大学英语视听说unit7听力原文+答案

新标准大学英语视听说教程听力原文U n i tHappy First, written on the morning of August 16, 2022Unit 7-Conversation 1Mark: HiKate: Hi; Janet Have you been waiting longJanet: Not at all. What did you think of HeroKate: It was brilliant; thanks for suggesting it.Janet: Well; it was nominated for an Oscar; you know.Kate: That figures. It's a beautiful film.Mark: Yes. The costumes; and scenery were amazing;Kate: I'd love to know more about the emperor; he was cool. Who was he Janet: Qin Shi Huang — it's said he was the first emperor in the history of China — he unified China.Ka te: Did he WhenJanet: Er ... 221 BC.Mark: As long ago as thatWaitress: Hi guys What can I get you Kate: Yes; I'll have a coke; thanks. Mark: Er ... Just a coffee.Waitress: Sure.Mark: Tell us more ... Janet: Um ... Well; before that; there were seven big states and they had been fighting each other for many years. Mark: Right.Janet: It's called the Warring States Period. Anyway — Qin was king of the largest state and he defeated the six other states; one after another. It took him ten years to conquer them; each with a different strategy.Mark: What kind of man was heJanet: Well; he was brilliant; obviously. And also wise. He had this huge army — they were very powerful. After his army had attacked the first state; the next state surrendered without much fight. They were so terrified.Kate: WowJanet: What else The army leaders were very clever; they used a river to flood a city.Mark: That can't have been easy. Janet: Yes; anyway; after conquering the last state; Qin made himself Emperor of the whole of China.Mark: Was he the emperor who created the Terracotta WarriorsJanet: That's right. He was so afraidof death that he wanted them to guardhim in the afterlife.Unit 7-Conversation 2Becky: OK.Kate: Thank you.Mark: Thanks.Kate: So go on about Emperor Qin. It's really interesting.Janet: It is; isn't it Well; so he unified China and that was an incredible achievement. But as a result; huge numbers of soldiers were killed.Kate: About how manyJanet: Oh; I don't know; something like 500;000 menKate: That is huge.Mark: So how do the Chinese see Qin Janet: He's seen as the greatest emperor in Chinese history.Mark: Why Because he unified ChinaThat's a very good reason; mind you. Janet: Not only that. The thing is; asa result of the unification; he did many amazing things. He built roads allacross China; he standardized writing ... and also the money system. Oh; and the system for measuring and weighing things as well. Mark: So he was a great leader for China.Janet: Yes; he was; but he was alsovery cruel.Mark: Yes; but most emperors were cruel; weren't theyKate: Well I guess that's true. You're right.Mark: So did he have enemiesJanet:Of course;I think all great emperors have some enemies. Some people hated him so much they tried to kill him Mark: Was he the emperor who built the Great Wall of ChinaJanet: He built the first Great Wall. You see; tribes from the north were always trying to invade so he built a huge wall across China to stop them. Hundreds of thousands of men diedbuilding it.Kate: It's so sad — all those thousands of people dying.Mark: But then ... that's war; isn't it Unit 7-Outside viewOn the 25th of April each year; Australia and New Zealand celebrate Anzac Day; when they commemorate all the members of the Australian and NewZealand Army Corps who died in actionduring the First and Second World Wars; and in every armed conflict since then. We're here now at the Australian War Memorial at the start of the dawn service. They shall grow not oldAs we that are left grow oldAge shall not weary them nor the years condemnAt the going down of the sun and in the morningWe will remember them.Lest we forget.A verse from the poem. Ode to Remembrance by Laurence Binyon; is recited during the ceremony.Inside the Hall of Memory is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. This is the grave of a solider whose identity is not known and it represents all those soldiers who died in battle but were not identified.Twenty-four years after the ravages of World War I; war came to the mainland of Australia where air raids killed hundreds of service personnel and civilians. In Malaya; Korea and Vietnam; we answered the call as we have in Afghanistan and Iraq. Through it all the one unshakable truth has been a steadfastness; bom of the traditions of the Australian servicemen. Today; Australia's special day; they rememberin East Timor; on Bougainville; in Afghanistan and Iraq; on the island of Crete; at Gallipoli; they along with us; remember.Anzac Day is a public holiday in Australia. It is one of the most important national days of the year and certainly the most solemn one. Commemoration services are held in all the major cities in Australia and huge crowds attend to pay their respects to those who died. Servicemen and women from all the armed services in Australia march in procession. They fought in the Second World War and other conflicts since then that have happened around the world. The men in the trucks are all wearing decorations. They're veterans from the Second World War; and perhaps a few last survivors from the First World War. After the Parade the veterans will gather in a pub or club to talk and share memories. This veteran fought in the Second World War in Western Australia.Interviewer And what does Anzac Day mean to youVeteran Well; it means remembering not only those who didn't go home but the; the fact that you keep in touch with a lot of your ... friends.Unit 7-Listening inNews reportUS universities are experiencing a steady increase in the enrolment of student veterans with many troops returning home from wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. More than one million student veterans are using their Post-9/11 GI Bill benefits to earn a university degree or certificate.The Post-9/11 GI Bill is an education benefit programme for individuals who served on active duty after 10 September; 2001. the scholarship covers study-related expenses including tuition; fees; books and housing. Veterans can use the GI Bill at colleges; universities; trade schools and flight schools.Student veterans returning from war are typically older than the average student. Some have difficulty adjusting to the stress and demands of university life. Some also experience frustration with other students who don’t understand their past experiences.It is important for universities to provide veterans with the resources and support they need to succeed; and to help with the transition to university life.1.What is the news report mainly about2.To whom does the Post-9/11 GI Bill provide supportPassage 1There are many war novels but the novel I'm going to talk about today is unusual because it's war seen through the eyes of a child. The "eyes" are those of JG Ballard; one of Britain's most respected novelists.Let's begin with some information about Ballard. He was born in 1930; in Shanghai; where his father was a businessman; and he was only 11 years old when the city was occupied during World War II. Ballard and his family were placed in a prison camp and he has said that his experiences there affected him so deeply that it was 40 yearsbefore he felt able to write about them. "Twenty years to forget and 20 years to remember."The result of Ballard's experiences was a semi-autobiographical novel called Empire of the Sun; published in 1984. It quickly became a success and in 1987 it was made into a movie by Hollywood director; Steven Spielberg.Let's move on to the novel itself. Empire of the Sun tells the story of how a young boy; Jim Graham; survives the Japanese occupation. Interestingly; Jim is J G Ballard's first name and his second name is Graham. Also; Jim is the same age as Ballard - 11 -when the occupation begins.At the start of the story; Jim is living with his parents in a wealthy part of Shanghai. When the invasion begins; many of Shanghai's inhabitants flee from the city and Jim's parents do the same. But the boy becomes separated from them and finds himself all alone. He goes back to their empty home and lives alone there. Inevitably; he's found and then he's sent to a prison camp.It's a terrible four years; but the boy somehow survives. He steals food; finds ways of getting in and out of the camp; and is befriended by some Americans and a Japanese boy.Is there a happy ending Yes and no. Jim sees many people die; his Japanese friend is killed by the Americans. Butat the end of the war; he gets back to Shanghai and is reunited with his parents.Jim's experiences are terrible; as a child who discovers the depths of human cruelty. But he learns also about the strength and courage that is possible; even in these circumstances.Both the great power and the truthof the novel come from the fact thatit's based on the author's own experiences. The general opinion ofcritics is that Empire of the Sun is one of the best war novels ever written - so read it; it's worth it.Passage 2Host On Women's World; today; we lookat women's role in the Second World War and the important part they played in it. In the First World War; women had workedin factories and as nurses; both at home and at the front. In the Second World War; women were even more essential to the war effort. Doris Watts was just 18 when the war began and Mavis Grey was only 20.Host Do you remember how you felt;Doris; the day thewar was declaredDoris Oh yes ... of course I do. I felt frightened of course;but we had known it would happen. The first thing; more thananything I think; that I felt was ...was that I wanted to dosomething You know; do something useful;so I joined theLand Girls.Host Ah; yes; the Women's Land Army.That was anorganization started in the First World War. Women worked inagriculture as the men were awayfighting. Did you enjoy the experienceDoris Not really. It was very hard work; very physical. You never saw anybody except the officer coming to inspect your work. So when I heard about the WAAF I signed up.Host That's the Women's Auxiliary Air Force. WAAF; forshort. So why the WAAFDoris I'd always thought planes were very exciting. Andit's silly but I liked the light blue uniforms.Host That's a good enough reason Now; Mavis; you were in the WAAF at the same time as Doris. Can you tell us more about itMavis Yes. Organizations like the WAAF were a way for women to join the armed forces; since they weren't allowed to fight. Instead; the army; the navy and the air force all had support services; which women could join.Host And Doris. What kind of things did you have to doDoris Oh; well; a lot of different things. I worked in transport and catering. We were very young but we were given a lot of responsibility.Host And what did you do; MavisMavis Various jobs but eventually I worked on a fighter station; trackingthe German bombers as they flew towards London. It was very exciting.Host Was it ever dangerousDoris Yes; we were always in danger of being bombed. They tell me that over1;500 young women lost their lives. I was lucky.Host And what about social lifeMavis We did have some wonderful parties. And of course I met my husband; Eric. He was an electrician at the station.Host One last question; Doris. Do you think women's work in the forces changed things for womenDoris Without a doubt. Oh absolutely After the war the position of women could never be the same again - we'd contributed so much.Host Doris and Mavis; thank you both.。

Unit 7 Fame and FortunePart I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1：magazine2：newspaper3：Microsoft Company4：successful5：richest 6：3rd7：19558：Washington9：computers10：1311：baseball 12：football13：computer programs14：perform15：high 16：computer language17：Basic18：valuable19：office 20：home21：established22：197523：three24：computer software 25：established26：nternational27：usiness28：achines29：1981 30：personal computer 31：operating system 32 ：129 33：computer companies 34：Windows35：easier36：officials37：40000000 38：thousands of millions of dollars 39：16 000 40：48 41：30 42：100Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesA. Keys:1: quailty 2: re-engineering 3: velocityB. Keys:1: communication2: e-mail 3: sales data online4: insights 5: knowledge workers6: high-level thinking 7: create virtual teams 8: paper process9: digital process 10: eliminate single-task jobs 11: digital feedback loop 12: route customer complaints 13: redefine the boundaries 14: business process15: just-in-time delivery 16: eliminate the middle man 17: help customers solve problemsPart III Great business dealsA. Keys:1: NA TIONAL STEAMSHIP 2: 20 0003: Aristotle Onassis 4: 6 0005: American 6: Big Ben7: 1 0008: tourist 9: Buckingham Palace10: 2 000 11: The White House12: 100 000 13: The Statue of Liberty 14: 100 000 15: AustralianB. Keys:1: boom2: world depression3: millionaire 4: identified 5: fraud 6: five 7: California 8: luxuryPart IV More about the topic: Walt Disney1: correspondence course 2: Oswald the Rabbit 3: talking cartoon film4: Walt Disney himself 5: storyteller 6: Ub Iwerks 7: 35; feature-length cartoon film; 2 000 000; three 8: potential 9: 55; 17 000 000 27: taste; vulgarity; children of all agesPart V Do you know…?1: $24 worth of kettles, axes and cloth. 2: $80 000 000. 3: $27 000 000. 4: About 12 cents. 5: About 800 000 square miles. 6: About 1 600 000 square miles. 7: $7 200 000. 8: About 5 cents. 9: $750 000 000 worth. 10: An estimated 100 000 000 000 tons.Tape scriptPart I Getting readyA.B.In the past few years, hundreds of magazine and newspaper stories have been written about Bill Gates and his company, the reason the Microsoft Company is extremely successful. It has made Bill Gate one of the richest men in the world. William Gates the 3rd was born in 1955, in a western city of Seattle, Washington. He became interested in computers when he was 13 years old. When most young boys his age were playing baseball or football, young Bill Gates was learning to write computer programs. These programs tell computers how to perform useful tasks. Bill Gate attended Harvard University after high school. At Harvard, he began developing the computer language called Basic. He began to think that the computer would someday become a valuable tool that could be used in every office and home. Bill Gate returned to Seattle where he established the Microsoft Company in 1975. It employed only three workers. Microsoft developed computer software for established American companies, like General Electric and Citibank. Soon Microsoft was working with the International Business Machines Company knownas IBM. In 1981,IBM began selling a personal computer that used Microsoft products as part of its operating system. By then, Microsoft had 129 workers. Today IBM still uses Microsoft's computer operating system. So do many other computer companies. One of the most famous Microsoft products is a program called Windows. Windows makes it much easier to use a computer. Company officials say Microsoft has sold about 40 000 000 copies of the Windows program around the world. Microsoft does thousands of millions of dollars in business each year. It now has more than 16 000 workers in more than 48 countries. Microsoft today produces computer programs in 30 languages and sells them in more than 100 countries.Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesIf the 1980s were about quality and the 1990s were about re-engineering, then the 2000s will be about velocity. About how quickly business itself will be transacted. About how information access will alter the life-style of consumers and their expectations of business. Quality improvements and business-process improvements will occur far faster. When the increase in velocity is great enough, the very nature of business changes. To function in the digital age, we have developed a new digital infrastructure. It's like the human nervous system. Companies need to have that same kind of nervous system — the ability to run smoothly and efficiently, to respond quickly to emergencies and opportunities to quickly get valuable information to the people in the company who need it, the ability to quickly make decisions and interact with customers. The successful companies of the next decade will be the ones that use digital tools to reinvent the way they work. To make digital information flow an intrinsic part of your company, here are 12 key steps.1. Insist that communication flow through e-mail.2. Study sales data online to share insights easily.3. Shift knowledge workers into high-level thinking.4. Use digital tools to create virtual teams.5. Convert every paper process to a digital process.6. Use digital tools to eliminate single-task jobs.7. Create a digital feedback loop.8. Use digital systems to route customer complaints immediately.9. Use digital communication to redefine the boundaries.10. Transform every business process into just-in-time delivery.11. Use digital delivery to eliminate the middle man.12. Use digital tools to help customers solve problems for themselves.As I said in The Road Ahead, we always overestimate the change that will occur in the next two years and underestimate the change that will occur in the next 10. Don't let yourself be lulled into inaction. You know you have built an excellent digital nervous system when information flows throughyour organization as quickly and naturally as thought in a human being and when you can use technology to marshal and coordinate teams of people as quickly as you can focus an individual on an issue. It's business at the speed of thought.Part III Great business deals1.In the … er … late 1920s, early 1930s, there was a … a young Greek businessman who …er … made quite a lot of money … er … by importing tobacco into Argentina. Um … he then moved up to North America … er … this was in about … er … 1933, when of course the world was in the middle of a … a trade slump. Er … he … er … decided he wanted to get into shipping, and to get into shipping he needed ships so he … he started looking around for some ships to buy with his tobacco fortune and he found ten vessels … er …which belonged to the Canadian National Steamship Company … er … the problem being that they were frozen into the ice in the St Lawrence River in Canada. They'd been rusting away there for two years and were now completely filled up with snow and ice.Er … in fact the story goes that when he went aboard to … er … inspect one of the ships, he fell into a snowdr ift and … er … ended up on the deck below. Well, the ships had cost $2 million to build … er … about ten years before, and the owners were prepared to let them go just for a … a scrap price of … er … $30 000 each. He offered $20,000 and the owners accepted.He left them there, stuck in the ice, there was nothing more he could do. Er … but a few years later, the … the world depression … er … came to an end and … er … world war seemed to be looming in Europe and, of course, that led in its turn to a … bit of a shipping boom. So the young man, there he was with his ships and … er … he became one of the richest men in the world. His name was … Aristotle Onassis.2.Once upon a time there was an enterprising Scottish actor, called Arthur Furguson, whodiscovered that he could make a very good living selling things that didn't actually belong to him, in other words he was a con man. He first got the idea when he was sitting in the middle of Trafalgar Square (in London that is). Um … this was in 1923, and he saw a n American tourist admiring the stone lions and the fountains and Nelson's Column. He introduced himself as the "official guide" to the Square and started to explain the history of the place. And while he was doing this he also slipped in a little mention that as Britain was heavily in debt, the British government was looking for the right kind of person to buy the Square. He said that he was the official government salesman and that the asking price was around ￡6 000. The American said that this was a good price and offered to pay by cheque right away, so Mr. Furguson went off to okay this with his superiors — in other words he went off for an hour and a half and kept the American waiting. Well, he then came back and said, yes, they were willing to sell to the American at that price. The American wrote a check and Furguson gave him a receipt and the address of a company who would dismantle the Square and get it ready for shipping it to the States. Then he went off to cash the check.Soon after that he sold Big Ben for ￡1 000 and took a down payment on Buckingham Palace of ￡2 000. Two years later he went to the United States and leased the White House to a Texas cattleman for 99 years for $100 000 per annum. Later he arranged tosell the Statue of Liberty to an Australian for $100 000, but unfortunately Furguson allowed the buyer to take a photograph of him and the Australian, feeling slightly suspicious, showed the photograph to the police. Furguson was identified and sent to prison for fraud for five years. When he came out he retired to California, where he lived in luxury until he died in 1938.Part IV More about the topic: alt DisneyPresenter:Walt Disney is well known as the creator of Mickey Mouse and the inventor of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, but his creations are better knownthan his life. Peter Spencer is the author of a new book about Disney. Whatwas Walt Disney's background?Peter:Walter Elias Disney was born in 1901 in Chicago but actually he was brought up in a small town in the Mid-West near Kansas City, Missouri, whichincidentally was later used as the model for Main Street U.S.A. inDisneyland. Um ... he first studies cartooning, you know, by doing acorrespondence course. During the First World War he worked as a … adriver for the American Red Cross but after the war he returned to KansasCity where he met a guy called Ub Iwerks. Now they … er … started to worktogether on a series of experimental-type films ... um … and after a whilethey set off to California to join Walt's elder brother Roy who was livingthere in Los Angeles.Presenter:When did Mickey Mouse first appear?Peter:Ah, well, Disney and Iwerks first invented a character called Oswald the Rabbit but then in 1928 a new character was born: cheerful, sometimesrather naughty, energetic mouse with large funny ears. Yes, it was Mickeyand he appeared for the first time in the first talking cartoon film, calledSteamboat Willie. Er … not many people know this but Walt Disney actuallyprovided the voice for Mickey. By the way, he was almost called "MortimerMouse", which doesn't have the same kind of ring to it, or does it? Well,Roy and Walt gathered a team of artists … er … illustrators together … um …by this time Ub Iwerks had left them and started his own company, this wasin 1930, and Disney Studios, as they called themselves, starting … started toproduce the famous short cartoons with … starring Mickey and Minnie andDonald Duck and Pluto and Goofy. Er … Roy was the business manager anddriving force behind th e company … er … making it very profitable and Waltwas more the … er … imaginative, creative part of the partnership. Presenter:What kind of man was Walt Disney?Peter:Well, according to the artists who worked for him Walt actually couldn't draw ve ry well … er … most of the characters were actually drawn byIwerks, but apparently he was an amazing storyteller. He would act out thestories of films doing all the voices and actions to show the illustrators whathe wanted them to do and then they had to go off and try to recreate hisvisualizations.Presenter:The most famous cartoon of all was Snow White — and the best I still think.Peter:Mm, yeah, it was the first feature-length cartoon and it was released in …er … 1935. Now, Snow White and th e Seven Dwarfs required two milliondrawings and took three years' work to make. Um … obviously it was … er …very expensive, particularly for those times. By the way, the British filmcensor gave it an Adult certificate because he thought that it would be toofrightening for little children to see on their own. Er … that was followed byPinocchio and Fantasia in 1940, Dumbo in 1941. And … er … the DisneyStudios also started making … um … some rather low-budget live actionfeature films for children … er … something which the other studios didn'tdare risk doing. Er … some of his films mixed live action with cartoons —er … I'm thinking about Mary Poppins, which I think we've probably allseen, made in 1964, where cartoon characters and … and the real life actorsappeared together on screen and talked and danced and sang together.Disney was one of the first to see the potential of television, all the otherstudios were afraid of this medium. Um … so he started to produce filmsdirectly for television and … and now of course there's a Disney Channelshowing only Disney films.Presenter:And then he dreamt up Disneyland, didn't he?Peter:Ah, "dreamt" is the right word. Disneyland was a creation of the land of his dreams: safe, happy, clean, fairy-tale world with its own Magic Kingdom.The original Disneyland was opened in Los Angeles in 1955 and it cost $17million. Walt died in 1966 but he was already working on plans for theDisney World in Orlando, Florida, which opened in 1971, and the EPCOTCenter near Walt Disney World —that's the "Experimental PrototypeCommunity Of Tomorrow", by the way. And there's also a … a TokyoDisneyland, which was opened in … um … 1983.Presenter:And … and now there's even an Euro Disneyland near Paris, I think.Peter:Yes, that's right. Um … and the Disney Studios still continue to produce films in the … the house style, the Walt Disney style and presumably italways will. Disney's films appealed … um … and still do appeal to childrenof all ages, but people often criticize them for their lack of taste and theysay they're vulgar, but Disney said, "I've never called this art. It's showbusiness and I'm a showman." Well, can you imagine a world withoutMickey Mouse?Presenter:Peter Spencer, thank you.Part V Do you know…?1. The best real estate deal in historyEven in the days when America was known as the New World, it was a country with a reputation for its spirit of enterprise and the ability of its people to make a good deal. When the settlers started negotiating, the natives hardly knew what had hit them — and in the summer of 1626, probably the most spectacular real estate coup in history took place. Governor Peter Minuit of the Dutch West India Company had the job of buying Manhattan Island from the Indians. After some haggling with Chief Manhasset, the price was agreed at 24 dollars' worth of kettles, axes and cloth. Today, $24 would not buy one square foot of office space in New York City, and an office block in central Manhattan changes hands for around $80 million. Even allowing for inflation, Minuit got himself a real bargain.2. Not again, Josephine! You would think that the Manhattan deal would remain a one-off for ever. But less than two centuries later the loser was Napoleon, Emperor of France and (in his early years, at least) a brilliant military tactician.In 1803, Napoleon had his mind on European affairs (in particular, an invasion of Britain), so he decided to dispense with France's American possessions. He sold the entire Mississippi valley, an area of 828 000 square miles extending from Canada down to the Gulf of Mexico and westwards to the Rockies, for just over 27 million dollars. Through this deal, known as the Louisiana purchase, President Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the United States for only around 5 cents per acre.3. Nice ice at a reasonable price Napoleon did just manage to reach Moscow in his ill-fated invasion of 1812 — but it would seem that news of his poor American deal did not.For, astonishingly, the Russians went on to become the third victims of major land deals with America. On March 30th 1867, the U.S. Secretary of State, William Seward, bought Alaska from Tsar Alexander II for a mere $7.2 million —thereby acquiring another 586 000 square miles of territory for less than 2 cents per acre. The Tsar presumably thought that this remote, frozen and virtually uninhabited piece of land had nothing at all to commend it — and at first, the American people agreed with him, for Alaska was known as "Seward's folly" and "Seward's ice box" for years. In 1896, however, gold was struck at Klondike in the Yukon, and since then, over 750 million dollars' worth has been mined. In 1968, black gold was discovered —and an estimated 100 billion tons of coal are also lying underground, just waiting to be dug up.。

