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list 14abrasionn.表面磨损ab离去，ras→rot 磨损，腐蚀erase raze abrade abrase erode corrode v.擦掉，抹去v.夷为平地v.擦掉，擦伤v.磨损，擦伤v.侵蚀，腐蚀v.侵蚀，腐蚀absenteeism n.旷课，旷工absent absence absentee presentpresentation absent-minded adj.缺席的n.缺席n.缺席者adj.存在；出席的v.提出问题 n.礼物n.陈述；介绍adj. 心不在焉的acclaim v./n.喝彩，称赞claim ↑call clamor exclaim declaimreclaim disclaim v.声称，要求n.喧嚣，吵闹v.呼喊v.演讲，慷慨陈词(居高临下喊)v.要求归还；开垦(喊回来) v.否认，放弃astronomyn.天文学astr=star 星星nomy→name研究星星名字的学科→天文学asteroid catastrophe n.小行星n.大灾难boundary n.分界线；边界abandon band 布条bond abundant border v.抛弃，放弃；放纵n.结合；粘合剂；债券adj.大量的n.边境 v.与。
接壤brassn.黄铜(器)，铜管乐器bronze bra brace embrace n.青铜(器)n. 胸罩v.支持，支撑 n.支柱v./n.拥抱candidaten.候选人can+did ，能干的人→候选人nominee nominate n.被提名者，候选人v.提名coincide v.一致，相巧合coincidence coincident accident accidental incident incidental n.巧合adj.一致的，巧合的n.意外事故adj.偶然的n.事件adj.偶然的colonyn.殖民地扣了你，殖民者横行霸道！colonist n.殖民者colonial adj.殖民的，殖民地的comic adj.滑稽的，喜剧的tragic pathetic comedy tragedy trigger intriguing adj. 悲剧的,不幸的adj. 可怜的，悲哀的n.喜剧(大团圆)n.悲剧(五马分尸)v.引发，扣动扳机adj.吸引人的，迷人的comprehensiveadj.全面的，综合的com 全部+prehend 抓住comprehend comprehension 全都抓住的→全面的，综合的v.理解，包含n.理解，包含concave adj.凹的cave caverncavity excavate excavation n.洞，孔n.洞穴n.穴，洞，腔v.挖掘n.挖掘(list5)cooperation n.合作，协作operate cooperate corporation corp 身体cop corps [k..] corpse [k..ps] corpulent v.操作；手术v.合作n.公司，法人，团体n.警察n.军团，兵团n.尸体adj.肥胖的(靠屁股抡他)curious adj.好奇的，求知的decodevt.破译，解码code codify encode TPO 多次出现，书上无n.密码v.编成法典，编纂成书v.编码demandingadj.苛求的，费力的demand v.要求，需要不停地要求→苛求designatev.指定，任命designer de 下面+sign 标记+er 人被在下面做标记的人→设计师design assign assignment significant n.设计师v./n.设计v.分配；指定n. 分配；任务；作业adj. 重要的diversityn.多样性见P4：diversedoggedadj.顽强的，顽固的像狗一样的donationn.捐赠，捐款都拿肾→每位同学都把肾拿出来了→捐给我donate donor v.捐赠n.捐款人dormitoryn.宿舍dormant adj. 休眠的；静止的dormancy n.休眠，蛰伏•The word dormant in the passage is closest in meaning to• ○hidden• ○inactive• ○underground• ○preserveddrainn.排水，消耗 v.(使)流走drainage sewerage sewage sewer sew n.排水，排水装置n. 污水；排水设备n.污水；污物n. 下水道；阴沟；裁缝师v.缝纫drowsyadj.(使人)昏昏欲睡的drown 把人淹没→使人昏昏欲睡dreary v.淹没，淹死(down)adj. 沉闷的，枯燥的edgen.边；刀口 v.挤进on the edge of... 在。
list 30acquire v.获得，学到aerobicadj.增氧健身法的 n.有氧运动aero空气→airamidprep.在。
中mid(中间)→在。
中midst modest moderate prep.在。
中间adj.谦虚的adj.适度的，有节制的ammonian.氨，氨水谐音anthropologyn.人类学anthrop人+ology学科anthropologist n.人类学家philanthropy n. 博爱，慈善pamphlet n.小册子arithmeticn.算术Archimedes 阿基米德Archimedesarithmeticartificial adj.人造的，假的bake v.烘，烤bakev.烘，烤bakery n. 面包店bacon n.熏肉(培根)blipn.雷达上显示的点brittleadj.易碎的bruise v.擦伤，挫伤belittle v. 轻视；贬低；使相形见小总是belittle的人是brittle的嚣张总会死的很惨cariboun.北美产驯鹿TPO一次，不影响做题cautiousadj.小心的，谨慎的caution n. 小心，谨慎precaution n.预防措施；警惕channeln.通道；频道；海峡 v.引导canal n.运河cholesteroln.胆固醇TPO无coexistv.共存co+existconstrain v.束缚，限制counselorn.顾问，法律顾问counsel consult council 委员会→让人consult 的地方consultant v.建议，劝告v.请教；参考，查阅n.顾问courtn.法院；球场courteous adj. 有礼貌的；谦恭的courtesy n.礼貌credit n.信用;学分crystaln.水晶,晶体 adj.透明的,结晶状的cry哭，像泪珠一样的东西→晶体demonstratev.论证，表明demonstration n. 示范;证明;示威游行demonstratev.论证，表明demonstration n. 示范;证明;示威游行dem人民+street人们上街了→游行→表明，论证downward adj.往下的 adv.向下enclosevt.围住，把。
