2014年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年北京航空航天大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文（本题共15分，每一题1分）。

1. appeal-focused text【答案】感染型文本2. class shift【答案】词类转换3. commission【答案】委托4. transeme【答案】译素5. restricted translation【答案】受限翻译6. low countries group【答案】低地国家学派7. minimax principle 【答案】最大最小原理8. translation universals 【答案】翻译普遍特征9. verbal consistence 【答案】词语一致10. concordance【答案】一致性11. calque【答案】仿造12. controlled language 【答案】受控语言13. prototype【答案】原型14. modification【答案】调整15. covert translation【答案】隐型翻译第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文（本题共15分，每一题1分）。

1. 自动翻译【答案】automatic translation2. 中枢语言【答案】pivot language3. 连贯【答案】coherence4. 子语言【答案】sub-language5. 可修正性【答案】correctability6. 形式对应【答案】formal correspondence7. 地道翻译【答案】idiomatic translation8. 规范【答案】norms9. 语料库【答案】corpora10. 异国情调【答案】exoticism11. 重写【答案】rewriting12. 法庭传译【答案】court interpreting13. 巴别塔【答案】Babel14. 内罗毕宣言【答案】Nairobi Declaration15. 释译【答案】paraphrase第三部分：英译汉（本题共60分，第一段25分，第2段15分，第三段20分）。

2014年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part A Terminology and phrase translationSection One:Translate the following translation-related terms into Chinese(15 points,1point each)1.WHO【答案】世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)2.IOC【答案】国际奥委会(International Olympic Committee)3.IPR【答案】知识产权(intellectual property rights)4.CPA【答案】注册会计师(Certified Public Accountant)5.CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index)6.OTC【答案】非处方药(over the counter)7.Skopos theory【答案】翻译目的论8.Poly system theory 【答案】多元系统论9.cultural pluralism 【答案】文化多元论10.Hermeneutic school 【答案】阐释学派11.catering industry 【答案】餐饮业12.balance sheet【答案】资产负债表13.deluxe suit【答案】豪华蜜月套系14.force majeure【答案】不可抗力15.opinion poll【答案】民意测验Section Two:Translate the following terms or phrases into English(15points,1 point each)1.第三产业【答案】tertiary industry2.母校【答案】Alma Mater3.京都协议书【答案】Kyoto Protocol4.国债【答案】national debt;government loan5.论语【答案】The Analects of Confucius十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书6.不良贷款【答案】non-performing loan7.软着陆【答案】soft landing8.不再生资源【答案】Non-renewable Resources9.秒杀【答案】flash sale10.学分【答案】academic credit11.国民待遇【答案】national treatment12.新华社【答案】the Xinhua News Agency13.保税区【答案】bonded area14.社会保障【答案】social security15.针灸【答案】AcupuncturePart B Translation between English and Chinese.(60points)Section A English to Chinese Translation(20points for each passage)Passage OneIt is usual to arrange for a delay of a few seconds between the release and the cutting-off of the current and the brake application;this gives the driver the opportunity of crossing quickly to the opposite side of his cab(驾驶室),as he may need to do momentarily for look-out purposes,without stopping his train by so doing.【参考译文】（驾驶火车的时候）通常在列车开口和切断当前运行系统、制动刹车系统之间会留出几秒的缓冲时间，这是让列车司机有机会迅速穿到驾驶室的另一边，因为他需要马上看一下目标物，这样就不用把火车停下来了。

北京外国语大学英语学院考研介绍一、英院导师介绍英语系陈辉陈兰芳陈亚平程静英戴宁董宜坤窦薇杜学增付美榕耿力平龚雁郭棲庆郭世英郭亚玲何其莘侯毅凌胡丹黄俊贾宁金莉金利民蓝纯李元李朝晖李建军李今朝李莉文李期铿李又文梁昊林岩刘波刘枫刘葵兰陆培敏马海良马丽媛梅仁毅潘志明邱枫邱瑾申昌英沈毅石同云宋颖宋云峰孙有中陶家俊滕继萌王文丽王小梅王小英王元陆王展鹏王镇平魏峥吴一安夏燕夏玉和谢韬谢登攀徐克容闫循华杨莉芳杨立民杨雪燕伊蕊易炎俞露张峰张剑张莲张春波张笑一张在新张中载赵冬钟美荪周炜周杜娟二、英院考研目录考研政治答题顺序及技巧在这最后的时间里，最重要的已经不再是你备考到深夜几点，而是一定要保持“头脑清醒、情绪平稳”，最后的一周，最好不要再熬夜复习了，而是要随着考试的时间把自己的生物钟调整好，保持平稳的心态，以利于在考试答题时达到最佳的精神状态。