II. Listening SkillsIdentifying Prices1.M: I want two correction pens and a notebook. How much are they?W: $ 1.95 for each correction pen. $ 5.00 for the notebook.Q: How much does the man have to pay?2.W: Ooh, it’s only $9.8. I bet Jane would love this blue vase. Flowers are really her thing.M: The salesgirl said it is 30% off today, and it will be the normal price tomorrow.Q: How much will the vase cost tomorrow?3.W: Wow, what a wonderful yard sale. Did you see the sofa? It’s in good shape, and he’sselling it for just $100.M:Yeah. And that computer, just $150. What a steal! The one we saw last Saturday was three times as expensive as it.Q: How much was the computer they saw last week?4. M: Hi. I’d like to book two tickets for this weekend’s concert. How much for generaladmission?W: General admission is $25 per ticket and is standing room only. Seat tickets range from $35 to $50, depending on the section you want.Q: How much are two seat tickets?5. W: Hey, Nancy. I’ve got this coupon that says if I buy three cans of Coke, I get a free bag ofchips.M: You’d better look at it more carefully. It says three bottles of Coke. The bottles are over there. $1.30 for each.Q: How much will the man pay to get three cans of Coke and a bag of chips?1.D2.B3.C4.B5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: Malls in the U.S.Malls are popular places for Americans to go. People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls have private security guards and sometimes even police stations. Parking is usually free, and the weather inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest areas with waterfalls and large green trees. The largest mall in the United States is the Mal of America in Minnesota. It covers 4.2 million square feet. It has 350 stores, eight nightclubs, and a seven-acre park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people shop there every week. The first indoor mall in the United States was built in 1965 in Minnesota, but now malls are like town centers where people come to do many things. They shop, eat foods from all over the world, and see movies at theaters. Some people even get their daily exercise from the new sport of “mall walking.” Others go to malls to meet friends. In some malls, people can see a doctor or a dentistand even attend church. In a word, people can do just about everything in malls.1.A2.C3.B4.D5.DTask 2: Online ShoppingW: Hey, Don, online shopping is so popular nowadays. Where is a good place to buy electronics online?M: Hmmm. I usually go to . Sometimes I use eBay.W: Really, I’ve never used either of those. What are they all about?M: Well, eBay is an auction site. People put their stuff up for sale, and then other people log in and if they’re interested in one item, they bid on it. If you want to bid, you put in the amount that is the most you’re willing to pay. Then, by a certain deadline, the highest bid gets the item. W: Interesting. Then, if your bid is the highest, how do you pay?M: Well, you can usually send a check or money order. Or, you can use a system called PayPal which lets you pay by credit card online.W: Hoe do you get your stuff?M: Well, after the auction, eBay puts you directly in touch with the seller, and then you arrange for them to send it to you. You can check it out at .W: I sure will. And how about that Amazon place you said?M: is like an actual store, just online. They sell just about everything, either new or used items. I find the prices are usually a good deal cheaper than in a store.W: That’s what I’ve heard. I think that buying some things online, like books, or DVDs, is a really good idea, but I could never buy clothes online.M: I know what you mean. Things that you need to see, touch and feel first, before you buy, are hard to buy online. But then again, there’re lots of people who buy everything online!W: Do you think it’s safe? I mean, I’ve heard that people can steal your credit card number over the Internet.M: Well, I think that is does happen, but it’s very rare. All in all, it’s pretty safe.W: And what if you want to return something?M: I think that’s probably easier if you bought it in a real store. But, these online stores and sellers often have very good return policies. You just need to package it all back up again.W: A pain in the neck if you ask me!1.It’s an auction site where people put their stuff up for sale, and then other people log in andbid on it.2.They can send a check or money order, or use a system called PayPal which lets them pay bycredit card online.3.The online store puts the buyer directly in touch with the seller, and then the buyer can ask theseller to send the items over.4.She could never buy clothes online.5.You just need to package it all back up again.Task 3: Beware of bargains!Ever since ancient times, people have always loved a bargain. If they think they are getting a “good deal” they will grab it up, whatever it is. Some people buy clothes they will never wear, orfurniture they have no need or room for. Some even buy cars they can’t afford simply because the auto dealer is having a sale. There is an old saying: “You get what you pay for.”And another saying: “If a price seems too good to be true, it probably is.”Sometimes stores feature poorer quality goods at prices that are not really reduced. Some stores offer “unbelievable bargain prices”on unit costs, then add on hidden charges so that the final price is the same as the regular price—or sometimes even higher. There are bargains to be had, but the safest way is to find a retailer that you can trust, and to be cautious. The Romans had a saying: “Let the buyer beware!”The idea is as true today as it ever was.People have always loved a bargain. If they think they are getting a “good deal”, they will grab it whatever it is. But you get what you pay for. Sometimes stores feature poorer quality merchandise at prices that are not really reduced. Some stores offer “unbelievable bargain prices” on unit costs, then add on hidden charges so that the final price is the same as or even higher than the regular price. There are bargains to be had, but the safest way is to find a retailer that you can trust, and to be cautious.Task 4: An AnnouncementWelcome to our Gift Shop! Time to start thinking about gifts for your friends! The best flowers, cards, stationery, dolls, oriental gifts, art prints and posters, hand-made gifts, and woodwork are arriving daily. Remember, all the gifts are carefully chosen by top professionals! You can get all your favorite gifts at a discount of twenty per cent here at Gift Shop!IV. Speaking OutNow Your TurnKatherine: Peter, where are you off to?Peter: Just going to the bookstore.Katherine: Oh, the photo shop is next door to it. Would you mind picking up my pictures for me? Peter: All right. Want anything from the bookstore?Katherine: Well, could you pick up a stapler, please? My papers are in a mess.Peter: No problem.Model 2 Could you do me a favor?Now Your TurnNicole: Hey Robert, would you take a look at this for me? My computer is making a funny noise.Robert: Sure, let me have a look. Hmm, seems like something had gone wrong with your hard drive.Nicole: Really? Well, then could you do me a favor? I need to get it fixed right away. Would you give me a ride to the store?Robert: No problem. But it is still under warranty?Nicole: I’m afraid not. It’s several years old.Robert: Let’s hope the repairs are not too expensive.Model 3 I was wondering if you could possibly…Now Your TurnSusan: I wish I hadn’t gone to town this morning. I lost my purse at the shopping center. Michael: I’m sorry to hear that. What are you going to do now?Susan: I guess I’ll go back to check at the Lost and Found. And I was wondering if you could possibly lend me some money for the bus fare. Every cent I had was in my purse. Michael: I’ll be glad to. Here’s ten dollars, or do you need more?V. Let’s TalkJack: There certainly are a lot of CDs on sale here today. I hope the new Linkin Park is on sale.What were you thinking of picking up?Jane: Well, you know me, Jack. I love classic music. I was thinking of either the Beatles or Elvis’“Greatest Hits.”Jack: Jane, when are you going to get with the times? Classic Rock is not classic; it’s just old. Jane: Yes, well, Pop Rock all sounds the same to me. For me, the Classic Rock really stands out.It’s what started it all.Jack: It’s also been played a million times. Don’t you get tired of it?Jane: No, never. Oh, there’s a salesperson; let’s ask him what they have on sale.Salesman: Can I help you?Jack: Yes, my friend and I were looking for some CDs. We were hoping they would be on sale.My friend is looking for some older selections like the Beatles or Elvis’“Greatest Hits.” I was really hoping you’d have the new Linkin Park on sale, but if not, I’m also looking for Nickelback.Salesman: Well, I have some good news and some bad news. The good news is that all of the CDs you have asked for are on sale. The bad news is we have just sold out of Elvis’“Greatest Hits”, but we can order one for you.Jane: (to her friend) Sold out of Elvis! That must mean he’s pretty popular. (to the salesman) You need to order it in? How does that work?Salesman: Well, if you give me your telephone number, when we get it, one of our staff will give you a call. Then you can some and pick it up. It shouldn’t be more than a week. Jane: Okay, well, I’ll take the Beatles CD right now, and you can order the Elvis for me. I’ll give you my phone number.Jack: And I will take the new Linkin Park for now. I’m afraid I only have enough for one CD. Salesman: The sale lasts till the end of the month. In the meantime, I’ll get your CDs for you, and I’ll take down your number for that Elvis order. Boy, he’s always a popular seller! Jane: I know!Column A Column BJack 2.3.4.8Jane 1.5.6.7For ReferenceAB, persuade A to buy the jeans.I’m telling you, the jeans will look great on you.A, give your impression of the jeans.They’re nice, but I think I’m going to look around a little first.B, push A to buy the jeans.We only have a few pairs left.A, try to beat down the price.They’re just too experience. If you give me a discount, maybe I’ll be interested.B, make an offer.Since these jeans seem exactly specially made for you, I’ll give you a five percent discount.A, bargain with B.Make it ten percent, and I’ll take them.BB, ask A whether he/she has done something wrong with the Walkman.Well, Sir/Miss. What exactly did you do with the Walkman when you got it home?A, complain and explain the problem.Why? I did nothing. I put it some batteries and turned it on, but it just wouldn’t work.B, offer a suggestion.Well, I’m afraid we don’t have any more of these models in stock. Would you mind changing it for another type?A, ask if you can get a refund.Not if it costs more money. Can I just get my money back?B, Answer A’s question and make an offer.I’m afraid it’s out store policy that we can only exchange it. But for only twenty dollars more, you can get a new model.A, give your opinion on B’s offer.But that’s what you told me about this model last week!VI. Furthering Listening and SpeakingTask 1: Does complaining work?Many people tolerate bad service or inferior products rather than make a complaint. They feel that complaining won’t do any good. In fact, they’re wrong: complaining works because companies don’t want dissatisfied customers. If you have a complaint, do something about it right away. The longer you wait, the harder it will be to get your complaint settled. First, you can complain to one of the clerks. If they cannot help you, then ask politely to speak to a manager. Also, many stores have Customer Service representatives whose job is to solve problems in customer relations. These people are eager to assist because companies realize that dissatisfied customers can damage their reputations. You should always insist on your own rights as a customer. You have the right to receive a product you ordered in timely manner and in good condition. With airlines, you have the right to be on the flight you’ve booked. You can also expect a discount if you receive less than you have agreed upon—a hotel room with a view of a brick wall instead of an ocean view, for example.1. tolerate complaint2. do any good dissatisfied customers3. longer harder settled4. Customer Service solve problems5. the right in a timely mannerTask 2: Credit CardsBecause credit cards have so many advantages, their use has become widespread. Unfortunately, however, credit cards are major sources of problems to society as a whole. First, there is the issue of fraud. Stolen credit cards add to the cost of all merchandise as companies write off these losses by adding to the cost of all goods. Second, there are the personal misfortunes. Credit card companies charge exceptionally high rates of interest (about 20%), but because the cards are so easy to use, many people but beyond their ability to repay. Also, there are often too generous limits to the amount of credit one can have; as a result, many people run up such high debts that they go bankrupt. Currently, it is easy for people to own many credit cards. When one credit card is “maxed out” they simply switch to another. Although individual credit cards have limits, the number of credit cards is not limited. People with ten credit cards, each with a $5,000 limit, have $50,000 of credit, even though they might not be able to pay all of their bills. This can easily lead to bankruptcy. Perhaps people should be given an absolute credit limit set as a certain percentages of their imcome.1. F2.F3.F4.T5.TTask 3: A Tongue TwisterBetty Botta bought some butter.“But,” she said, “this butter is bitter.Put a bit of better butterWill make my butter better.”So she bought a bit of butterBetter than the bitter butter.And it made her butter better.So it was better than Betty BottaBought a bit of bitter butter.。

Unit 7Ⅰ.lead in1.This is a rather complicated issue. I may feel differently in different circumstances. If a close friend or relative ofmine happens to be in trouble, I will be only too glad to lend a helping hand. However, if it is not an emergency, I will hesitate about lending my hard-earned money. I may find a number of excuses and advise him to save up for things he wishes for. When someone not very close to me asks me for a loan, I may reject him or her with whatever excuse I can think of. If a stranger claims to be in real trouble and wants to borrow money from me, I will first find out if they are really in a jam. If that is the case, I may lend some money to help tide them over the emergency.Meanwhile, I will advise them to look for help from other sources as well.2.If I could get a big windfall of one billion dollars, I would use it in a sensible way. Certainly I wouldn't spend it likewater. To start with, I would buy an apartment to ensure that I have a comfortable home. I would also put a small portion of the money in the bank for a rainy day. However, I would prefer to spend the greater part of the one billion dollars in some meaningful projects. I may contribute to an educational foundation in support of the Hope Project. I am also interested in financing significant projects like a pipeline to carry natural gas from west China to east coast cities and diverting the Yangtze River water to north China. Perhaps I would also fund future Shenzhou Spaceship (Divine Vessel) flights!3.To achieve success in business, one should acquire a good education as a first step. However, not everyone whograduates from a privileged university can always thrive in business. One also needs a high IQ and a high EQ (emotional quotient). With high intelligence, one can easily understand a new situation and find opportunities. Witha high EQ, one tends to get along well with people. Popularity may give people golden chances. However, manyclever people with good interpersonal communication skills remain poor. Obviously, good luck is indispensable.4.It is not easy to make a choice among the three, and different people may have different preferences. Since studentsare not usually rich, they may choose price over quality and brand name. If shoddy or fake goods can last for a few years, they may be all right with some students, who can throw them away upon graduation. After graduation, students work and make money. Then they can afford better quality products that will last a long time and prove to be worth the higher prices in the long run. If one works in the high-end business world, perhaps one has to attach importance to brand names. Not wearing famous brand clothes, one may be treated with contempt, thus losing invaluable business opportunities.