list 26absolutelyadv.完全地；绝对地absolute adj. 绝对的；完全的；专制的acid adj.酸的 n.酸acidity acute acuity acumen n. 酸度；酸性adj.尖锐的，敏锐的，严重的n. 敏锐；尖锐；剧烈n.敏锐，聪明agileadj.敏捷的，轻快的fragile ductile tile adj. 脆的；易碎的adj.易延展的；易教导的n. 瓷砖，瓦片allocation n.配给，分配locate allocate v.位于；定位使确定位置v.配给，分配使处于各个位置attorneyn.代理人，辩护律师法一：torn←tear 撕裂"律师容易被人撕裂"tornado 法二：“额托你”→律师admire urge n.龙卷风v.钦佩，欣赏额的妈呀。
太好了！v.敦促(额急)biasn.偏见鄙视。
unbiased prejudice pre+judge 判断→提前判断→偏见judicial adj. 公正的，无偏见的n.偏见adj.司法的；公正的TPO 一次，红宝无• 6. The word objective in the passage is closest in meaning to • ○unbiased• ○positive• ○systematic• ○thoroughbluffn.悬崖,绝壁 v.诈骗,吓唬TPO无cliff n.悬崖，绝壁“刻离夫”→丈夫跳崖自杀了。
bookstore n.书店captive n.俘虏，猎物capture captivate captivity v./n.俘虏，俘获v. 迷住，迷惑n.囚禁；拘留cease v./n.结束，停止cessation incessant n.停止，中断adj.连续的，不断的ceremonialn.仪式 adj.正式的ceremony n. 典礼，仪式；礼节celebrate v.庆祝chartern.宪章 v.特许；包租TPO 无chartdiscard n.图标v.丢弃claimv./n.声称，要求clam n.蛤club n.俱乐部concentrationn.专心,集中;浓度concentrate v.集中，全神贯注deciduousadj.脱落性的，落叶性的de往下+cid(cad)往下→落叶性的cascade n.瀑布deductv.扣除，减去；演绎de往下+duct导→往下导→减去definite adj.清楚的，确切的definitely define definition finite infinite adv. 清楚地，肯定地v. 定义；使明确n. 定义adj.有限的adj.无限的dense adj.密集的，浓厚的density condense n.密度v.使浓缩，压缩deteriorate v.变坏；变质deter detergent v.制止，阻止n.清洁剂disciplinen.纪律；学科 v.训练；惩罚disciple n.门徒，弟子dis+cip拿分开拿→每个老师挑几个学生→门徒domain n.领域，领土economicaladj.节约的抠epicn.史诗 adj.英雄的epi 在周围（人们周围流传着的东西）→史诗epidemic democracy epoch n.流行；流行病n.民主政治n.纪元erraticadj.古怪的，反复无常的err错误error n.错误性格出错→古怪的eccentric adj.古怪的ec+centre→偏离了中心evidentadj.明显的，清楚的e+vid看(vis:vision,visible) evidence n.证据evokev.唤起，激起vok=voc声音provoke v.激怒experimentaladj.实验的experiment n.实验explosion n.爆炸，爆发explode applaud plausible v.爆炸v.鼓掌adj.似乎有理的extraordinaryadj.特别的，非凡的ordinary adj.普通的，平凡的foreshortenv. 缩短shorten v.缩短frustratev.使感到灰心，挫败flu+street流感传到大街上了→使灰心丧气germn.微生物，细菌germinate v.(使)发芽，(使)生长germge negourd n.葫芦groanv.呻吟；叹息•grumble v./n.抱怨hoevt.用锄耕地，锄用hoe挖hole 洞haul hurl tow v./n.拖，拉v.投掷v./n.拖hummingbirdn.蜂鸟influx n.涌入flux flask n.流出，流量n.烧瓶ingeniousadj.巧妙的,聪明的genius genial congenial n.天才adj.亲切的，友好的adj.性格温和的，相宜的innovation n.创新，改革intactadj.无损伤的,完整的tact接触=tegintegral contact contagious contaminate adj.完整的v./n.接触adj. 感染性的v.污染，弄脏intentn.意图，目的intend v.打算intention n.意图，目的intentional adj. 故意的；蓄意的jeopardizev.破坏，危及“解剖待死”TPO无leadingadj.主要的，排在前列的lead v./n.领导，导致leader n.领导者literallyadv.按照原文地;逐字地literal literate illiterate adj. 文字的adj. 受过教育的adj. 文盲的；不识字的luminosityn.亮度，发光度lumin→lumen流明illuminate v. 阐明,说明；照亮maintainv.维持，保持maintenance n. 维护，维修；保持。
