unit 2 听力原文和答案

新世纪大学英语视听说教程 2 的 listening 原文及答案Unit One, Book 2Listening 2 Just a few old keepsakesBoy: Hey, Grandma, what ’ s in this box?Grandma: Oh, nothing really⋯ Just a few old keepsakes.B: Keepsakes?G: Young man, you know what a keepsake is!B: No, I don ’ t. I really don’ t.G: Well, it’ s something you keep. It’ s something that gives you a lot of memories.B: Oh. What’ s this?G: Now don ’ t go just digging around in there! ... Hmmm, let’ s see ⋯ . that ’ s my fir diary.B: Can I ⋯ .?G: No, you can ’ t read it! It nal!’Iwrotespersoabout my first boyfriend in there. Hebecame your grandfather!B: Oh, ok ⋯ . Well then, what’ s that? It has your picture in it.G:That ’ s my passportou.Ycan see, I traveled to Europe by ship.B:What ’ s that big book?G:My yearbook. It’ s ghmyschoolhi book of memories.B: Class of 1961! Boy, that’ s old!G: That ’ s about enough out of you, young man. I think it’ s time we put this box away and⋯男孩 : 嘿,奶奶 ,这个盒子里是什么?奶奶 : 哦 ,没什么⋯几个旧的纪念品。

Unit 2 Deep Concern参考答案Part I Writing (15%)Students’Rating of Their TeachersNowadays, it is common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers and for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system. They hold that since students attend the teachers’classes every day, they should have their opinion about their teachers’ effectiveness. Others, on the contrary, are strongly against it. They believe that there is much more to teaching than what is shown on students’ rating forms. Students should not be expected to judge whether the materials they use are up to date or how well the teacher knows about the subject. These judgments require professional knowledge, which is best left for the teachers’ colleagues.I think students’ rating of their teachers is necessary, but it should be conducted in a way that can really shed meaningful light on teachers’performance. In stead of rating the teachers’knowledge on the subject, students should be asked to estimate what they have learned in a course, and to report on such things as a teacher’s ability to communicate with students, his or her relationship with students, and his or her ability to arouse students’interest in the subject. Part II. Listening Comprehension （35%）Section A: 1~8: BBCAA DDBConversation One: 9~11: AADConversation Two: 12~15: BAABSection B: Passage One: 16~18: ABCPassage Two: 19~22: ABDCPassage Three: 23 ~25: ADCSection C: 26. folks 27. physical 28. surprisingly 29. show up30. Tree-felling 31. Unemployment 32. services 33. not only34. earn 35.according toPart III. Reading Comprehension （35%）Section A: 36~45: KDMJI L BCAFSection B: 46~55: BCDDE FGFKMSection C: Passage One: 56~60: ADDCBPassage Two: 61~65: DAADBPart IV Translation (15%)Macao, a shining pearl on the coast of South China, attracts the world’s attention for her charm, historical sufferings and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999. Ever since the ancient times, Macao has been the territory of China. The Chinese people have been living and working there for generations. Early in the 1980s, Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of the great figures of the century, put forward the bold concept of “One Country, Two Systems”. On July 1,1997, the People’s Republic of China resumed her sovereignty over Hong Kong. This year,Macao will completely get rid of the foreign regime and return to her motherland. This is another great historical event for the Chinese people, which symbolizes another big step for the Chinese people on their way towards the great goal of the country’s reunification. Macao’s future is sure to be even brighter.录音原文Section A1.M: Prof. Johnson seems so serious.W:But his lecture are quite humorous, aren’t they?Q: What dose the woman think of Prof. Johnson?2. W: Chuck, why is it that whenever I open my mailbox lately, I pull out letters addressed to you? M: Because until I find a new apartment, l’m having the post office forward my mail to your place.Q: What is happening to Chuck’s letters?3. M: They said the train won’t arrive until nine.W: Well, what that boils down to is yet another delay in our schedule.Q: What does the woman mean?4. M: If our director was willing to give us a three-day extension to finish the project, maybe he’llgive us a few more days.W: Let’s not push our luck(得寸进尺), ok?Q: What does the man mean?5. M: That’s an amazing sculpture, isn’t it?W: You can say that again.Q: What does the woman mean?6. M: Want to go for a long walk or a bike ride?W: You don’t want to study now, do you7Q: What does the woman mean?7. W: I borrowed Peter’s favorite pen; and now I’ve lost it.M: When he finds out, he will really raise the roof.Q: How will Peter react when he hears what the woman did?8. M: Harry seems to be in a bad mood today.W: He'!! snap out of it when he finishes his biology project this afternoon.Q: What does the woman imply about Harry?Conversation OneM: Lisa, what show are you watching?W:An old Japanese film. I figure if I’m going to spend all next year there, I’d better startfamiliarizing myself with the culture.M: You mean you are accepted into the program?W: Sure was.M: That’s wonderful. You must be excited.W: Excited and nervous. You know I owe a lot to Professor Kawada. He wrote a letter of recommendation for me and he bought me a set of practice tapes and a book that goes with them so I can work on my basic conversation skills.M: How much Japanese can you understand?W: Not a lot right now. But I signed up for intensive Japanese this semester.M: I wish I were as talented as you are in foreign languages. I’d love to study abroad.W: Then why don't you? The university has lots of overseas programs that don’t require mastery of a foreign language. The tuition is about the same. You just have to be the kind of person who is receptive to new ways of looking at things and willing to adapt to a different kind of life style.M: I had assumed that all programs require you to know a foreign language. I might check into this.W: You won’t regret it.9. Q:Why is the woman so excited?10. Q:Why does the woman feel grateful to Professor Kawada?11. Q:What does the woman say about what one needs to have in order to study in a program likehers?Conversation TwoM: It’s good to see you back. How was your trip to Arizona? Did you see the Grand Canyon? W: Yes, it was fantastic. Now I know why it is listed together with the Nile River as one of the great natural wonders of the world. Here, want to see the pictures I took?M: Oh, what a view! It is even bigger than I had imagined. I remember reading about the Grand Canyon and I think it said that it was formed suddenly when the earth’s crust was split open during an earthquake.W: Well, not that quickly. Look, here is the picture of the Colorado River. See way down at the bottom of the canyon, that river and its branches have been wearing the canyon floor away for ten million years.M: Then the canyon is the result of soil erosion. I’ll bet geologists have made some interesting discoveries there.W: Not only the geologists, archaeologists have found the bones of extinct animals in caves in the canyon walls. In a cave one hundred and forty feet above the river, they found driftwood that dates back as far as thirty seven thousand years.M:That means the river must have been a hundred and forty feet higher up when it carried the drift wood into the cave.W: It's very possible, but of course, who knows. The Grand Canyon is full of mysteries.Wouldn’t you like to go to Arizona some day?M: You bet I would.12. Q:Where has the woman been?13. Q:What type of scientific discoveries does the woman mainly talk about?14. Q:Where does the woman say the driftwood was found?15. Q:What would the man like to do some day?Section BPassage OneAs director of the Alumni Office, let me welcome you to this meeting, and thank you for your interest in our internship program. While it may seem odd to start planning now in September your four-week program next January, experience has shown that such advanced planning is essential. The purpose of the program is to give you undergraduates a chance to investigate career opportunities through work experience. Such short-term experience will be helpful in finding permanent employment after graduation. The program basically provides you with a full-time job without pay or academic credit for the month of January when the college is closed. Opportunities are available in a wide range of fields including publishing, public administration, health care and finance. The jobs are sponsored by alumni who are active in these fields. When you take on one of these jobs, the sponsor will define your tasks and supervise your work. The function of the Alumni Office is to bring you and the sponsors together. Based on your responses to a questionnaire that I'll hand out to you in a minute, we will match you with one or more sponsors. Now your most important responsibility is to write to the sponsors and apply for the internship. The career advisory service here on campus can help you prepare your letters. This task must be done before November. You are also responsible for making your own housing arrangements and paying your living expenses for the time you are involved in the program.16. Q:Who is the speaker?17. Q:Whom is the speaker addressing?18. Q:What's the function of the alumni in the program?Passage TwoGood evening. Welcome to “Travelogue Night”. Tonight our spotlight is on Santa Catalina Island, located 26 miles up the southern California coast. For years the island with its tiny resort town of Avalon, has been a haven for campers, fishers and swimmers. The island was discovered by a Portuguese explorer in 1542. During its history, Santa Catalina passed through the hands of many nations. In 1919, after a fire destroyed much of Avalon, chewing-gum magnate William Wrigley Jr. purchased the island with three million dollars. Wrigley bought the island primarily as the training camp for his baseball team, the Chicago Cubs. Soon, however, the millionaire became interested in developing Catalina further as a beautiful peaceful retreat with something for everyone. During the next ten years, hotels were constructed, the golf course enlarged, and even a special steamer the Catalina was built to carry 2,000 passengers. In 1928, Mr. Wrigley decided to build a huge dance hall called the Casino Ball Room. With the ball room dance craze sweeping the country then the casino became the favorite venue of big name band leaders. The most famous musicians and singers of the 1930s and 1940s played there for those who enjoyed dancing to their big band tunes. You can see for yourself what Catalina looks like as we turn down the lights now.19. Q:What is the main purpose of the talk?20. Q:Who was William Wrigley Jr.?21. Q: Initially, what was Wrigley's purpose of buying the island?22. Q:What kind of music was popular on Santa Catalina Island?Passage ThreeDid you ever have someone's name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it? When this happens again, do not try to recall it. Do something else for a couple of minutes, and the name may come into your head. The name is there since you have met this person and learned his name. It only has to be dug out. The initial effort to recall prepares the mind for operation, but it is the subconscious activities that go to work to dig up a dim memory. Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn't loosen your memory; it only tightens it. Students find the preparatory method helpful in the examinations. They read over the questions before trying to answer any of them. Then they answer first the ones of which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking place; work is being done on the more difficult questions. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers to the more difficult ones will usually begin to come into consciousness. It is often just a question of waiting for recall to come to the memory.23. Q:What's the passage about?24. Q:According to the passage, what kind of order do students usually follow when they answerquestions in exams?25. Q:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?Section CCareercast. com is out with its list of best and worst jobs of 2012. It’s bad news for the writer of this story, but much brighter for the (26)folks who program the code that keeps this website humming.Using a methodology that looked at (27)_physical demands, work environment, income, stress and hiring outlook, career website , ranked the top 200 jobs. They also ranked the jobs with the most stress. Not (28)surprisingly, none of the most stressful jobs (29)show up on the best jobs list.At the top is software engineer and at the bottom is the woodcutter. (30)Tree-felling. failed to skate above the bottom 10 percent in all ranking categories, excluding income.(31)Unemployment for woodcutters is very high, and the demand for their (32)services is expected to continue to fall through 2016. And while working outside all day may seem like a great job perk, being a woodcutter (33)not only is considered the worst job, but also one of the world's most dangerous.And, the salary that most dangerous job can expect to (34)earn is a little more than $32,000 a year. That’s about $56,000 less than the light job of a software engineer, which has the average salary of $88,000 a year, (35)according to Careercast.。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-2Unit 2 Wildlife ConservationPart Ⅰ Getting readygravely：严重species：物种extinct：灭种on the brink：在边缘can't afford to wait any more：不能再等待take action：采取行动abbreviations ：缩写acronyms：首字母缩略词IUCN -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature：世界自然保护联盟convention：会议;全体与会者;国际公约;惯例，习俗，规矩CITES -- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species：华盛顿公约，濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约conservation：保存;保护;避免浪费;对自然环境的保护UNEP -- United Nations Environmental Program：联合国环境规划署WWF -- World Wide Fund for Nature ：世界自然基金会regulate：调节;控制，管理promote the conservation：促进保护under the auspices of：在…的帮助或支持下;有…赞助的prohibit：禁止endangered species：濒危野生动植物种encourage partnerships in doing sth：鼓励伙伴partnership：伙伴关系;合伙人身份;合作关系;合营公司inspiring information：鼓舞人心的信息improve their quality of life：改善生活品质without compromising：不妥协enable sb to do sth：使……能raise funds for ：筹款giant panda：大熊猫a global network：全球网Gland：格兰德Switzerland：瑞士biological diversity：生物多样性ecosystem services：生态系统服务variety：种类a breathable atmosphere：洁净的（能够呼吸的）空气reduce in number ：数量减少role：任务negligible：以忽略的;微不足道的apes：猿whales：鲸seals：海豹marine turtles：海龟walrus：海象dolphins：海豚crocodiles：鳄鱼bludgeon：攻击;威胁，强迫campaign：运动sanctuaries：庇护所sea sanctuary：海洋保护区protected-nesting sites ：受保护的营巢区nesting site：营巢区;筑巢区;巢址pollute：污染ivory：象牙porpoise：动鼠海豚come into force：开始生效habitat：（动物的）栖息地，住处compromise：妥协roll off：辗轧;下降breed：繁殖public appeal：公众诉求;呼吁slaughter：屠宰（动物）;大屠杀make a donation：捐款Wild animals and wild plants and the wild places where they live are gravely threatened almost everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century; and many hundreds are now on the brink. We can't afford to wait any more. It is time that we take action.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. habitat: the natural home of a planet or animal2. species: a group of plants or animals of the same kind, which are alike in all important ways and can breed together3. bludgeon: hit with a heavy object4. census: a count of a total population5. logistics: the planning and implementation of the details of any operation6. degrade: bring down7. adversely: in the manner of going against, opposing8. refuge: a place that provides protection or shelter from danger9. aquatic: living in or on water10. mussel: a small sea animal living inside a black shell whose soft body can be eaten as food (淡菜)11. staple food: basic food or main food that one normally eats12. picky eater: someone who is very careful about choosing only what they like to eat13. shrink: to become or cause to become smaller in size14. case study: a detailed analytical study of a person or something with a view to making generalizationsB Listen to some abbreviations and acronyms of some organizations and some information about them. Fill in the blanks.Audioscript:1. IUCN -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature, is the organization established by the United Nations to promote the conservation of wildlife and habitats as part of the national policies of member states.2. CITES -- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. is an international agreement under the auspices of the IUCN with the aim of regulating trade in endangered species of animals and plants. The agreement came into force in 1975 and by 1991 had been signed by 110 states. It prohibits any trade in a category of 8,000 highly endangered species and controls trade in a further 30,000 species.3. UNEP -- United Nations Environmental Program, aims to provide leadershi p and encourage partnerships in caring for the environment by inspiring information and enabling nations and people to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.4. WWF -- World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), is an international organization established in 1961 to raise funds for conservation by public appeal. Projects include conservation of particular species, for example, the tiger and giant panda. With almost five million supporters distributed throughoutfive continents, WWF has a global network active in over 90 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland.Biological diversity provides us with a variety of special "ecosystem services", such as clean water, a breathable atmosphere and natural climate control. However, many kinds of wild animals have been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is negligible. Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals, and marine turtles are under particular pressure.C Listen to the conversation. Match column A, which is alist of the names of some endangered animals, with column B, which gives the information about those endangeredanimals. Then anwser the questions.Questions:1. What do people at the World Wildlife Fund work for according to the woman?They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife.2. What are they doing in order to protect those endangered animals? They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species. Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up.3. Can you guess the meaning of "sea sanctuaries"?It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freely.Audioscript:A: Hello, I'm calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.B: The what?A: The World Wildlife Fund. If you've got a few minutes I'd like to tell you what that means.B: Oh, all right.A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife. The seas, for example, have become polluted by the industrialized world; whales are being hunted to extinction;turtles are rolled off their eggs when they come ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil...B: Oh.A: Crocodiles are killed to make handbags and shoes; walruses are hunted for their ivory.B: I see.A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise.B: Really.A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.B: Very interesting.A: Aided by our campaign, protected nesting sites for turtles have already been set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if you'd like to make a donation?Part II Christmas bird countsbe deemed：（被）认为，视为，断定fortunes ：命运critically：危急;严重perilous：危险的，冒险的at risk of ：有……危险imminent extinction：即将灭绝lose a species：丧失一个物种residents：居民maintaining：保持sustain：维持;支撑;忍受quality：质量sustaining the quality of lives ：维持生活质量John James Audubon ：约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦，1785年4月26日-1851年1月27日)，美国画家、博物学家，他绘制的鸟类图鉴被称作“美国国宝”illustrate：说明；描绘；画插图in their natural habitats：自然居住地conservationist：自然资源保护者，生态环境保护者feather：羽毛，翎毛manufacture：制造sponsored by ：赞助;发起the National Audubon Society：全国奥杜邦（鸟类保护）协会Bermuda：百慕大群岛（北大西洋西部群岛）Pacific islands：太平洋岛屿volunteer：志愿者bird count：鸟类的清点experienced：有经验的bird watcher：野鸟观察者，鸟类观察家diameter：直径observe：观察actually ：实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎longest-running：播放时间最长的census：人口普查，统计;人口财产调查ornithology：鸟类学;鸟学scheduled：排定，进度表logistics：组织工作ideal：理想；目标virtually：实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎identify ：识别，认出Panama：巴拿马esthetic value：审美价值indicator：指示器habitat alteration：栖息地变更signal：信号，暗号;预兆，征象degrade：降低，贬低;使降级degradation：退化;堕落;降级adversely：反对;不利地;有害地annual：每年Christmas bird counts：对诞（岛）数鸟decline：下降One in eight of the world's bird species is deemed globally threatened and the fortunes of 198 critically endangered species are now so perilous that they are at risk of imminent extinction. Many people feel that every time we lose a species, the world becomes a poorer place. The more successful we are at maintaining or improving the living conditions of the Earth'smany residents, the better our chances will be of sustaining the quality of all species' lives on Earth.A Listen to a news report. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column according to the following cues. While listening for the second time, supply the missing information.Event: Christmas bird countsTime: from Christmas to Jan. 3rdSponsored by: the National Audubon SocietyParticipants:Numbers:more than 40,000 volunteersBackground: from all 50 states of the U.S., every Canadianprovince, parts of Central and SouthAmerica', Bermuda, the West Indiesand Pacific islandsNumber of bird counts this year: more than 1 600 separate bird countsThe logistics of bird counts: Each individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point.Origin of the National Audubon Society: It was named after an American artist John James Audubon, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society was founded in the late1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds.B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report. Complete the summary of this year's Christmas bird counts.Christmas bird counts will start from Christmas to January 3rd., sponsored by the National Audubon Society. This year more than 40 000 volunteers from the U.S., Canada, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands will be outside counting birds. The counts are not only for experienced bird watchers but anyone that is interested or concerned as well.This year more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. Every individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point. Bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on t he number of birds they actually see.The traditional Christmas bird count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.Audioscript:John James Audubon was an American artist in the early 1800s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manufacture of women's hats.Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, more than 40 000 volunteers will be outside counting birds from today until January3rd. Volunteers from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands have begun to count and record every individual bird and bird species observed during the two and one half week period of the count.Jeffrey LeBaron is the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.This year, according to Mr. LeBaron , more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10people taking part, others with hundreds. The logistics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple."Each individual count is in a circle. It's a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And it's always the exactly same area that's done every year, usually, even on the same weekend during the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this census: every single individual bird within that circle on the count day."Mr. LeBaron says experienced bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see. The editor points out, however, that the counts are not only for experienced bird watchers."Anybody that is interested or concerned can become involved. Beginners will go out in a party with experienced individuals who know both the area and the birds in the area, in the field where more eyes and ears are better. And then anybody can point out a bird, and someone in the field will always be able to identify the bird."C Now listen to what Mr. Lebaron says about the information concerning birds. Complete the outline.OutlineI. Total number of known species -- about 9 300II. HabitatA. Larger numbers living in the warmer climatese.g. more than 300 different species counted in PanamaB. far fewer species native to colder climatesIII. ValueA. importance to the environment1. indicator of the quality of environment2. sensitive to habitat alterationB. esthetic value1. getting pleasure out of looking at birds andlistening to birds2. mental quality of life degraded without birds IV. Birds' populationA. some species -- decliningB. many types -- increasingAudioscript:Mr. LeBaron says there are about 9 300 different known species of birds. Larger numbers of them live in the warmer climates. For example, more than 300 different species have been counted in Panama, while far fewer species are native to colder climates. Aside from their esthetic value, Mr. LeBaron says birds are important to the environment because they can signal changes in it."Birds are one of the best indicators that we have of the quality of the environment within the given area. Whether it is a relatively local area, or even primarily on the worldwide bases, they are one of the first things to be altered. They are quite sensitive to a habitat alteration or to other threats. And often times when birds are disappearing out of the area, it just means there is a degradation of the quality of the habitat within that area which will adversely affect everything in there including humans."National Audubon Society editor Jeffrey LeBaron calls the world's bird populations a source of wealth that humans must protect. "People get so much pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds. And if they start disappearing just the er, the quality of life,um, may be not physically, but the mental quality of life can be degraded quickly."Jeffrey LeBaron says that while the National Audubon Society's annual Christmas bird counts show a decline in some species, many types of birds are actually increasing their populations.Part III Dolphin captivityin captivity：养在笼子（或池子，等）里；囚禁announcer：播音员thesis statements：文意，简述论文，论文主题Colorado Public Radio：科罗拉多州公共广播电台aquatic park：水上公园Denver：丹佛（美国科罗拉多州）ire：愤怒dolphin ：海豚instigate：教唆;煽动;激起a former navy dolphin trainer ：前海军海豚训练员Florida：佛罗里达州ranges：范围family-oriented：面向家庭的；群居的concrete tank：混凝土水箱，混凝土油罐，混凝土贮水池sonar：声呐装置bounce off：试探（某人对某一新设想和意见），大发议论ocean explorer：海洋探险家reject：拒绝;抛弃suicidal：自杀的，自杀性的;自我毁灭的，自取灭亡的;于己不利pool ：池子a very sophisticated brain：发达的大脑sophisticated：复杂的;精致的;富有经验的;深奥微妙的Portland：波特兰(俄勒冈州)Oregon.：俄勒冈州captive dolphins ：被捕的海豚Sarasota Bay：萨拉索塔湾（佛罗里达州）Florida：佛罗里达州the census data ：统计数据distribution：分配，分布debate：讨论;辩论;争论marine mammal：海洋哺乳动物organisms：有机体;生物operate：操作，运行metabolically：代谢的anti-educational：对抗教育，反教育，逆教育natural behavior ：自然行为alter：改变;更改stranded：处于困境的beach：海滩fractured ribs or jaws：头骨、肋骨、下颌骨骨折pros：同意，支持cons：反对We have learned a great deal by observing the animals kept in the zoo. However, wildlife is wild. Do you think we are protecting them or making them suffer by keeping them in captivity?A The following words are used in the news interview. Listen to the words first. Study the definitions carefully.1. ire: anger2. instigate: provoke to some action3. sonar: a method for finding and locating objects under water by means of the sound waves they reflect or produce4. bounce (off): (sound or light) reach the surface and is reflected back5. marine: of, near or living in the sea6. breed: produce offspring7. metabolically: pertaining to what is needed to function8. alter: change9. stranded: left abandonedB Listen to the news interview. There are five persons in it.Match column A with column B to indicate who's who.Then write out the thesis statements they are arguing about.Thesis Statement No. 1:Dolphins should be kept in captivity.Thesis Statement No. 2:There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.C Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of theinterview. Write out each person's pros (agree with thethesis) or cons (disagree with the thesis) for each thesisstatement in note form.Audioscript:[Alan Tu is an announcer for Colorado Public Radio; Peter Jones is a reporter for Colorado Public Radio. The other speakers are identified in the report.]A: A planned aquatic park in Denver is raising the ire of animal rights activists who object to a proposal to include a captivedolphin display. Although officials for Colorado's OceanJourneys say they have yet to make a final decision on the issue, local and national activists have already instigated a "NoDolphins in Denver" campaign. As Colorado Public Radio'sPeter Jones reports, the battle lines have been clearly drawn. P:Rick Troud, a former navy dolphin trainer based in Florida, is taking an active role in the "No Dolphins" campaign.R:Average age in the wild ranges anywhere in some of the studies between 30 and 40 years of age. In captivity, you can expect adolphin to live maybe 5.13 years, and every 7 years in captivity the dolphin population is dead.P:According to Troud, there are many reasons why dolphins can't live full lives in captivity.R:If you take a look at where the real dolphin is in the real ocean, you find the dolphin who swims 40 miles a day, is veryfamily-oriented. These animals are separated from theirmothers; that's a stress. You put them in a concrete tank where their sonar bounces off the walls, they can't swim in the sameamount of time and direction that they can in the wild.P:Environmentalist and ocean explorer, Jean Michel Cousteau:J: There are some animals which reject captivity right away, and they're very suicidal. I've had one of those in my own arms for many days. The next morning when I came to take care of him, he was dead. And what he'd done was to swim as fast as hecould from one end of the pool on ... to the other side anddestroyed his head by hitting the wall. They have a verysophisticated brain. I don't think we have any rights to playwith the lives of these animals.P:Cousteau's anti-captivity position is challenged by Dr. Deborah Duffield, a biology professor at Portland State College inOregon. Her 1990 study compared captive dolphins to the wild population of Sarasota Bay, Florida. Among other findings, the study showed little if any difference in the average age of death.And Duffield says life is generally getting better for captivedolphins.D: The census data say that every time I do a census, I've got older and older animals in it as well as this normal age distribution that we've been looking at. So my feeling is that the trend incaptivity has been that the group of animals that we'refollowing are getting older, and if they continue to do that over the next five years, they will then indeed be older than the wild population.P:There is also a debate over the educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity. According to Duffield, captive dolphins play an important role in our basic understanding of the animals.D: I firmly believe that we cannot learn anything about organisms that we share this world with if we do not understand how they live in an environment, and what they do, and that watchingthem go by in the wild will not do it. I cannot tell what ananimal needs, unless I know how it operates, how it breeds,what it needs metabolically, and I can't learn that from animals in the wild.P:But Troud says the dolphin displays are anti-educational because the animals' natural behavior patterns are altered by captivity.R:In the wild, you don't have dolphins who beat each other to death.There are no dolphins that I've ever seen stranded on the beach, who are suffering from fractured skulls, fractured ribs orfractured jaws, as is the case in captivity.P:The Ocean Journey board will take all factors into consideration before making a final decision on whether to include dolphinsin the park. For Colorado Public Radio, I'm Peter Jones.Part IV More about the topic:Wildlife in dangera profound effect：深远的影响ecosystems：生态系统upsetting：倾复unclear：不清楚adapt enough to：适应得够adapt to：使适应于，能应付survive：活命mountain：山forest：林giant panda：大熊猫roughly：大约bamboo：竹子staple food：主食Michigan State University：密歇根州立大学a dramatic impact：巨大影响the long-term solution：长期的解决方案long-term：长期的;长远heat-resistant：耐热的，抗热的notoriously：恶名昭彰地;声名狼藉地picky eater：好挑食shrink：收缩，皱缩;（使）缩水;退缩，畏缩shrinking fish：水温高鱼变小consequence：结果metabolic：新陈代谢的metabolic rates：代谢率oxygen：氧气stay alive：活着predict：预言，预测kill off：消灭，一个接一个地杀死projection：预测;规划，设计relatively：关系上地;相对地;比较calculate：计算;估计;打算，计划;旨在case study：个案研究;专题;研究实例;范例分析unexpectedly：未料到地，意外地;竟;居然;骤然North Atlantic cod：北大西洋鳕鱼underestimate：低估haddock：小口鳕，黑线鳕Climate change is having a profound effect on ecosystems around the world, upsetting and altering the lives of numerous species of animals. As temperatures continue to rise, it's unclear whether all species will be able to adapt enough to survive, especially as other species in their ecosystems adapt by getting smaller or larger.A In the following report, you will learn some facts about the giant panda, an endangered species in China. Listen carefully and supply the missing information.There are roughly 1 600 pandas living in the wild, mainly in the mountain forests of western China. Bamboo is their staple food. And they eat up to 38 kg a day. But some species of the plant take many years to grow, which means they don't adapt to climate change. Scientists are now predicting that an increasing temperature of even 2°C will kill off the species the pandas need to survive. One of the study's authors is Professor Jack Lu of Michigan State University."Even by the middle of the century, this century, the impact will be very obvious. And by the end of the century, in many areas, 100 percent of this bamboo will be gone. And that's really a dramatic impact that people have not realized". Reducing global warming is the long-term solution and creating new panda habitats is another. It may also be possible to introduce new species of bamboo that are heat-resistant. But unfortunately, pandas are notoriously picky eaters and may reject even a slight change to their diet. Audioscript:There are roughly 1 600 pandas living in the wild, mainly in the mountain forests of western China. Bamboo is their staple food. And they eat up to 38 kg a day. But some species of the plant take many years to grow, which means they don't adapt to climate change. Scientists are now predicting that an increasing temperature of even 2°C will kill off the species the pandas need to survive. One of the study's authors is Professor Jack Lu of Michigan State University. "Even by the middle of the century, this century, the impact will be very obvious. And by the end of the century, in many areas, 100 percent of this bamboo will be gone. And that's really a dramatic impact that people haven not realized". Reducing global warming is the long-term solution and creating new panda habitats is another. Itmay also be possible to introduce new species of bamboo that are heat-resistant. But unfortunately, pandas are notoriously picky eaters and may reject even a slight change to their diet.B The following report is about shrinking fish found in thesea as a consequence of global warming. While listening for the first time, note down as many key words as you can inthe left-hand column. After the second listening, fill in thegaps in the summary in the right-hand column with the help of the notes.Audioscript:Although projections of global temperature rises show relatively small changes at the bottom of the oceans, the resulting impacts on fish body size are "unexpectedly large", according to this research. As ocean temperatures increase, so do the body temperatures and metabolic rates of the fish. This means they use more oxygen to stay alive and, according to the researchers, they have less avalilable for growth.They've calculated that up to 2050, fish will shrink in size by between 14 and 24 percent, with the Indian and Atlantic Oceans worst affected. The warming waters are also likely to drive fish more towards the poles, leading to smaller species living in areas like the North Sea.According to the scientists, their models may underestimate the potential impacts. When they looked at case studies involving North Atlantic cod and haddock, they found that recorded data on these fish showed greater decreases in actual body size than the models predicted.Part V Do you know ...?catalog：目录，目录册，目录簿inhabit v.：居住the planet：这个行星（地球）estimate：估计，预测;报价，exceeding：胜过in the form of parks：在公园的形式下wildlife refuge：野生动物保护区reserve：保护区，保存，储备aquatic animal：水生动物crayfish：淡水螯虾（肉）;龙虾mussel：贻贝，蚌类;淡菜In general, an endangered species is one that's in immediate danger of becoming extinct. Its numbers are usually low, and it needs protection in order to survive.Listen to some facts about endangered species. Pay special attention to the numbers.Audioscript:● Scientists hav e cataloged more than one and one-half million ofthe species that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least 20 times that many species inhabit the planet.● Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimatethat the total number of species lost each year may climb to40,000 by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years.● Around the world more than 3 500 protected areas exist in theform of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about 2 million square miles (5 million square km, or 3% of our total land area).● Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States areclassified as endangered. More than 1,000 animal species areendangered worldwide.● Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America,a third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish speciesand nearly three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble. Part VI Reminder of key points inthis unitPart VII Watch and enjoyYou're going to watch a video clip taken from Saving Species, a program by National Geographic Society. Watch carefully and decide whether the following statements are True or False. Write "T" or "F" for each statement.endangered species.creatures.plants and animals in immediate danger of extinction.endangered species in the America.of a biological catastohpe.depend utterly on other creatures for our very survival and therefore they're our companions in the biosphere.Videoscript::The first Europeans on this continent had a common enemy to conquer. It was called nature. America seemed to be an endless expanse of hostile wilderness. Bison wandered along the Potomac. Grizzly bears strolled the beaches of California. Human beings did not even know it was possible for a species to go extinct, but we。