Ⅲ.listening inTask 1.It's Time to Buy.Mike: Hey, Robert, where are you off to?Robert: I'm going to talk to a banker about a loan.Mike: You are short of money? I thought you were the saving type.Robert: There's a time to save and a time to spend.Mike: I know all about spending. What's the loan for? I have a few bucks I could...Robert: I'm considering getting a mortgage to buy some property.Mike: Do you think property is a good investment? I mean, it's a lot of money.Robert: Well, Mike, as you know, property values have been going through the roof. If I had bought an apartment two years ago, its value would have gone up by 30 percent today.Mike: And from what I know, interest rates are low now.Robert: Exactly. Sounds like a good time to buy.Task 2.Can I have my change please?Tom was down on his luck and felt he needed a few drinks. He went to a bar and had several drinks. When he was done, he stood up and walked toward the door. The barman shouted after him, "Hey mister, are you going to pay for those drinks?"Tom turned around and replied, "I have already paid you," and then walked out of the bar. Almost immediately he saw one of his friends Richard and told him about the barman, "Just go in there and drink all you want, then get up and leave. When the barman asks you to pay the bill, just tell him you have already paid."This sounded easy enough, so Richard went in and had several drinks. The barman went to him and said, "Before you came in, another man was here. When I asked him to pay his bill, he told me he'd paid, but I don't remember him paying me."Richard said, "I would love to stay and hear your story, but I don't have time. Can I have my change please?"Task 3.Why not just print money?What's the solution to a recession, a time of little economic activity? Just print money! Sounds reasonable, doesn't it?Let's see if this will work by using an example.Let's pretend that all the students in your class make up the ENTIRE population of the country, and the teacher represents the government. Let's also pretend each student has exactly $1.00.Since we are in a recession, let's have the teacher, who represents the government, print money. He prints $1.00 more for everyone. Now everyone has $1.00 more to spend. More money to spend sounds like a great way to get us out of a recession, since more money to spend means more demand for goods and services.Then if that works, why don't we give MORE money away? How about $100? Now we have lots of money to spend. So no more recession, right?Not really, because we have only looked at one side of the problem. As more and more people receive more and more money, what'll happen?Since everyone has more money, the students all go shopping to spend that extra money. This causes the demandfor goods and services to rise, and people who sell goods and services raise prices. For example, if you could buy a new music CD at $10 in the past, now the price could be $1,000! This is called inflation.So, the original reason for printing all this money was to help get us out of recession, but we have only replaced one problem with another.Ⅴ.Let’s TalkThere was a miser who loved money more than anything else. Just before he died, he said to his wife, "Now, listen. When I die, I want you to take all my money and put it in the casket with me. I want to take my money to the afterlife with me."He made her promise with all her heart that when he died, she would put all of the money in the casket with him. Then he died. He was laid in the casket, his wife was sitting there wearing black, and her friend was sitting next to her.When they finished the ceremony, just before the undertakers got ready to close the casket, the wife said, "Wait a minute!" She had a box with her. She came over with the box and put it in the casket.Then the undertakers locked the casket down, and they rolled it away. Her friend said, "Girl, I know you weren't fool enough to put all that money in there with your husband!"She said, "Listen, I'm a Christian. I can't go back on my word. I promised him that I would put all the money in the casket with him.""You mean you really put that money in the casket with him!?""I surely did," said the wife. "I wrote him a check."Ⅵ.further listening and speakingGiving Money to a BeggarSusan: Hey, Robert, you gave that beggar some of your hard-earned cash?Robert: I know. He looked as if he needed help.Susan: But you're always so careful with your money.Robert: Yeah, I guess so, but I like to help when someone's in need.Susan: I just wonder why the guy doesn't get a job and make his own living.Robert: It's just not that simple, Susan. Some people have a hard time of it in life.Susan: Maybe they waste all their money. If you give them money, they will just go on wasting it.Robert: Life has been good to me, Susan, and I'd like to share some of my luck.Buying a MachineAn American manufacturer is showing his machine factory to a potential customer. At noon, when the lunch bell rings, two thousand men and women immediately stop working and leave the building."Your workers, they're escaping!" cries the visitor. "You've got to stop them.""Don't worry, they'll be back," says the American. And indeed, at exactly one o'clock the bell rings again, and all the workers return from their break.When the tour is over, the manufacturer turns to his guest and says, "Well, now, which of these machines would you like to order?""Forget the machines," says the visitor. "How much do you want for that bell?"An Introduction to Credit CardsCredit cards are plastic cards issued by a bank or other financial institutions allowing the holder to buy goods and services without using cash. Many Americans don't like to carry much cash. For them the cards are convenient and safe to use.Credit cards are gaining popularity, even for buying small items. They are accepted almost everywhere, though not at fast food restaurants.Credit cards allow you to purchase things that you may not currently have the money to buy. When you use a credit card, the credit card company that issued the credit card pays the store. Later, a bill will be mailed to you by your credit card company for the amount you purchased. At that time, you can either pay the bill in full, or only pay a minimum amount, and wait till later to finish paying. If you wait till later, you will owe the credit card company interest on the amount that you do not pay.。

Unit 7 Holidays and VacationsPart 1Task 1Exercise 11. B2. D3. A4.C5. DTask 2Exercise 11. C2. A3. B4.D5.AExercise 21.religious issues2.rarely3.churchgoer non-churchgoer Christians non-ChristiansPart 2Task 1Exercise 11.getting together lunar calendar the celebrations stretch far beyond the borders of China.2.normal theatre production professionals volunteers local community landmarksbackstreets Chinatown3.special free musical performances guess-the-mooncake-flavour fan danceexercise 21. F2.F3. F4.T5.TTASK 21.family reunions football2.civil holiday religious spiritual Thanksgiving may be the only time of year wheneveryone gets together long-distance travel3.turkey side dishes sweet potatoes dessert pumpkinAdditional listeningEXERCISE 11. A2.D3.C4.B5.AEXERCISE 21. It is a program that lets foreign students work in the United States during their summer vacations. (The State Department administers it for full-time college or university students who speak English well. Students come on a J-1 exchange visa. They can work for up to four months during their school break. They generally work in service jobs in stores, hotels, restaurants and amusement parks. But summer internships are also permitted.)2. They are supposed to be paid the same as Americans.3. Sally Lawrence advices students to avoid unapproved groups offering services, and to researcha few different sponsors.4. Sponsors must confirm the English language ability of students and make sure they are currently in school.5. Sponsors do not all charge the same price for their services. Another difference: some sponsors arrange employment and housing for students before they leave home. Others permit students to find their own jobs after they arrive.PART 1Task1HOLIDAY FUN FOR EVERYONEIn china, the spring festival is the most important celebration of the year. Holiday celebrations take many forms; it can be a time to be merry, to exercise, to learn and to reflect. We take a look at how some Chinese people spend the holiday. Ask anyone about their spring festival plans, and the same place will always pop up.Temple fairs have been an integral part of spring festival rituals for many generations. While the general idea is to have fun and deliver silent prayers, there are various ways to accomplish this. People throw coins to strike a lucky bell or patiently join a zigzagging queue to touch a lucky zodiac animal on the wall. They are all asking for blessings.if yo u don’t like the cold winter weather, indoor temple fairs offer a cozy atmosphere to stroll around. Booths are set up selling everything from desserts to decorations. Toys in the shape of an ox are in hot demand.Elderly people like to sit down with a cup of tea, and tap their fingers to the rhythms of a Peking opera performance. The LaoShe Tea House in downtown Beijing is doing a bustling trade, not to be overshadowed by temple fairs.But for the adventurous type, it’s time to set out.With the global economic downturn eating into travel package prices and fuel surcharges suspended on domestic flights, this spring festival is a great time to travel in china or abroad. Travel agencies say airfare prices to foreign destinations have dropped thirty percent, with the Maldives, Bali, Sampan, all hot destinations.While some people are heading to the beach, others are hitting the slopes. Seeking an adrenalin rush, more and more Chinese people are taking up skiing. The sport requires a lot of energy, so does a class of fencing or taekwondo.After a spring festival feast, it may be time to burn a few calories. Hitting the gym is the choice for many commuters, who struggle to find time on workdays to work up a sweat.The new year hoopla is taking a quiet and elegant turn at an ongoing exhibition at the national art museum of china. The Chinese folk arts and crafts show gives a mind-boggling look at the country’s exquisite craftsmanship.Covering all nine halls of the museum’s first floor are 350 objects chosen from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on the Chinese mainland. Visitors receive more than a lesson on art. Each work comes with its own history to tell. This is the first ever exhibitions of Chinese folk arts and crafts in the museum’s 46-year history. The exhibition gives an insight into less well known traditions, and runs into early February.Browsing for the latest release at book fairs and in bookstores is another popular way to spend free time over the holiday.With so many options around, the question now is: how will you spend the holidays?Task 2Do you celebrate Christmas?CNN’s bill Schneider reports on a poll that looks at people who celebrate the Christmas holiday. Americans are divided over many religious issues, but Christmas is not one of them. In a CNN poll conducted by the opinion research corporation, 94% of Americans say they celebrate Christmas; nearly three quarters send Christmas cards and have a Christmas tree in their home. Oh, well, people do that for the kids? Nope, more than seventy percent of Americans who have no children at home put up a Christmas tree. Religious people, right? Nope. Even Americans whorarely go to church put up a Christmas tree. But what kind of tree? That’s where things are changing. Ten years ago, a third of Americans put up a real tree. Now that number is down to twenty-two percent. Today most Americans use artificial trees. Maybe because it’s cheaper than buying a new type tree every year; maybe because it is safer; maybe because people are more environmentally conscious, or maybe it is just easier. Putting up Christmas lights is not easy. But nearly six in ten Americans do it including this woman in Los Angeles who happens to be Jewish.I don’t think Santa Claus and talking snowman and flying reind eer and candy-cane trees have any religious significance at all.”She happens to live in an orthodox Jewish neighborhood. Are her neighbors offended? Some are, some are not.I am not an orthodox Jew, and I think it’s unusual that merry puts on, but you kno w, it is ok, doesn’t faze me. I think it’s pretty.Christmas is less and less likely to divide churchgoers and non-churchgoers, people with and without kids, even Christians and non-Christians. They can all agree on one thing: it is pretty. Part 2Task 1On 25th September this year, people all over China will be getting together to eat with their families, look at the moon and celebrate one of the biggest festivals in Chinese lunar calendar. However, the celebrations stretch far beyond the borders of china. Here in the UK events are taking place for Chinese people living here, and to teach the people of Britain more about this popular festival.The Soho theatre in London conducted a study which showed that Chinese Londoners don’t engage much with the arts world. As a result, moon walking in china has been created to celebrate the mid-autumn festival.This is no normal theatre production though, as it doesn’t take place in the theatre. Theatre professionals and volunteers from the local community will take audiences around the streets of Soho on a magical lantern-lit walk through the landmarks and backstreets of Chinatown.They tell the story of three generations of Chinese Londoners who all cross paths one night in Chinatown. Rabbits, karaoke and a woman who lives on the moon all feature prominently.It’s the Soho theatre’s first site-specific production and looks to be a unique way of marking the famous Chinese festival.And the celebrations don’t stop there! In early October the British museum is actually op ening late for a special free mid-autumn festival event. There will be Chinese musical performances, a guess-the mooncake-flavour game and you can learn how to perform a fan dance.You can also try your hand at a variety of other traditional Chinese arts and crafts, as well as learning mandarin and learning more about the history of china.The Chinese population in the UK is quite large, so no doubt there will be events happening not only in the capital, but all around the country.However you are celebrating, we hope you have fun. Happy mid-autumn festival from everyone at BBC learning English.TASK 2Thanksgiving: filled with family traditions and foodWelcome to this is American in VOA special English. I’m barber clineAnd I’m Steven ember. Our subject this week is what the writer o Henry called the one day that is purely American-thanksgivingThis Thursday is Thanksgiving Day. This is the 143rd official observance of the holiday. But the tradition is much older. Thanksgiving is an autumn harvest festival like those found in many cultures.Today the holiday is a time of family reunions, parades and watching football games on television. And, oh yes, food. For millions of Americans, thanksgiving is a day spent cooking, eating and