list 12addition n.增加；附加(物)add 增加in addition to additional additive adhere →adhesive 粘性的；粘合剂explode →explosive 爆炸的；炸药applaud 另外，还有adj. 附加的，额外的adj.添加的 n.添加剂v.鼓掌，喝彩addressn.地址；讲话 v.演讲dress=directdirect director directory dress redress adj.直接的 v.管理，指挥n.主管；导演n.姓名地址录v.穿衣v.改正，纠正adhesive adj.带粘性的 n.胶合剂adhere stick stuck inherenthesitate v. 坚持；依附；粘着n.棍子 v.戳；粘着；坚持不懈adj.黏住的adj.先天的(粘在身体内部的)v.犹豫、踌躇(脚被粘着，不知道往哪走)advisable adj.可取的，明智的advise advice devise device sensible sensitive v.建议n.建议v.设计，发明n.装置，设备adj.明智的adj.敏感的alchemist n.炼金术士chemist chemistry biochemistry n.化学家；药剂师n.化学n.生物化学announce vt.宣布，宣告announcement denounce denouncement pronounce pronunciation provoke n.宣告，公告v.谴责n.谴责v.宣告，发音n.发音v.挑衅，激怒auctionn.拍卖auct=aug 提高August august augment n.八月adj.威严的v./n.增加cellist n.大提琴家cello soprano n. 大提琴n.女高音(super)cerealn.谷类(食品)ceramic adj.陶瓷的 n.陶瓷制品check/chequen.支票 v.检查check in check out check it out. 呦呦，切克闹，煎饼果子来一套。
Word list 45:1,abstract 抽象的；抽象派的adj[bstrkt]2,activate刺激；使活动v[ktvet]...a voice-activated computer.声控电脑3，adjoining 毗连的，邻近的 adj.Suppose that there are three adjoining rooms in a building.假设在一个建筑物内，有三个相连的房间。
4,affect影响；感动；感染Nicotine adversely affects the functioning of the heart and arteries...尼古丁会对心脏及动脉功能造成损害5, affirm 断言;证实vt.& vi. [fm]Everything I had accomplished seemed to affirm that opinion.The church should have no political alignment... 教会不应与政治结盟。
The troops were in perfect alignment. 士兵们排成很直的行列。
7,array陈列；一大批，一系列n[re]There was an impressive array of pill bottles stacked on top of the fridge...冰箱上显眼地摆放着许多药瓶。
As the deadline approached she experienced a bewildering array of emotions... 随着最后期限的临近，她开始心绪纷乱，不知所措。
8，Babylonian巴比伦的adj[bblonin]9，basement地下室n10，bonanza富矿脉；带来好运的事n[bnnz]What a bonanza for the winning ticket holders! 对于手持胜券的人来说，这是多好的运气啊！South Africa's gold and mineral bonanza is beginning to tail off. 南非的丰富黄金矿藏量以及其它矿业资源正在日益枯竭11，brilliant闪耀的；杰出的adj12，bulk [blk] n（大）体积;大部分；主体the shadowy bulk of an ancient barn.一座古老谷仓的巨大阴影The bulk of the text is essentially a review of these original documents...文章的主要部分基本是对这些原始文件的回顾。
list 23absence n.缺席；缺乏activity n.活动acumenn.敏锐，聪明ac尖，尖的人→尖子生allergicadj.过敏的；对。
讨厌的allergy n.过敏症alert v./n.警惕 adj.警觉的过度警觉→过敏inert adj.惰性的anglen.角，角度triangle n.三角形angular adj.有角的angular face 有棱有角的脸庞anomaly n. 异常；不规则normal abnormal norm enormous adj. 正常的adj.反常的n. 规范，基准adj.巨大的apparent adj.显然的，明显的appear transparent v.出现，显现adj. 透明的；显然的ardentadj.热心的，热情洋溢的arduous hardarid adj. 努力的；费力的adj.干旱的；贫瘠的artisan n.工匠，手艺人barbecuen.烧烤野餐BBQbasinn.盆地basement n. 地下室；地窖base n.底部，基础bladen.刀片刀锋战士。
“不累的”blast n.一股 v.爆发last lasting 不持久→爆发v.持续adj.持久的，永久的celln.细胞；单人间cell phone 手机cellular adj.细胞的TPO有，红宝无cidern.苹果酒TPO无communaladj.公共的，社区的community n.社区；群落conformv.遵守，符合；适应con共同+form 形状conformity uniform deform n.一致，符合n.制服 adj.一致的v.使变形，变畸形congenial adj.性格温和的，相宜的genialgenital genuine adj.亲切的，友好的(人之初,性本善) adj.生殖的adj.真实的，真正的(滴血认亲)conservationn.保存，保持conservative adj.保守的delegatev.授权 n.代表leg=lect 选择选出来的人→代表elect election designate v.选择，选举n.选举v.指定，任命dimensionn.维数；方面；大小adj.尺寸的，空间的dimensional3D：three dimensionaldiplomatn.外交官diploma 拿政府公文的人→外交官diplomatic n.毕业证书；文凭adj.外交的；老练的divert vt.转移；使娱乐diversion versatile n.转移；娱乐adj.多才多艺的electricityn.电，电流electronic adj.电子的errandn.差事；差使daily errands 每天的差事TPO无ethnic adj.