Unit 15 Roots About “Country”, “City”“Moving”,“Dwelling” and “Staying”Lecture 2Roots About“Moving”1. W arming-up 课程准备The unit begins with Christmas holiday in rural area and talks about rural and urban areas. Amanda’s friends were teachers in rural high school and invited her to spend Christmas at a log cabin that’s full of rustic color. It centers on human migration and living place. The three lectures in this unit dwell on the roots respectively related to the meanings country, city, moving and dwelling.The second lecture starts with the topic of human migration. It focuses on the root “migr” and “mob”, which means“moving”.2. W ords to W atch 词汇锦囊Root “migr” and the words: migrate, emigrate, immigrate1) migrate迁移, 移居e.g. How do birds know when to migrate, and how do they find their way back home?derivative: migrant2) emigrate移居国外e.g. He emigrated to Canada as a young man.derivative: emigrant3) immigrate移入; 移民e.g. His father and mother immigrated when he was only three.derivative: immigran tRoot “mob” and the words: mobility, mobilize4) mobilize动员e.g. I wonder whether the organization has mobilized public opinion on such acontroversial issue.调动，动用(资源)e.g. Big businesses want to mobilize the resources all over the world.derivatives: mobilization, demobilize, demobilization5) mobility易动性, 变动性,e.g. Mary has limited mobility in her legs.3. Cultural Notes 文化采撷1)Human MigrationHuman migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently in the new location. The movement is often over long distances and from one country to another, but internal migration is also possible; indeed, this is the dominant form globally. Migration may be individuals, family units or in large groups.The main reason for labor migration is wage difference between two geographic locations. These wage differences are usually linked to geographic labor demand and supply. It can be said that areas with a shortage of labor but an excess of capital havea high relative wage while areas with a high labor supply and a dearth of capital have a low relative wage. Labor tends to flow from low-wage areas to high-wage areas. Often, with this flow of labor comes changes in the sending as well as the receiving country. Neoclassical economic theory is best used to describe transnational migration, because it is not confined by international immigration laws and similar governmental regulations. (https:///wiki/Human_migration)2) Immigration and Farm Labor: From Unauthorized to H-2A for Some?Although immigrant workers have long been employed on U.S. farms, shifting migration patterns and employer labor strategies are reshaping the agricultural workforce. Migration from Mexico to the United States has slowed with the the 2008–09 recession, improving conditions in rural Mexico, and stepped-up border enforcement.With fewer new arrivals, the agricultural workforce is aging, settling down, and forming or reuniting families, as this analysis of data from the U.S. Department of Labor’s National Agricultural Worker Survey (NAWS) shows. Between 2000 and 2014, the unauthorized share of workers declined from 55 percent to 47 percent.With the supply of newcomers seeking work on U.S. farms less certain than in the past, farm employers are adjusting how they recruit and retain workers, the author writes. Some have introduced incentives to satisfy current workers and mechanical aids to stretch their productivity, while others have sought to substitute machines for workers or to supplement them with H-2A guest workers. Temporary workers brought in on H-2A visas make up a small but rapidly growing share of the farm workforce and, should this trend continue, have the potential to significantly affect U.S.-born and other foreign-born workers alike.(/research/immigration-and-farm-labor-unauthorized-h -2a-some)4. Critical-Thinking Questions 思辨问题Do you want to immigrate to America? Why/Why not?。
