中考英语主谓一致语法知识复习(带答案)
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中考英语主谓一致语法知识复习
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英语中的主谓一致包括主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致、时态一致和名词与其代词的一致。主谓一致只要是指第一种。
一．主谓一致的三原则
主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。当三者冲突时，优先考虑意义一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
Percy has made great progress in Chinese since he came to China. 珀西自从到中国来，汉语水平取得了很大的进步。
The children are very fond of working on the farm. 孩子们非常喜欢在农场工作。
2. 意义一致原则
意义一致原则从意义着眼来解决主谓一致的问题。有时，主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语应当采用复数形式；有时，主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语应当采用单数形式。
(1). 当主语由 as well as/with/along with/together with/accompanied by/rather than/in addition
to/rather than/more than 等连接时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
California, along with Florida and Hawaii, is among the most popular US tourist destinations. 加利福尼亚，与佛罗里达和夏威夷，位于美国最受欢迎的旅游胜地之列。
The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend. 老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。
The students, along with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend. 学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。
(2). and 连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词常用复数；但如果两个并列从成分指的是同一事物时，谓语动词用复数。
Her teacher and her friend are in the sitting room. 她的老师和朋友都在客厅。
The poet and writer has peoduced many works. 这个诗人兼作家写了很多的作品。
War and peace is a constant theme in history. 战争与和平是历史上一个永恒的主题。
(3). 集体名词作主语时，如视为整体，谓语动词用单数；如强调个体，谓语动词用单复数。
常见的集体名词有 army/audience/class/club/committee/crowd/family/government/group/
majority/minority/public/staff/team等。但 people/police/cattle 一般总看成复数形式。
The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球。
The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会最小的细胞。
The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception. 公众完全有理由谨防职业骗局。
The public now come to know the whole story. 人们现在开始了解整个故事。
3. 就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和数应当与最靠近的主语保持一致，这类句子的主语由or，/either...or.../neither...nor.../not only...but also.../not...but...连接。
Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident. 不是杰克而是他的父母应当为这次的家庭事故而受到责备。 Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我，就是他们要对那件事的结果负负责任。
Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress. 既不是那些不友好的话，也不是那些不友好的态度让我沮丧。
Not only he but also his family are keen on concerts. 不但他，而且他的家人都很热衷于听音乐会。
二．主谓一致的其他情况
(1). 不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Reading often means learning. 读书即意味着学习。
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good. 每天早晨大声朗读英语有许多好处。
(2). 从句作主语，谓语动词一般单数。
Where we should go during the vacation has been decided. 我们去哪里度假已经确定了。
What he said has been recorded. 他说的话被录音了。
what 引导的主语从句意义上为复数，或者从句中有两个动词是表示复数意义的并列结构，谓语动词应当使用复数形式。
What we badly need are doctors. 我们急需的是医生。
What I say and think are none of your business. 我说什么想什么与你无关。
and 连接的两个名词性从句，表示两件事，谓语动词常用复数；但 how and why/ when and
where 引导的主语从句，谓语动词仍用单数。
What caused the accident and who should be responsible remained unknown. 造成事故的原因和谁应当负责还不知道。
How and why he came to this city is a story of success and struggle. 他为什么和如何来到这个城市是一个充满奋斗和成功的故事。
(3). 不定代词作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词一般采用单数。
Every effort is being made to minimize civilian casualties. 正竭尽全力减少平民伤亡。
Everyone involved in the accident has been questioned by the police. 这场事故牵涉到的每个人都受到了警察的询问。
(4). many a.../more than one... 作主语时，尽管意义上为复数，谓语动词却应当用单数形式。
Many a customer has been lost due to negligence of service. 由于服务不周丢失了很多客户。
More than one person has made the suggestion. 不止一个人提过这项建议。
(5). a series of/a kind of 表示种类和系列等，修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant. 这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。
A series of high-tech products is on display in the exhibition. 展览会上展出了一系列高科技产品。
(6). Several/both/few/many 等修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词为复数。
On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 在海边，有的人打排球，有的人晒太阳。
Both of us are fond of watching football games. 我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。
(7). a lot of/some of/most of/the rest of 即可接可数名词也可接不可数名词，接可数名词时谓语动词用复数形式，接不可数名词谓语动词用单数。
A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天断电时，那家商店丢失了很多钱。
Some of the books about investment fund have been published recently. 最近一些关于投资基金的书籍出版了。
quantities of / a quantity of 与 amount of / a amount of 既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词，修饰主语时，谓语动词按照 quantity 和 amount 的单复数而定。
Quantities of money are needed to equip the school. 学校安装设备需要很多钱。
A quantity of story books has been bought for the children. 为孩子们买了大量的故事书。
(8). 主为两个对应部分组成的整体，主语前有量词修饰如 a pair of/a suit of/a set of/a series of等，谓语动词依照量词的单复数形式来确定；若无则谓语动词为复数。
This pair of glasses is very expensive. 这副眼镜很贵。
My blue trousers have worn out. 我那条蓝色的裤子已经穿破了。
The two pairs of scissors are made in Hangzhou. 这两把剪刀是杭州制造的。
Two pieces of good news have been published in today’s evening paper. 今天的晚报报道了两则好消息。
特殊量词如 pile/mountain/row/mass/cup/basket/box/parcel 等修饰主语时，谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。