种族的，民族的ethnology ethic ethics n.人种学，民族学adj.伦理的 n.伦理n.道德规范；伦理学exaltedadj.崇高的，高贵的alt高exalt v.提升，提拔；赞扬exception n.除外，例外Fahrenheit n.华氏温度计Fahrenheitn.华氏温度计Fahrenheit→飞轮海→温度→华氏温度计centigrade adj.摄氏度的faucet n.水龙头；插口facility 小的设备→水龙头facilitate n.设施，设备v. 促进；帮助；使容易flairn.才能，本领fly+air想在air中飞fly，就一定要有flairformal adj.正式的，形式的fostervt.鼓励；培养food→fosterfoster parents 养父母adoptive parents 养父母natural parents 亲生父母biological parents 亲生父母•The word “fostered” in the passage is closest in meaning to• ○accepted• ○combined• ○introduced• ○encouragedgenetically adv.与基因有关的gregariousadj.群居的greg 群体aggregate congregate segregate v.集合，聚集v.聚集v. 使隔离handyadj.手边的；可用的；方便的harborn.港口 v.藏有TPO一次，表：港口哈勃→拿着哈勃望远镜在去港口观测hormone n.激素；荷尔蒙idiomn.习惯用语;(艺术)风格,特色idle idol idiot idiot 傻瓜喜欢说idiom 习惯用语好记性不如烂笔头一泡鸡屎坏一缸酱adj.懒散的n.偶像n.笨蛋，傻瓜impactv.影响 n.影响(力；撞击)incidentn.事情，事件incidental adj.偶然的infantn.婴儿，幼儿infancy 法1：faint fade 只有婴儿总是身体虚弱，意识模糊法2：in 否定+粉他→新浪微博没有人粉他→婴儿n.婴儿期，幼年adj.虚弱的，模糊的v.褪色，凋谢(废的)innovativeadj.创新的innovate innovation legend+innovation=lenovov.创新，改革n.创新，革新intersectionn.交点；十字路口sect 切section insect segment intersect n. 部门；地区；章节n. 昆虫n.部分v.横断，横切irrigatevt.灌溉irrigation n.灌溉rig n.钻探设备rat,rod,ros,ras→rig往下腐蚀→钻探manifestationn.显示，表明manifest v.表明，证明 n.显示。
list 4adventuren.奇遇；冒险活动vent=wentadvent n.到来adventure 走出去→冒险adventuren.奇遇；冒险活动vent=wentadvent n.到来adventurous adj.爱冒险的venture n. 冒险；企业analogyn.类比；类似物analogous adj.类似的ana并列，log说(唠嗑)by analogy 用类比的方式compare A to Bcompare A with Bapplyv.申请；应用阅读：apply animal waste to soilForeign students who will be attending graduate school can apply for some jobs before they come to the United States.application n.应用appraisaln.评价，估价appraise v.评价，估价praise←price 给它一个价格praise v./n.表扬appreciate v.感激，欣赏↓preci→precious adj.珍贵的arti factn.人工制品artistic adj.艺术的，风雅的artless adj.天真的，朴实的arti fic ial adj.人造的，仿造的assurevt.确保；使确信 sure 确信的attiren.穿着，服饰哎。
tired，今天穿啥好呢。
at+tire劳累attiren.穿着，服饰1.整天使我们很tired的东西2.tie领带→穿着biochemicaladj.生物化学的bio生命(biology生物学)biotic adj.生命的；生物的chemical adj.化学的(chemistry化学)catalystn.催化剂cat下面+lyst(loose)cat→cas，cid（accident，casual）casualty n.意外事故；伤亡人员accidental adj.偶然的incidental adj.偶然的incident n.事件cohesionn.内聚力；团结cohesive adj.粘的，有结合的coherent adj.粘的；连贯的，一致的combustibleadj.可燃的，易燃的bust=burn联想：很多汽车撞到一起能...→易燃的combustion n.燃烧TPO无complainv.抱怨complaint n.抱怨plaintiff n.原告（抱怨的人）counterpartn.相对物counter n.柜台 adj.相反的counteract v.抵消datan.数据database n.数据库decaden.十年decimal adj.小数的，十进制的decadent adj.颓废的di mens ionaladj.尺寸的，空间的dimension n.维度；尺寸di二；mens→measure 测量3Dthree dimensionaldiplomaticadj.外交的；有策略的diplomat n.外交家diploma n.文凭plic折叠文凭就是可以折叠的两页纸disposaln.垃圾倾倒；处置分开+放→处置I’m at your disposal.= I’m disposed to do whatever you want me to do.dispose v.处置documentationn.文件doctrine n.教条，教义；学说list1：26ductileadj易延展的duct引导(produce，education) ductility n.延展性seduce v. 引诱，勾引=美色+引导tile n.瓦片engagev.从事于；订婚engaging adj.迷人的mortal adj.致死的，终有一死的的 n.凡人immortal adj.不朽的mort死+gage约定→一个很死的约定mortgage按揭enrichvt.使充实，使肥沃epidemicn.流行；流行病epi在周围epic n.