talking.Thanksgiving is what the social scientists call a civil holiday. It is not religious but it does have spiritual meaning. For some families, thanksgiving may be the only time of year when everyone gets together. The government says the Sunday after thanksgiving is the busiest day of the year for long-distance travel as people return form greetings.Now we come to part of the holiday that thanksgiving memories are often made of-the big Thanksgiving Day meal. Some families serve ham. Others serve a meatless dinner. But the traditional main dish is turkey. Most people cook the bird in an over; some prepare the turkey other ways, like fried in oil.Turkey on thanksgiving is usually server with a bread mixture inside. Some Americans call it stuffing; others call it dressing. Popular side dishes on thanksgiving include cranberries, sweet potatoes and green beans. Then for a rich, sweet dessert there is often pumpkin pie or pecan pie. Many thanksgiving tables also are heavy with other dishes, often brought by guests. And if the guests eat all that is served, they too will feel heavy.Some people like fruit soup, green salads and baked potatoes with their turkey. Others like baked squash, creamed onions, creamed spinach and corn pudding. Many people eat more at thanksgiving than any other time of the year.For people who do not have much food or a home to go to at thanksgiving, charity groups play an important part. To help the needy, religious and service organizations across the country serve special thanksgiving meals.Additional listeningSummer work/travel brings many students to usThis is the VOA special English education report.This week, we answer a question from a student in Odessa, Ukraine. Marushra wants to know about a program that lets foreign student work in the United States during their summer vacations. The program is called summer work/travel. The State Department administers it for full-time college or university students who speak English well.Students come on a J-1 exchange visa. They can work for up to four months during their school break. They generally work in service jobs in stores, hotels, restaurants and amusement parks. But summer internships are also permitted.Summer in this case means summer in the student’s country. Those from south of he equator come to the united states during the northern winter.Students cannot work as housekeepers in private homes or be involved in patient care. And they are supposed to be paid the same ad Americans.Congress created this popular program under a nineteen sixty-one law, the mutual educational and cultural exchange act. Last year, one hundred fifty thousand students came to the United States this way.Students can do the summer work/travel program more than once.Sally Lawrence heads the state department office responsible for the program. She says students should begin to gather information a year before they want to travel.More than fifty organizations are approved to act as sponsors. Sally Lawrence advices students to avoid unapproved groups offering services, and to research a few different sponsors.Sponsors must confirm the English language ability of students and make sure they are currently in school. But sponsors do not all charge the same price for their services.Another difference: some sponsors arrange employment and housing for students before they leave home. Others permit students to find their own jobs after they arrive.Sally Lawrence says the first thing to do is to find the list of sponsors on the web page for J visa exchange programs.The address is a little long, but here it is: /education/jexchanges. Click on designated sponsor list, then choose summer work/travel under category description. For more information about the program, go to the main page and click on private sector programs.To make it easier, we’ll post a link at . And that’s the VOA special English education report, written by Nancy Steinbach. I’m Steven ember.。

Unit 7Opening upAnswers1.b2.b3.a4.b5.a6.a7.B(At night,the temperature on Mars may reach a slow about minus 153 degrees Celsius at the poles.)8.a9.a(butterflies have taste receptors on their feet . They can taste their food by standing on ti.)10.b(Hummingbirds are the only birds that are able to fly backwards.)Listening to the world Sharing1.Reference answersThe people in the podcast talk about whether they like to live in the countryside or in the city ,what animals they like and what animals they are scared of.2.Answers√ 12（As she’s getting older,sheincreasingly wants to visit the countryside more and more.)√ 3√ 45 (She enjoys taking weekendsout of London.)6 (He’s lived in the countrysidefor about 37 years.)3.Answers1.C2.A3.F4.D5.E6.B4.Answers1) Snakes2) the end3) hate4) scared of5) afraid of6) horses7) frighten8) scares9) memories10) sharks11) unknown(See T113 for Scripts)2.Reference answersThree problems are mentioned.They are related to water,animals and the weather.3.Reference answers1)envir.probs. 3)2050 5)popu.2)> 6 bil. 4)> 9 bil. 6)probs.4.Reference answers1)3 7)> 13)150000km22)probs. 8)diffi. 14）the weather3)Water 9)animals 15)↑4)< 10)↑16)↑5)4.52L 11)↓17)↑6)600L 12)Rainf.Viewing2.Answers1(The documentary is aboutJonna Lumley’s experience of seeing the magical Northern Lights.√ 2√ 33.Answers1.C2.C3.A4.A4.Answers1. beautiful2. magical3. lovely4.fantastic5.happy6.astonishingSpeaking for communication Role-play2.Answers1.B2.A3.A3.Answerse-a-c-b-d-f-g4.Answers1.can’t be2.is definitely not3.must be4.Maybe it’s5.It’s definitely not6.might beAnswersPicture A:a shark’s toothPicture B:a chameleon’s(变色龙）skinPicture C:an eagle’s eyePicture D:a dog’s noseGroup discussionGet ideas1.Answers1.It’s Fish River Canyon in Namibia.2.It is very big and amazingly quiet.2.AnswersThe expressions you hear are 1,2,3,5 and 8.Further practice in listeningShort conversationsAnswers1.C2.A3.B4.D5.DAnswers1.D2.C3.D4.AAnswers1.C2.C3.A4.CPassage 2Scripts and answers1)participated 2)access 3)tremendous4)currently 5)incredible 6)accompany7)remarkable 8)amazing 9)catching a glimpse of 10)looking forward to。

英语听力教程U n i t7答案及听力原文-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit 7 Fame and FortunePart I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1：magazine 2：newspaper 3：Microsoft Company 4：successful 5：richest 6：3rd 7：1955 8：Washington 9：computers 10：13 11：baseball12：football 13：computer programs 14：perform 15：high16：computer language 17：Basic 18：valuable 19：office20：home 21：established 22：1975 23：three 24：computer software25：established 26：nternational 27：usiness 28：achines 29：198130：personal computer 31：operating system 32 ：129 33：computer companies34：Windows 35：easier 36：officials 37：4000000038：thousands of millions of dollars 39：16 000 40：48 41：30 42：100Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesA. Keys:1: quailty2: re-engineering3: velocityB. Keys:1: communication 2: e-mail3: sales data online 4: insights5: knowledge workers 6: high-level thinking7: create virtual teams8: paper process 9: digital process10: eliminate single-task jobs11: digital feedback loop12: route customer complaints13: redefine the boundaries14: business process 15: just-in-time delivery16: eliminate the middle man17: help customers solve problemsPart III Great business dealsA. Keys:1: NATIONAL STEAMSHIP2: 20 000 3: Aristotle Onassis4: 6 000 5: American6: Big Ben 7: 1 000 8: tourist9: Buckingham Palace 10: 2 00011: The White House 12: 100 00013: The Statue of Liberty 14: 100 000 15: AustralianB. Keys:1: boom 2: world depression 3: millionaire4: identified 5: fraud 6: five 7: California 8: luxuryPart IV More about the topic: Walt Disney1: correspondence course 2: Oswald the Rabbit 3: talking cartoon film4: Walt Disney himself5: storyteller6: Ub Iwerks7: 35; feature-length cartoon film; 2 000 000; three8: potential9: 55; 17 000 00027: taste; vulgarity; children of all agesPart V Do you know…1: $24 worth of kettles, axes and cloth.2: $80 000 000.3: $27 000 000.4: About 12 cents.5: About 800 000 square miles.6: About 1 600 000 square miles.7: $7 200 000.8: About 5 cents.9: $750 000 000 worth.10: An estimated 100 000 000 000 tons.Tape scriptPart I Getting readyA.B.In the past few years, hundreds of magazine and newspaper stories have been written about Bill Gates and his company, the reason the Microsoft Company is extremely successful. It has made Bill Gate one of the richest men in the world. William Gates the 3rd was born in 1955, in a western city of Seattle, Washington. He became interested in computers when he was 13 years old. When most young boys his age were playing baseball or football, young Bill Gates was learning to write computer programs. These programs tell computers how to perform useful tasks. Bill Gate attended Harvard University after high school. At Harvard, he began developing the computer language called Basic. He began to think that the computer would someday become a valuable tool that could be used in every office and home. Bill Gate returned to Seattle where he established the Microsoft Company in 1975. It employed only three workers. Microsoftdeveloped computer software for established American companies, like General Electric and Citibank. Soon Microsoft was working with the International Business Machines Company known as IBM. In 1981,IBM began selling a personal computer that used Microsoft products as part of its operating system. By then, Microsoft had 129 workers. Today IBM still uses Microsoft's computer operating system. So do many other computer companies. One of the most famous Microsoft products is a program called Windows. Windows makes it much easier to use a computer. Company officials say Microsoft has sold about 40 000 000 copies of the Windows program around the world. Microsoft does thousands of millions of dollars in business each year. It now has more than 16 000 workers in more than 48 countries. Microsoft today produces computer programs in 30 languages and sells them in more than 100 countries.Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesIf the 1980s were about quality and the 1990s were about re-engineering, then the 2000s will be about velocity. About how quickly business itself will be transacted. About how information access will alter the life-style of consumers and their expectations of business. Quality improvements and business-process improvements will occur far faster. When the increase in velocity is great enough, the very nature of business changes.To function in the digital age, we have developed a new digital infrastructure. It's like the human nervous system. Companies need to have that same kind of nervous system — the ability to run smoothly and efficiently, to respond quickly to emergencies and opportunities to quickly get valuable information to the people in the company who need it, the ability to quickly make decisions and interact with customers.The successful companies of the next decade will be the ones that use digital tools to reinvent the way they work. To make digital information flow an intrinsic part of your company, here are 12 key steps.1. Insist that communication flow through e-mail.2. Study sales data online to share insights easily.3. Shift knowledge workers into high-level thinking.4. Use digital tools to create virtual teams.5. Convert every paper process to a digital process.6. Use digital tools to eliminate single-task jobs.7. Create a digital feedback loop.8. Use digital systems to route customer complaints immediately.9. Use digital communication to redefine the boundaries.10. Transform every business process into just-in-time delivery.11. Use digital delivery to eliminate the middle man.12. Use digital tools to help customers solve problems for themselves.As I said in The Road Ahead, we always overestimate the change that will occur in the next two years and underestimate the change that will occur in the next 10. Don't let yourself be lulled into inaction.You know you have built an excellent digital nervous system when information flows through your organization as quickly and naturally as thought in a human being and when you can use technology to marshal and coordinate teams of people as quickly as you can focus an individual on an issue. It's business at the speed of thought. Part III Great business deals1.In the … er … late 1920s, early 1930s, there was a … a young Greek businessman who …er … made quite a lot of money … er … by importing tobacco into Argentina. Um … he then moved up to North America … er … this was in about … er … 1933, when of course the world was in the middle of a … a trade slump. Er … he … er … decided he wanted to get into shipping, and to get into shipping he needed ships so he … he started looking around for some ships to buy with his tobacco fortune and he found ten vessels … er …which belonged to the Canadian National Steamship Company … er … the problem bei ng that they were frozen into the ice in the St Lawrence River in Canada. They'd been rusting away there for two years and were now completely filled up with snow and ice.Er … in fact the story goes that when he went aboard to … er … inspect one of the sh ips, he fell into a snowdrift and … er … ended up on the deck below. Well, the ships had cost $2 million to build … er … about ten years before, and the owners were prepared to let them go just for a … a scrap price of … er … $30 000 each. He offered $20,000 and the owners accepted.He left them there, stuck in the ice, there was nothing more he could do. Er … but a few years later, the … the world depression … er … came to an end and … er … world war seemed to be looming in Europe and, of course, that led in its turn to a … bit of a shipping boom. So the young man, there he was with his ships and … er … he became one of the richest men in the world. His name was … Aristotle Onassis.2.Once upon a time there was an enterprising Scottish actor, called Arthur Furguson, whodiscovered that he could make a very good living selling things that didn't actually belong to him, in other words he was a con man. He first got the idea when he was sitting in the middle of Trafalgar Square (in London that is). Um … this was in 1923, and he saw an American tourist admiring the stone lions and the fountains and Nelson's Column. He introduced himself as the "official guide" to the Square and started to explain the history of the place. And while he was doing this he also slipped in a little mention that as Britain was heavily in debt, the British government was looking for the right kind of person to buy the Square. He said that he was the official government salesman and that the asking price was around ￡6 000. The American said that this was a good price and offered to pay by cheque right away, so Mr. Furguson went off to okay this with his superiors — in other words he went off for an hour and a half and kept the American waiting. Well, he then came back and said, yes, they were willing to sell to the American at that price. The American wrote a check and Furguson gave him a receipt and the address of a company who would dismantle the Square and get it ready for shipping it