II. Listening SkillsIdentifying Numbers1.M: The stadium looks pretty big. How many people does it seat?W: It holds around 20,000. They say more than 18,000 Tickets have been sold.Q: How many tickets are left now?2.W: I was planning on signing up for the swimming class. Bit I heard it’s full.M: Really? That’s strange. There were nine swimming classes last semester, and this semester there are five more.Q: How many swimming classes are there this semester/3.W: How far do you jog every day? 5 kilometers?M: No, about 15km. I have to run that far to stay in good people.Q: How far does the man run each day?4. M: How many people will come to your home to watch the World Cup Final? Want me tobring anything?W: Probably like 15 or 20. I’ve got most things covered. Maybe just bring a six-pack or something else to drink.Q: About how many people will come to watch the World Cup Final?5.W: How many people do you think will enter for the City Marathon?M: I’m not sure. It was 250 last year. But someone told me the number is likely to double this tear.Q: How many people are likely to enter for this year’s City Marathon?1.D2.A3.C4.B5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: Yao MingI first saw Yao Ming back in 1997. Nike had just signed a contract to sponsor the Shanghai Sharks. We had a little party to introduce ourselves and get to know the players. A few of us were there when the team walked in. They looked normal, most about 6’4’’ or so. Then, a thin, baby-faced guy about 7’5’’ came in. We were all surprised at seeing him. We couldn’t believe his size. And when he started hitting three-pointers, we were really blown away! Our guys in the U’S’ didn’t believe that there was a Chinese kid that tall. To convince them, we had to bring him to a Nike camp in Paris that summer. Yao had always played against kids who were older than him. This was the first time he was competing with players his own age. Del Harris, then the Lakers coach, was at the camp. He fell in love with Yao Ming. He was telling everybody, “I got to have a picture with that kid. One day he’s going to have a real impact on the NBA.”1.D2.B3.C4.D5.ATask 2: RonaldoRonaldo will become the first three-time winner of the FIFA World Player of the Year Award this Tuesday. Ronaldo played his early football with amateur clubs. By the time he was 16, he had signed his professional contract with a Brazilian club. He played very well, gaining a goal almost in each game. He was still only 17 when he went to seek his fortune in the European Leagues. At a Dutch club, Ronaldo got 30 goals on 33 matches. Back home, he was a member of the Brazilian team that won the World Cup in the U.S .In 1994.Although he did not get to play a single minute in that tournament, he was soon being described as the new Pele. He moved to Bracelona in 1996, and the next summer became a member of Inter Milan. He quickly became the hottest property in football, winning the FIFA World Player of the Year Award in 1996 and 1997. As he took the award in 1999 for the third time, there was no doubt that his name would live on in history.1.He played his early football with amateur clubs.2.He signed his professional contract with a Brazilian club.3.He went to Europe to seek his fortune in the European leagues.4.He was described as the new Pele.5.He won the award for three times: in 1996, 1997 and 1999.Task 3: Physical ExerciseMore and more people today are realizing the importance of regular physical exercise. Physical exercise can make you strong and healthy. By doing some form of physical exercise every day, your level of energy will increase and you will sleep better at night. There are many different forms of physical exercises that suit different tastes and needs of different people. Take track and field events, for example. Throwing the javelin can strengthen your arm and upper body. The long jump and high jump can strengthen your legs. Basketball, football and volleyball are also good forms of exercise. Be careful when choosing the right type of exercise for yourself. Id your heart is weak, for example, you should start with some light exercise. If you are overweight, know your limits. In a word, don’t overdo it.Healthy form energy better different tastes careful choosingTask 4: An AnnouncementOpen interested checkup apply PE Department exercise opportunityIV. Speaking OutAsking for and Giving DirectionsModel 1 Where’s…, please?Now Your TurnNew student: Excuse me.Where’s the gym, please?Lisa: You see that library building over there?New student: Yeah.Lisa: The gym is behind it.New student: Thank you very much.Lisa: Any time.Model 2 Sorry, I’m new here, too.Now Your TurnNew student: Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the tennis courts?Ashley: The tennis courts? Sorry, I don’t know. I’m new here, too.New student: OK, thanks anyway.(Then the new student asks James.)New student: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the tennis courts are?James: See the Student Activities Center over there? They’re in front of it.New student: Thanks a lot.James: No problem.Model 3 Go straight ahead till…Now Your TurnNew student: Excuse me. I wonder if you could tell me how to get to the school stadium. John: Just go straight ahead till you reach the riverside, then turn right and walk until you see the students’ cafeteria. Turn left, and walk about five minutes. You’ll see HudsonHall, a dorm building. The school stadium is on the opposite side.New student: Thank you very much.John: You’re welcome.V. Let’s TalkJim: Hey Jack, hurry up! The game’s going to start any minute mow. What are you doing anyway?Jack: I’m just making some popcorn. Beer, popcorn, football! What more could you want on a Saturday afternoon?Jim: Yeah, I guess this is the next best thing to getting actual tickets to the game. I’m cool with just watching it here in the dorm. The TV will give us a better view.Jack: It’s gonna be a good game. I’m anxious to see some of the local players in action.Jim: Yeah, should be good… but not for your team. I don’t think they have a chance.Jack: Why not? We’ve got some good players.Jim: Maybe, but the other team has some of the best players in Europe. David Beckham, Michael Owen. How can your guys compete with them?Jack: Of course they’re good, but our local team is also excellent!Jim: OK, if you’re so confident, how about a bet?Jack: All right. Loser pays for a dinner at Pizza Hut after the match.Jim: Fine. I could eat some pizza tonight. Mmm. I can taste it now.Jack: Don’t forget to bring your wallet, Jim. You’re going to need it after you lose.Jim: Goal! Michael Owen. I think I’m starting to get hungry for some pizza!Jack: I think our goalkeeper was distracted.Jim: Yeah, right! (sarcastically)Jack: Hey! Our team’s got a corner. Only two minutes left. Maybe the game will end in a tie. Jim: Ooooh! Too bad, Jack. You guys almost did it!Jack: Well, time is up, and I’m starving. Let’s go to Pizza Hut. It’s on me!Jack( rooting for the home team) a,b,e,fJim( rooting for the visiting room) c,d,g,hFor ReferenceaA, say the score of the match excitedly.Wow! The score is 65:67 in favor of Lakers.B, discourage your partner and ask for wait-and-see.Come on! Rockets is striking back. He who smiles last smiles best.A, answer back, showing confidence in the visiting team.I don’t think so. Well begun is half done, you know.B, shout at the three-point shoot which leads to the home team’s advantage.THREE! 68:67 in Rockets’ favor. Come on, guys! Some more points!A, sign at the final loss of the visiting team and show your disbelief.Oh, Jesus. How can that be?bA, comment on the general performance of the team.These guys do a good job today, huh?B, agree but say what you see happening on the field.Yeah. They’re really wonderful. Oh, the opposing team scored two goals within THREE minutes!A, show your extreme disbelief.Incredible! 2goal in 3 minutes!B, complain about the poor defense and save.What poor defense and terrible save of the goalkeeper!A, Show your disappointment by promising not to watch the team’s game later.My whole night id ruined. I don’t want to watch their game any more.VI. Furthering Listening and Speaking ListeningTask 1: Sports in the U.S.Sports are very important in the U.S. both for spectators and participants. Many people have jobs where they sit for most of the day, so when they have free time, they like to take part in more physical activities. Both team sports and individual activities are popular. Youth sports are played either in local clubs or for teams representing schools. Most major league sports recruit their players from college or high school teams. Specter sports are also a major part of American culture. Many Americans watch sports weekly, if not daily. Thousands of people attend professional and college sporting events to cheer on their local teams. Millions more choose to watch on TV and root from their own living rooms. On TV, American football, baseball and basketball are the most popular sports. Soccer has a long way to go before it is on the same level with the “big three”. Although there is some overlapping, football is played in the fall, basketball in the winter and baseball in the spring and summer. American professional teams are privately owned and generally situated in major cities, so they have a large fan base to draw from. There’s no government involvement in these leagues.1. popular2. weekly3. local clubs4. big three5. fan baseTask 2: WalkingGenerally, people travel by car, bus or subway in America. Rarely is a bicycle used as a method for transportation. In many cities and towns, Americans choose to walk. Walking is considered one of the best way to stay healthy. It is the world’s most natural exercise. About 50 million Americans are active in what is called “fitness”walking. They take short walks a few times each week to improve their health. Fitness walking can be done almost anywhere, anytime. No special equipment is needed. Experts advise drinking lots of water before and after each walk. They say the most effective way to walk is the natural way. A new study has provided details about the link between walking and your emotional health. A professional at California State University asked a group of students to describe their feelings of energy and tension. Then he sent them on a fast walk for 10 minutes. When the students returned, they reported feeling less tired and more energetic. The professor found short walks could also help make personal problems seem less serious. Indeed, one group of people said their problems didn’t seem as bad as they had been before they went for a fast 10-minute walk.1. F2.F3.F4.T5.TTask 3: The 27th Summer Olympic GamesThe 27th summer Olympic Games were held in Sydney, Australia, in 2000. Thousand of athletes gathered there to take part in the first Summer Olympic of the new century. It was, however, notthe first time for Australia to host the Olympic Games. Australia also played host in 1956, when the city of Melbourne was the site of the Games. The 2000 Olympic lasted a little more than two weeks, from September 15 to October 1. The mascot of Sydney Olympic Games was, not surprisingly, a Kangaroo. There were some new events in the 1000 Olympic, such as women’s water polo and weightlifting. The Games were a great success. In sporting competition, athletes broke lots of Olympic and world records. Also, the event was a huge financial success for Australia, especially in the tourism industry.1. D2.B3.B4.C5.D。

七年级（下）unit 2 听力训练(含答案及录音原文）I模仿朗读。

听以下短文，然后模仿朗读。

The CN Tower is one of the tallest buildings in the world. The Canadians have always been proud of the CN Tower. It is really a wonder of modern desigh. The CN Tower IS 553 metres high and it is opended on June 26.1976. If you look from the bottom of the tower, you will feel that the top of it is in the sky. Every year, nearly 2 million people visit CN Tower to enjoy the beautiful view.II. 信息获取第一节听选信息听三段对话，每段播放两遍。

选择正确的信息在8秒内口头回答。

听第一段对话，回答1-2两个问题。

1.Where is the woman probably in? (Restaurant./Cinema./Tea Shop.)Answer:________________________________________________________________________2.What does the women order?(A large bowl of beef noodles./ A small bowl of chicken noodles./ A medium bowl of beef noodles.) Answer:________________________________________________________________________ 听第二段对话，回答3-4两个问题。