史诗（人们周围流传着的东西）endemic adj.地方性的；n.地方病dem人民democracy n.民主政治monocracy n.独裁政治monarchy n.君主政治evaporationn.蒸发，消失evaporate v.蒸发vapor n.蒸气expertisen.专业技能expert n.专家specialist n.专家explorationn.勘测，探索explore v.探索excurse v. 远足curriculum n.课程extensionn.延长，延伸ex tend v.延长，延伸extensive adj.广泛的stretch v./n.延伸，延展(死拽扯)spiral v./n.螺旋，盘旋figurativeadj.比喻的；象征的figure n.外形；象征；数字；人物 v.计算fiction n.虚构figure out v.算出，想出foragev.找吃的/n.草料for+agehauntvt.萦绕在心头n.常去的地方TPO无Do dictation everyday or I will haunt you.每天做听写，要不然，我将萦绕你身旁。
list 20aboundvi.富于，大量存在，充满abundant adj. 丰富的，充裕的abundance n. 充裕，丰富amble vi.缓行，漫步ambulance n.救护车amble v.缓行，漫步astronomicaladj.天文学的；极大的，庞大的astronomy astronaut asteroid disaster catastrophe n.天文学n.宇航员n.小行星n.灾难，灾祸n.大灾难，灾祸attractvt.吸引distract v.转移，分心basicadj.基本的，基础的beamn.光线；横梁a beam of sunlight 一束阳光boom v.使兴旺；n.繁荣boon n.恩赐，恩惠bean n.豆子还记得jack吗？Caribbeanbellows n.风箱bellow bell rebel repel v./n.吼叫n.钟,铃声v.反叛v.击退，抵制bloom n.花 vi.开花blossom bosom bottom breast brabronze brass n.花;开花期 vi.开花n.胸；乳房n.臀部；底部n.乳房，胸部n.青铜n.黄铜cape n.海角；岬cab cap captain capital 海的头→海角cabin capitalism n.驾驶室，出租汽车n.帽子n.船长，首长n.首都；资本n.小屋n.资本主义caterpillarn.毛虫cat+pile 大量→很多毛在一起→毛茸茸的pile TPO4次，红宝无a pile of sheet music 一堆活页乐谱sheet pile up n.堆，大量 v.堆积n.薄片,纸张;床单堆积characteristicadj.典型的 n.特性character n.性格；特征；品格；角色collectivelyadv.全体地，共同地collective adj.集体的，共同的colonizev.殖民；移居于colony n.殖民commandv./n.指挥，命令；掌握com+mand 命令commander demand mandatoryTPO 一次，红宝无mandatory education n.指挥官v.要求adj.强制的，命令的义务教育continuumn.连续统一体continue v.继续conveniencen.便利；便利设施convenient adj.便利的inconvenient adj. 不便的；打扰的coren.中心，核心；地核kernel n.核心daylightn.日光；白昼；黎明delayv./n.耽搁，延迟de下+lay 放→放到后面了→延迟，耽搁decay →decadent v.衰退，腐烂adj.颓废的dependv.依赖，依靠；取决于distractvt.分散注意力，使分心attract detract红宝无，词汇题一次。
list 17actionn.行为，活动；作用adjust vt.调整；使适合allergyn.过敏症allergyal ert 过度警觉→过敏allergic v./n.警惕 adj.警觉的adj.过敏的aridadj.干旱的；贫瘠的hard硬的→arid(h脱落)aridity semiarid→semiconductor arduous (hard)n.干旱adj. 半干旱的n.半导体adj. 努力的；费力的aroman.香气一个罗马人→香气aromatic nomadic adj.芳香的adj.游牧的assignvt.指派；分配，布置作业assignment resign design designerdesignatelist14-designate P149n.任务；作业v.辞职v./n.设计n.设计师v.指定，任命associatev.关联，联系 n.伙伴adj.准的social social animal association National Basketball Association associate professor photodissociation photosynthesis adj.社会的；群居的群居动物n. 协会，联盟副教授n.光解作用n.光合作用athleten.运动员“爱死你了”athleteathleteathleteathleteathleteathleteathleten.运动员“爱死你了”athletic adj.运动的aviation n.航空(学)，飞行术aviator navigation navigate navy naval nausea n. 飞行员n. 航行，航空，航海v.航行，航空，航海n.海军adj.海军的n. 恶心，晕船(恼sea啊)bedrockn.基础，根基；基石cornerstone n.墙角石，奠基石cardinaladj.主要的 n.红衣主教card心=cord核心的→主要的核心人物→红衣主教cardiac cordiallist7-cardiac P73adj.心脏的；心脏病的adj.衷心的carnivore n.肉食动物predator prey carnivalcarnivorousherbivoreherbherbicide n.食肉动物v./n.捕食；猎物n. 狂欢节，嘉年华会吃肉的节adj. 食肉的；肉食性的n.食草动物n. 香草，草本植物n.除草剂censusn.人口普查“散射式”census散射式→人口普查certificate n.证(明)书certain certainly certainty assert certify certification credential adj.当然的，无疑的adv.当然n.必然，确定的事情v.断言，主张v.