同时，在考场上，除了将平时自己掌握的知识内容进行充分发挥外，答题过程中的一些小技巧也是不容忽视的，掌握了这些技巧，在加上平时的知识积累，可以让我们的最后的考试成绩达到推波助澜的作用。

考研辅导老师根据多年辅导经历，为大家总结了以下考场经验，供广大考生参考，希望对大家能起到指导作用。

一、答题顺序，掌握“按序做题、先易后难”的原则考研政治一共是三十八题，这三十八题的排列顺序基本上由易到难，分数也是由低分到高分：单项选择题每题1分，这部分考查的大多是记忆的内容；第二部分多项选择题每题2分，除了记忆的知识点，这部分还考查考生理解的能力；最后的分析题是10分每题，也是相对最难的一部分，可以说这部分是记忆、理解和应用能力的综合考查。

一般同学刚刚开始答题的时候进入不了高潮，没有到达“兴奋点”，因此要先做简单的，这三个题型中最简单的就是单项选择题，随着答题时间的推移，就会慢慢进入兴奋点，所以最好是按照题目本身的顺序来做。

但在这里也要说明，由于每个人的情况不同，所以考生也要依据个人的水平，总之就是先做自己有把握的试题。

2014年电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part One Vocabulary [60 min] (1×30=30 points)Section A English To Chinese [30 min]Translate the following English terms into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.1. FTZ (Free Trade Zone)【答案】自由贸易区2. ADIZ (Air Defense Identification Zone)【答案】防空识别区3. cost principle【答案】成本原则4. third-party custodians【答案】第三方托管5. foreign exchange reserve【答案】外汇储备6. blind date【答案】相亲7. departure gate 【答案】登机口8. Independence Day 【答案】独立日9. player of the year 【答案】年度最佳球员10. storm in a tea cup 【答案】大惊小怪11. smart phone 【答案】智能手机12. federal shutdown 【答案】联邦政府关闭13. World Heritage List【答案】世界遗产名录14. simultaneous interpreting【答案】同声传译15. cultural turn【答案】文化转向Section B Chinese to EnglishTranslate the following Chinese terms into English. Write your translation on Answer sheet.1. 信息共享平台【答案】information-sharing platform2. 核心竞争力【答案】core competitive power3. 春运【答案】Spring Festival travel rush4. 过境免签【答案】transit without visa5. 人才流失【答案】brain drain6. 合同违约【答案】breach of contract7. 退休金双轨制【答案】the dual system of pension8. 素质教育【答案】quality-oriented education9. 自主创业【答案】self-employed10. 申报个人财产【答案】declare/report personal assets11. 对口支援【答案】partner assistance12. 宜居城市【答案】livable city13. 律诗【答案】regulated verses14. 计算机辅助翻译【答案】computer-aided translation15. 音译【答案】transliterationPart Two Text (2x60=120 points)Section A English to ChineseTranslate the following English text into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer sheet.What is Poetry?Every truth which a human being can enunciate, every thought, even every outward impression, which can enter into his consciousness, may become poetry, when shown through any impassioned medium; when invested with the coloring of joy, or grief, or pity, or affection, or admiration, or reverence, or awe, or even hatredor terror; and, unless so colored, nothing, be it as interesting as it may, is poetry. Eloquence, as well as poetry, is impassioned truth; eloquence, as well as poetry, is thoughts colored by the feelings. A question will sometimes arise, whether some particular author is a poet; and those who maintain the negative commonly allow that, though not a poet, he is a highly eloquent writer.Poetry and eloquence are both alike the expression or utterance of feeling; but, if we may be excused the antithesis, we should say that eloquence is heard; poetry is overheard. Eloquence supposes an audience. The peculiarity of poetry appears to us to lie in the poet’s utter unconsciousness of a listener. Poetry is feeling confessing itself to itself in moments of solitude, and embodying itself in symbols which are the nearest possible representations of the feeling in the exact shape in which it exists in the poet s mind. Eloquence is feeling pouring itself out to other minds, courting their sympathy, or endeavoring to influence their belief, or move them to passion or to action.Poetry is the natural fruit of solitude and meditation; eloquence, of intercourse with the world. The persons who have most feeling of their own, if intellectual culture has given them a language in which to express it, have the highest faculty of poetry: those who best understand the feelings of others are the most eloquent. The persons and the nations who commonly excel in poetry are those whose character and tastes render them least dependent upon the applause or sympathy or concurrence of the world in general. Those to whom that applause, that sympathy, that concurrence, are most necessary, generally excel most in eloquence.。

