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow，I won there。
3.在以here，there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
例如:There goes the bell.铃响了。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了.二、现在进行时1.表示正在进行的动作.2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作.例如:She is leaving for Beijing。
她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday。
这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3。
代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east。
江水滚滚向东流。
The sun is rising in the east。
太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4。
大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。
常见的有：exist，live，understand,mean,owe，belong to ,know，doubt，suppose,remember,forget，believe，trust,want，wish,refuse，like，hate，dislike，prefer，mind,hope等。
三、现在完成时1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作.例如：I have finished the report。
高中英语被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成：动作承受者+助动词be（各种时态）+及物动词的过去分词+（by+动作发出者）二、1. That boy breaks the glass.The glass is broken by that boy.三、被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1. We request visitors not to touch the exhibits.(do)Visitors ___________ not to touch the exhibits (by us).( am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时被动语态)：boss gave me ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer. (did)I ___________ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer (by the boss).（was/were done 一般过去时被动语态）will/shall lose hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.(will/shall do)Hundreds of jobs ____________if the factory closes.(will/shall be done)The city is going to hold the winter Olympic Games.(be going to do )The winter Olympic Games_____________ by the city.(be going to be done )The cat is about to catch the mouse when I come in.(be about to do)\The mouse ____________________ by the cat when i come in.(be about to be done)I am to buy a car in the coming month.(be to do)A car ________________ by me in the coming month.(be to be done)(will/shall/be going to/be about to/be to +be done)一般将来时被动语态引申:People would/should/ were going to/were about to/were to send the news to soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.The news __________________________________________ the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.have completed all the preparation for the task. (have done)！All the preparations for the task _______________ by us.(have been done)(have been done)现在完成时被动语态5.By the end of last year, Beijing had completed another new gym.(had done)By the end of last year, another new gym ______________in Beijing.(had been done)(had been done)过去完成时被动语态6.We will have completed the project before September.(will have done)The project ____________________________ before July(will have been done).(will have been done)将来完成时被动语态《7. The city is building a new cinema here.(be doing)A new cinema _____________ here by the city.(be being done)(be being done)现在进行时被动语态were holding a meeting when I was there.(be doing)A meeting _________________ when I was there.(be being done)(be being done)过去进行时被动语态三. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
一、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
If it rains tomorrow, I will not go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。
The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。
常见的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,believe, trust, want, wish, refuse, like, hate, dislike, prefer, mind, hope等。
三、现在完成时1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。
I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。
He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。
She was very clean.She is very clean and she has cleaned the room.2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，I have seen that film.我看过那部电影了但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。
When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。
)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.瞬间动词join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
(×)He has finished the work for three hours他已完成工作三小时了。
1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时1. 用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。
He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.It has been raining for two days.五、一般过去时表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
六、过去进行时1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2. 表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。
They were still working when I left.3. 用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。
I was writing while he was watching TV.4. 表示过去将来动作。
He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时1. 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2. 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。
At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3. 常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。
有下列一些形式：1. will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）2. be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)3. be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)4. be about to do (按计划即将发生)九、将来完成时用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。
常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。
例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.主动和被动一、注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态That old man was often laughed at. 那位老人常受人嘲笑。
The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人请大夫去了。
Time must be made good use of. 时间一定要充分利用。
The plan will be given up. 那计划就要被放弃了。
Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。
He must be prevented from going. 必须阻止他去。
二、get + 过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化She got married last week. 她上周结婚了。
The patient got treated once a week. 那位病菌人一周得到一次治疗。
He fell off the car and got killed. 他从车上摔下来，摔死了。
三、主动形式表被动意义1 系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep+ 形容词/名词构成系表结构。
The steel feels cold.His plan proved (to be) practical.It has gone bad.2 表示开始、结束、运动的动词begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。
Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.3 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open,cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink 这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。
This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。
Nylon cleans easily. 尼龙容易洗干净。
The door won’t lock. 这门锁不上。
Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 食物在冰箱里能保鲜。
Your speech reads well. 你的演说讲得好。
This material has worn thin. 这个材料已经磨薄了。
His book does not sell. 他的书没有销路。
Your pen writes smoothly. 你的笔好写。
This lock won’t catch. 这锁锁不上。
The match won’t catch. 火柴擦不着。
The plan worked out wonderfully. 这计划制定得很好。
The recorder won’t play. 这录音机不转。
The engine won’t start. 引擎发动不起来。
This knife cuts well. 这把刀子很快。
The cloth washes well. 这布很耐洗。
4 少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。