证明，保证(使确信) n. 证明，保证n.证书complexadj.复杂的 n.综合体complexity complicated fl/pl 折叠 ：list13-multiply P143n. 复杂，复杂性adj. 难懂的，复杂的contractv.收缩；订合同 n.合同把双方拉到一起的东西→合同contraction trigger abstract n.收缩v.引发adj.抽象的 n.摘要convex adj.凸出的 n.凸面concavecavecaverncavityexcavatelist14-concave P148adj.凹的 n.凹面n.洞穴n.洞穴n.穴，洞，腔v.挖掘coursen.课程；过程；路程curriculum n. 课程criticizev.批评criticism critic critical crucial list9-critic P95 n.批评n.批评家adj.批评的；至关重要的adj.至关重要的，决定性的dealern.商人，小贩deal v.处理 n.数量deal with 处理；涉及；做生意a great deal of pressure压力很大defecatev.排粪谐音：de出去+fe(粪)+cate→把粪弄出去→排粪dismayv./n.(使)气馁，(使)沮丧dis不+may 可能→不可能→使气馁adj.阴沉的，忧郁的dismal法①：dis否定+male男人→没有男人就会很阴沉法②：的士毛drasticadj.剧烈的法1：拽死地壳法2：dras=drag v./n.拖拉tension n. 张力，拉力；紧张flaken.薄片 v.使成薄片；雪花般落下飞lake→雪花飞向湖中的感觉floatv.(使)漂浮飞boatfloating adj.漂浮的flourishvi.茂盛，繁荣flour=flor 花flower floweret flora fauna n.花n.小花n.植物群n.动物群geologyn.地质学geo 地geologist geography geometry n.地质学者n.地理学n.几何学glazevt.上釉 n.釉法1：grace n.优雅（穿了一个蕾丝）→让陶器grace→glaze上釉法2：glossy adj.光滑的,有光泽的→让陶器glossy的东西→glazegrading n.评分；等级harshadj.恶劣的，刺耳的hard 坚硬的→恶劣的hardy arduous arid adj. 坚强的；能吃苦耐劳的adj. 努力的；费力的adj.干旱的，贫瘠的hindadj.后面的，在后的hide hinterland hinderlist16-hinterland P173v.隐藏n.内陆地区adj. 后面的 v.阻碍hominidadj./n.原始人类(的) humanhypothesisn.假设，假说hypo 下+thesis thesis hypothesize hypothetical hibernation suppose list16-hypothesize P173n.论文，论点v.假设，假定adj. 假设的n.冬眠v.假设，认为illegibleadj.难以辨认的，字迹模糊的legible adj. 清晰的；易读的leg=log,能唠出来的incomingadj.引入的，来临的income n.收入individualadj.单独的，独特的 n.个人，个体division n.分割；除法；部门inheritvt.继承，遗传而得inheritance in+her 粘，黏在里面→天生具有的权利heritage cohere coherent cohesive list13-inheritance P142n.继承；遗传；遗产n.遗产v.粘着adj.连贯的，一致的adj.粘着的 n.粘合剂instructvt.指示；教授instruction n.教导；使用说明instructive adj. 有益的；教育性的instructor n.指导者。
list 13addictive adj.上瘾的，沉醉的addictaddicted additive predict unpredictable contradict v.使上瘾(不停地对别人说) adj.上瘾的adj.添加的；n.添加剂v.预言adj. 不可预知的v.反驳，与。
矛盾agencyn.代理处government agency agent activate agitate agile binding agent They are dispersed by some other agent, like the wind.政府机构n.代理人；特工v.刺激，使活动v.刺激，使激动adj.敏捷的粘合剂airborne adj.空气传播的alienadj.不同的 n.外国人；外星人异形anxious adj.渴望的；担忧的anxiety anger angry agony “爱过你”n.焦虑，渴望n.愤怒adj.生气的n. 苦恼，极大的痛苦atmosphere n.大气，空气；气氛atmospheric sphere spherical hemisphere lithosphere neolithic paleolithic pale adj.大气的n.球体adj.球形的n.半球n.岩石圈adj.新石器时代的adj. 旧石器时代的adj.苍白的，黯淡的attractiveadj.吸引人的，有魅力的attract tract 拉tractor trigger intrigue intriguing subtract abstract v.吸引n.拖拉机v.引发，扣动扳机v.激起......的兴趣adj.引起兴趣的，吸引人的v.减去，扣掉adj.抽象的 n.摘要audiencen.听众，观众audi 听audible inaudible auditorium audio adj.能听见的adj.听不见的n.礼堂，观众席adj.音频的，声音的bark n.树皮bar barrier barricade bar壳→树皮n.条，棒；酒吧；障碍n.栅栏；屏障v.设路障，阻碍beverage n.饮料boldadj.大胆的，英勇的ballbaldadj.光秃的(像球一样的)敢剃秃头的都很勇敢。
list 8administervt.管理，执行minister n.大臣mini小，古时大臣自称小人。
administration n.管理MBA 工商管理学硕士（Master of Business Administration)alongadv.向前地；一起prep.沿着along with... 和。