《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit 2Unit 2Task 1【答案】1) b 2) a 3) d【原文】Texas was the biggest state before Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959. One good way to understand the size of Texas is to learn about its weather. Different parts of the state have very different kinds of weather.Laredo is one of the hottest cities in the United States in summer. The best time to visit Laredo is in winter, when it is pleasantly warm.Amarillo gets very cold in winter. Sometimes there is more snow in Amarillo than in New York, which is a northern city. Summers are better, but sometimes it gets quite hot. The best time to visit Amarillo is in the autumn when it is cool.If anyone asks you about the weather in Texas, ask him, “What part of Texas do you mean？”Task 2【答案】A.1)T 2) F 3) FB.1) d 2) c 3) cC.climate, reputation, extraordinary, unreliable, dry, wet, clear, dull, hot, cold, bad, mild【原文】Our friend, Nick, whose English gets better and better, declared solemnly the other day that he thought that the British climate was wonderful, but the British weather was terrible. He went on to explain by pointing out that the British climate was a temperate one. This meant, he said, "that you could always be certain that the weather would never be extreme — at any rate not for any length of time — never very hot and never very cold." He quite rightly pointed out that the rainfall in Britain, according to the statistics, was not very heavy. "Why then," he asked, "has the British climate such a bad reputation?" He answered by saying it was because of the extraordinary, unreliable weather. There was no part of the year at which you could be certain that the weather would be dry or wet, clear or dull, hot or cold. A bad day in July could be as cold as a mild day in January. Indeed you could feel cold at almost any time of the year. Nick blamed drafty British houses for this, but agreed you could also blame the small amount of sunshine and a great amount of dampness. He advised every student coming to Britain to bring an umbrella and to understand the meaning of that splendid word "drizzle".Task 3【答案】I.the country; Trees, grass, lakes and steamsII.A.1. concrete, iron, steel2. take in the heat during the day and throw off heat into the air at nightB. Warmer winters, car engines; electrical applianceⅢ.A. air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earthB.1. Ice near the North and South poles to melt2. to be slowly flooded and people living in these cities to move to higher land【原文】Cities change the climate around you. In the country, there are trees, grass, lakes, and streams. In hot weather, the trees and grass cool the area around them. Lakes and rivers also cool the area around them.But cities are not cooled in these natural ways. Cities are built of asphalt, concrete, iron, and steel. There are few trees and usually not much grass. Rain falls onto the streets and into the sewers.When the summer sun shines, streets and buildings take in the heat; after the sun sets, the streets and buildings throw off heat into the street. Once the sun sets, the countryside cools off, but a city may stay hot all night.Cities are hotter than the countryside in winter, too. Standing near a car with its motor running, winter or summer, you will feel the heat thrown off by the engine. The heat comes from the gasoline burned by the engine. This heat warms the air and the ground around the car. Thousands of running cars are almost like thousands of small fires burning.Carefully put your hand near a light bulb or television set. As you can see, electricity creates a lot of heat. This heat from electricity warms the house and the outside air.The heat given off by cities can affect the climate. Some experts even believe that cities can change the climate of the whole world. They think that air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earth. If less sunshine reaches the earth, the earth may become cooler.Still other experts think the world will get warmer. If the world did get warmer, great changes would occur. Ice near the North and South poles would melt. This would make the oceans rise. Cities near oceans — like Los Angeles, Boston, and Miami — would slowly be flooded. People living in these cities would have to move to higher land.Task 4【答案】A.1) b 2) cB. night, delight; morning, warning; gray, way, red, headC.1) F 2) T 3) F【原文】A red sky at either dusk or dawn is one of the spectacular and beautiful weather predictors we have in nature. By closely observing this phenomenon, you can achieve short-range accuracy of the weather as good as, or better than your local weatherman. In the Bible, Jesus in Matthew 16, 2-3 is quoted as saying, “When it is evening, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red. And in the morning it will be foul weather today: for the sky is red” when speaking to the Pharisees. An old English weather proverb based on this passage is:Red sky at night, sailors delight.Red sky at morning, sailors take warning.OrEvening red and morning gray,Sends the traveler on his way.Evening gray, morning red,Brings the rain down on his head.At dusk, a red sky indicates that dry weather is on the way. This is due to the sun shining through dust particles being pushed ahead of a high pressure system bringing in dry air. A red sky in the morning is due to the sun again shining through dust. In this case however, the dust is being pushed on by an approaching low reassure system bringing in moisture. Don't confuse a red sky in the morning with a red sun in the morning. If the sun itself is red and the sky is a normal color, the day will be fair.Task 5【答案】1) c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c【原文】Mark: I am an avid fly fisherman and frequently find myself on the river in a raft during lightning storms. We always have a debate at these times on where weare safest — pulling into shore or staying on the water. Since I have heard oneis safe in a car when lightning strikes I wonder if the raft floating on the wateris insulated, and therefore the safest place to be.Meteorologist A: We spoke with some scientists about your question, and they all agreed that under no circumstances should you remain on the water during a lightningstorm. If your raft is made of rubber, you might feel that you're .well insulated,but don't kid yourself. Typical lightning flashes travel 10 to 15 kilometers andcan deliver as much as 100,000 amps of current. In comparison, a toaster usesabout 10 amps of current. If lightning strikes the water near you, it will have notrouble traveling through a few extra centimeters of rubber.Meteorologist B: So, if you're on the water and a thunderstorm approaches, get to the shore and seek shelter on land. Try a building or car. If neither is available, look for a cave,cliff, wall, or a group of trees. Never take shelter under an isolated tree-it's also agood target for lightning.Task 6【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) TB.Incredible, one minute, one kilometer, destroyed, lifted up, carried away, killed, injured【原文】Every spring and summer many inland areas are hit by tornados. A tornado is a kind of storm. It's a revolving, funnel-shaped column of air that moves through the sky at very high speeds. A tornado looks like a huge, black ice cream cone whirling through the sky. The speed of a tornado is very fast-it is believed to be between 200 and 700 kilometers per hour.Tornados form under very special weather conditions, and these special weather conditions occur most often in inland areas, such as the central United States. A tornado forms when a layer of warm, dry air is on top of a layer of cooler, moist air. This combination of dry, warm air above wet, cool air creates a condition that causes the lower layer of air to lift up. As the lower air rises, both layers of air begin to rotate, to turn around and around. The air begins to rotate faster and faster because of centrifugal force. The tornado has a center called an “eye” and the air rotates quickly around this eye.As the air begins to rotate faster and faster, the tornado cloud begins to grow downward; that is, it begins to form a funnel or cone, and this cone goes down toward the ground.The cone of air is dark because it develops from a dark rain cloud. As the cloud gets longer, as the cloud gets closer to the ground, it begins to pull up dirt from the ground. Then the funnel of rotating air becomes very dark because of the dirt in it. As the tornado funnel gets longer, it begins to drag along the ground.When the tornado touches the ground, it does incredible damage. It usually touches the ground for only about one minute, and it usually travels along the ground for only about one kilometer, but during that one minute, buildings are destroyed, trees are lifted up out of the ground, small objects are carried away, and sometimes people are injured or killed.Task 7【答案】A.1) b 2) a 3) bB.1) It has been nice weather during the day, but it is going to change at night.2) Fine weather in southern Europe and not so nice in northern EuropeFor todaySoutheast England---26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoonSouthern Scotland---Maximum temperatures of around 21 degreesBrighton---15 hours of lovely sunshineMidlands---23 degrees Celsius by early afternoonNorthwest of Scotland---Light showers around middayFor the weekendSpain---34 degrees CelsiusGreece---32 degrees CelsiusFrance---Cloudy with rain, maximum temperatures of 22 degreesNorthern Ireland---Heavy rain, 17 degrees CelsiusMost of England---Cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods, 23 degrees Celsius【原文】Radio Announcer: You’re listening to Radio Metro. It’s two minutes to nine, and time for the latest weather for cast from Dan Francis at the London Weather Centre.Francis: Hello. It's been another warm and fine day for most of us. Temperatures in southeast England reached 26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoon, and Brighton had 15 hours of lovely sunshine. Further north it was a little cooler with maximum temperatures of around 21 degrees in southern Scotland, and in the far northwest of Scotland there were some light showers around midday. But the rest of the country, as I said, has been warm and dry with temperatures in theMidlands reaching 23 degrees Celsius by early afternoon though it was a little cooler along the west coast and in Northern Ireland. But already the weather is beginning to change, I'm afraid, and during the night showers will slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach south-west England and the southern coast of Wales by early morning.The rest of the country will have a very mild, dry night with minimum temperatures no lower than 15 degrees in the south, a little cooler — 11degrees or so — in the north. Any remaining showers in northwest Scotland will pass quickly to leave a mild, dry night there too.And now the outlook for Friday and the weekend. Well, southern Europe will, once again, get the best of the weekend weather, and if your holiday starts this weekend, then southern Spain is the place to go, with temperatures of 34 degrees along the Mediterranean coast. At the eastern end of the Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted sunshine and temperatures of up to 32 degrees Celsius in Greece and southeast Italy, but further north the weather's not so settled. Much of France, Belgium and the Netherlands will be cloudy with occasional rain, and maximum temperatures will be around 22 degrees — very disappointing for this time of the year.Scotland and Northern Ireland will have heavy rain for much of the weekend and temperatures will drop to a cool 17 degrees. Across most of England the weather will be cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods. And when the sun does come out, temperatures could rise to a maximum of 23 degrees.Task 8【原文】As the air pressure around you either rises or falls, many changes in nature occur. Most of these are very obvious changes while others are of a more subtle nature.Mountains and other far away objects will appear to be much closer and more sharply focused as wet weather approaches and the air pressure drops. The dust particles in the air begin to settle to the ground and the air clears, allowing you to see more details of faraway objects. As a high pressure front approaches and the air becomes “thicker,” more dust particles become suspended in air and things take on their normal somewhat hazy appearance.“Sharp horns on the moon threaten bad weather.” This and a bright, clear moon are good indicators that wet weather is on the way. As the air clears of dust particles ahead of a low pressuresystem, the moon appears to come closer and be more sharply focused due to the lack of dust.Sound also becomes sharper and more focused prior to stormy weather. Instead of traveling upward and outward into the atmosphere sound waves are bent back to the earth and their range extended. Bird calls sound sharper, and, at my house, we can hear the blowing of the train horn as it rumbles through the valley below.If you find yourself out in a marsh or swamp and the air really seems to stink more than normal, expect rainy weather. This happens when the pressure drops and the methane trapped on the bottom of the swamp is released in greater quantities. In reverse, as fair weather approaches and the pressure rises, things won't smell quite so strong.Birds and bats have a tendency to fly much lower to the ground right before a rain due to the “thinning” of the air. They prefer to fly where the air is the most dense and they can get greater lift with their wings. With high pressure and dry air, the atmosphere becomes denser and they can easily fly at higher altitudes.Smoke rising straight into the air means fair weather and smoke hanging low means rain is on the way. This is pretty much the same as with the birds and methane in the swamp. When high pressure approaches, smoke will rise whereas with low pressure it can't rise and tends to lay low.Remember a grandparent talking about how their corns, bunions, or joints ached right before a rain? Again, this is due to the decreasing atmospheric pressure allowing the gas in our bodies to expand.Task 9【答案】A. Statements 3, 6, 7 are true.B.f—c—a—d—b—eC.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) FD.1) d 2) b【原文】It was 1974. Richard Nixon was still president. Kidnapped heiress Patty Hearst was still missing. In Xenia, a pretty spot of 25,000 people amid fields of soybeans and corn, American Graffiti was held over at the Cinema. The Xenia Hotel offered a chicken and dumpling dinner for $2.25, but everyone flocked to the A&W drive-in for burgers and root beer floats. That's where five of the bodies were found after the storm.In all, 33 people died in Xenia's tornado, the deadliest of 148 storms that raged through 13 states during the infamous "Super Outbreak'' of tornadoes April 3 to 4, 1974. In 16 hours and 10 minutes, 330 people were killed and nearly 5,550 were injured from Illinois to Georgia.Though the Xenia death toll has been matched by other killer storms, the degree of devastation makes the city's tornado among U.S. history's most destructive. The storm still is studied in colleges by aspiring meteorologists, a textbook case of a rare Category F-5, the most intense of tornadoes.On that fateful day, I was a young boy of 8 years old. We lived in the Arrowhead Subdivision. That afternoon I was around the corner playing with some neighbor kids. I thought I could hear my father calling me, so I ran back to the house. Thinking back now, there is no way I would havebeen able to hear him. I was too far away for a voice to have traveled in the afternoon noise. Besides, Dad had a very bad case of tonsillitis that day. Like I was saying, I went back home and got through the door just in time to answer the ringing phone. On the other end of the phone was my Mother. Mom was working. She told me she heard a bad storm was on the way. She told me to make sure the garage door was shut and to stay inside. After I hung up the phone, I settled down to watch The Dennis Show. To this day I can vividly remember the electricity going out. I looked out the large window in the living room and didn't have a clue as to what I was looking at.Dad was asleep on the couch, so I woke him up to look. Dad looked and said to get into the bathroom. We sat on the floor. Dad had his back to the door and his feet pushing against the wall opposite the door. I remember that as soon as we sat down, the windows broke. Glass blew under the door, and the sound was tremendous. I know it really didn’t take too long for the tornado to go past, but I do remember the conversation we had in the process. I could feel the cool air rushing under the floor through the crawlspace vents. I asked if we were flying. He said he wasn't sure, but he didn't think we were. He said the house was tearing apart. I asked him how he knew. He said he just knew it was.When things calmed down, we opened the door. The odd feeling I had, looking up the street from inside what once was my hallway, is still with me today.I think back often to that day. I think back and wonder what would have happened if my Dad hadn't been sick that day. Like a lot of kids, I stayed home by myself after school back then. I seriously doubt I would be able to tell you my story, if I had been alone that day. I still live in Xenia and wouldn’t trade this town for any other.Task 10【原文】Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the harshest places for human existence. It is cool in summer but freezing cold in winter. In Lhasa, the mildest city temperature may exceed 29C in summer while plummeting to -16C in winter! Sun radiation is extremely strong in Tibet. The sunlight in Lhasa is so intense that the city is called Sunlight City. The thin air can neither block off nor retain heat so that the temperature extremes can be met in daytime and the same night respectively in Tibet. However it is not impossible to visit the holy snow land. April to October is the best time to visit Tibet, out of the coldest months, which are from December to February usually. The average temperature in north Tibet is subzero and winter arrives in October until the following May or June. July and August are the best time to visit the area, enjoying warm temperature, intense sunshine, beautiful scenery and festive events. May, June and September is the tourist season in east Tibet. In winter, roads are all blocked by heavy snow. Landslides and rock falls frequently occur, which will make travel difficult.。

Unit 2Task 1【答案】A.1) elephants 2) chimpanzees 3) giraffes 4) penguins 5) kangaroos 6) zebras 7) polar bears B.1) and a tail 2) big ears 【原文】1) They live in Africa and India. They have four legs and a tail. They are very big and very strong. They are intelligent, too. They have a trunk and some of them have tusks. They sometimes live for 70 years. 2) They live in Africa and Asia. The y are brown. They have arms and legs, but they don’t have a a tail. tail. tail. Their Their Their arms arms arms are are are very very very long long long and and and they they they have have have big big big ears. ears. ears. They They They are are are good good good climbers. climbers. climbers. They They They are are very intelligent, too. 3) They live in Africa. They are very tall. They have four legs, a tail and a very long neck. They eat leaves and twigs. They can run very fast. They are brown and white. 4) They live in very cold countries. They have wings, but they can’t fly. They are good swimmers. They eat fish. They are blue and white or black and white. 5) They live in Australia. They are red or gray. They have short front legs, long back legs and a very very long long long tail. tail. tail. The The The back back back legs legs legs and and and the the the tail tail tail are are are very very very strong. strong. strong. They They They can can can run run run very very very fast. fast. fast. The The The females females carry their young in a pouch. 6) They live in Africa. They have four legs and a tail. They have a beautiful coat with black and white or brown and white stripes. They eat grass and plants. 7) They live in very cold countries. They have four legs. They are very big and very strong. They have a white coat. They can swim. They eat seals and fish. Task 2【答案】A.1) The cheetah. 2) 170 km/h. 3) More than 100 km/h. 4) Because most animals run on four legs. 5) Because we have machines. B.1) F, 2) F, 3) T 【原文】The fastest animal on land is the cheetah. It can run at a speed of about 100 kilometres an hour. The fastest bird in the world can fly at 170 km/h, and the fastest fish can swim at more than 100 km/h. Human beings are not very fast. The fastest man in the world can only run at about 40 km/h. Many animals can run faster than this. But most animals run on four legs. Four legs are better than two, aren’t they? Why do we only have two legs?Scientists say that we are more intelligent than other animals because we stand on two legs, so so we we we can can can use use use our hands our hands for for other other other things. We can pick things. We can pick things things up up up with with with them. them. them. We We We can can can use use use tools. tools. Human beings have used tools for millions of years. That is why our brains have developed. That is why we have become the most intelligent animals in the world. In In the the the past past past few few few years, years, years, we we we have have have made made made all all all kinds kinds kinds of of of machines. machines. machines. W e W e have have have made made made cars, cars, cars, ships, ships, aeroplanes and spacecraft. In these machines we can travel faster than any animal —by land, by sea, or by air. We can even go to the moon. No other animal has ever done that! Task 3【答案】A.1) Climate, lack of food and aliens from outer space might be responsible for their extinction. 2) No. B.B: might have gotten, killed them off A: may have run out of food B: could have been destroyed by aliens 【原文】A: You know, w e’re studying dinosaurs in science class.we’re studying dinosaurs in science class. It’s really interesting.B: Oh, yeah? Hey, have you learned why the dinosaurs disappeared? A: Well, no one knows for sure. B: I thought it had something to do with the climate. The temperature might have gotten cooler and killed them off. A: Yeah, that’s one theory. Another idea is that they may have run out of food. B: Uh-h uh. And you know, there’s even a theory that they could have been destroyed by aliens huh. And you know, there’s even a theory that they could have been destroyed by aliens from outer space. A: That sounds crazy to me! Task 4【答案】1) The mayfly. A few hours. 2) They just do two things: finding a mate and producing young. 3) We could judge by its growth rings. 4) It was kept for 152 years. 【原文】For the shortest life, the first prize must go to the mayfly, which typically lives only a matter of a few hours after it emerges from its shell. Few mayflies live to see the sun rise again. These creatures creatures devote devote devote their their their whole whole whole lives lives lives to to to a a a single single single desperate desperate desperate mission: mission: mission: finding finding finding a a a mate mate mate and and and producing producing young. They d on’t even have functional mouths and stomachs. They simply have no time to eat. In don’t even have functional mouths and stomachs. They simply have no time to eat. In fact they have no time for anything else. The The record-holder record-holder record-holder for for for the the the longest longest longest life life life may may may be be be the the the Arctic Arctic Arctic clam, clam, clam, one one one of of of which which which lived lived lived quietly quietly underwater for 220 years. However it did not have any birth certificate to prove this. One could only judge by its growth rings. If you insist on better documentation, the oldest animal ever was probably a tortoise that died in in 1918. 1918. 1918. It It It had had had been been been captured captured captured already already already full-grown full-grown full-grown in in in 1766, 1766, 1766, nine nine nine years years years before before before the the the American American Revolution began and it died 152 years later as World War I came to a close. Task 5【答案】 A.People have different opinions on using animals for research. B.1) for a. was tried first on animals. b. is dependent on c. using unwanted animals. 2) against a. suffer b. unnecessary c. the same rights 3) a. cell culture b. computer modeling. 【原文】Every Every year year year about about about 17 17 17 million million million animals animals animals are are are used used used in in in Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory experiments. experiments. experiments. But But But in in in many many countries today, a difficult question is being asked: Do we have the right to use animals in this way? People People who who who are are are for for for using using using animals animals animals in in in research research research argue argue argue that that that the the the use use use of of of animals animals animals in in in medical medical research has has many many many practical practical benefits. benefits. Animal Animal research research has has has enabled enabled enabled researchers researchers to to develop develop treatments treatments for for for many many many diseases, diseases, diseases, such such such as as as heart heart heart disease disease disease and and and depression. depression. depression. It It It would would would not not not have have have been been possible to develop vaccines for diseases like smallpox and polio without animal research. Every drug anyone takes today was tried first on animals. Future medical research is dependent on the use of animals. Which is more important: the life of a rat or that of a three-year-old child? Medical Medical research research research is is is also also also an an an excellent excellent excellent way way way of of of using using using unwanted unwanted unwanted animals. animals. animals. Last Last Last year, year, year, over over over 12 12 million animals had to be killed in animal shelters because no one wanted them as pets.However those who are against it point out that the fact that humans benefit cannot be used to justify using animals in research any more than it can be used to justify experimenting on other humans. Animals suffer a lot during these experiments. They are forced to live in small cages, and they may be unable to move. Much of the research that is carried out is unnecessary anyway. Animals have the same rights as humans do — to be able to move freely and not to have pain or or fear fear fear forced forced forced on on on them. them. them. Researchers Researchers Researchers must must must find find find other other other ways ways ways of of of doing doing doing their their their research, research, research, using using using cell cell culture and computer modeling. There should be no animals in research laboratories at all. Task 6【答案】A.1) No. 2) Because zoo officials want him to produce cubs with another female tiger, so they don ’t want him to become too interested in this family. B.1) four months 2) 13 kilograms 3) horse meat, their mother ’s milk. 4) the National Zoo ’s Website C.1) c, 2) c, 3) b 【原文】Visitors to the National Zoo in Washington D. C. can see three new young tigers. The rare babies met the public for the first time late last month. Ch ip O’Neal tells us about them. The The mother mother mother tiger tiger tiger sat sat sat nearby nearby nearby on on on the the the grass grass grass as as as her her her babies babies babies rolled, rolled, rolled, chased chased chased and and and bit bit bit each each each other other playfully. Then Korenchy also jumped into the games. Her cubs were born at the zoo four months ago. They are called Mike, Eric and Chrisy. The new young tigers at the National Zoo each weigh about 13 kilograms. Their fur is dark orange with black stripes. They eat horse meat and drink milk from Korenchy. Korenchy Korenchy and and and her her her babies babies babies are are are Sumatran Sumatran Sumatran tigers. tigers. tigers. Sumatran Sumatran Sumatran tigers tigers tigers came came came from from from the the the Indonesian Indonesian island of Sumatra. They are now in danger of disappearing from the earth. Fewer than 500 of these tigers remain in the world. That includes about 60 living in zoos in North America. Korenchy came to the National Zoo from the Jakarta Zoo in Indonesia. The girl was part of the Sumatran Tiger Species Survival Program. Korenchy has given birth to live cubs three tines. The father of her new cubs is Rokan, a Sumatran tiger who arrived two years ago from another zoo. Korenchy and Rokan had their babies the natural way instead of the scientific method often used to produce young animals in zoos. A A wire wire wire fence fence fence separates separates separates Rokan Rokan Rokan from from from his his his babies. babies. babies. Zoo Zoo Zoo workers workers workers who who who care care care for for for Rokan Rokan Rokan say say say he he reaches through the fence to wash the cubs with his tongue. They say this means he recognizes Mike, Mike, Eric Eric Eric and and and Chrisy Chrisy Chrisy as as as his his his cubs. cubs. cubs. However, However, However, zoo zoo zoo officials officials officials are are are hoping hoping hoping that that that Rokan Rokan Rokan will will will produce produce more cubs with another female Sumatran tiger at the zoo, so they do not want him to become too interested in this family. The The National National National Zoo Zoo Zoo hopes hopes hopes to to to keep keep keep the the the Sumatran Sumatran Sumatran tiger tiger tiger cubs cubs cubs for for for at at at least least least 18 18 18 months months months before before sending sending them them them to to to other other other zoos. zoos. zoos. That That That is is is about about about the the the age age age when when when most most most tiger tiger tiger cubs cubs cubs in in in the the the wild wild wild leave leave leave their their mothers. The National Zoo has placed cameras in the Sumatran tigers ’ living area, so people with computers can see them. To do this, use your computer to find the National Zoo ’s Website at www. /natzoo. Task 7【答案】A.1) Cats have been more popular, because there are more pet cats in American homes. 2) About 8,000 years 3) They probably arrived in the United States from Europe. 4) No. B.1) a) food especially prepared for cats b) other equipment c) with images of cats d) in special burial grounds 2) a) pleasure b) care c) being alone d) independent C.1) F, 2) F, 3) T, 4) F, 5) F 【原文】An old expression says, “Man Man’’s best friend is his dog.” Today, however, it seems that cats have replaced dogs as the most popular pets in American homes. Americans have more than 62 million pet dogs. But even more cats — more than 64 million — live in American homes. These pet cats may have long hair or short hair. They are different colors and sizes. Some are costly costly animals animals animals that that that take take take part part part in in in competitions. competitions. competitions. Many Many Many more more more are are are common common common American American American mixtures mixtures mixtures of of several kinds of cats. Most house cats live a good life. They are not expected to work for their food. Instead, they rule their homes like furry kings and queens. They wait for their owners to serve them. Americans are increasingly s erious about their cats. These concerns have made the care of serious about their cats. These concerns have made the care of cats into big business. Each year, cat owners buy tons of food especially prepared for cats. They buy toys and other equipment. equipment. They They They buy buy buy jewelry jewelry jewelry and and and clothes clothes clothes for for for themselves themselves themselves with with with images images images of of of cats cats cats on on on them. them. them. Some Some owners even bury their dead pets in special burial grounds. Humans have loved and respected cats for centuries. Scientists have evidence that cats and people lived together as long as 8000 years ago. The small house cat was once a highly honored animal. In ancient Egypt, for example, people who killed a cat could be punished by death. Early in American history cats were not treated as gods, however. They probably arrived in the United States with settlers and traders from Europe. These cats worked. They killed rats and mice. Sometimes, Sometimes, Americans Americans Americans mistreated mistreated mistreated their their their cats. cats. cats. During During During the the the early early early days days days of of of the the the nation, nation, nation, religious religious extremists extremists believed believed believed that that that some some some cats cats cats were were were working working working for for for the the the devil. devil. devil. Black Black Black cats cats cats were were were especially especially suspected of being evil. Later, American families who had enough food began taking cats into their homes. People cared for the cats because the animals gave them pleasure. The cats thanked people for feeding them by making a purring sound. This pleasant noise usually means a cat is happy. Animal experts offer several reasons why cats have become so popular as house pets. They say say cats cats cats need need need less less less care care care than than than dogs. And dogs. And cats cats do do do not not not seem seem seem to to to suffer suffer suffer as as as much much much as as as dogs dogs dogs from from from being being alone if the owners are away. Still, millions of other people do not like cats at all. They say dogs are better and more loving pets. They say cats do not have much feeling. They believe cats stay with people only to be fed. Cat owners defend their pets against such criticism. They say cats are just much more independent than dogs. A student of animal medicine explains the situation this way: dogs follow you around — they want want you you you to to to talk talk talk to to to them them them and and and play play play with with with them them them a a lot lot of of the the time. time. time. Cats Cats Cats like like like more more more space space space and and and more more privacy — this does not mean they do not love their owners. Task 8【答案】Little Little Steve Steve Steve has has has a a a pet pet pet rabbit, rabbit, rabbit, Bunny. Bunny. Bunny. He He He plays plays plays with with with it it it every every every day day day after after after school. school. school. One One One day day day his his mother sees that her little boy is holding Bunny by the ears. From time to time he gives the poor rabbit an angry shake and says: “How much is two plus two?”“Steve,Steve,”” says his mother, “Why do you treat your poor little Bunny that way?” “Well,Well,”” explains Steve angrily, “Our teacher says that rabbits multiply very quickly, but this dummy can ’t even add.”Task 9【答案】 Most mammals live on land, but not all of them. Millions of years ago, some mammals went back to the sea and lived there. The legs of these animals disappeared, and after a long time they looked like fish. These animals became whales and dolphins. Whales and dolphins are still like other mammals in many ways. They are warm-blooded and they breathe air. They also have big brains. That is why they are more intelligent than fish. Whales have the biggest brains in the world. Their brain is bigger than the brain of a human being. 。