to the States. Then he went off to cash the check.Soon after that he sold Big Ben for ￡1 000 and took a down payment on Buckingham Palace of ￡2 000. Two years later he went to the United States and leased the White House to a Texas cattleman for 99 years for $100 000 per annum. Later he arranged to sell the Statue of Liberty to an Australian for $100 000, but unfortunately Furguson allowed the buyer to take a photograph of him and the Australian, feeling slightly suspicious, showed the photograph to the police. Furguson was identified and sent to prison for fraud for five years. When he came out he retired to California, where he livedin luxury until he died in 1938.Part IV More about the topic: alt DisneyPresenter:Walt Disney is well known as the creator of Mickey Mouse and the inventor of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, but his creationsare better known than his life. Peter Spencer is the author of anew book about Disney. What was Walt Disney's background Peter:Walter Elias Disney was born in 1901 in Chicago but actually he was brought up in a small town in the Mid-West near Kansas City,Missouri, which incidentally was later used as the model for MainStreet U.S.A. in Disneyland. Um ... he first studies cartooning, youknow, by doing a correspondence course. During the First WorldWar he worked as a … a driver for the American Red Cross butafter the war he returned to Kansas City where he met a guycalled Ub Iwerks. Now they … er … started to work together on aseries of experimental-type films ... um … and after a while theyset off to California to join Walt's elder brother Roy who was livingthere in Los Angeles.Presenter:When did Mickey Mouse first appear?Peter:Ah, well, Disney and Iwerks first invented a character calledOswald the Rabbit but then in 1928 a new character was born:cheerful, sometimes rather naughty, energetic mouse with largefunny ears. Yes, it was Mickey and he appeared for the first timein the first talking cartoon film, called Steamboat Willie. Er … notmany people know this but Walt Disney actually provided thevoice for Mickey. By the way, he was almost called "MortimerMouse", which doesn't have the same kind of ring to it, or does itWell, Roy and Walt gathered a team of artists … er … illustratorstogether … um … by this time Ub Iwerks had left them an d startedhis own company, this was in 1930, and Disney Studios, as theycalled themselves, starting … started to produce the famous shortcartoons with … starring Mickey and Minnie and Donald Duck andPluto and Goofy. Er … Roy was the business manager and drivingforce behind the company … er … making it very profitable andWalt was more the … er … imaginative, creative part of thepartnership.Presenter:What kind of man was Walt DisneyPeter:Well, according to the artists who worked for him Walt actually couldn't draw very well … er … most of the characters wereactually drawn by Iwerks, but apparently he was an amazingstoryteller. He would act out the stories of films doing all thevoices and actions to show the illustrators what he wanted themto do and then they had to go off and try to recreate hisvisualizations.Presenter:The most famous cartoon of all was Snow White — and the best I still think.Peter:Mm, yeah, it was the first feature-length cartoon and it was released in … er … 1935. Now, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfsrequired two million drawings and took three years' work tomake. Um … obviously it was … er … very expensive, particularlyfor those times. By the way, the British film censor gave it anAdult certificate because he thought that it would be toofrightening for little children to see on their own. Er … that wasfollowed by Pinocchio and Fantasia in 1940, Dumbo in 1941.And … er … the Disney Studios also started making … um … somerather low-budget live action feature fi lms for children … er …something which the other studios didn't dare risk doing. Er …some of his films mixed live action with cartoons —er … I'mthinking about Mary Poppins, which I think we've probably allseen, made in 1964, where cartoon characters a nd … and the reallife actors appeared together on screen and talked and dancedand sang together. Disney was one of the first to see the potentialof television, all the other studios were afraid of this medium.Um … so he started to produce films directly for television and …and now of course there's a Disney Channel showing only Disneyfilms.Presenter:And then he dreamt up Disneyland, didn't hePeter:Ah, "dreamt" is the right word. Disneyland was a creation of the land of his dreams: safe, happy, clean, fairy-tale world with itsown Magic Kingdom. The original Disneyland was opened in LosAngeles in 1955 and it cost $17 million. Walt died in 1966 but hewas already working on plans for the Disney World in Orlando,Florida, which opened in 1971, and the EPCOT Center near WaltDisney World — that's the "Experimental Prototype CommunityOf Tomorrow", by the way. And there's also a … a TokyoDisneyland, which was opened in … um … 1983.Presenter:And … and now there's even an Euro Disneyland near Pa ris, I think.Peter:Yes, that's right. Um … and the Disney Studios still continue to produce films in the … the house style, the Walt Disney style andpresumably it always will. Disney's films appealed … um … and stilldo appeal to children of all ages, but people often criticize themfor their lack of taste and they say they're vulgar, but Disney said,"I've never called this art. It's show business and I'm a showman."Well, can you imagine a world without Mickey Mouse? Presenter:Peter Spencer, thank you.Part V Do you know…1. The best real estate deal in historyEven in the days when America was known as the New World, it was a country with a reputation for its spirit of enterprise and the ability of its people to make a good deal.When the settlers started negotiating, the natives hardly knew what had hit them — and in the summer of 1626, probably the most spectacular real estate coup in history took place. Governor Peter Minuit of the Dutch West India Company had the job of buying Manhattan Island from the Indians.After some haggling with Chief Manhasset, the price was agreed at 24 dollars' worth of kettles, axes and cloth.Today, $24 would not buy one square foot of office space in New York City, and an office block in central Manhattan changes hands for around $80 million. Even allowing for inflation, Minuit got himself a real bargain.2. Not again, Josephine!You would think that the Manhattan deal would remain a one-off for ever. But less than two centuries later the loser was Napoleon, Emperor of France and (in his early years, at least) a brilliant military tactician.In 1803, Napoleon had his mind on European affairs (in particular, an invasion of Britain), so he decided to dispense with France's American possessions.He sold the entire Mississippi valley, an area of 828 000 square miles extending from Canada down to the Gulf of Mexico and westwards to the Rockies, for just over 27 million dollars. Through this deal, known as the Louisiana purchase, President Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the United States for only around 5 cents per acre.3. Nice ice at a reasonable priceNapoleon did just manage to reach Moscow in his ill-fated invasion of 1812 — but it would seem that news of his poor American deal did not.For, astonishingly, the Russians went on to become the third victims of major land deals with America.On March 30th 1867, the U.S. Secretary of State, William Seward, bought Alaska from Tsar Alexander II for a mere $7.2 million —thereby acquiring another 586 000 square miles of territory for less than 2 cents per acre.The Tsar presumably thought that this remote, frozen and virtually uninhabited piece of land had nothing at all to commend it — and at first, the American people agreed with him, for Alaska was known as "Seward's folly" and "Seward's ice box" for years.In 1896, however, gold was struck at Klondike in the Yukon, and since then, over 750 million dollars' worth has been mined.In 1968, black gold was discovered —and an estimated 100 billion tons of coal are also lying underground, just waiting to be dug up.。

Economy1Task One: Gold Rush(Karen Koh, Anchor)Well, the hope that the conflict in Iraq will be solved diplomatically continues to take the shine out of gold markets. But for investors who still consider the precious metal a safer haven than the markets, Paula Hancocks looks at what you can get for your money.(Paula Hancocks)Diamonds may be a girl’s best friend, but when times are hard, you’re better off with gold.As equities fall, gold looks attractive. As the US dollar weakens, gold looks like a flight to quality. And as political uncertainty hits confidence and growth, gold is a favorite safe haven. Not surprising then, the price has risen almost 85 dollars an ounce in the last year alone. But how doyou go about buying it?(Mike Temple, Gold Investmenter)It’s best if you’ve got 10,000 dollars to either buy bullion coins. Preferably the Krugerrand, cause they’re cheaper as there’s a big market for them...(Paula Hancocks)My unfortunately theoretical 10,000 dollars, would buy me either 30 Krugerrand, or about nine 100 gram bars. But the hidden cost of buying physical gold is in the storage and the security.Another option is to put your money into a mutual fund. That way your investing in the shares of gold mining companies, like the world number one, US based Newmont Mining. The Merrill Lynch Gold and General Trust rose 53 percent last year as global stock markets fell.(Rchichard Davis)We would advise investors to only put a very small part of their portfolio into the gold shares.We would say maybe only 3 to 5 percent of their portfolio should be invested in gold equities. Because, they can do very well when the gold price moves up, but they can also perform quite poorly if the gold price moves down.(Paula Hancocks)Gold is ce rtainly back in fashion. Although if you’re looking purely for profit, the experts saythat buying gold jewelry is probably not the best option, as you are paying a lot more for workmanship. Although from a purely aesthetic point of view, this does look far better around my neck than a gold bar. With jewelry, you’re also paying for the shop markup. It has to be a case of mixing business with pleasure.(Ajit Mulia)At least you have it with you, it’s controlled by you, Rat her than these foreign managers and stockbrokers, you know. You can wear it, you can use, and in a rainy day, you know, you can dispose it, And get the full price of your gold back.2(Paula Hancocks)The price of gold may have been hovering around six-year highs in recent days, but those in the know say the precious metal is still cheap, below 350 dollars an ounce, when it hit as high as 850 dollars in 1980. Task Two: Celebrating 10 Years of the EuroFinance ministers from the European Union member countries have attended the Brussels Economic Forum. The two-day event is to celebrate ten years of the European Monetary Union and also the Euro currency.In his opening remark to the forum Thursday, the Euro Group President gave his assessment of the Economic and Monetary Union’s achievements and t he challenges ahead.(Jean-Claude Juncker, president of Euro group)“It’s obvious that the euro has been a success. It was not easy to come to a merger of 15 national currencies into one single currency. This single currency has developed into the second l argest currency reserve area. This single currency is protecting us against external shocks.”The Forum comes at a time when EU nations are still reluctant to give up their individual seats at major global economic talks in favor of EU seat.The European Commission is pushing for the 15 Euro nations to take a joint Euro seat at key economic institutions such as the G-Seven.In 1998, EU leaders named the eleven countries that would merge their currencies into the single unit, the Euro, but it took 4 years for the countries to physically adopt the Euro.Since 2002, other nations have joined the group and there are now 15 countries in the Euro zone.Task Three: Bring Your Finger into the Store(Hattori)What if you could buy a week’s worth of groceries without ever handing over a credit card, debit card, check or any cash? It may sound impossible, but a Seattle store has the technology to make it happen. Deborah Feldman from our affiliate KING TV has the story.(Deborah Feldman )For some people, paying for groceries with a debit card is novel enough, but for others, carrying a wallet full of cash and credit cards is nothing short of a hassle. That’s why on Wednesday, this Thriftway will start giving customers the option of using finger image technology as a way to pay for their everyday produce.(Paul Kapioski, store owner )You don’t need to bring your card into the store. You just need to bring your finger.(Feldman)Thriftway’s owner says this is the first time biometrics will be used in a Seattle store. Up unti l this point, it’s only been discussed as a safety measure in airports or home and business security systems. Depending on the system, people can use their fingers or their eyes as a personal security code.In this case, Thriftway’s system uses just a third of a person’s fingerprint to verify3 the customer is who she claims to be, and then automatically links to their accounts, so no fears of stolen identities.(Kapioski)In the Seattle area, we’re so used to new technical things. I think it will be a big hi t. (Feldman)But it’s not a big hit with everyone. Some worry of voluntary fingerprint scan in this store could lead to non-optional screening devices down the line.(Unidentified Female)It does not sound like something I would want to do.(Feldman)Why not?(Unidentified Female)Because I think that we’re embarking on some pretty serious privacy issues. (Feldman)But for others, efficiency outweighs any Orwellian theories.(Unidentified Female)You know, if I don’t have to carry my credit cards and all my bank cards and all of that, that would be sounding pretty good.(Unidentified Male)I’ve been fingerprinted before so it doesn’t matter.(Feldman)So you would probably do it?(Unidentified Male)Probably.RMB Appreciation Impacts Overseas Workers in ChinaNow the rise in the value of the Chinese yuan is influencing the earnings of overseas workers here in China. Those who get paid in US dollars are beginning to feel a real pinch in their wallets. The exchange rate of the yuan against the US dollar isn’t just a figure. It’s turned out to be real money in people’s pockets, especially for overseas people working in the Chinese mainland. (Tong Cheng, Director of Beijing Bureau of Al Jazeera)“Naturally, it’s my choice to paid in RMB, because RMB has appreciated considerably in the last 12 months. The reality for me is that my salary has gone down about 20 percent in the past two years.”While some are just complaining about their shrinking salaries, some have made it official by asking to be paid in RMB.(Andy Thruong, Executive Principal of Beijing Concord College of Sino-Canada)“The yuan has been appreciating, which makes it more fair for us to be paid in RMB. We hope the school board will solve the problem.”At the current rate, one US dollar can now be exchanged for about 7.3 yuan , compared with8.2 yuan two years ago. This means the US dollar has depreciated around 13 percent, directly4 impacting overseas workers in China.But experts say for those people work for foreign-funded companies. Their salaries are based on their companies’ overseas profits. All this makes it difficult for them to be paid in RMB.练习答案Unit Seven EconomyTask One: Gold Rush1. Multiple Choice: 1) ACD 2) ABD 3) BD 4) C 5). AC2. Spot Dictation: 1) better off 2) equities 3) the US dollar weakens4) political uncertainty 5) safe haven 6) 85 dollars an ounce7) there ’s a big market for them 8). storage and the security9) mutual fund 10) global stock markets fellTask Two: Celebrating 10 years of the Euro1. Multiple Choice: 1) A 2) BD 3) BC 4) ACD 5) ABTask Three: Bring you finger into the store1. Multiple Choices:1) ABCD 2) ACD 3) BCD 4) ABD 5) ABCD2. Spot Dictation: 1) novel 2). cash and credit cards 3). hassle4). finger image technology 5). new technical things 6).a big hit7). fingerprint scan 8). non-optional 9). privacy issues 10). fingerprinted。