一起amount n.总额 v.总计达paramount surmount surmountable surrender surnamesurplussurpass adj.重要的v.克服、战胜adj.可战胜的v./n.投降n.姓；绰号n.过剩，剩余v.超越，胜过annualadj.每年的，一年一度的ann,enn 年annually anniversary centennial perennial solemn adv.每年地n.周年纪念日n.百年纪念 adj.百年纪念的adj.终年的adj.庄严的apologizev.道歉apology ap=ab 反，log 说话。
说跟以前相反的话→道歉prologue logical trilogy legible catalog n.道歉n.开场白；序言adj.合逻辑的n.三部曲adj.易读的，可辨认的n.目录(把下面的东西全说了)astute adj.机敏的，精明的acute acumen adj.剧烈的；敏锐的n.聪明，敏锐bindv.使结合，绑abandon v.抛弃、放弃blockvt.阻塞n.一块；街区1.They block most of the solar energy so it never reaches Earth's surface.2.Stone statues were worked from single rectangular blocks of material and retained the compactness of the original shape.bud n.芽，花蕾canaln.运河channel n.通道；频道；海峡 v.引导championn.冠军；拥护v.支持camp v./n.露营，扎营championship n.锦标赛；冠军称号；chilln.寒冷cool凉爽→chill寒冷chilly adj. 寒冷的chillax v.淡定(chill+relax)constructv.建造、创立con+struct (建立)construction structure reconstruct destructive destruction见list1-obstruct 妨碍，阻塞n. 建设；建筑物n.构造；建筑物v.重建adj. 破坏的；毁灭性的n. 破坏，毁灭；摧毁consumptionn.消耗；食用sume拿consume v. 消耗，消费consumer n. 消费者resume v.重新开始； n.简历creativity n.创造(力)create creative devise device v.创造adj.有创造力的v.设计，发明n.装置，设备cuneiform adj. 楔形的 n.楔形文字currentadj.当前的；流通的 n.流；cur 跑currency concur excursion list1-curriculum n.货币v.同意，一致n.远足democratn.民主党人dem 人民democracy democratic endemic epidemic autocrat autocracy demography n.民主政治adj.民主的adj.地方性的； n.地方病adj.流行的 n.流行病n.独裁者n.独裁政治n. 人口统计学detectv.发现，发觉de去掉+tect 遮盖→去除遮盖→发现detective de forest de face architect n.侦探 adj.侦探的vt. 采伐森林vt. 损伤外观，丑化n.建筑师determinev.确定；决定term 边界terminal terminus term terminology predetermine n.终点 adj.终端的n.终点n.学期；期限；术语n.术语v.预先决定disseminatev.散布、传播dis散(dispel驱散→repel击退，抵制)使散开→散布，传播seminar n.研讨会，研讨班Easter n.复活节elegantadj.端庄优雅的leg=lect 选择选美能被选出来的elegance eligible legible recollect intelligence intelligent n.端庄adj.符合条件的(能被选出来的) adj.易读的v.回忆，收集n.智慧adj.聪明的list6-eligibleengagingadj.迷人的engage v.从事engage in从事So I desire to engage in exercise. groups of investors engaged in short-term financial cooperationenormousadj.巨大的norm normal abnormal enormous=e 超出+norm 标准+ousn.规范adj.正常的adj.不正常的enrollmentn.登记，注册；入学enroll v. 参加；登记；注册enrollmentn.登记，注册；入学enroll v. 参加；登记；注册roll v./n.卷，卷形物Rolling in the deep 在黑暗中翻滚extendv.延长，延伸tend 伸tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事tendency extense extensive extensive reading pretend pretension pretentious n.趋势adj.伸展的adj.广泛的，大量的泛读v.假装n.假装adj.矫揉造作的extremeadj.极度的 n.极端extremely adv.极端地extremely cold temperaturesfilm n.电影fitnessn.健康fit v.符合 adj.健康的The jacket doesn's fit me well.flamboyant adj.艳丽的，炫耀的flame inflame inflammable inflammation combustible combustion n.火焰 v.焚烧v.燃烧adj.易燃的n.发炎，炎症adj.易燃的n.燃烧folkloren.民间传说folk folk song folk art folk tale All right folks, let’s continue our discussion of...n.人们 adj.民间的民歌民间艺术民间故事（folk+tell ）generalizationn.概括generalize v.概括general adj.一般的，大体上的 n.将军In general/Generally speakinggeneticadj.基因的，遗传(学)的gene n.基因hatchvt.孵化，孵出“还吃”→怀孕之后要多吃！hatchlingn. (尤指由人工)新孵出的雏鸟(或鱼苗)红宝书无，但TPO阅读，听力均出现incessantly adv.不断地incessant cess→cease cease adj. 连续的，不停的v./n.停止，终了instruction n.教导；使用说明instruct instructor instructive instruction manual v.指导，命令n.指导者；讲师adj.教育性的使用说明手册juicen.汁，液fruit juice 果汁orange juice 橘子汁lackn./v.缺乏、不足lack of/inlarvan.幼虫lover，幼虫是爱情的结晶leasen.租约、租期leisure n.闲暇，空闲 adj.空闲1.累+sure→这么累，当然需要空闲2.镭射→放电影；或者镭射枪。