Unit 2 Dealing with Cultural DifferencesUnit 2Part A Pre-listening TaskAdditional questions for discussion1. Comment on the proverb "Do in Rome as the Romans do."This is a very wise saying and makes a lot of sense. It is always advisable for visitors to a new place to be sensitive to people's ways of doing things there and try to behave in a similar way themselves where necessary. By doing in Rome as the Romans do, you will be appreciated by the local people and considered to be a person who understands the local customs. You will have a better chance of being accepted as one of them instead of being treated as an outsider. And more often than not, you will be able to get things done that way.2. What does "culture shock" mean?Culture shock is a painful feeling people experience when they encounter entirely different ways of life in another culture. It often happens to people who have been suddenly transplanted (迁移) abroad. The foreign culture has such a strong impact on newcomers that they may become extremely anxious. They may find it hard to understand people's behavior, customs and value systems there. Sometimes they may feel like fish out of water and confused as to what is proper and what is not proper, and even what is right and what is wrong.3. In what ways can we cope with culture shock?There are several things we can do to prevent or reduce the negative effects of culture shock. Before we enter a strange culture, we can learn about it and prepare ourselves for the new experience. When we are in the new culture, we should maintain an open attitude toward people and things, and try to adjust to the new environment. When we run into problems, we should not panic but keep calm, and try to get assistance from the natives. Finally, if we are going to have a long stay in the culture, we should make an effort to gradually blend in the new surroundings and make ourselves comfortable there.Part B Listening TasksEmbarrassing Experiences (Part One)Interviewer: Rob, you went to Brazil, didn't you?Rob: Yes, I did.Interviewer: So, what happened?Rob: Well, I went into this meeting and there were about, er... seven or eight people in there and I just said 'Hello' to everybody and sat down. Apparently, what I should have done is togo round the room shaking hands with everyone individually. Well, you know, it's silly of me because I found out later it upset everyone. I mean, I think they felt I was taking them for granted.Kate: Well, I know that because when I was in France the first time, I finished a meeting with 'Goodbye, everyone!' to all the people in the room. There were about half a dozen people there but I was in a hurry to leave, so I just said that and left. Well, I later found out that what I should have done is shake hands with everyone in the group before leaving. Now, apparently, it's the polite thing to do.Interviewer: Well, people shake hands in different ways, don't they?Rob: Oh, yes, that's right, they do. See, normally I shake hands quite gently when I meet someone. So when I went to the US for the first time, I think people there thought my weak handshake was a sign of weakness. Apparently, people there tend to shake hands quite firmly. Kate: Oh, gosh, you know, that reminds me: on my first trip to Germany, it was a long time ago, I was introduced to the boss in the company when he passed us in the corridor. Well, I wasn't prepared, and I mean, I had my left hand in my pocket. And when we shook hands I realized my left hand was still in my pocket. Well, that was, you know, very bad manners and I was quite embarrassed.Interviewer: And how about using first names? Have you made any mistakes there?Rob: Oh, yes, I have! When I first went to Italy I thought it was OK to use everyone's first name so as to seem friendly. And I later discovered that in business you shouldn't use someone's first name unless you are invited to. Oh, and you should always use their title as well.Kate: Hm, yeah, well, when I met people in Russia, you know, they seemed to be puzzled when I shook hands with them and said 'How do you do?' Well, what they do when they greet a stranger is to say their own names, so I had that all wrong!Rob: Oh, yes, I agree with that. Remembering names is very important.Interviewer: Shall we take a break? When we come back we'll move on to our next topic. Kate & Rob: OK.Listen to the interview and choose the right answers to the questions you hear. Questions:1. What is the conversation mainly about?A. Different ways of greetings in different countries.B. Interesting experiences of Kate and Rob during their visits to some foreign countries.C. The importance of knowing how to greet a stranger properly when we are in a new country.D. Embarrassing mistakes made by Kate and Rob due to ignorance of cultural differences. 正确答案：D2. Who might be the people Rob and Kate met in various countries?A. They were probably their foreign guides.B. They were probably their business associates.C. They were probably total strangers to them.D. They were probably their bosses.正确答案：B3. What can we infer about Kate and Rob from the conversation?A. They are business partners.B. They are travelling salespeople.C. They are both British.D. They are business people who travel a lot to other countries.正确答案：D.4. Which countries has Kate visited, according to the conversation?A. France, Germany and Italy.B. Germany, Sweden and Russia.C. Russia, Germany and France.D. Brazil, Italy and France.正确答案：C.5. Which countries has Rob visited, according to the conversation?A. Italy, the US and France.B. Brazil, Germany and Italy.C. France, Russia and the US.D. Italy, the US and Brazil.正确答案：D6. What is the main message that the speakers want to tell us?A. The importance of recognizing cultural differences.B. The difficulty of cross-cultural communication.C. The importance of regarding all cultures as equals.D. The necessity to promote effective international communication.正确答案：A.Listen again and complete the following statements with information you hear.1.In Brazil, the proper behavior is that people go round the room and shake hands witheveryone individually when you arrive.2.In France, the proper behavior is to shake hands with everyone in the group whenleaving.3.In the US, the proper behavior is to shake hands firmly .4.The proper behavior in Germany is that people do not keep their left hands in theirpockets when shaking hands.5.The proper behavior in Italy is that people do not use someone's first name unless youare invited to. They should always use their title.6.The proper behavior in Russia is that people say one's own name, not "How do you do?",when greeting a stranger.Speaking Tasks I:What do you think of the text you've just heard? Exchange views with your partner. Reflections:Comment on the experiences Rob and Kate had in some foreign countries. Do you think it is important to be aware of cultural differences? Why? Exchange views with your partner. You may mention the following points in your discussion.1. awareness of cultural differences -- to avoid misunderstanding2. importance of learning about other cultures3. importance of knowing how to deal with cultural differences -- key to successful international business and cultural exchangesHow differently people behave in different countries! What different standards they have for good manners! In the text, Kate and Rob unintentionally offended their foreign associates because they were ignorant of cultural differences. They failed to realize that what counts as good manners in one country may be bad manners in another.The world we live in is made up of a great many nations, races, tribes, and communities, each of which has its own distinctive culture. In fact, cultural diversity is what makes our world so rich and so colorful. However, failing to recognize this diversity will pose problems to people like Kate and Rob whose jobs require them to meet and do business with people from other cultures. They may probably leave a bad impression on their business associates because of a casual way of greeting, a weak handshake, or calling someone by his or her first name without being invited to. And that bad impression may cost them their chance to win a business deal.As our country becomes more and more open to the outside world, it is quite possible that we will be involved in international business transactions or cultural exchanges after we leave school. I think it is important that we improve our awareness of cultural differences so as to prepare ourselves for successful cross-cultural communication in the future.Speaking Tasks II:Look at these pictures. They are about Chinese and Western ways of eating. Do you see any differences between them? Describe the pictures first and then discuss their differences.Several Westerners are having dinner. In front of each of them are three plates, the under plate, the dinner plate and the soup plate as well as some wineglasses. Some knives and forks are placed on the two sides of the plates. There are several bottles of wine in the middle of the rectangular table. At the side of the table is a breadbasket. Everyone has a napkin on the lap. In picture (a), we can see a large soup tureen on the table and a woman is ladling some soup into her soup plate. In picture (b), the soup tureen is replaced by a bowl of salad, and a man is passing the salad bowl to his neighbor. In picture (c), we can see a large plate of a meat dish, and a man is cutting the meat with his knife and fork. Another man is passing the pepper bottle to the woman sitting near him.A Chinese family of three are having dinner. In front of each member, there is a small bowl of rice, a small saucer on which rests a soupspoon, and a pair of chopsticks. In the middle of the round table can be seen a large bowl of chicken soup and four dishes including twovegetables, a fish and pork chops. The mother is getting some fish for her son while the father is helping himself to some soup.A group of Chinese are having dinner in a restaurant. In front of every diner, there is a small bowl and a soupspoon, an under plate and a dinner plate and a pair of chopsticks which are placed on a pretty chopstick rest. The table is quite large, and on top of it is a smaller revolving table known as lazy Susan, on which are placed a lot of dishes, a pot of jasmine tea, and several cans of beer and juice. Several pairs of extra chopsticks and two extra spoons are available for all to use. A man, who seems to be the host, is turning the revolving table with one hand and gesturing with his other to invite the woman sitting next to him to try a particular dish. Another man is picking some vegetables with one of the extra pairs of chopsticks. Still another man is getting some meat from the plate in front of him.Speaking Tasks III:In this part you'll make a comparision of pictures. Listen to a sample passage or conversation about the first picture. Then move on to the next two pictures. Use the sample as your model and carry on similar activities with your partner.A : Don't you think there are great differences between Chinese and Western ways of eating?B : Yes, they are very different indeed. We Chinese use chopsticks to help ourselves to almost everything except soup, but Westerners use a knife and fork.A : I think our chopsticks are much easier to handle. Knives and forks are so complicated to use.B : I'm afraid many Westerners wouldn't agree with you on that. It may take them quite some time to learn the skill of handling chopsticks.A : You may be right. What do you think of the food Western people eat at dinner? Seems to me a Western dinner is rather simple. There are so few courses.B : That's true. A Chinese dinner is usually much more plentiful. Even at a simple family dinner we have at least four dishes and a soup. I'm afraid I would be starving at a Western dinner.A : But the Western style of eating seems to be more hygienic. Nobody uses his own fork to get food for himself or for others. But at a Chinese dinner, some people, especially the hospitable host and hostess, often try to get food for others with their own chopsticks. They don't realize how unhygienic this is.B : It really is. Westerners usually ask others to pass some food to them if they can't reach it. If you stretch out your arm or stand up to get food, people would think you have very bad table manners.A : But the dinner table in a Chinese restaurant is so convenient. Just turn the revolving table, and you are within easy reach of the dishes.B : Mm. That's true. So the Chinese way and the Western way of eating are just different. Neither is better or worse.A : You said it. But the important thing is to be aware of the differences so as to avoid misunderstanding.Part C Additional ListeningAmerican PartiesAs you would imagine, Americans move about a great deal at parties. At small gatherings they may sit down, but as soon as there are more people than chairs in a room - a little before this point - you will see first one and then another make some excuse to get to his feet to fetch a drink or greet a friend or open a window until soon everyone is standing, moving around, chatting with one group and then another. Sitting becomes static beyond a certain point. We expect people to move about and be "self-starters". It is quite normal for Americans to introduce themselves; they will drift around a room , stopping to talk wherever they like, introducing themselves and their companions. If this happens, you are expected to reply by giving your name and introducing the person with you; then at least the men generally shake hands. Sometimes the women do so as well, but often they merely nod and smile. A man usually shakes a woman's hand only if she extends it. Otherwise he too just nods and greets her.Statements:(F) 1. We can't imagine that Americans do not like big parties and they prefer going aroundat parties.(T) 2. At small parties they may sit down, but as more people come, they would stand up and move about.(T) 3. The reason why Americans like to stand is that they like the free atmosphere of the party.(F) 4. The meaning of "self-starters" is that Americans help themselves to drinks during the parties.(to introduce tehemslves and the person with them, or talk wherever they like) (F) 5. Americans are more open-minded than British people according to the passage.(have not mention)(T) 6. If a woman doesn't extend her hand to a man at the party, he should not shakes hands with the woman.(T) 7. The passage shows a unique aspect of American culture.Leisure TimeA Cultural QuizListen to the following quiz about a certain aspect of British life and choose the appropriate answer. Then check your answer with what is mentioned in the comment.You have been working in the London office of your company for some time now. It is Friday evening and your colleagues are about to hit the pubs before heading home, as they have been doing all the time you've been here. Now that you've become one of the pals, they have asked you to join them. You generally don't drink and have a long way to travel home. What should be the correct reaction?a. Decline politely, saying that you don't drink and want to get home as soon as possible.b. React with annoyance when they persist and firmly refuse, even lecturing them for drinking too much.c. Argue with them that even after an hour in the pub you will still see rush-hour traffic, so what's the point?d. Show enthusiasm, saying that you will go along but will only have a small drink if it's all right with them.CommentThis Friday-evening visit to pubs is fairly common in Britain, especially among unmarried people who see no reason to rush home from work. It is as much a social thing as a practical action to avoid rush-hour traffic and the friendly feeling over a few drinks is important among most British workers. It is an opportunity to relax, even to get a little drunk as a reward for a hard week's work. They will not think little of you for not drinking, though a few will show surprise that you don't even drink beer, which is a national brew practically. Option D will not only give you the opportunity to get to know them but also give an insight into a typical slice of British life - the pub scene.Movie TimeEarthquakesThe first seismic detector was invented almost 2000 years ago by a Chinese mathematician. He built a device with metal balls in dragons' mouths. A pendulum in the instrument moved when it registered a quake and balls fell out into the waiting frogs' mouths below.The Chinese were unique. Other cultures rely on religion and mythology to explain earthquakes. The early Japanese spoke of a giant cat fish that fought with a god. The god won and stood in triumph on the great fish's head. From time to time the cat fish threshed around and the drumming of its huge tail shook the ground.Modern science gives us a more rational explanation. But it too shows us just how small we really are. Earthquakes happen because on a vast, slow scale, the entire surface of the planet is in motion. The earth's crust is divided into broad pieces called tectonic plates, floating above the liquid mantle, hundreds of miles below. These tectonic plates are constantly moving, driven by convection currents in the mantle. The movement is incredibly slow, about half an inch per year, or just about the speed that finger nails grow. In some parts of the world the plates collide: one plate slides under or past the other. The immense forces push up the crust, forming mountains and volcanoes.Time to TalkIn this picture we see a young woman riding a swing. She's dressed in a green blouse and a red skirt, which is fastened around the chest instead of the waist. Judging from her unique clothes, I am pretty sure she is a Korean as Korean women are known to enjoy riding swings. Though people from other cultures may have different opinions about the way she's dressed, Korean people must think that the girl's clothes look great and attractive. Different cultures are entitled to their own likes and dislikes.This picture shows three monks dressed in orange robes receiving food from two women. I remember reading a book that said young men in Thailand must serve as monks for some time before they go to work or get married. This is a unique cultural practice that can hardly be accepted in China or in many other countries. To the Thais, however, it's a way of normal life. Also to go out begging for food could be very embarrassing for most of us, but to themonks, it's nothing to be ashamed of. So the key to understand other peoples in the world is to learn to respect their cultures first.The picture shows men and women from different ethnical background are getting together. The two Asian women are wearing traditional costumes -- one on the left is dressed in kimono, and the other on the right wears a black Muslim robe as all Arab women do. The man next to the Muslim woman is half naked. His face and chest are painted in a special pattern and some feathers are stuck around his head. Maybe he wants to look like an Indian, but his skin betrays him. Anyway, the photograph is intended to convey a message that races from different cultures can coexist in harmony.Part D Home ListeningEmbarrassing Experiences (Part Two)Interviewer: Let's go on with our talk. What do you think of business cards, Rob?Rob: I found them very useful when I was in Japan not so long ago. Each person can clearly see the other's name and the job title on the card. And I found out that you have to treat business cards with respect. What you've got to do is hold them with both hands and then read them very carefully. What happened to me was the first time I just took a man's card with one hand and put it straight into my pocket.Interviewer: What other advice do you have, Kate?Kate: Well, one time I unintentionally caused some problems when I was in China. Well, I was trying to make a joke when I pretended to criticize my business associate for being late for a meeting. And he was embarrassed, I mean, he was really embarrassed instead of being amused. Now you shouldn't criticize people in China or embarrass them. I mean, you must avoid confrontation. That's for sure!Rob: Oh, I must tell you about the first time I was in Mexico! I have to admit I found it a bit strange when business associates there touched me on the arm and the shoulder. Well, I tried to move away and, of course, they thought I was being very, very unfriendly. Apparently, it's quite usual there for men to touch each other in, you know, in a friendly way. Oh ... oh, and another thing, the first time I went to Korea I thought it was polite not to look someone in the eye too much. The Koreans I met seemed to be staring at me when I spoke, which seemed, you know, a bit odd at first. In Korea, eye contact conveys sincerity and it shows you're paying attention to the speaker.Kate: Oh, well, it seemed strange because you British don't look at each other so much when you're talking to each other. I mean, you look away, you know, most of the time. I found this hard to deal with when I first came to the UK, because people seemed to be embarrassedwhen I looked at them while they were speaking to me.Interviewer: So what's the thing visitors to Britain should avoid most?Rob: Well, I don't think we're all that sensitive, do you, Kate?Kate: Ohoo, well, I'll tell you, I made a big mistake when I was in Scotland. I found myself referring to the UK as "England" and to the British as "the English". Now, I know that would be just as bad in Wales, I guess.Rob: Yes, it certainly would!Listen to the interview and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.1.In Japan, you should hold a business card with both hands and read the name and the jobtitle carefully. So do not hold the card with one hand and put it into your pocket without reading it.2. In Mexico, it is usual for men to touch each other in a friendly way and it is consideredunfriendly if you move away when you are touched.3.In Korea, eye contact means sincerity and respect to the speaker.4.In China, you should avoid criticizing people, otherwise you will embarrass them.5.Rob is from the UK but Kate is not.6.Kate pretended to criticize her Chinese business partner with the intention of amusinghim.7.In China, you should avoid confrontation with people.8.People in Scotland and Wales will be offended if you call them English. It is becauseEngland is only one part of the United Kingdom.9.Rob does not like to be touched and stared at.10.English people tend to look away when talking to each other.。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-2Unit 2 Wildlife ConservationPart Ⅰ Getting readygravely：严重species：物种extinct：灭种on the brink：在边缘can't afford to wait any more：不能再等待take action：采取行动abbreviations ：缩写acronyms：首字母缩略词IUCN -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature：世界自然保护联盟convention：会议;全体与会者;国际公约;惯例，习俗，规矩CITES -- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species：华盛顿公约，濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约conservation：保存;保护;避免浪费;对自然环境的保护UNEP -- United Nations Environmental Program：联合国环境规划署WWF -- World Wide Fund for Nature ：世界自然基金会regulate：调节;控制，管理promote the conservation：促进保护under the auspices of：在…的帮助或支持下;有…赞助的prohibit：禁止endangered species：濒危野生动植物种encourage partnerships in doing sth：鼓励伙伴partnership：伙伴关系;合伙人身份;合作关系;合营公司inspiring information：鼓舞人心的信息improve their quality of life：改善生活品质without compromising：不妥协enable sb to do sth：使……能raise funds for ：筹款giant panda：大熊猫a global network：全球网Gland：格兰德Switzerland：瑞士biological diversity：生物多样性ecosystem services：生态系统服务variety：种类a breathable atmosphere：洁净的（能够呼吸的）空气reduce in number ：数量减少role：任务negligible：以忽略的;微不足道的apes：猿whales：鲸seals：海豹marine turtles：海龟walrus：海象dolphins：海豚crocodiles：鳄鱼bludgeon：攻击;威胁，强迫campaign：运动sanctuaries：庇护所sea sanctuary：海洋保护区protected-nesting sites ：受保护的营巢区nesting site：营巢区;筑巢区;巢址pollute：污染ivory：象牙porpoise：动鼠海豚come into force：开始生效habitat：（动物的）栖息地，住处compromise：妥协roll off：辗轧;下降breed：繁殖public appeal：公众诉求;呼吁slaughter：屠宰（动物）;大屠杀make a donation：捐款Wild animals and wild plants and the wild places where they live are gravely threatened almost everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century; and many hundreds are now on the brink. We can't afford to wait any more. It is time that we take action.