Unit 7 Fame and FortunePart I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1：magazine 2：newspaper 3：Microsoft Company 4：successful 5：richest6：3rd 7：1955 8：Washington 9：computers 10：13 11：baseball12：football 13：computer programs 14：perform 15：high16：computer language 17：Basic 18：valuable 19：office20：home 21：established 22：1975 23：three 24：computer software25：established 26：nternational 27：usiness 28：achines 29：198130：personal computer 31：operating system 32 ：129 33：computer companies 34：Windows 35：easier 36：officials 37：38：thousands of millions of dollars 39：16 000 40：48 41：30 42：100Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesA. Keys:1: quailty2: re-engineering3: velocityB. Keys:1: communication 2: e-mail3: sales data online 4: insights5: knowledge workers 6: high-level thinking7: create virtual teams8: paper process 9: digital process10: eliminate single-task jobs11: digital feedback loop12: route customer complaints13: redefine the boundaries14: business process 15: just-in-time delivery16: eliminate the middle man17: help customers solve problemsPart III Great business dealsA. Keys:1: NATIONAL STEAMSHIP2: 20 000 3: Aristotle Onassis4: 6 000 5: American6: Big Ben 7: 1 000 8: tourist9: Buckingham Palace 10: 2 00011: The White House 12: 100 00013: The Statue of Liberty 14: 100 000 15: AustralianB. Keys:1: boom 2: world depression 3: millionaire4: identified 5: fraud 6: five 7: California 8: luxuryPart IV More about the topic: Walt Disney1: correspondence course 2: Oswald the Rabbit 3: talking cartoon film4: Walt Disney himself5: storyteller6: Ub Iwerks7: 35; feature-length cartoon film; 2 000 000; three8: potential9: 55; 17 000 00027: taste; vulgarity; children of all agesPart V Do you know…1: $24 worth of kettles, axes and cloth.2: $80 000 000.3: $27 000 000.4: About 12 cents.5: About 800 000 square miles.6: About 1 600 000 square miles.7: $7 200 000.8: About 5 cents.9: $750 000 000 worth.10: An estimated 100 000 000 000 tons.Tape scriptPart I Getting readyA.B.In the past few years, hundreds of magazine and newspaper stories have been written about Bill Gates and his company, the reason the Microsoft Company is extremely successful. It has made Bill Gate one of the richest men in the world. William Gates the 3rd was born in 1955, in a western city of Seattle, Washington. He became interested in computers when he was 13 years old. When most young boys his age were playing baseball or football, young Bill Gates was learning to write computer programs. These programs tell computers how to perform useful tasks. Bill Gate attended Harvard University after high school. At Harvard, he began developing the computer language called Basic. He began to think that the computer would someday become a valuable tool that could be used in every office and home. Bill Gate returned to Seattle where he established the Microsoft Company in 1975. It employed only three workers. Microsoft developed computer software for established American companies,like General Electric and Citibank. Soon Microsoft was working with the International Business Machines Company known as IBM. In 1981,IBM began selling a personal computer that used Microsoft products as part of its operating system. By then, Microsoft had 129 workers. Today IBM still uses Microsoft's computer operating system. So do many other computer companies. One of the most famous Microsoft products is a program called Windows. Windows makes it much easier to use a computer. Company officials say Microsoft has sold about 40 000 000 copies of the Windows program around the world. Microsoft does thousands of millions of dollars in business each year. It now has more than 16 000 workers in more than 48 countries. Microsoft today produces computer programs in 30 languages and sells them in more than 100 countries.Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesIf the 1980s were about quality and the 1990s were about re-engineering, then the 2000s will be about velocity. About how quickly business itself will be transacted. About how information access will alter the life-style of consumers and their expectations of business. Quality improvements and business-process improvements will occur far faster. When the increase in velocity is great enough, the very nature of business changes.To function in the digital age, we have developed a new digital infrastructure. It's like the human nervous system. Companies need to have that same kind of nervous system — the ability to run smoothly and efficiently, to respond quickly to emergencies and opportunities to quickly get valuable information to the people in the company who need it, the ability to quickly make decisions and interact with customers. The successful companies of the next decade will be the ones that use digital tools to reinvent the way they work. To make digital information flow an intrinsic part of your company, here are 12 key steps.1. Insist that communication flow through e-mail.2. Study sales data online to share insights easily.3. Shift knowledge workers into high-level thinking.4. Use digital tools to create virtual teams.5. Convert every paper process to a digital process.6. Use digital tools to eliminate single-task jobs.7. Create a digital feedback loop.8. Use digital systems to route customer complaints immediately.9. Use digital communication to redefine the boundaries.10. Transform every business process into just-in-time delivery.11. Use digital delivery to eliminate the middle man.12. Use digital tools to help customers solve problems for themselves.As I said in The Road Ahead, we always overestimate the change that will occur in the next two years and underestimate the change that will occur in the next 10. Don't let yourself be lulled into inaction.You know you have built an excellent digital nervous system when information flows through your organization as quickly and naturally as thought in a human being and when you can use technology to marshal and coordinate teams of people as quickly as you can focus an individual on an issue. It's business at the speed of thought.Part III Great business deals1.In the … er … late 1920s, early 1930s, there was a … a young Greekbusinessman who … er … made quite a lot of money … er … by importing tobacco into Argentina. Um … he then moved up to North America … er … this was in about … er … 1933, when of course the world was in the middle of a …a trade slump. Er … he … er … decided he wanted to get into shipping, andto get in to shipping he needed ships so he … he started looking around for some ships to buy with his tobacco fortune and he found ten vessels … er …which belonged to the Canadian National Steamship Company … er … the problem being that they were frozen into the ice in the St Lawrence River in Canada.They'd been rusting away there for two years and were now completely filled up with snow and ice. Er … in fact the story goes that when he went aboard to … er … inspect one of the ships, he fell into a snowdrift and …er …ended up on the deck below. Well, the ships had cost $2 million to build …er … about ten years before, and the owners were prepared to let them go just for a … a scrap price of … er … $30 000 each. He offered $20,000 and the owners accepted.He left them there, stuck in the ice, there was nothing more he could do.Er … but a few years later, the … the world depression … er … came to an end and … er … world war seemed to be looming in Europe and, of course, that led in its turn to a … bit of a shippi ng boom. So the young man, there he was with his ships and … er … he became one of the richest men in the world. His name was … Aristotle Onassis.2.Once upon a time there was an enterprising Scottish actor, called ArthurFurguson, who discovered that he could make a very good living selling things that didn't actually belong to him, in other words he was a con man. He first got the idea when he was sitting in the middle of Trafalgar Square (in London that is). Um … this was in 1923, and he saw an America n tourist admiring the stone lions and the fountains and Nelson's Column. He introduced himself as the "official guide" to the Square and started to explain the history of the place. And while he was doing this he also slipped in a little mention that as Britain was heavily in debt, the British government was looking for the right kind of person to buy the Square. He said that he was the official government salesman and that the asking price was around ￡6 000. The American said that this was a good price and offered to pay by cheque rightaway, so Mr. Furguson went off to okay this with his superiors — in other words he went off for an hour and a half and kept the American waiting. Well, he then came back and said, yes, they were willing to sell to the American at that price. The American wrote a check and Furguson gave him a receipt and the address of a company who would dismantle the Square and get it ready for shipping it to the States. Then he went off to cash the check.Soon after that he sold Big Ben for ￡1 000 and took a down payment on Buckingham Palace of ￡2 000. Two years later he went to the United States and leased the White House to a Texas cattleman for 99 years for $100 000 per annum. Later he arranged to sell the Statue of Liberty to an Australian for $100 000, but unfortunately Furguson allowed the buyer to take a photograph of him and the Australian, feeling slightly suspicious, showed the photograph to the police. Furguson was identified and sent to prison for fraud for five years. When he came out he retired to California, where he lived in luxury until he died in 1938.Part IV More about the topic: alt DisneyPresenter:Walt Disney is well known as the creator of Mickey Mouse and the inventor of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, but his creationsare better known than his life. Peter Spencer is the author ofa new book about Disney. What was Walt Disney's backgroundPeter:Walter Elias Disney was born in 1901 in Chicago but actually he was brought up in a small town in the Mid-West near Kansas City,Missouri, which incidentally was later used as the model for MainStreet in Disneyland. Um ... he first studies cartooning, youknow, by doing a correspondence course. During the First WorldWar he worked as a … a driver for the American R ed Cross but afterthe war he returned to Kansas City where he met a guy called UbIwerks. Now they … er … started to work together on a seriesof experimental-type films ... um … and after a while they setoff to California to join Walt's elder brother Roy who was livingthere in Los Angeles.Presenter:When did Mickey Mouse first appearPeter:Ah, well, Disney and Iwerks first invented a character called Oswald the Rabbit but then in 1928 a new character was born:cheerful, sometimes rather naughty, energetic mouse with largefunny ears. Yes, it was Mickey and he appeared for the first timein the first talking cartoon film, called Steamboat Willie. Er …not many people know this but Walt Disney actually provided thevoice for Mickey. By the way, he was almost called "MortimerMouse", which doesn't have the same kind of ring to it, or doesit Well, Roy and Walt gathered a team of artists … er …illustrators together … um … by this time Ub Iwerks had leftthem and started his own company, this was in 1930, and DisneyStudios, as they called themselves, starting … started to producethe famous short cartoons with … starring Mickey and Minnie andDonald Duck and Pluto and Goofy. Er … Roy was the business managerand driving force behind the company … er … m aking it veryprofitable and Walt was more the … er … imaginative, creativepart of the partnership.Presenter:What kind of man was Walt DisneyPeter:Well, according to the artists who worked for him Walt actually couldn't draw very well … er … most of the characters wereactually drawn by Iwerks, but apparently he was an amazingstoryteller. He would act out the stories of films doing all thevoices and actions to show the illustrators what he wanted themto do and then they had to go off and try to recreate hisvisualizations.Presenter:The most famous cartoon of all was Snow White — and the best I still think.Peter:Mm, yeah, it was the first feature-length cartoon and it was released in … er … 1935. Now, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfsrequired two million drawings and took three years' work to make.Um … obviously it was … er … very expensive, particularly forthose times. By the way, the British film censor gave it an Adultcertificate because he thought that it would be too frighteningfo r little children to see on their own. Er … that was followedby Pinocchio and Fantasia in 1940, Dumbo in 1941. And … er …the Disney Studios also started making … um … some ratherlow-budget live action feature films for children … er …something which th e other studios didn't dare risk doing. Er …some of his films mixed live action with cartoons —er … I'mthinking about Mary Poppins, which I think we've probably allseen, made in 1964, where cartoon characters and … and the reallife actors appeared together on screen and talked and danced andsang together. Disney was one of the first to see the potentialof television, all the other studios were afraid of this medium.Um … so he started to produce films directly for television and …and now of course there's a Disney Channel showing only Disneyfilms.Presenter:And then he dreamt up Disneyland, didn't hePeter:Ah, "dreamt" is the right word. Disneyland was a creation of the land of his dreams: safe, happy, clean, fairy-tale world with itsown Magic Kingdom. The original Disneyland was opened in LosAngeles in 1955 and it cost $17 million. Walt died in 1966 buthe was already working on plans for the Disney World in Orlando,Florida, which opened in 1971, and the EPCOT Center near WaltDisney World — that's the "Experimental Prototype Community