2015年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points, 1 point each)1. Bogor Goals【答案】茂物目标2. FTAAP【答案】亚太自由贸易协定/区（全称：Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific）3. zero-sum game【答案】零和博弈4. ALS【答案】自动着陆系统（全称：Automatic Landing System）5. NASA【答案】美国航空航天局（全称：National Aeronautics and Space Administration）6. genomic variation【答案】基因组变异7. ozone depletion8. sinology【答案】汉学9. bitcoin【答案】比特币10. UNCED【答案】联合国环境与发展会议（全称：United Nations Conference on Environment and Development）11. paparazzi【答案】狗仔队12. amino acid【答案】氨基酸13. digital divide【答案】数字鸿沟14. existentialism15. silver-spoon kids【答案】富二代II. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points, 1 point each) 1. 十八届四中全会【答案】the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee2. 亚太经合组织【答案】APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation3. 互联互通【答案】interconnection and interworking4. 量化宽松政策【答案】quantitative easing policy5. 公使衔参赞【答案】minister-counselor6. 埃博拉病毒7. 自闭症【答案】Autism8. 防空识别区【答案】ADIZ: Air Defense Identification Zone9. 负面清单【答案】Negative List10. 房产税【答案】housing property tax11. 专利技术【答案】patented technology12. 和而不同【答案】harmony in diversity13. 地沟油【答案】swill-cooked dirty oil14. 真人秀【答案】reality show15. 逆袭【答案】counteroffensiveIII. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 points)The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. After 50 years of diligent and sophisticated work by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the “actual landscape” of the world’s resources is still “slipping two steps backward for each forward stride”?Part of the explanation for that disappointing result can be found in the statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio+20-related World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matters of substantive doctrine and legal procedure. Recommitment to enhancing “law” in this narrow sense—a body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcement —certainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But theongoing ecological deterioration is traceable in large part to pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic “development” that steadily intensifies humanappropriation of planetary resources.To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environmental law needs a more expansive society-based conception of “law,” one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagination of their mission, to hone and use their persuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effective stewardship of resources.【参考译文】1992年的里约会议标志着环境法达到了最高水平。

北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 357 试题名称：英语翻译基础（共 3 页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

============================================================================================================= 一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)GNP (Gross National Product)Gini coefficientcarbon taxresource recyclingquantitative easinggenetically modified foodurbanization ratio核心竞争力资源配置绿色增长可燃冰社交网络雾霾碳交易二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）In 1992, Deng underscored the need to follow through on the “modernisation” course that he initiated in the 1980s and he emphasised the need for the economy to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented. These policies, pursued by Deng’s successors, spurred extraordinary overall economic growth including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of millions of Chinese.Now, however, Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP growth has ended. They are building Communist Party support—and this is why the forthcoming plenary session is important—for rapid action on an economic agenda that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of between 7 and 7.5 per cent. 三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）Seven years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a “liveable” one by 2020, with “fresh air and a beautiful environment”. Few praise its progress. Complaints abound about its congestion, pollution, desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing. Even in the state-controlled media, suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital.Beijing has been Ch ina’s capital for most of the past 600 years. Since the Communist victory in 1949, the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China’s power, the party’s might and their country’s glorious history. To propose a move strikes many as heretical. In recent years, however, some have broken ranks. In 2000 even China’s then Prime Minister, Zhu Rongji, joined the sceptics. The capital, he declared, might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities. But other problems have grown. Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word “shoudu”, meaning capital, in a different tone so that it sounds like “the most congested”. For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city. The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade. The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested, in newspapers as well as online, that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded. Their privileges, common to all those registered as Beijing citizens (ie, not migrants from other provinces), include readier access than most other Chinese have to some of the country’s best educational and medical facilities. Some local officials in places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits. But given the allure of Beijing’samenities, it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.四、将下列段落译为英语（25分）今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。