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. habitat: the natural home of a planet or animal2. species: a group of plants or animals of the same kind, which are alike in all important ways and can breed together3. bludgeon: hit with a heavy object4. census: a count of a total population5. logistics: the planning and implementation of the details of any operation6. degrade: bring down7. adversely: in the manner of going against, opposing8. refuge: a place that provides protection or shelter from danger9. aquatic: living in or on water10. mussel: a small sea animal living inside a black shell whose soft body can be eaten as food (淡菜)11. staple food: basic food or main food that one normally eats12. picky eater: someone who is very careful about choosing only what they like to eat13. shrink: to become or cause to become smaller in size14. case study: a detailed analytical study of a person or something with a view to making generalizationsB Listen to some abbreviations and acronyms of some organizations and some information about them. Fill in the blanks.Audioscript:1. IUCN -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature, is the organization established by the United Nations to promote the conservation of wildlife and habitats as part of the national policies of member states.2. CITES -- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. is an international agreement under the auspices of the IUCN with the aim of regulating trade in endangered species of animals and plants. The agreement came into force in 1975 and by 1991 had been signed by 110 states. It prohibits any trade in a category of 8,000 highly endangered species and controls trade in a further 30,000 species.3. UNEP -- United Nations Environmental Program, aims to provide leadershi p and encourage partnerships in caring for the environment by inspiring information and enabling nations and people to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.4. WWF -- World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), is an international organization established in 1961 to raise funds for conservation by public appeal. Projects include conservation of particular species, for example, the tiger and giant panda. With almost five million supporters distributed throughoutfive continents, WWF has a global network active in over 90 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland.Biological diversity provides us with a variety of special "ecosystem services", such as clean water, a breathable atmosphere and natural climate control. However, many kinds of wild animals have been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is negligible. Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals, and marine turtles are under particular pressure.C Listen to the conversation. Match column A, which is alist of the names of some endangered animals, with column B, which gives the information about those endangeredanimals. Then anwser the questions.Questions:1. What do people at the World Wildlife Fund work for according to the woman?They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife.2. What are they doing in order to protect those endangered animals? They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species. Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up.3. Can you guess the meaning of "sea sanctuaries"?It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freely.Audioscript:A: Hello, I'm calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.B: The what?A: The World Wildlife Fund. If you've got a few minutes I'd like to tell you what that means.B: Oh, all right.A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife. The seas, for example, have become polluted by the industrialized world; whales are being hunted to extinction;turtles are rolled off their eggs when they come ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil...B: Oh.A: Crocodiles are killed to make handbags and shoes; walruses are hunted for their ivory.B: I see.A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise.B: Really.A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.B: Very interesting.A: Aided by our campaign, protected nesting sites for turtles have already been set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if you'd like to make a donation?Part II Christmas bird countsbe deemed：（被）认为，视为，断定fortunes ：命运critically：危急;严重perilous：危险的，冒险的at risk of ：有……危险imminent extinction：即将灭绝lose a species：丧失一个物种residents：居民maintaining：保持sustain：维持;支撑;忍受quality：质量sustaining the quality of lives ：维持生活质量John James Audubon ：约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦，1785年4月26日-1851年1月27日)，美国画家、博物学家，他绘制的鸟类图鉴被称作“美国国宝”illustrate：说明；描绘；画插图in their natural habitats：自然居住地conservationist：自然资源保护者，生态环境保护者feather：羽毛，翎毛manufacture：制造sponsored by ：赞助;发起the National Audubon Society：全国奥杜邦（鸟类保护）协会Bermuda：百慕大群岛（北大西洋西部群岛）Pacific islands：太平洋岛屿volunteer：志愿者bird count：鸟类的清点experienced：有经验的bird watcher：野鸟观察者，鸟类观察家diameter：直径observe：观察actually ：实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎longest-running：播放时间最长的census：人口普查，统计;人口财产调查ornithology：鸟类学;鸟学scheduled：排定，进度表logistics：组织工作ideal：理想；目标virtually：实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎identify ：识别，认出Panama：巴拿马esthetic value：审美价值indicator：指示器habitat alteration：栖息地变更signal：信号，暗号;预兆，征象degrade：降低，贬低;使降级degradation：退化;堕落;降级adversely：反对;不利地;有害地annual：每年Christmas bird counts：对诞（岛）数鸟decline：下降One in eight of the world's bird species is deemed globally threatened and the fortunes of 198 critically endangered species are now so perilous that they are at risk of imminent extinction. Many people feel that every time we lose a species, the world becomes a poorer place. The more successful we are at maintaining or improving the living conditions of the Earth'smany residents, the better our chances will be of sustaining the quality of all species' lives on Earth.A Listen to a news report. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column according to the following cues. While listening for the second time, supply the missing information.Event: Christmas bird countsTime: from Christmas to Jan. 3rdSponsored by: the National Audubon SocietyParticipants:Numbers:more than 40,000 volunteersBackground: from all 50 states of the U.S., every Canadianprovince, parts of Central and SouthAmerica', Bermuda, the West Indiesand Pacific islandsNumber of bird counts this year: more than 1 600 separate bird countsThe logistics of bird counts: Each individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point.Origin of the National Audubon Society: It was named after an American artist John James Audubon, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society was founded in the late1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds.B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report. Complete the summary of this year's Christmas bird counts.Christmas bird counts will start from Christmas to January 3rd., sponsored by the National Audubon Society. This year more than 40 000 volunteers from the U.S., Canada, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands will be outside counting birds. The counts are not only for experienced bird watchers but anyone that is interested or concerned as well.This year more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. Every individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point. Bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on t he number of birds they actually see.The traditional Christmas bird count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.Audioscript:John James Audubon was an American artist in the early 1800s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manufacture of women's hats.Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, more than 40 000 volunteers will be outside counting birds from today until January3rd. Volunteers from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands have begun to count and record every individual bird and bird species observed during the two and one half week period of the count.Jeffrey LeBaron is the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.This year, according to Mr. LeBaron , more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10people taking part, others with hundreds. The logistics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple."Each individual count is in a circle. It's a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And it's always the exactly same area that's done every year, usually, even on the same weekend during the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this census: every single individual bird within that circle on the count day."Mr. LeBaron says experienced bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see. The editor points out, however, that the counts are not only for experienced bird watchers."Anybody that is interested or concerned can become involved. Beginners will go out in a party with experienced individuals who know both the area and the birds in the area, in the field where more eyes and ears are better. And then anybody can point out a bird, and someone in the field will always be able to identify the bird."C Now listen to what Mr. Lebaron says about the information concerning birds. Complete the outline.OutlineI. Total number of known species -- about 9 300II. HabitatA. Larger numbers living in the warmer climatese.g. more than 300 different species counted in PanamaB. far fewer species native to colder climatesIII. ValueA. importance to the environment1. indicator of the quality of environment2. sensitive to habitat alterationB. esthetic value1. getting pleasure out of looking at birds andlistening to birds2. mental quality of life degraded without birds IV. Birds' populationA. some species -- decliningB. many types -- increasingAudioscript:Mr. LeBaron says there are about 9 300 different known species of birds. Larger numbers of them live in the warmer climates. For example, more than 300 different species have been counted in Panama, while far fewer species are native to colder climates. Aside from their esthetic value, Mr. LeBaron says birds are important to the environment because they can signal changes in it."Birds are one of the best indicators that we have of the quality of the environment within the given area. Whether it is a relatively local area, or even primarily on the worldwide bases, they are one of the first things to be altered. They are quite sensitive to a habitat alteration or to other threats. And often times when birds are disappearing out of the area, it just means there is a degradation of the quality of the habitat within that area which will adversely affect everything in there including humans."National Audubon Society editor Jeffrey LeBaron calls the world's bird populations a source of wealth that humans must protect. "People get so much pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds. And if they start disappearing just the er, the quality of life,um, may be not physically, but the mental quality of life can be degraded quickly."Jeffrey LeBaron says that while the National Audubon Society's annual Christmas bird counts show a decline in some species, many types of birds are actually increasing their populations.Part III Dolphin captivityin captivity：养在笼子（或池子，等）里；囚禁announcer：播音员thesis statements：文意，简述论文，论文主题Colorado Public Radio：科罗拉多州公共广播电台aquatic park：水上公园Denver：丹佛（美国科罗拉多州）ire：愤怒dolphin ：海豚instigate：教唆;煽动;激起a former navy dolphin trainer ：前海军海豚训练员Florida：佛罗里达州ranges：范围family-oriented：面向家庭的；群居的concrete tank：混凝土水箱，混凝土油罐，混凝土贮水池sonar：声呐装置bounce off：试探（某人对某一新设想和意见），大发议论ocean explorer：海洋探险家reject：拒绝;抛弃suicidal：自杀的，自杀性的;自我毁灭的，自取灭亡的;于己不利pool ：池子a very sophisticated brain：发达的大脑sophisticated：复杂的;精致的;富有经验的;深奥微妙的Portland：波特兰(俄勒冈州)Oregon.：俄勒冈州captive dolphins ：被捕的海豚Sarasota Bay：萨拉索塔湾（佛罗里达州）Florida：佛罗里达州the census data ：统计数据distribution：分配，分布debate：讨论;辩论;争论marine mammal：海洋哺乳动物organisms：有机体;生物operate：操作，运行metabolically：代谢的anti-educational：对抗教育，反教育，逆教育natural behavior ：自然行为alter：改变;更改stranded：处于困境的beach：海滩fractured ribs or jaws：头骨、肋骨、下颌骨骨折pros：同意，支持cons：反对We have learned a great deal by observing the animals kept in the zoo. However, wildlife is wild. Do you think we are protecting them or making them suffer by keeping them in captivity?A The following words are used in the news interview. Listen to the words first. Study the definitions carefully.1. ire: anger2. instigate: provoke to some action3. sonar: a method for finding and locating objects under water by means of the sound waves they reflect or produce4. bounce (off): (sound or light) reach the surface and is reflected back5. marine: of, near or living in the sea6. breed: produce offspring7. metabolically: pertaining to what is needed to function8. alter: change9. stranded: left abandonedB Listen to the news interview. There are five persons in it.Match column A with column B to indicate who's who.Then write out the thesis statements they are arguing about.Thesis Statement No. 1:Dolphins should be kept in captivity.Thesis Statement No. 2:There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.C Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of theinterview. Write out each person's pros (agree with thethesis) or cons (disagree with the thesis) for each thesisstatement in note form.Audioscript:[Alan Tu is an announcer for Colorado Public Radio; Peter Jones is a reporter for Colorado Public Radio. The other speakers are identified in the report.]A: A planned aquatic park in Denver is raising the ire of animal rights activists who object to a proposal to include a captivedolphin display. Although officials for Colorado's OceanJourneys say they have yet to make a final decision on the issue, local and national activists have already instigated a "NoDolphins in Denver" campaign. As Colorado Public Radio'sPeter Jones reports, the battle lines have been clearly drawn. P:Rick Troud, a former navy dolphin trainer based in Florida, is taking an active role in the "No Dolphins" campaign.R:Average age in the wild ranges anywhere in some of the studies between 30 and 40 years of age. In captivity, you can expect adolphin to live maybe 5.13 years, and every 7 years in captivity the dolphin population is dead.P:According to Troud, there are many reasons why dolphins can't live full lives in captivity.R:If you take a look at where the real dolphin is in the real ocean, you find the dolphin who swims 40 miles a day, is veryfamily-oriented. These animals are separated from theirmothers; that's a stress. You put them in a concrete tank where their sonar bounces off the walls, they can't swim in the sameamount of time and direction that they can in the wild.P:Environmentalist and ocean explorer, Jean Michel Cousteau:J: There are some animals which reject captivity right away, and they're very suicidal. I've had one of those in my own arms for many days. The next morning when I came to take care of him, he was dead. And what he'd done was to swim as fast as hecould from one end of the pool on ... to the other side anddestroyed his head by hitting the wall. They have a verysophisticated brain. I don't think we have any rights to playwith the lives of these animals.P:Cousteau's anti-captivity position is challenged by Dr. Deborah Duffield, a biology professor at Portland State College inOregon. Her 1990 study compared captive dolphins to the wild population of Sarasota Bay, Florida. Among other findings, the study showed little if any difference in the average age of death.And Duffield says life is generally getting better for captivedolphins.D: The census data say that every time I do a census, I've got older and older animals in it as well as this normal age distribution that we've been looking at. So my feeling is that the trend incaptivity has been that the group of animals that we'refollowing are getting older, and if they continue to do that over the next five years, they will then indeed be older than the wild population.P:There is also a debate over the educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity. According to Duffield, captive dolphins play an important role in our basic understanding of the animals.D: I firmly believe that we cannot learn anything about organisms that we share this world with if we do not understand how they live in an environment, and what they do, and that watchingthem go by in the wild will not do it. I cannot tell what ananimal needs, unless I know how it operates, how it breeds,what it needs metabolically, and I can't learn that from animals in the wild.P:But Troud says the dolphin displays are anti-educational because the animals' natural behavior patterns are altered by captivity.R:In the wild, you don't have dolphins who beat each other to death.There are no dolphins that I've ever seen stranded on the beach, who are suffering from fractured skulls, fractured ribs orfractured jaws, as is the case in captivity.P:The Ocean Journey board will take all factors into consideration before making a final decision on whether to include dolphinsin the park. For Colorado Public Radio, I'm Peter Jones.Part IV More about the topic:Wildlife in dangera profound effect：深远的影响ecosystems：生态系统upsetting：倾复unclear：不清楚adapt enough to：适应得够adapt to：使适应于，能应付survive：活命mountain：山forest：林giant panda：大熊猫roughly：大约bamboo：竹子staple food：主食Michigan State University：密歇根州立大学a dramatic impact：巨大影响the long-term solution：长期的解决方案long-term：长期的;长远heat-resistant：耐热的，抗热的notoriously：恶名昭彰地;声名狼藉地picky eater：好挑食shrink：收缩，皱缩;（使）缩水;退缩，畏缩shrinking fish：水温高鱼变小consequence：结果metabolic：新陈代谢的metabolic rates：代谢率oxygen：氧气stay alive：活着predict：预言，预测kill off：消灭，一个接一个地杀死projection：预测;规划，设计relatively：关系上地;相对地;比较calculate：计算;估计;打算，计划;旨在case study：个案研究;专题;研究实例;范例分析unexpectedly：未料到地，意外地;竟;居然;骤然North Atlantic cod：北大西洋鳕鱼underestimate：低估haddock：小口鳕，黑线鳕Climate change is having a profound effect on ecosystems around the world, upsetting and altering the lives of numerous species of animals. As temperatures continue to rise, it's unclear whether all species will be able to adapt enough to survive, especially as other species in their ecosystems adapt by getting smaller or larger.A In the following report, you will learn some facts about the giant panda, an endangered species in China. Listen carefully and supply the missing information.There are roughly 1 600 pandas living in the wild, mainly in the mountain forests of western China. Bamboo is their staple food. And they eat up to 38 kg a day. But some species of the plant take many years to grow, which means they don't adapt to climate change. Scientists are now predicting that an increasing temperature of even 2°C will kill off the species the pandas need to survive. One of the study's authors is Professor Jack Lu of Michigan State University."Even by the middle of the century, this century, the impact will be very obvious. And by the end of the century, in many areas, 100 percent of this bamboo will be gone. And that's really a dramatic impact that people have not realized". Reducing global warming is the long-term solution and creating new panda habitats is another. It may also be possible to introduce new species of bamboo that are heat-resistant. But unfortunately, pandas are notoriously picky eaters and may reject even a slight change to their diet. Audioscript:There are roughly 1 600 pandas living in the wild, mainly in the mountain forests of western China. Bamboo is their staple food. And they eat up to 38 kg a day. But some species of the plant take many years to grow, which means they don't adapt to climate change. Scientists are now predicting that an increasing temperature of even 2°C will kill off the species the pandas need to survive. One of the study's authors is Professor Jack Lu of Michigan State University. "Even by the middle of the century, this century, the impact will be very obvious. And by the end of the century, in many areas, 100 percent of this bamboo will be gone. And that's really a dramatic impact that people haven not realized". Reducing global warming is the long-term solution and creating new panda habitats is another. Itmay also be possible to introduce new species of bamboo that are heat-resistant. But unfortunately, pandas are notoriously picky eaters and may reject even a slight change to their diet.B The following report is about shrinking fish found in thesea as a consequence of global warming. While listening for the first time, note down as many key words as you can inthe left-hand column. After the second listening, fill in thegaps in the summary in the right-hand column with the help of the notes.Audioscript:Although projections of global temperature rises show relatively small changes at the bottom of the oceans, the resulting impacts on fish body size are "unexpectedly large", according to this research. As ocean temperatures increase, so do the body temperatures and metabolic rates of the fish. This means they use more oxygen to stay alive and, according to the researchers, they have less avalilable for growth.They've calculated that up to 2050, fish will shrink in size by between 14 and 24 percent, with the Indian and Atlantic Oceans worst affected. The warming waters are also likely to drive fish more towards the poles, leading to smaller species living in areas like the North Sea.According to the scientists, their models may underestimate the potential impacts. When they looked at case studies involving North Atlantic cod and haddock, they found that recorded data on these fish showed greater decreases in actual body size than the models predicted.Part V Do you know ...?catalog：目录，目录册，目录簿inhabit v.：居住the planet：这个行星（地球）estimate：估计，预测;报价，exceeding：胜过in the form of parks：在公园的形式下wildlife refuge：野生动物保护区reserve：保护区，保存，储备aquatic animal：水生动物crayfish：淡水螯虾（肉）;龙虾mussel：贻贝，蚌类;淡菜In general, an endangered species is one that's in immediate danger of becoming extinct. Its numbers are usually low, and it needs protection in order to survive.Listen to some facts about endangered species. Pay special attention to the numbers.Audioscript:● Scientists hav e cataloged more than one and one-half million ofthe species that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least 20 times that many species inhabit the planet.● Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimatethat the total number of species lost each year may climb to40,000 by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years.● Around the world more than 3 500 protected areas exist in theform of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about 2 million square miles (5 million square km, or 3% of our total land area).● Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States areclassified as endangered. More than 1,000 animal species areendangered worldwide.● Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America,a third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish speciesand nearly three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble. Part VI Reminder of key points inthis unitPart VII Watch and enjoyYou're going to watch a video clip taken from Saving Species, a program by National Geographic Society. Watch carefully and decide whether the following statements are True or False. Write "T" or "F" for each statement.endangered species.creatures.plants and animals in immediate danger of extinction.endangered species in the America.of a biological catastohpe.depend utterly on other creatures for our very survival and therefore they're our companions in the biosphere.Videoscript::The first Europeans on this continent had a common enemy to conquer. It was called nature. America seemed to be an endless expanse of hostile wilderness. Bison wandered along the Potomac. Grizzly bears strolled the beaches of California. Human beings did not even know it was possible for a species to go extinct, but we。