OfTomorrow", by the way. And there's also a … a Tokyo Disneyland,which was opened in … um … 1983.Presenter:And … and now there's even an Euro Disneyland near Paris, I think.Peter:Yes, that's right. Um … and the Disney Studios still continue to produce films in the … the house style, the Walt Disney styleand presumably it always will. Disney's films appealed … um …and still do appeal to children of all ages, but people oftencriticize them for their lack of taste and they say they're vulgar,but Disney said, "I've never called this art. It's show businessand I'm a showman." Well, can you imagine a world without MickeyMousePresenter:Peter Spencer, thank you.Part V Do you know…1. The best real estate deal in historyEven in the days when America was known as the New World, it was a country with a reputation for its spirit of enterprise and the ability of its people to make a good deal.When the settlers started negotiating, the natives hardly knew what had hit them — and in the summer of 1626, probably the most spectacular real estate coup in history took place.Governor Peter Minuit of the Dutch West India Company had the job of buying Manhattan Island from the Indians.After some haggling with Chief Manhasset, the price was agreed at 24 dollars' worth of kettles, axes and cloth.Today, $24 would not buy one square foot of office space in New York City, and an office block in central Manhattan changes hands for around $80 million. Even allowing for inflation, Minuit got himself a real bargain.2. Not again, Josephine!You would think that the Manhattan deal would remain a one-off for ever. But less than two centuries later the loser was Napoleon, Emperor of France and (in his early years, at least) a brilliant military tactician.In 1803, Napoleon had his mind on European affairs (in particular, an invasion of Britain), so he decided to dispense with France's American possessions.He sold the entire Mississippi valley, an area of 828 000 square miles extending from Canada down to the Gulf of Mexico and westwards to the Rockies, for just over 27 million dollars.Through this deal, known as the Louisiana purchase, President Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the United States for only around 5 cents per acre.3. Nice ice at a reasonable priceNapoleon did just manage to reach Moscow in his ill-fated invasion of 1812 — but it would seem that news of his poor American deal did not.For, astonishingly, the Russians went on to become the third victims of major land deals with America.On March 30th 1867, the . Secretary of State, William Seward, bought Alaska from Tsar Alexander II for a mere $ million — thereby acquiring another 586 000 square miles of territory for less than 2 cents per acre.The Tsar presumably thought that this remote, frozen and virtually uninhabited piece of land had nothing at all to commend it —and at first, the American people agreed with him, for Alaska was known as "Seward's folly" and "Seward's ice box" for years. In 1896, however, gold was struck at Klondike in the Yukon, and since then, over 750 million dollars' worth has been mined.In 1968, black gold was discovered —and an estimated 100 billion tons of coal are also lying underground, just waiting to be dug up.。

新编大学英语（第三版）视听说第二册答案+原文Unit Seven CulturePart 1 Listening, Understanding and SpeakingListening IExercise 1 F F T T T F F FExercise 21)cold open outgoing 2)overpowering friendly 3）long time for life 4) accent country loud behavior language 5)closer distanceScript:Interviewer：so ,Terry. Y ou have been in England for quite a long time now.T erry ：Mmm.Interviewer：What differences do you notice between England and the United States?T erry：Obviously the biggest difference is the people .The average Englishman is ~~mm, cold and not very open. you know, when I first came ,I could notInterviewer：Oh.T erry：In the United States it is very different. We start conversations with people in the street, in the subway ；we are a lot more outgoing than people here. Y ou know, when I first came, I could not understand why Iwas getting so little reaction from people, but now I see that they thought I was overpowering and toofriendly too soon.Interviewer：But tell me: Does the Englishman improve as you get to know him?T erry：Oh, yesInterviewer：Oh ,goodT erry：Once you have made a friend, it is a friend for life, but it takes a very long time . I will tell you something that I think is very important. An Englishman in America is respected. Everyone wants to talk to him. Weare inquestive. We love his acent and his country. But Americans in England are thought to be a littleinferior because of their loud behavior and their language. One thing I have learned is that English peoplelike a certain distance. When I was talking to someone, he would move away, you know, move backwards,and I thought , “Do I smell ?Am I boring him ?” The reason is you see, Americans stand closer whenthey are talking while English people like a certain distance.Listening IIExercise 1 1)C 2)A 3)D 4)C 5)CExercise 2l. lost 2.India 3.settle/stay pare 5.water 6.spoil 7.sugar 8.stayScript:Many centuries ago, a group of Jews landed in India and immediately went to the king . They told him that they were lost and wanted to settle in his kingdom.In those days any foreigner was viewed with suspicion. So the king was hesitant about letting them in .He sent for one glass of milk and added some water. He asked the leader of the Jews to taste the milk. The he poured out some milk and added some water .He asked the leader to taste the milk again and said ,”What is the difference in taste?”The leader said,“The second time the milk tastes terrible.”“That is because of the water added to the milk”said the king ，“The water dilutees the milk and spoils its taste. So too your addition will spoil the kingdom.”The leader of the milk and asked the king to taste it .”I t tastes sweet,” said the kingThe leader of the Jews bowed his head and said,“Oh，Y our Majesty! That is how we would like to live here :as the small amount of sugar which sweetens the large quantity of milk and not as the water which dilutes the milk.” Pleased with him, the king granted them permission to stay.Listening IIIExercise 1 1-E 2-B 3-G 4-A5-D 6-F 7-CExercise 2 1. European 2. 1:00p.m. ,4:30p.m. 3. brown 4. party 5. standScript:Different cultures adhere to different business customs. For example, the British consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after all business has been done. Thus a visitor should know when to stop talking and when to leave.Spanish business people need to see samples, so samples of products or services should be offered w henever possible. Visitors also need to know that in Spain offices and retail establishments generally close from 1:00 p.m. to as late as 4:30 p.m. In addition, black shoes, not brown, are considered proper for business occasions. The Spanish historically have favored black.In Scandinavia and Finland, business guests may be asked to shed their clothes and join their hosts in a sauna. The invitation is a sign that a good working relationship has been established.In Denmark, a visitor who is invited to a business associate’s home should take flowers or some unusual food.In Norway, the visitor is expected to send a gift the way after a dinner.In France, one sends flowers before visiting a home for dinner, but not chrysanthemums; they’re for funerals. More than flowers and gifts, the French expect a business visitor to give a party after major dealings.In Germany, flowers are an appropriate gift to take to a business colleague’s wife when invited to dinner, but not red roses; they’re for lovers. Her e men are expected to stand when a woman rises from the table and when she returns. Fortunately, German women have reached a silent understanding that when one has to be excused, the other women leave also.Listening IVExercise 1 4, 7, 6, 1, 3, 8, 2, 5Exercise 2 F T T F FScript:A Hindu priest, rabbi and a lawyer were driving down the road when the car broke down. Fortunately, they found a farmhouse nearby. The farmer informed them that he had only one spare room, and that it had only two twin beds.They were welcome to it, but one of them had to sleep in the barn. After much discussion, the Hindu volunteered to go to the barn. A few moments later, there was a knock on the bedroom door, and the Hindu explained that there was a cow in the barn, and cows were sacred and he could not possibly sleep in the barn with a cow.Annoyed, the rabbi volunteered. A few moments later, there was a knock on the door. The rabbi explained that there was a pig in the barn and that he, being very orthodox, could not possibly spend the evening in the barn with the origin of pork.Finally, the lawyer said that he would go to the barn. A few moments later, there was a knock on the door. It was the cow and the pig!Part 2 Viewing, Understanding and SpeakingExercise 1 T T F T F T T FExercise 21. stupid mistakes2. lovely ones; make3. eve; entirely4. finished; fixes5. symbol of death6. on time; alone7. remind; in front of8. what we do; right awayPart 3 Video Appreciation and Singing for FunExercise 1 A C B D C BExercise 21. culture2. nation3. mix4. ceremonies5. celebrations6. recognized7. worn8. distinctive9. everyday wear 10. variesPart 4 Further ListeningListening I1.walk2. matter3. both4. leave5. share6. shake7. offer8. Promptness is important both in Britain and in America.9. There is an old story about a man who gave a normal dinner party.10. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.Scripts:Customs differ from country. Does a man walk on the left or on the right of a woman in you country? Or doesn’t it matter? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should you leave one in you lap , or on the table?The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs .For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman，and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is, if one is invited to a dinner at 7 o’clock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay .The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable—especially if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a normal dinner party .When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were surprised, but the host quietly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.Listening IIExercise 1 C D E GExercise 2 T T F F F T T TScripts:Throughout the world children are taught not to stuff their mouthswith food, to eat politely at the table and not to be ”piggish” wi th their eating habits. However, more and more countries have eating contests in which as much food is eaten as fast as possible, and no one cares about manners.Today, eating contests have become a sport in many countries including Japan, the US, Canada, Germany, Thailand, England, Russia and Scotland. In the U.S., the best known eating contest is Natio n’ s restaurant in Coney Island, New Y ork City’s popular beach and amusement park. The contest was first held in 1916 and has been held each year except 1947 and 1971.The all-time world record is held by Takeru Kobayashi of Japan, who ate 50 hot dogs and buns in 12 minutes. Recently, a tiny Korean American woman, Sonya Thomas, came in fourth, eating 25 hot dogs in 12 minutes. This broke the women’s record.Sonya Thomas hold several eating records. She ate 23 pork sandwiches in 10 minutes at a contest in Mississippi, and at a competition in Indiana, she shocked the crowd by eating 65 hard-boiled eggs in only 6 minutes and 40 seconds. She thinks her biggest win was when she ate 36 dozen oysters in 10 minutes .Despite all the food she eats, Sonya weights less than 45 kg. She keeps fit by eating lots of rice, vegetables and chicken and walks on a treadmill 4 times a week .She also says that when she is not competing in a contest she likes leisurely meals.Listening IIIExercise 1 1)C 2)C 3)B 4)D 5)D 6)AExercise 2 T F F T F TScripts:When people live in a new country, they often find it uncomfortable to adjust to life in the new culture. They might feel confused, anxious or lonely, especially when the new culture is greatly different from their own. These feelings are called symptoms of culture shock.There are 3 stages of culture shock. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the newness wears off, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people etc. in the new culture. In the final stage of culture shock, the newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings and again enjoy their life.Some of the factors in culture shock are obvious. Maybe the weather is unpleasant. Perhaps the customs are different. Perhaps the public systems such as telephone, post office or transportation are difficult to figure out and you make mistakes. The simplest things seem difficult. The language may be difficult. The food may seem strange to you and you may miss the familiar smells of the food of your own country. If you don't look like the natives, you may feel strange.Y ou may feel like everyone is watching you. In fact, you are just self-conscious.Culture shock may produce a feeling of homesickness, imagined illness, or even unreasonable fear. When people have such feelings, they sometimes feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the unfamiliar environment.Listening IVExercise 1 1 2 5Exercise 2 A D A B B DScripts:(An American traveler, John Smith, has just arrived in Britain. He wants to know something about British pubs, so he is talking with a British pub owner.)•• John Smith:Pub is a funny word. Why are pubs called pubs?• Pub Owner:It’s short for public house, a place that has a special license to sell drinks.• John Smith:Why do most pubs have signs hanging outside?• Pub Owner:Because until the beginning of this century, most people couldn’t read. So a picture was best for showing travelers where they could get a drink.• John Smith:I see, but I’ve noticed in British that a lot of the pubs have the same name. I’ve seen three calle d The Red Lion. Why?• Pub Owner:Well, many years ago, huge areas of British were owned by a few families, and innkeepers named their pubs after these families who each had their own family symbol. A red lion was the Gaunt family’ssymbol. The Tudors had a greyhound. That’s why so many pubs all over the country have the samename. Other pubs got their names from religious events, ways of traveling, sports , jobs, famouspeople, famous battles and so on. Studying pub names is a really good way of learning a bit about ourhistory.• John Smith:Y our pub’s a “free house”. What’s that?• Pub Owner:It doesn’t mean that the drinks are free! Most pubs are owned by big breweries which sell only their own beer. But some landlords, like me, own their own pubs. We’re free to sell any beer from anybrewery.• John Smith:This beer is lovely and different.• Pub Owner:We call it real ale. It’s usually made by small local breweries so each type has a different taste. It’s normally much stronger than the beer made by big breweries—when you’re traveling round Englandyou should try to taste some of the different types.。