2014年北京外国语大学英语学院812英汉互译（笔译）真题及详解I. Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet. (50 points)If you’ve been attentive to the growing series of posts here under the banner of the American Futures project, you know that Deb and Jim Fallows have been examining small, resilient American cities that are home to intriguing innovations and entrepreneurship. A few days ago, as part of the project’s recent focus on Burlington, Vermont, I took a look at two of the three great colleges there. Now let’s look in on the third, Champlain College. You’ll see why this one fits the project’s ongoing “American ingenuity” theme.If you could design your ideal college from scratch, what would it look like? Mine would look something like the following. Students would acquire training that makes them immediately employable. They’d take courses in the liberal arts that would sharpen their skills in writing, analysis, and reasoning. And they’d graduate with some real-li fe knowledge, such as how to interview for a job. There’d be no tenure for faculty, but instructors would be made to feel they’re valued members of the enterprise. And administrators would constantly ask themselves “how can we prepare students for what the world needs of them?”While you’re busy designing your version of the ideal, I can take a nap or go fishing, because somebody has already built mine: Champlain College. It is doing everything I’ve described and, in the process, is gaining the attention of thehigher world. The words I’ve heard used to describe Champlain include innovative, nimble, adaptable. A professor from nearby St. Michael’s College told me, with unabashed admiration, “Champlain is always asking itself ‘What works’?”Founded in 1878 and long known as the Burlington Business College, Champlain assumed its current name in 1958, when it had only 60 students in various associate’s degree programs. Starting bachelor’s degree programs in 1991, the college now enrolls 2000 undergraduates—an enrollment cap it committed to several years ago in an agreement with the student-rich city of Burlington. When it launched its bachelor’s programs, this college long known for training secretaries and accountants, began to reinvent itself, earning respect for its enterprising spirit.The dominant ethos of Champlain—that “what works?” mentality—intensified when David Finney arrived from NYU in 2005 to become president. Finney quickly instituted what he calls a “three-dimensional education” program, an undergraduate curriculum consi sting of interdisciplinary liberal-arts courses, a life-skills program, and training for a career.Believing that “American higher education has really lost its way with general-education courses,” Finney told me that when he arrived in his new job, he dec ided to spend all of his “honeymoon capital” as new president to replace the “hodge-podge of courses” that formed the liberal-arts core. He assembled a faculty task force to design a revised core aiming to build habits of mind students will need “not just as they’re leaving here,” Finney says, “but over theirlifetime.”A painstaking process of reinvention led to new core courses designed to help students develop global awareness and strengthen their analytical and reasoning abilities, critical reading skills, and writing proficiency. These courses have no tests. The work is heavily oriented toward writing. Classes consist mainly of discussion and project teamwork rather than lectures. Students and faculty are active learners together.A second component of Champlain’s undergraduate education comes through its required “Life Experience and Action Dimension” program, which has two parts: (1) some real-world education, emphasizing financial literacy and sophistication (developing a budget, making sense of credit cards, understanding how employee benefits work and why they’re important, etc.) and job skills (marketing oneself, negotiating business contracts, and developing skills in interviewing, networking, etc.); and (2) a community-service element that puts st udents to work helping Burlington’s needy and simultaneously broadening cultural awareness and a sense of engaged citizenship. (from “What Would an Ideal College Look Like? A Lot Like This”)【参考译文】如果你一直在关注以“美国未来”计划为旗号的一系列跟帖，你应该会知道，得布和吉姆·法洛斯正在美国寻找适应力强的小城市，它们要能够孕育有趣的创新发明。