初中英语学习材料madeofjingetiejiUNIT 2 How often do you exercise？检测题听力原文及参考答案一、听力部分Ⅰ. 听句子, 选出你所听到的单词。

每个句子读一遍。

1. I saw the pandas once.2. Do you see my key, Peter?3. Most children like the song.4. I don’t think it’s healthy food.5. Can you look after the bike for me, please?Ⅱ. 听句子，选择你所听到句子的最佳答语。

每个句子读一遍。

6. How often do you exercise?7. How many hours do you sleep every night?8. What do you do on weekends?9. Does she like milk?10. What sports do you play?Ⅲ. 听对话, 在下列每个小题的空白处填写一个适当的单词。

每段对话读一遍。

11. M: How often can you watch TV, Sandy?W: Twice a week.12. W: What do you often do after school, Jack?M: I often play soccer. I like it best.13. M: Would you like a hamburger, Susan?W: Oh, thanks. But I think that’s junk food.14. W: I often eat some tomatoes for lunch.M: Me, too. I think it’s good for my health.15. M: Lisa didn’t come to school today.W: Her grandma was ill and she looked a f ter her at home.Ⅳ. 听短文, 选择最佳答案。

《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit 2Unit 2Task 1【答案】1) b 2) a 3) d【原文】Texas was the biggest state before Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959. One good way to understand the size of Texas is to learn about its weather. Different parts of the state have very different kinds of weather.Laredo is one of the hottest cities in the United States in summer. The best time to visit Laredo is in winter, when it is pleasantly warm.Amarillo gets very cold in winter. Sometimes there is more snow in Amarillo than in New York, which is a northern city. Summers are better, but sometimes it gets quite hot. The best time to visit Amarillo is in the autumn when it is cool.If anyone asks you about the weather in Texas, ask him, “What part of Texas do you mean？”Task 2【答案】A.1)T 2) F 3) FB.1) d 2) c 3) cC.climate, reputation, extraordinary, unreliable, dry, wet, clear, dull, hot, cold, bad, mild【原文】Our friend, Nick, whose English gets better and better, declared solemnly the other day that he thought that the British climate was wonderful, but the British weather was terrible. He went on to explain by pointing out that the British climate was a temperate one. This meant, he said, "that you could always be certain that the weather would never be extreme —at any rate not for any length of time —never very hot and never very cold." He quite rightly pointed out that the rainfall in Britain, according to the statistics, was not very heavy. "Why then," he asked, "has the British climate such a bad reputation?" He answered by saying it was because of the extraordinary, unreliable weather. There was no part of the year at which you could be certain that the weather would be dry or wet, clear or dull, hot or cold. A bad day in July could be as cold as a mild day in January. Indeed you could feel cold at almost any time of the year. Nick blamed drafty British houses for this, but agreed you could also blame the small amount of sunshine and a great amount of dampness. He advised every student coming to Britain to bring an umbrella and to understand the meaning of that splendid word "drizzle".Task 3【答案】I.the country; Trees, grass, lakes and steamsII.A.1. concrete, iron, steel2. take in the heat during the day and throw off heat into the air at nightB. Warmer winters, car engines; electrical applianceⅢ.A. air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earthB.1. Ice near the North and South poles to melt2. to be slowly flooded and people living in these cities to move to higher land 【原文】Cities change the climate around you. In the country, there are trees, grass, lakes, and streams. In hot weather, the trees and grass cool the area around them. Lakes and rivers also cool the area around them.But cities are not cooled in these natural ways. Cities are built of asphalt, concrete, iron, andsteel. There are few trees and usually not much grass. Rain falls onto the streets and into the sewers.When the summer sun shines, streets and buildings take in the heat; after the sun sets, the streets and buildings throw off heat into the street. Once the sun sets, the countryside cools off, but a city may stay hot all night.Cities are hotter than the countryside in winter, too. Standing near a car with its motor running, winter or summer, you will feel the heat thrown off by the engine. The heat comes from the gasoline burned by the engine. This heat warms the air and the ground around the car. Thousands of running cars are almost like thousands of small fires burning.Carefully put your hand near a light bulb or television set. As you can see, electricity creates a lot of heat. This heat from electricity warms the house and the outside air.The heat given off by cities can affect the climate. Some experts even believe that cities can change the climate of the whole world. They think that air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earth. If less sunshine reaches the earth, the earth may become cooler.Still other experts think the world will get warmer. If the world did get warmer, great changes would occur. Ice near the North and South poles would melt. This would make the oceans rise. Cities near oceans — like Los Angeles, Boston, and Miami —would slowly be flooded. People living in these cities would have to move to higher land.Task 4【答案】A.1) b 2) cB. night, delight; morning, warning; gray, way, red, headC.1) F 2) T 3) F【原文】A red sky at either dusk or dawn is one of the spectacular and beautiful weather predictors we have in nature. By closely observing this phenomenon, you can achieve short-range accuracy of the weather as good as, or better than your local weatherman. In the Bible, Jesus in Matthew 16, 2-3 is quoted as saying, “When it is evening, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red. And in the morning it will be foul weather today: for the sky is red” when speaking to the Pharisees. An old English weather proverb based on this passage is:Red sky at night, sailors delight.Red sky at morning, sailors take warning.OrEvening red and morning gray,Sends the traveler on his way.Evening gray, morning red,Brings the rain down on his head.At dusk, a red sky indicates that dry weather is on the way. This is due to the sun shining through dust particles being pushed ahead of a high pressure system bringing in dry air. A red sky in the morning is due to the sun again shining through dust. In this case however, the dust is being pushed on by an approaching low reassure system bringing in moisture. Don't confuse a red sky in the morning with a red sun in the morning. If the sun itself is red and the sky is a normal color, the day will be fair.Task 5【答案】1) c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c【原文】Mark: I am an avid fly fisherman and frequently find myself on the river in a raft during lightning storms. We always have a debate at thesetimes on where we are safest —pulling into shore or staying on thewater. Since I have heard one is safe in a car when lightning strikesI wonder if the raft floating on the water is insulated, and thereforethe safest place to be.Meteorologist A: We spoke with some scientists about your question, and they all agreed that under no circumstances should you remain on the waterduring a lightning storm. If your raft is made of rubber, you mightfeel that you're .well insulated, but don't kid yourself. Typicallightning flashes travel 10 to 15 kilometers and can deliver as muchas 100,000 amps of current. In comparison, a toaster uses about 10amps of current. If lightning strikes the water near you, it willhave no trouble traveling through a few extra centimeters of rubber. Meteorologist B: So, if you're on the water and a thunderstorm approaches, get to the shore and seek shelter on land. Try a building or car. If neitheris available, look for a cave, cliff, wall, or a group of trees. Nevertake shelter under an isolated tree-it's also a good target forlightning.Task 6【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) TB.Incredible, one minute, one kilometer, destroyed, lifted up, carried away, killed, injured【原文】Every spring and summer many inland areas are hit by tornados. A tornado is a kind of storm. It's a revolving, funnel-shaped column of air that moves through the sky at very high speeds. A tornado looks like a huge, black ice cream cone whirling through the sky. The speed of a tornado is very fast-it is believed to be between 200 and 700 kilometers per hour.Tornados form under very special weather conditions, and these special weather conditions occur most often in inland areas, such as the central United States. A tornado forms when a layer of warm, dry air is on top of a layer of cooler, moist air. This combination of dry, warm air above wet, cool air creates a condition that causes the lower layer of air to lift up. As the lower air rises, both layers of air begin to rotate, to turn around and around. The air begins to rotate faster and faster because of centrifugal force. The tornado has a center called an “eye” and the air rotates quickly around this eye.As the air begins to rotate faster and faster, the tornado cloud begins to grow downward; that is, it begins to form a funnel or cone, and this cone goes down toward the ground.The cone of air is dark because it develops from a dark rain cloud. As the cloud gets longer, as the cloud gets closer to the ground, it begins to pull up dirt from the ground. Then the funnel ofrotating air becomes very dark because of the dirt in it. As the tornado funnel gets longer, it begins to drag along the ground.When the tornado touches the ground, it does incredible damage. It usually touches the ground for only about one minute, and it usually travels along the ground for only about one kilometer, but during that one minute, buildings are destroyed, trees are lifted up out of the ground, small objects are carried away, and sometimes people are injured or killed.Task 7【答案】A.1) b 2) a 3) bB.1) It has been nice weather during the day, but it is going to change at night.2) Fine weather in southern Europe and not so nice in northern EuropeFor todaySoutheast England---26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoonSouthern Scotland---Maximum temperatures of around 21 degreesBrighton---15 hours of lovely sunshineMidlands---23 degrees Celsius by early afternoonNorthwest of Scotland---Light showers around middayFor the weekendSpain---34 degrees CelsiusGreece---32 degrees CelsiusFrance---Cloudy with rain, maximum temperatures of 22 degreesNorthern Ireland---Heavy rain, 17 degrees CelsiusMost of England---Cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods, 23 degrees Celsius 【原文】Radio Announcer: You’re listening to Radio Metro. It’s two minutes to nine, and time for the latest weather for cast from Dan Francis at the London Weather Centre. Francis: Hello. It's been another warm and fine day for most of us. Temperatures in southeast England reached 26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoon, and Brighton had 15 hours of lovely sunshine. Further north it was a little cooler with maximum temperatures of around 21 degrees in southern Scotland, and in the far northwest of Scotland there were some light showers around midday. But the rest of the country, as I said, has been warm and dry with temperatures in the Midlands reaching 23 degrees Celsius by early afternoon though it was a little cooler along the west coast and in Northern Ireland. But already the weather is beginning to change, I'm afraid, and during the night showers will slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach south-west England and the southern coast of Wales by early morning.The rest of the country will have a very mild, dry night with minimum temperatures no lower than 15 degrees in the south, a little cooler — 11degrees or so —in the north. Any remaining showers in northwest Scotland will pass quickly to leave a mild, dry night there too.And now the outlook for Friday and the weekend. Well, southern Europe will, once again, get the best of the weekend weather, and if your holiday starts this weekend, then southern Spain is the place to go, with temperatures of 34 degrees along the Mediterranean coast. At the eastern end of the Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted sunshine and temperatures of up to 32 degrees Celsius in Greece and southeast Italy, but further north the weather's not so settled. Much of France, Belgium and the Netherlands will be cloudy with occasional rain, and maximum temperatures will be around 22 degrees — very disappointing for this time of the year.Scotland and Northern Ireland will have heavy rain for much of the weekend and temperatures will drop to a cool 17 degrees. Across most of England the weather will be cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods. And when the sun does come out, temperatures could rise to a maximum of 23 degrees.Task 8【答案】【原文】As the air pressure around you either rises or falls, many changes in nature occur. Most of these are very obvious changes while others are of a more subtle nature.Mountains and other far away objects will appear to be much closer and more sharply focused as wet weather approaches and the air pressure drops. The dust particles in the air begin to settle to the ground and the air clears, allowing you to see more details of faraway objects. As a high pressure front approaches and the air becomes “thicker,” more dust particles become suspended in air and things take on their normal somewhat hazy appearance.“Sharp horns on the moon threaten bad weather.” This and a bright, clear moon are good indicators that wet weather is on the way. As the air clears of dust particles ahead of a low pressure system, the moon appears to come closer and be more sharply focused due to the lack of dust.Sound also becomes sharper and more focused prior to stormy weather. Instead of traveling upward and outward into the atmosphere sound waves are bent back to the earth and their range extended. Bird calls sound sharper, and, at my house, we can hear the blowing of the train horn as it rumbles through the valley below.If you find yourself out in a marsh or swamp and the air really seems to stink more than normal, expect rainy weather. This happens when the pressure drops and the methane trapped on the bottom of the swamp is released in greater quantities. In reverse, as fair weather approaches and the pressure rises, things won't smell quite so strong.Birds and bats have a tendency to fly much lower to the ground right before a rain due to the “thinning” of the air. They prefer to fly where the air is the most dense and they can get greater lift with their wings. With high pressure and dry air, the atmosphere becomes denser and they can easily fly at higher altitudes.Smoke rising straight into the air means fair weather and smoke hanging low meansrain is on the way. This is pretty much the same as with the birds and methane in the swamp. When high pressure approaches, smoke will rise whereas with low pressure it can't rise and tends to lay low.Remember a grandparent talking about how their corns, bunions, or joints ached right before a rain? Again, this is due to the decreasing atmospheric pressure allowing the gas in our bodies to expand.Task 9【答案】A. Statements 3, 6, 7 are true.B.f—c—a—d—b—eC.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) FD.1) d 2) b【原文】It was 1974. Richard Nixon was still president. Kidnapped heiress Patty Hearst was still missing. In Xenia, a pretty spot of 25,000 people amid fields of soybeans and corn, American Graffiti was held over at the Cinema. The Xenia Hotel offered a chicken and dumpling dinner for $, but everyone flocked to the A&W drive-in for burgers and root beer floats. That's where five of the bodies were found after the storm.In all, 33 people died in Xenia's tornado, the deadliest of 148 storms that raged through 13 states during the infamous "Super Outbreak'' of tornadoes April 3 to 4, 1974. In 16 hours and 10 minutes, 330 people were killed and nearly 5,550 were injured from Illinois to Georgia.Though the Xenia death toll has been matched by other killer storms, the degree of devastation makes the city's tornado among U.S. history's most destructive. The storm still is studied in colleges by aspiring meteorologists, a textbook case of a rare Category F-5, the most intense of tornadoes.On that fateful day, I was a young boy of 8 years old. We lived in the Arrowhead Subdivision. That afternoon I was around the corner playing with some neighbor kids.I thought I could hear my father calling me, so I ran back to the house. Thinking back now, there is no way I would have been able to hear him. I was too far away for a voice to have traveled in the afternoon noise. Besides, Dad had a very bad case of tonsillitis that day. Like I was saying, I went back home and got through the door just in time to answer the ringing phone. On the other end of the phone was my Mother. Mom was working. She told me she heard a bad storm was on the way. She told me to make sure the garage door was shut and to stay inside. After I hung up the phone, I settled down to watch The Dennis Show. To this day I can vividly remember the electricity going out. I looked out the large window in the living room and didn't have a clue as to what I was looking at.Dad was asleep on the couch, so I woke him up to look. Dad looked and said to get into the bathroom. We sat on the floor. Dad had his back to the door and hisfeet pushing against the wall opposite the door. I remember that as soon as we sat down, the windows broke. Glass blew under the door, and the sound was tremendous.I know it really didn’t take too long for the tornado to go past, but I do remember the conversation we had in the process. I could feel the cool air rushing under the floor through the crawlspace vents. I asked if we were flying. He said he wasn't sure, but he didn't think we were. He said the house was tearing apart. I asked him how he knew. He said he just knew it was.When things calmed down, we opened the door. The odd feeling I had, looking up the street from inside what once was my hallway, is still with me today.I think back often to that day. I think back and wonder what would have happened if my Dad hadn't been sick that day. Like a lot of kids, I stayed home by myself after school back then. I seriously doubt I would be able to tell you my story, if I had been alone that day. I still live in Xenia and wouldn’t trade this town for any other.Task 10【原文】Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the harshest places for human existence. It is cool in summer but freezing cold in winter. In Lhasa, the mildest city temperature may exceed 29C in summer while plummeting to -16C in winter! Sun radiation is extremely strong in Tibet. The sunlight in Lhasa is so intense that the city is called Sunlight City. The thin air can neither block off nor retain heat so that the temperature extremes can be met in daytime and the same night respectively in Tibet. However it is not impossible to visit the holy snow land. April to October is the best time to visit Tibet, out of the coldest months, which are from December to February usually. The average temperature in north Tibet is subzero and winter arrives in October until the following May or June. July and August are the best time to visit the area, enjoying warm temperature, intense sunshine, beautiful scenery and festive events. May, June and September is the tourist season in east Tibet. In winter, roads are all blocked by heavy snow. Landslides and rock falls frequently occur, which will make travel difficult.。

Unit 2Task 1:【答案】June 5th，the United Nations，1972，world leaders and citizens how to protect the environment，San Francisco, California，"Plan the Planet"，"Green Cities"，most people now live，more than 75 percent，the former vice president，music concerts，parades，tree plantings，representatives from many environmental organizations【原文】Every year on June fifth many countries celebrate World Environment Day. The United Nations established this special day in nineteen seventy-two to get people to think about taking care of the planet. Faith Lapidus tells us more.“Public events for World Environment Day are taking place from June first through June fifth. The events and conferences help teach world leaders and citizens how to protect the environment.“Every ye ar World Environment Day is celebrated in a different city. This year it is being held in San Francisco, California. This is the first time since the beginning of World Environment Day that the conference is being held in the United States. The main message of World Environment Day this year is ‘Plan for the Planet’. The events and conferences will show how to have ‘Green Cities’. This means that people will talk about ways that cities can have healthy environments.“Most people in the world live in cities. This makes them especially important areas of environmental concern. Cities use more than seventy-five percent of the world's natural resources such as water and gasoline. World Environment Day will center on how people in cities can work together to help save the planet.“San Francisco is holding public talks to discuss pollution reduction, clean energy sources and the importance of healthy parks and gardens. Special experts are among the speakers. For example, former vice-president Al Gore will talk about climate change. There also are fun events such as music concerts, movies, art shows, parades, bicycle rides and tree plantings. Local farmers and restaurant owners will serve food that has been naturally grown.“The Mayor of San Francisco, Gavin Newsom, invited city leaders from all over the worldto attend this conference and share ideas. Representatives from many environmental organizations also are attending. The United Nations hopes to create an international agreement that countries and citizens wil l follow to help improve the Earth's environment.”Task 2:【答案】A.1) d2) a3) b4) cB.1) Occupational noise2) Aircraft noise3) Traffic noise【原文】The sense of sound is one of our most important means of knowing what is going on around us. Sound has a wasted product, too, in the form of noise. Noise has been called unwanted sound. Noise is growing and it may get much worse before it gets and better.Scientists, for several years, have been studying how noise affects people and animals. They are surprised by what they have learned. Peace and quiet are becoming harder to find. Noise pollution—the crashing, squeaking, banging, hammering of people—is no joke. It is a threat that should be looked at carefully. Sound is measured in units called “decibels”.At a level of 140 decibels people feel pain in their ears.Automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, airplanes, boats, factories, bands—all these things make noise. They bother not only our ears, but our minds and bodies as well. There is a saying about it being so noisy that you can’t hear yourself think. Doctors who study noise believe that we must sometimes hear ourselves think. If we don’t we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even worse mental problems. Noise adds more tension to society that already faces enough stress. But noise is not a new problem. In ancient Rome, people complained so much about noise that the government stopped chariots from moving through the streets at night!Noise can be separated into a few general groups. The following examples are taken from hearings before the US Senate Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution in 1970.Occupational noise—Factory workers who always hear noise have poorer hearing than other groups.Aircraft noise—Around airports or on air routes the noise of airplanes taking off and landing causes the greatest complaints.Traffic noise—Away from the noise of planes, traffic sounds break in on our peace and quiet. Trucks and motorcycles cause the most problems.Task 3:【答案】1) F2) F3) T4) F5) T6) F7) F8) T9) T【原文】We usually think of pollution as a harmful waste substance that threatens the air and water. But some people have become concerned about another kind of pollution. It can be everywhere, depending on the time of day. And it was not thought of as a substance. It is light.The idea of light pollution has developed with the increase of lights in cities. In many areas, this light makes it difficult or impossible to observe stars and in the night sky. In 1998, the International Dark-Sky Association formed. This organization wants to reduce light pollution in the night sky. It also urges the effective use of electric lighting.There are a number of reasons why light pollution is important. One has become clear at the Mount Wilson near Los Angeles, California. Mount Wilson Observatory was home to the largest telescopes in the world during the first half of 1900.During that period, Los Angeles grew to become one of America's biggest cities.Today, light from Los Angeles makes the night sky above Mount Wilson very bright. It is no longer an important research center because of light pollution.Light pollution threatens to reduce the scientific value of research telescopes in other important observatories. They include Lick Observatory near San Jose, California and Yerkes Observatory near Chicago, Illinois.Light pollution is the result of wasted energy. Bright light shining into the sky is not being used to provide light where it is needed on Earth. Poorly designed lighting causes a great deal of light pollution. Lights that are brighter than necessary also cause light pollution.Recently, two Italian astronomers and an American environmental scientist created a world map of the night sky. The map shows that North America, Western Europe and Japan have the greatest amount of light pollution.Most people in America are surprised to find out that they are able to see our own galaxy, the Milky Way, with their own eyes. But about three fourths of Americans cannot see the Milky Way because of man-made light.Objects in the night sky are resources that provide everyone with wonder. And light pollution threatens to prevent those wonderful sights from being seen.Task 4:【答案】A.Israel and Jordan，365，the lowest point，saltiest，are important to Jews, Christians and Muslims，Minerals，The strange beauty of the seaB.Purpose of the project: To help save the Dead Sea from shrinking.Countries to initiate the project: Israel and Jordan.Cause of the shrinking: Water that used to flow from the Jordan River into the Dead Sea has beenredirected for other uses in the area.Specific measures: A pipeline of more than 300 kilometers long will be built to pump water from the Red Sea through both countries into the Dead Sea.Duration of the project: At least three years.Cost of the project: 1,000 million dollars.Message sent by this project: The environment, ecology and nature are more important thanborders or political conflicts.C.1) T2) T【原文】Israel and Jordan recently announced that they would work together to help save the Dead Sea from shrinking. Government officials said the joint project would help the sea, protect the area's unusual wildlife and increase the number of visitors to the area. The announcement was made during the United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development earlier this month in Johannesburg, South Africa.The Dead Sea is on the border between Israel and Jordan. It is 365 meters below sea level. That is the lowest point on Earth. The Dead Sea is the saltiest large body of water in the world.The area around the Dead Sea has ancient places that are important to Jews, Christians and Muslims. Minerals in the Dead Sea are used for health treatments. The strange beauty of the sea brings many visitors to the area.But the Dead Sea is shrinking by almost one meter each year. Most of the water that flows into the Dead Sea comes from the Jordan River. However, water flowing from the Jordan River has been redirected for other uses in the area. Officials say within the next 50 years, the Dead Sea could shrink to less than half of its current size.To prevent that, Israel and Jordan plan to build a pipeline more than 300 kilometers long. The pipeline would pump water from the Red Sea through both countries into the Dead Sea. After the pipeline is built, the officials hope to build a canal and a salt removal System that will provide fresh water to Jordanians, Israelis and Palestinians.The pipeline will take at least three years to build. The project will cost as much as 1,000 million dollars. Israel and Jordan hope to pay for it with help from other countries. The project is expected to begin after a nine-month study is completed.Israel and Jordan had hoped to cooperate closely on a number of issues after they signed a peace agreement in 1994. However, tensions have increased between them since the current Palestinian uprising began two years ago.Officials from Israel and Jordan described the water project as a major step forward. Experts say the agreement sends a message that the environment, ecology and nature are more important than borders or political conflicts.Task 5:【答案】A.1) 27 percent, higher ocean temperatures，activities by people，60 percent2) developing countries，off the coast of northeastern Australia，off the Philippines，the Caribbean islands，South AmericaB.Coral reefs support many kinds of sea life.Coral reefs also protect coastal communities in storms.Coral reefs support fishing activities and protect inland waterways.Coral reefs also have become popular stops for travelers.Corals are even important for medical research.C.1) F2) T3) T【原文】Environmental experts are concerned about the world's coral reefs. A recent study found that twenty-seven percent of all coral reef systems have been destroyed. Experts believe higher ocean temperatures and activities by people are to blame. The study warns that sixty percent of the reef systems could be permanently lost if nothing is done to stop the problem.Corals are groups of small organisms called polyps. These polyps live within a skeleton made of a substance called limestone.Corals are found in warm waters. Millions of corals grow together to form coral reefs. Coral reefs are some of the oldest natural systems in the world. The reefs support many kinds of sea life. They can be to important to local and national economies. The reefs also protect coastal communities in storms.The World Wildlife Fund paid for the independent report. The group warns that the destruction of coral reefs will result in severe losses to the world economy. Peter Bryant works with the Endangered Seas Program of the World Wildlife Fund. Mister Bryant notes that most of the reef systems are in developing countries. He says the presence of coral reefs produces money for many economies.Coral reefs support fishing activities and protect inland waterways. They also have become popular stops for travelers. Many people like to swim underwater to see coral reefs. Mister Bryant estimates that the world's coral reefs are worth thirty-thousand-million dollars a year.The largest in the world is the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of northeastern Australia. Coral reefs also are found in waters off the Philippines, Indonesia, the Caribbean islands, the United States and South America.Corals are even important for medical research. Mister Bryant says more than half of all new cancer drug studies involve sea creatures. For example, he notes there is a reef in the Caribbean with organisms that form the basis of the AIDS drug A-Z-T.The World Wildlife Fund say coral reefs should be declared protected areas. That way, human activities could be more closely supervised. The group says governments must take responsibility for the future of their coastal communities.Task 6:【答案】A.The group claims responsibility for hundreds of acts of destruction in the United States in the past five years, with the destruction estimated at more than 30 million dollars. Since 1996, members of the group have claimed to have damaged or burned hundreds of new homes, tree- cutting companies, federal offices and animal and plant research laboratories. They say their goal is to stop development and other activities they consider harmful to nature. They say their property attacks are aimed at industry and rich people who profit from the destruction of the natural environment. The Earth Liberation Front says it will use any direct action necessary to carry out its goals. But it says it is opposed to harming animals or humans. Traditional environmental groups in the United States reject the group's methods.1) a 17-year-old student，the state of New York，cooperate with officials investigating the Earth Liberation Front2) environmental extremists，the group usually leaves very little evidence behind【原文】For years, American law enforcement officials have been trying to solve a series of environmental crimes. The crimes are linked to a group known as the Earth Liberation Front. The group claims responsibility for hundreds of acts of destruction in the United States during the past five years. The destruction has caused more than thirty million dollars worth of damage.Federal investigators say they are finally closer to solving the crimes. Recently, a seventeen-year-old student reportedly admitted setting a series of fires in the state of New York. He was charged in connection with acts of damage believed to be carried out by the Earth Liberation Front. The student is the son of a New York City police officer. He reportedly made the admission during a secret court hearing. As part of a deal, the student agreed to cooperate with officials investigating the Earth Liberation Front. He could face up to twenty years in prison.This is the first time that a member of the group has admitted being responsible for environmental crimes linked to the Earth Liberation Front. Three other suspects in the property attacks were negotiating with federal officials.Since Nineteen-Ninety-Six, members of the group have claimed to have damaged or burned hundreds of new homes, tree-cutting companies, federal offices and animal and plant research laboratories. They say their goal is to stop development and other activities they consider harmful to nature. They say their property attacks are aimed at industry and rich people who profit from the destruction of the natural environment.The Earth Liberation Front says it will use any direct action necessary to carry out its goals. But it says it is opposed to harming animals or humans. Traditional environmental groups in the United States reject the group's methods.The Earth Liberation Front includes environmental extremists who operate independently of each other. Federal investigators say their lack of structure has made them difficult to stop. And they say the group usually leaves very little evidence behind.A few weeks ago, the group claimed responsibility for burning several new homes in Mount Sinai, New York. It has also claimed responsibility for destructive acts in Colorado, Arizona, Oregon and Wisconsin.Task 7:【答案】A.renewable energy，the next ten years，1 percent，1,500 megawatts，past 20 years，38 cents，3 cents，a 90 percent drop，government supportB.A number of people who live on or visit the Cape say Cape Cod is a national treasure should not be open to industry. They argue that building the windmills would hurt fish and birds in the area, and it would hurt tourism. They say the windmills will ruin the beauty of looking out to sea from the coast.C.2) F【原文】A study says wind power will lead the growth in the use of renewable energy in the United States and Canada over the next ten years. Renewable energy also includes forms like power from the sun. Navigant Consulting in the United States carried out the study. Energy companies helped pay for much of the research.The use of wind energy has grown in the United States, but remains less than one percent of all the energy produced.Lisa Frantzis led the study. She says the researchers expect additions of as much asone-thousand-five-hundred megawatts from wind power projects each year. That is about equal to the energy production of one nuclear power station.The study says there have been major improvements in the performance of all renewable energy technologies in the past twenty years. For example, the study reports a ninety percent drop in the price of electricity produced from wind. In the nineteen-eighties a kilowatt hour of wind power cost about thirty-eight cents. Now, a kilowatt hour is closer to three cents.The study found that government support must continue and grow to permit renewable energies to compete in the power industry.However, some renewable energy companies face criticism. In fact, wind energy producers usually have to deal with opposition from communities they try to enter.Currently, a wind energy company is trying to set up business in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in the northeastern United States. The Cape Wind company wants to place more than one-hundred windmills in nearby waters. The windmills are hundreds of meters tall. Cape Wind says the project could provide Cape Cod with seventy-five percent of its electricity needs. And, it would not create pollution.But, a number of people who live on or visit the Cape say they do not want the windmills. They say Cape Cod is a national treasure that should not be open to industry. They argue that building the windmills would hurt fish and birds in the area. And, they say it would hurt tourism. They say the windmills will ruin the beauty of looking out to sea from the coast.Environmental groups, however, look at the situation differently. They ague that a source of energy that does not cause pollution would protect natural environments like Cape Cod.Task 8:【答案】A.1) For him, pollution is the way environment is being misused, the actions which consume theenvironment, like the overuse of artificial fertilizers and over-cropping in developing agriculture. And the harmful substances like the waste from motor cars and factories are less important.2) They see pollution as a social problem, and the root cause of pollution is the way we organize our society and the incredible waste of resources.B.1) Housewives can avoid buying things that they don't need.2) They can also cut down on the amount of packaging and try not to buy dyed toilet paper to reduce water pollution.3) People can avoid buying drinks in non-returnable bottles.4) They can reduce consumption by making their own food instead of buying it.【原文】Matthew: Christopher, most countries now appear to become increasingly concerned with the issue of pollution and its control. How do you see this problem?Christopher: What I see as pollution is the way the environment is being mishandled. Um...obviously there are certain waste products which are vomited out of motor cars orout of factories, either into the sea or into the river ways and so on. But, you know,they are what people say is pollution. More important things, I think, in terms ofpollution, are the way that the environment in general is being misused. Things likeagriculture, where artificial fertilizers and over-cropping and so on literallyconsume the environment. It is all picked up, collected, and transported from theland in terms of food or fibers and then ends tip in the sea at some stage, eitherthrough sewage or through waste products. I think that they are probably moresignificant.Matthew: Right. Michael, can you tell me though whether.., urn.., as I get the feeling, this is a problem which has been blown up by the media, because people wish to avoidsome of the more difficult problems to do with being a consumer society,...and, in asensei trying to solve many aspects of the pollution problem is rather a sort ofcleaning up process without getting to the root of the problem?Michael: Well, pollution is a symptom really rather than the cause.Matthew: Mmm.Michael: But of itself it does produce many quite serious results. In fact we do not really know what the long-term effects of many pollutants are going to be, but mostforms of pollution can be solved.., urn.., fairly easily and usually by technicalmeans. Now the difficulty with other environmental problems is that many ofthem have no technical solution and this is where the difference arises betweenthose who are advocating technical solutions to problems which they see almostpurely in terms of pollution and those who see the real problems of society as awhole, the way we organize it, the incredible waste of resources that is endemic inthis society.Matthew: This seems a very complex problem. Jane, how can individuals of the public, housewives, children at school, anyone.., help to prevent pollution?Jane: Well, I think there are lots of things people can do in the home or at school or in the office. Mm... when it comes to tackling the problems on a major basis, I meanit's question of continual lobbying and pressuring, writing to newspapers, etc. ButI think there are many things that people.., particularly housewives can do in thehouse, like urn.., for instance, just not buying things that have no use after thepackage has been opened,.., um... to really make a note of the sort of stuff thatgoes into the rubbish bin, that's very, very important; you can cut down on theamount of packaging.., on the amount of, for instance, water pollution like buyingum... toilet paper that's dyed... um.., and all this sort of thing that people can cutdown on. You can make a greater .effort not to buy drinks in non-returnablebottles; to make your own food, such as jams and drinks which are quite easy todo, rather than just going out and buying and consuming more and more. And ifyou put this into practice in all walks of life, in the home and at school and in theoffice, this is a very, very good, major contribution to helping solve some of themore immediate problems of pollution.Matthew: So in a sense, perhaps you are saying that it's the way we consume things that is creating pollution, by the litter they cause or perhaps by the fact that we use somuch oil, and therefore there will be a number of oil tankers on the sea, and thatmeans there will be accidents and oil spillage and so on, so that we have to stopconsuming, is it...or...?Jane: I think that is a very big part of it actually... Certainly, you know, when you get down to the more technical sides of pollution, of atmospheric pollution caused bycertain industrial processes, there's not a great deal that an individual can do otherthan cause a fuss about it, which I hope most people, you know, would considerdoing. But certainly on a day by day household basis, much of the problems ofpollution are certainly caused by either just complete thoughtlessness and wasteor by problems of overconsuming natural resources. And in all the products thatarrive at the housewife's table, the more refined and pre-packed and disposable itis, the more pollution it will have caused in its manufacture and it's likely to causein its disposalTask 9:【答案】I. Energy transition (definition)A change of one major resource of energy to another.II. First energy transition: From wood to coalA. Wood as major fuel1. Usages: Heat homes, cook food, and produce basic items.2. Major advantages: It was cheap and easy to get and easy to burn.B. Coal as major fuel1. Advantages over wood:a. It burns for a long time.b. It burns at a higher temperature.2. Good effects on many Western countries in the 1800s and the early 1900s:a. The industry developed.b. People lived a better life.3. Disadvantages revealed after 50 years of use:a. Air pollution.b. High costs, because it is not renewable.III. Second energy transition: From coal to petroleumA. Apparent advantages over the previous fuel:1. It was cheap.2. It was easy to get.3. The supply around the world seemed to be large.B. Reasons for people to favor the new resource:1. People's need for a better life.2. Industrial development: The introduction of the internal combustion engine neededliquid fuel.C. Good effects on people's lives;It allowed people to travel by car, to heat their homes more efficiently, to buy a greater variety of things, and to purchase more things at lower prices.D. Disadvantages disclosed after 50 years of use:1. As a fossil fuel, it is not renewable.2. The price goes up.3. It causes environmental pollution.IV. ConclusionA. The pattern in the previous energy transitions:1. The transition is made in order to improve the quality of people's lives.2. A new energy resource seems to have more advantages than the old energy source, andfewer disadvantages.B. The third energy transition:1. Time: The late 20th century and early 21st century.2. The important things to consider: The effects of this energy transition and theadvantages and the disadvantages of the new fuel.【原文】Most industrialized nations have gone through two major energy transitions, and some nations are now making a third major energy transition. By energy transition we mean a change of one major resource of energy to another.The first major energy transition was from wood to coal. For many centuries people used wood as a primary source of energy. By burning wood people were able to heat their homes, cook their food, and produce basic items. By using wood societies were able to support themselves and take care of their needs. Most early societies grew up near a sufficient supply of wood. The main advantage of wood was that it was cheap and easy to get and easy to bum.During the early 1800s, probably around the year 1820, some towns and villages began to make transition from wood to coal as the basic source of energy. About that time, people thought that coal would have more advantages than wood. Wood is a renewable fuel, which means that it grows back. This is, an advantage. But most wood is not as efficient a source of energy as coal. Most wood doesn't burn for very long, and most wood doesn't burn at very high temperatures.It was found that coal could generally burn longer than wood. And it burned at a higher temperature. These were good points for industry because early in the 1800s industry began todevelop very rapidly and a long-burning and hot-burning fuel was needed for the machines that were being used.Coal seemed to have another advantage. There was a lot of it, and it was easy to get. By digging just below the surface of the ground and by using simple tools, coal could be taken from the ground easily. In the 1800s transportation became more developed too, so coal could be shipped to faraway places. It was no longer necessary to live near a source of energy.Coal was used as a primary source of energy in many Western countries in the 1800s and the early 1900s. The transition from wood to coal seemed to have an overall effect. Industry developed. People were able to get more things, they were able to build bigger homes, and they were able to spend less time making what they needed for their daily lives. Most people would say that, in general, people's standard of living went up. People seemed to have lived a better life.After 50 years of using coal some disadvantages seemed obvious. One disadvantage was air pollution. Industrial centers of the early 1900s were often covered with a thick layer of smoke. Using coal was seen as somewhat unsafe and unhealthy.Another disadvantage of using coal was its rising costs. As more coal was used, it became harder to get. It became necessary to dig farther down in the ground in order to get the coal. Because coal was more difficult to get, the cost went up. And coal is a fossil fuel. It comes from under the ground. It doesn't renew itself. When it's gone, it's gone.At about the same time some of the disadvantages of coal became clear, petroleum began to reach the market. Petroleum became attractive because it was cheap and easy to get. Most people didn't know of any disadvantages in using petroleum.So the second transition was made—from coal to petroleum.The reason for changing from coal to petroleum was that people thought that their standard of living would be better. They thought their lives would be better by changing to this new energy source. And, once again, the change was connected to developments in industry.In the early 1900s, the internal combustion engine—the kind of engine used in most automobiles-was developed. An internal combustion engine needs liquid fuel. Petroleum was an excellent liquid fuel. It was fairly cheap and easy to get, and the supply around the world seemed to be quite large. In addition, other machinery was developed that used petroleum, so gradually, many industrialized societies changed over to petroleum.Using petroleum greatly affected people's lives. It allowed people to heat their homes more efficiently, to buy a greater variety of things, and to purchase more things at lower prices because production costs were reduced. And there was less visible pollution. So, in general, the transition from coal to petroleum seemed to be worthwhile.Of course, like using wood or coal, using petroleum has some disadvantages. And, as in the case of the change to coal, it's easier to see the disadvantages 50 years after the transition. One disadvantage of using petroleum is that it is a fossil fuel—it doesn't renew itself—so eventually—it will run out. There is a limited supply. And, as the supply decreases, the price goes higher.And, like burning wood or coal, burning petroleum also produces air pollution. This pollution isn't safe for people, particularly in industrial areas and in big cities.So, if we look at these energy transitions—first, from wood to coal, and then from coal to petroleum, we see a simple pattern. The transition is made in order to improve the quality of people's lives. And the transition is made because a new energy resource seems to have more advantages than the old energy source, and fewer disadvantages.。