北京外国语大学英语基础测试（技能）考研真题及详解（2013～2014）北京外国语大学2014年英语基础测试（技能）考研真题Part I GRAMMAR(30Points)Correct ErrorsThe passage contains ten errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,copy the wrong word to your answer sheet and write the correct one after it.For a missing word,write∧on the answer sheet followed by the word after the missing word,and then write the word which you believe is missing.For an unnecessary word,copy the unnecessary word to your answer sheet and cross it with a slash/.In Hardy's fiction and poetry，letters are ready sources of excitement and suspense，harbingers of loss and disappointment．They go missing，fall to1.______ the wrong hands，or arrive too lately．Most famously，Tess's letter of 2.______ confession，hastily pushed not just under the door but under the carpet too，remains unread by the priggish Angel Clare，as Hardy delivers his mostpowerful attack of the Victorian sexual double standard． 3.______ Hardy's own letters were places for quite reflection and deepening 4.______ emotional ties，for occasional advice，details to visitors of the times of theWaterloo trains，and for public protests towards the iniquity of war 5.______ and against cruelty to animals．They ensured regular contact with their 6.______ friends and the publishing world，contained correctives to readings ofhis work．More than any other form，letters make insight into Hardy's7.______ many—sidedness．Writing in1907to the poet Elspeth Grahame，he expressed admiration，and not little surprise，that she had written8.______ verses on the top of an omnibus．Commiserating with one of his American admirers，Rebekah Owen，for having to get in a plumber，he suggestedthat she took up plumbing herself．Such solid practical advice exists9.______ alongside Hardy the natural modernist，wrote to tell Arthur Symons that10.______ he liked his poem“Haschisch”(the world is“the phantom of a haschisch dream”)，discussing timeless reality and the nature of matter at the drop ofa hat．【答案与解析】1.to→into(fall into固定词组，意思为“陷入、落入”。

2011年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解I. Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points, 1 point each):1. APEC【答案】亚太经济合作组织2. PPI【答案】生产者价格指数3. POS machines【答案】电子收款机4. chartered plane【答案】专机5. makeshift hospital【答案】临时医院6. down-payment requirement【答案】首付款7. bailout money【答案】救助资金8. domestic abuse【答案】家庭暴力9. home appliances【答案】家电10. quantitative easing 【答案】定量宽松11. Big Bang【答案】宇宙大爆炸12. House of Commons 【答案】下议院13. Cantonese Opera 【答案】粤剧14. product placement ads 【答案】产品置入广告15. deposit reserve requirement ratio【答案】存款准备金率II. Translate the following terms into English (15 points, 1 point each): 1. 经济刺激方案【答案】Economic Stimulus Package2. 包容性增长【答案】inclusive growth3. 落地签证【答案】on-site visa4. 黑帮【答案】the Mafia5. 二房东【答案】Sub-landlord6. 紧凑型轿车【答案】Compact cars7. 潜规则【答案】hidden rule8. 留守儿童【答案】stay-at-home children9. 良性循环【答案】virtuous cycle10. 无党派人士【答案】non-party personage11. 下半旗致哀【答案】Half-mast12. 玩忽职守【答案】dereliction of duty13. 拆迁费【答案】relocation compensation14. 贫富两极分化【答案】polarization between the rich and the poor15. 厨房重地，闲人免进【答案】The kitchen, staff onlyIII. Translate the following passages into Chinese (60 points):1. The Dead Sea, shared by Israel and Jordan, is the lowest spot on Earth. Its shoreline is about 400 meters below sea level. As the world’s saltiest large body of water, averaging a salt content 6 times higher than that of any ocean, the Dead Sea supports no life. With no outlet, the water that flows into the Dead Sea evaporates in the hot, arid air, leaving the minerals. The Jordan River is the chief source of the incoming water, but since the 1960s much of its water has been diverted for irrigation. Its length has already shrunk by more than a third, and, while the sea will never entirely disappear due to evaporation slowing down as surface area decreases and saltiness increases, the Dead Sea as we know it could become a thing of the past.【参考译文】位于以色列和约旦边境的死海是地球上的海拔最低点。