WORD格式整理版新视野大学英语听说教程2（第二版）听力原文及答案1-10全Unit 1一.short conversations12345678910二．long conversation三．passageUnit2一.short conversations 12345678910二long conversation三passageUnit 3一、short conversations 12345678910二long conversation三passageUnit 4一．short conversations 12345678910二long conversation三passageUnit 5一short conversations 12345678910二long conversation三passageUnit 6一．short conversations 12345678910二long conversation三passageUnit 7一．short conversations 12345678910二long conversation三passageUnit 8一．short conversations 12345678910二long conversation三passageUnit 9一.short conversations二long conversation三passageUnit 10一.short conversations二long conversation三passage新视野大学英语听说教程【第二版】第二册答案Unit 1 International Clock TalkShort Conversations1.B2.D3.C4.D5.C6.C7.B8.B9.A 10.CLong Conversation1.D2.D3.A4.B5.CUnderstanding a Passage1.C2.D3.B4.C5.BMovie Speech1.upset2.sickw4.harmless5.break6.replaced7.memories8.natural9.birthday 10.appreciateStory-retelling1. Sit quietly and listen to him2. A blank stare3. Put it a different way4. speak up in class5. In turn/ a great deal ofHomework ListeningTask 1 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.BTask 2 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.CTask 31.the age, size and future2.seventy years ago3.increase with distancete that month5.a light year6.distances in space7.other measurements 8.support the idea9.slow down and break up 10.or possibly even olderUnit 2 All that Glitters Is Olympic GoldShort Conversations1.B2.B3.C4.C5.C6.A7.A8.A9.C 10.ALong Conversation1.D2.B3.C4.D5.DUnderstanding a Passage1.C2.B3.C4.D5.DMovie Speech1.training2.touch3.understand4.appreciate5.trouble6.fighting7.three8.honest9.cry 10.borrowHomework ListeningTask 1 1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.ATask 2 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.DTask 31.on the ball2.did something unexpected3.at the job or activity4.hit it out of the park5.think it over6.is very successfulplete a job or activity 8.did something wrong9.how much it is worth 10.close to my selling priceUnit 3 Pros and Cons of mixed MarriagesShort Conversations1.D2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.D8.B9. A 10.BLong Conversation1.A2.B3.D4.D5.AUnderstanding a Passage1.B2.D3.D4.A5.BMovie Dialog1.night2.definitely3.love4.wise5.My wife6.267.died8.youngest9.goes by 10.gotten oldListening and Speaking1.physically OK2.To the kitchen3.a bowl of ice cream4.I don’t need to write it down5. a plate of bacon and eggsSupplementary ListeningTask 1 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.DTask 2 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.ATask 31.they care about2.performed marriages .3.wait longer to get married4.bring people together5.plan a blind date6.follow their cultural traditions7.meant for the other 8.establishing a relationship9.improve their chances 10.meet someone over the InternetUnit 4 A Hunk of Burning LoveShort Conversations1.D2.B3.C4.A5.B6.D7.A8.C9.C 10.BLong Conversation1.B2.A3.C4.D5.BUnderstanding a Passage1.C2.B3.D4.B5.AMovie Speech1.certain2.occasionallye along4.receiving5.delight6.gathering7.natural8.special9.welcoming 10.reminding Homework ListeningTask 1 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.BTask 2 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.BTask 31.answer a question2.to be admitted3.copies of all school records4.the results of the TOFEL5.minimum acceptable TOFEL score6.additional English training7.conditionally accept students 8.taking regular class9.provides more information 10.successfully pass classesUnit 5 Enough of worries and tearsShort Conversations1.C2.D3.A4.C5.A6.B7.D8.D9.D 10.CLong Conversation1.B2.D3.A4.D5.AUnderstanding a Passage1.D2.C3.B4.A5.CMovie Speech1.everything the light touches2.rises and falls3.will rise with you4.shadowy place5.never go there6.getting your way7.exists together 8.respect all creatures 9.let me explain10. in the great circle of lifeHomework ListeningTask 1 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.CTask 2 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.BTask 31.one million new cases2.have increased3.drug treatments4.gathered results5.145,0006.before it has spread7.from coming back 8.reduce by half 9.within 15 years10.middle-aged womenUnit 6 What’s in a name?Warming up1.T2.F3.TShort conversations1.B2.A3.D4.B5.B6.C7.C8.A9.B 10.CLong conversation1.A2.D3.D4.C5.BPassage1.C2.A3.B4.C5.DMovie dialog1.important decisions2.As in3.agreed on4.What’s wrong with5.I mean6.wait a minute7.what a challenge 8.what he’s doing? 9.gets his way10.ever imaginedHomeworkTask 1 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.CTask 2 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.DTask 31.federal governmentcation reform law3.be forced to4.place top importance on5.calls for6.main goal7.by 40 percent 8.low-income and minority9.poorly performing students 10.free after-school helpUnit 7 Relax or DieShort Conversations1.B2.C3.B4.A5.A6.D7.B8.C9. D 10.CLong Conversation1.D2.C3.B4.A5.BUnderstanding a Passage1.C2.C3.D4.D5.BMovie Speech1.flight2.heartbroken3.tries realhard4.witnessing a miraclepletely6.marriage7.special occasions 8.sacrifices 9.dream10.chooseHomework ListeningTask 1 1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.ATask 2 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.DTask 31.severe mental health2.published the findings3.examined the results4.gathered the information5.learn what treatment6.nervous anxiety7.illegal drugs 8.less likely to admit9.with serious disorders 10.prevent many serious cases laterUnit 8 Life Outside of WorkShort Conversations1.B2.A3.C4.D5.D6.D7.C8.B9. A 10.BLong Conversation1.B2.A3.D4.A5.CUnderstanding a Passage1.B2.C3.C4.A5.BMovie Speech1.the light had gone2.should remember3.don’t go the right way4.when we suffer defeat5.you’re really tested6.on the highestmountain7.served this government and this country 8.always give your best9.high hopes and good spirits 10. in our heartsHomework ListeningTask 1 1.C 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.BTask 2 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.CTask 31.how much they expect to learn2.dishonest reporting3.are charged with4.under pressure5.include a warning6.should not be held responsible7.have influenced that decision 8.no reason to stop9.estimate earnings 10.to hide bad newsUnit 9 Only Losers QuitShort Conversations1C 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.CLong Conversation1.B2.D3.A4.C5.CUnderstanding a Passage1.B2.D3.C4.C5.BMovie Speeche on in2.sweetheart3.a part of life4.your own destiny5.God gave you6.figure that out7.a box of chocolates 8.explaining 9.had got the cancer10.with little flowers on itHomework ListeningTask 1 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.BTask 2 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.ATask 31.develop a plan2.reduce cancer rates3.cancer prevention and control4.a leading cause of death5.on the rise6.cancer-producing chemicals7.aging populations 8.most common forms,9.more action is needed 10.early cancer testingUnit 10 The Tragedy of WarWarming up1.F2.F3.TShort Conversations1.D2.B3.B4.D5.C6.C7.A8.B9.C 10.ALong Conversation1.D2.C3.A4.B5.DUnderstanding a Passage1.B2.C3.D4.D5.AMovie Speech1.guarded2.a greater responsibility3.Marines4.probably saved lives5.existence6.parties7. honor 8.spent defending something 9.freedom10.OtherwaiseListening and Discussion1. A Japanese pen friend.2. He had always criticized the nuclear attacks.3. Around 140,000 people.4. Open-ended.5. Open-ended.Homework ListeningTask 1 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.BTask 2 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.ATask 31.monthly payments2.more money than3.is expected to4.be out of money5.born out of6.pay for itself7.start with 8.survived the death9.for the poor 10.all federal workers。

《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit 2Unit 2Task 1【答案】1) b 2) a 3) d【原文】Texas was the biggest state before Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959. One good way to understand the size of Texas is to learn about its weather. Different parts of the state have very different kinds of weather.Laredo is one of the hottest cities in the United States in summer. The best time to visit Laredo is in winter, when it is pleasantly warm.Amarillo gets very cold in winter. Sometimes there is more snow in Amarillo than in New York, which is a northern city. Summers are better, but sometimes it gets quite hot. The best time to visit Amarillo is in the autumn when it is cool.If anyone asks you about the weather in Texas, ask him, “What part of Texas do you mean？”Task 2【答案】A.1)T 2) F 3) FB.1) d 2) c 3) cC.climate, reputation, extraordinary, unreliable, dry, wet, clear, dull, hot, cold, bad, mild【原文】Our friend, Nick, whose English gets better and better, declared solemnly the other day that he thought that the British climate was wonderful, but the British weather was terrible. He went on to explain by pointing out that the British climate was a temperate one. This meant, he said, "that you could always be certain that the weather would never be extreme — at any rate not for any length of time — never very hot and never very cold." He quite rightly pointed out that the rainfall in Britain, according to the statistics, was not very heavy. "Why then," he asked, "has the British climate such a bad reputation?" He answered by saying it was because of the extraordinary, unreliable weather. There was no part of the year at which you could be certain that the weather would be dry or wet, clear or dull, hot or cold. A bad day in July could be as cold as a mild day in January. Indeed you could feel cold at almost any time of the year. Nick blamed drafty British houses for this, but agreed you could also blame the small amount of sunshine and a great amount of dampness. He advised every student coming to Britain to bring an umbrella and to understand the meaning of that splendid word "drizzle".Task 3【答案】I.the country; Trees, grass, lakes and steamsII.A.1. concrete, iron, steel2. take in the heat during the day and throw off heat into the air at nightB. Warmer winters, car engines; electrical applianceⅢ.A. air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earthB.1. Ice near the North and South poles to melt2. to be slowly flooded and people living in these cities to move to higher land【原文】Cities change the climate around you. In the country, there are trees, grass, lakes, and streams. In hot weather, the trees and grass cool the area around them. Lakes and rivers also cool the area around them.But cities are not cooled in these natural ways. Cities are built of asphalt, concrete, iron, and steel. There are few trees and usually not much grass. Rain falls onto the streets and into the sewers.When the summer sun shines, streets and buildings take in the heat; after the sun sets, the streets and buildings throw off heat into the street. Once the sun sets, the countryside cools off, but a city may stay hot all night.Cities are hotter than the countryside in winter, too. Standing near a car with its motor running, winter or summer, you will feel the heat thrown off by the engine. The heat comes from the gasoline burned by the engine. This heat warms the air and the ground around the car. Thousands of running cars are almost like thousands of small fires burning.Carefully put your hand near a light bulb or television set. As you can see, electricity creates a lot of heat. This heat from electricity warms the house and the outside air.The heat given off by cities can affect the climate. Some experts even believe that cities can change the climate of the whole world. They think that air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earth. If less sunshine reaches the earth, the earth may become cooler.Still other experts think the world will get warmer. If the world did get warmer, great changes would occur. Ice near the North and South poles would melt. This would make the oceans rise. Cities near oceans — like Los Angeles, Boston, and Miami — would slowly be flooded. People living in these cities would have to move to higher land.Task 4【答案】A.1) b 2) cB. night, delight; morning, warning; gray, way, red, headC.1) F 2) T 3) F【原文】A red sky at either dusk or dawn is one of the spectacular and beautiful weather predictors we have in nature. By closely observing this phenomenon, you can achieve short-range accuracy of the weather as good as, or better than your local weatherman. In the Bible, Jesus in Matthew 16, 2-3 is quoted as saying, “When it is evening, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red. And in the morning it will be foul weather today: for the sky is red” when speaking to the Pharisees. An old English weather proverb based on this passage is:Red sky at night, sailors delight.Red sky at morning, sailors take warning.OrEvening red and morning gray,Sends the traveler on his way.Evening gray, morning red,Brings the rain down on his head.At dusk, a red sky indicates that dry weather is on the way. This is due to the sun shining through dust particles being pushed ahead of a high pressure system bringing in dry air. A red sky in the morning is due to the sun again shining through dust. In this case however, the dust is being pushed on by an approaching low reassure system bringing in moisture. Don't confuse a red sky in the morning with a red sun in the morning. If the sun itself is red and the sky is a normal color, the day will be fair.Task 5【答案】1) c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c【原文】Mark: I am an avid fly fisherman and frequently find myself on the river in a raft during lightning storms. We always have a debate at these times on where weare safest — pulling into shore or staying on the water. Since I have heard oneis safe in a car when lightning strikes I wonder if the raft floating on the wateris insulated, and therefore the safest place to be.Meteorologist A: We spoke with some scientists about your question, and they all agreed that under no circumstances should you remain on the water during a lightningstorm. If your raft is made of rubber, you might feel that you're .well insulated,but don't kid yourself. Typical lightning flashes travel 10 to 15 kilometers andcan deliver as much as 100,000 amps of current. In comparison, a toaster usesabout 10 amps of current. If lightning strikes the water near you, it will have notrouble traveling through a few extra centimeters of rubber.Meteorologist B: So, if you're on the water and a thunderstorm approaches, get to the shore and seek shelter on land. Try a building or car. If neither is available, look for a cave,cliff, wall, or a group of trees. Never take shelter under an isolated tree-it's also agood target for lightning.Task 6【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) TB.Incredible, one minute, one kilometer, destroyed, lifted up, carried away, killed, injured【原文】Every spring and summer many inland areas are hit by tornados. A tornado is a kind of storm. It's a revolving, funnel-shaped column of air that moves through the sky at very high speeds. A tornado looks like a huge, black ice cream cone whirling through the sky. The speed of a tornado is very fast-it is believed to be between 200 and 700 kilometers per hour.Tornados form under very special weather conditions, and these special weather conditions occur most often in inland areas, such as the central United States. A tornado forms when a layer of warm, dry air is on top of a layer of cooler, moist air. This combination of dry, warm air above wet, cool air creates a condition that causes the lower layer of air to lift up. As the lower air rises, both layers of air begin to rotate, to turn around and around. The air begins to rotate faster and faster because of centrifugal force. The tornado has a center called an “eye” and the air rotates quickly around this eye.As the air begins to rotate faster and faster, the tornado cloud begins to grow downward; that is, it begins to form a funnel or cone, and this cone goes down toward the ground.The cone of air is dark because it develops from a dark rain cloud. As the cloud gets longer, as the cloud gets closer to the ground, it begins to pull up dirt from the ground. Then the funnel of rotating air becomes very dark because of the dirt in it. As the tornado funnel gets longer, it begins to drag along the ground.When the tornado touches the ground, it does incredible damage. It usually touches the ground for only about one minute, and it usually travels along the ground for only about one kilometer, but during that one minute, buildings are destroyed, trees are lifted up out of the ground, small objects are carried away, and sometimes people are injured or killed.Task 7【答案】A.1) b 2) a 3) bB.1) It has been nice weather during the day, but it is going to change at night.2) Fine weather in southern Europe and not so nice in northern EuropeFor todaySoutheast England---26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoonSouthern Scotland---Maximum temperatures of around 21 degreesBrighton---15 hours of lovely sunshineMidlands---23 degrees Celsius by early afternoonNorthwest of Scotland---Light showers around middayFor the weekendSpain---34 degrees CelsiusGreece---32 degrees CelsiusFrance---Cloudy with rain, maximum temperatures of 22 degreesNorthern Ireland---Heavy rain, 17 degrees CelsiusMost of England---Cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods, 23 degrees Celsius【原文】Radio Announcer: You’re listening to Radio Metro. It’s two minutes to nine, and time for the latest weather for cast from Dan Francis at the London Weather Centre.Francis: Hello. It's been another warm and fine day for most of us. Temperatures in southeast England reached 26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoon, and Brighton had 15 hours of lovely sunshine. Further north it was a little cooler with maximum temperatures of around 21 degrees in southern Scotland, and in the far northwest of Scotland there were some light showers around midday. But the rest of the country, as I said, has been warm and dry with temperatures in theMidlands reaching 23 degrees Celsius by early afternoon though it was a little cooler along the west coast and in Northern Ireland. But already the weather is beginning to change, I'm afraid, and during the night showers will slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach south-west England and the southern coast of Wales by early morning.The rest of the country will have a very mild, dry night with minimum temperatures no lower than 15 degrees in the south, a little cooler — 11degrees or so — in the north. Any remaining showers in northwest Scotland will pass quickly to leave a mild, dry night there too.And now the outlook for Friday and the weekend. Well, southern Europe will, once again, get the best of the weekend weather, and if your holiday starts this weekend, then southern Spain is the place to go, with temperatures of 34 degrees along the Mediterranean coast. At the eastern end of the Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted sunshine and temperatures of up to 32 degrees Celsius in Greece and southeast Italy, but further north the weather's not so settled. Much of France, Belgium and the Netherlands will be cloudy with occasional rain, and maximum temperatures will be around 22 degrees — very disappointing for this time of the year.Scotland and Northern Ireland will have heavy rain for much of the weekend and temperatures will drop to a cool 17 degrees. Across most of England the weather will be cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods. And when the sun does come out, temperatures could rise to a maximum of 23 degrees.Task 8【原文】As the air pressure around you either rises or falls, many changes in nature occur. Most of these are very obvious changes while others are of a more subtle nature.Mountains and other far away objects will appear to be much closer and more sharply focused as wet weather approaches and the air pressure drops. The dust particles in the air begin to settle to the ground and the air clears, allowing you to see more details of faraway objects. As a high pressure front approaches and the air becomes “thicker,” more dust particles become suspended in air and things take on their normal somewhat hazy appearance.“Sharp horns on the moon threaten bad weather.” This and a bright, clear moon are good indicators that wet weather is on the way. As the air clears of dust particles ahead of a low pressuresystem, the moon appears to come closer and be more sharply focused due to the lack of dust.Sound also becomes sharper and more focused prior to stormy weather. Instead of traveling upward and outward into the atmosphere sound waves are bent back to the earth and their range extended. Bird calls sound sharper, and, at my house, we can hear the blowing of the train horn as it rumbles through the valley below.If you find yourself out in a marsh or swamp and the air really seems to stink more than normal, expect rainy weather. This happens when the pressure drops and the methane trapped on the bottom of the swamp is released in greater quantities. In reverse, as fair weather approaches and the pressure rises, things won't smell quite so strong.Birds and bats have a tendency to fly much lower to the ground right before a rain due to the “thinning” of the air. They prefer to fly where the air is the most dense and they can get greater lift with their wings. With high pressure and dry air, the atmosphere becomes denser and they can easily fly at higher altitudes.Smoke rising straight into the air means fair weather and smoke hanging low means rain is on the way. This is pretty much the same as with the birds and methane in the swamp. When high pressure approaches, smoke will rise whereas with low pressure it can't rise and tends to lay low.Remember a grandparent talking about how their corns, bunions, or joints ached right before a rain? Again, this is due to the decreasing atmospheric pressure allowing the gas in our bodies to expand.Task 9【答案】A. Statements 3, 6, 7 are true.B.f—c—a—d—b—eC.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) FD.1) d 2) b【原文】It was 1974. Richard Nixon was still president. Kidnapped heiress Patty Hearst was still missing. In Xenia, a pretty spot of 25,000 people amid fields of soybeans and corn, American Graffiti was held over at the Cinema. The Xenia Hotel offered a chicken and dumpling dinner for $2.25, but everyone flocked to the A&W drive-in for burgers and root beer floats. That's where five of the bodies were found after the storm.In all, 33 people died in Xenia's tornado, the deadliest of 148 storms that raged through 13 states during the infamous "Super Outbreak'' of tornadoes April 3 to 4, 1974. In 16 hours and 10 minutes, 330 people were killed and nearly 5,550 were injured from Illinois to Georgia.Though the Xenia death toll has been matched by other killer storms, the degree of devastation makes the city's tornado among U.S. history's most destructive. The storm still is studied in colleges by aspiring meteorologists, a textbook case of a rare Category F-5, the most intense of tornadoes.On that fateful day, I was a young boy of 8 years old. We lived in the Arrowhead Subdivision. That afternoon I was around the corner playing with some neighbor kids. I thought I could hear my father calling me, so I ran back to the house. Thinking back now, there is no way I would havebeen able to hear him. I was too far away for a voice to have traveled in the afternoon noise. Besides, Dad had a very bad case of tonsillitis that day. Like I was saying, I went back home and got through the door just in time to answer the ringing phone. On the other end of the phone was my Mother. Mom was working. She told me she heard a bad storm was on the way. She told me to make sure the garage door was shut and to stay inside. After I hung up the phone, I settled down to watch The Dennis Show. To this day I can vividly remember the electricity going out. I looked out the large window in the living room and didn't have a clue as to what I was looking at.Dad was asleep on the couch, so I woke him up to look. Dad looked and said to get into the bathroom. We sat on the floor. Dad had his back to the door and his feet pushing against the wall opposite the door. I remember that as soon as we sat down, the windows broke. Glass blew under the door, and the sound was tremendous. I know it really didn’t take too long for the tornado to go past, but I do remember the conversation we had in the process. I could feel the cool air rushing under the floor through the crawlspace vents. I asked if we were flying. He said he wasn't sure, but he didn't think we were. He said the house was tearing apart. I asked him how he knew. He said he just knew it was.When things calmed down, we opened the door. The odd feeling I had, looking up the street from inside what once was my hallway, is still with me today.I think back often to that day. I think back and wonder what would have happened if my Dad hadn't been sick that day. Like a lot of kids, I stayed home by myself after school back then. I seriously doubt I would be able to tell you my story, if I had been alone that day. I still live in Xenia and wouldn’t trade this town for any other.Task 10【原文】Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the harshest places for human existence. It is cool in summer but freezing cold in winter. In Lhasa, the mildest city temperature may exceed 29C in summer while plummeting to -16C in winter! Sun radiation is extremely strong in Tibet. The sunlight in Lhasa is so intense that the city is called Sunlight City. The thin air can neither block off nor retain heat so that the temperature extremes can be met in daytime and the same night respectively in Tibet. However it is not impossible to visit the holy snow land. April to October is the best time to visit Tibet, out of the coldest months, which are from December to February usually. The average temperature in north Tibet is subzero and winter arrives in October until the following May or June. July and August are the best time to visit the area, enjoying warm temperature, intense sunshine, beautiful scenery and festive events. May, June and September is the tourist season in east Tibet. In winter, roads are all blocked by heavy snow. Landslides and rock falls frequently occur, which will make travel difficult.。

Unit 2 Let’s play sports!检测题听力原文及参考答案第一部分听对话，回答问题本部分共有10个小题，每小题你将听到一段对话，每段对话读两遍。

在听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读题目；听完后，你仍有5秒钟的答题时间。

1. W: What do you usually do when you are free?M: I usually fly a kite.2. W: Who is your favourite basketball player, Mike?M: I like Shu-How Lin very much. He is my hero.3. W: Tom, what do you like doing?M: I l ike playing football.4. M: How do you go to school every day?W: I walk to school every day.5. M: The football match begins at eight o’clock.W: OK. Thank you.6. M: Is this your baseball, Emma?W: No, I don’t have a baseball. But my sister has one.7. W: Do you have a table tennis bat, Paul?M: No, but I have a table tennis ball.8. M: I need a volleyball, Anna. Can you bring yours to me?W: Certainly. My volleyball is very nice and it’s blue and yellow.9. W: Shall we go to watch TV?M: OK. Let’s go.10. M: Is your ball under the bed, Mona?W: No, it’s under the chair.第二部分听对话和短文，回答问题你将听到一段对话和两篇短文，各听两遍。