list5ailmentn.轻病，小病①ill→ail→小病②哎呦→小病assimilatev.吸收；使同化simil相同→similaras simil ation fac simil e n.同化作用n.复写，临摹audioadj.音频的，声音的audi 听audience audibleinaudible auditorium n.听众adj.能听见的adj.听不见的n.礼堂，观众席axisn.轴ax斧头cablen.缆绳，电缆；电报cable television有线电视cable carchubbyadj.丰满的，肥胖的chub n. 白鲑；鲦鱼carp n. 鲤鱼committeen.委员会commit v.委托；犯罪(叫别人带着一起走，即委托；带东西的人易见财起意，就会犯罪)commit a crime 犯罪commit suicide 自杀commit oneself to sth/doing sth.致力于做某事commutev.坐公交车上下班mut改变mutable adj.易变的，无常的immutable adj.不变的locomotive n.火车头 adj...consultv.请教；参考，查阅1.sult←sit坐坐在一起→请教→查阅（和书坐在一起）2.council委员会→让人consult的地方consultant n.顾问conversev.交谈 adj.相反的conversation n.交谈verse转diverseadj.不同的，多样的di=dis（离开）+verse（转）→转开→不同的diversity n.多样性biological diversity 生物多样性diversify v.使多样化anniversary （ann年+转→每年转回来一次）周年纪念日cor ros iveadj.腐蚀性的rot v./n.腐烂，腐坏rotten adj.腐烂的corrode v.侵蚀，腐蚀corrosion n.腐蚀courageousadj.勇敢的courage n.勇气cousinn. 堂兄弟姊妹；表兄弟姊妹credentialn.证明书，文凭；资格cred 相信credit credit card credible incredible creed n.信用；学分信用卡adj.可信的adj.难以置信的，惊人的n.信条，教义definev.定义；解释fin结束，范围(final，finish)confine v.限制(全在一个范围里) define v.定义(给它一个范围) finite adj. 有限的infinite adj.无限的denotev.表示，意味着not知道←knowdnotorious note notable notice notify adj.臭名昭著的n.笔记adj.显著地 n.名人v./n.通知v.通知detergentn.清洁剂deter v.制止deteriorate v.恶化devicen.装置，设备de vis e v.设计vis看(visit，television)supervise supervisor visa visible visualv.监督，管理n.监督者，管理人n.签证(给别人看的证件)adj.能看见的adj.视觉的→不断地看→设计dominantadj.支配的，统治的predominant adj.支配的dominate v.支配，统治domination n.统治dom统治、家kingdom n.王国domain n.领土estimatev.估计，估价underestimate v./n.低估appraise v.估价ex cav ationn.挖掘excavate v.挖掘cav←cave洞穴cavern n.洞穴cavity n.穴，洞，腔concave adj.凹的 n.凹面fellown.家伙，同志fellowship n.友谊；奖学金fac ilitatevt.推动，促进fac ility n.设备，设施facile adj.灵巧的；易做到的foremostadj.最著名的，最重要的forefather foretell forehead forerunner foresee n.祖先；前辈v.预言n.前额n.先驱v.预见frenzyn.狂暴fury n.狂怒，狂暴furious adj.狂怒的fierce adj.凶猛的frictionn.摩擦；冲突flict 打conflict afflict v./n.冲突v.折磨，使痛苦hardwaren.五金制品hard(硬的)+ware(器皿)→五金制品ware warehouse glassware n.陶器，器具n.仓库n.玻璃器皿imprint v./n.印记，铭记inducevt.引起，导致；诱使duc 引导pro duc e 向前引导→生产se duc e duc tile v.勾引adj.柔软的，易延展的inertadj.惰性的inertia n.惰性inert=in不+ert动energy n.能量（在体内让你动的东西）alert v./n.警惕 adj.警觉的=all+ert动→全身都动起来→警惕infectionn.感染；传染病infect v.传染，感染=in里面+fect做→往你体内做→感染infest=in+fast→进去的很快→滋生，骚扰intenseadj.强烈的；热切的笔记写：拉紧的感觉！intensity n.强度intensive adj.密集的intensive reading 精读intuitiveadj.直觉的intuition tutor 直觉=in+tut=在内心教你的东西n.直觉n.家庭教师isolatedadj.分离的，隔绝的isolate v.分离insular adj.孤立的，海岛的insula n.岛insulate v.隔离，使孤立jellyn.果冻jellyfish n.海蜇joltv.使震惊n.震动防止房门震动jolt时用门闩bolt将其固定bolt 飞奔；闪电boltlaboratoryn.实验室lablabor v./n.劳动，劳力laborious adj. 勤劳的；艰苦的lamentvt.抱怨lame瘸的→瘸了所以抱怨辣+ment→太辣了！！→抱怨再来一遍？leftovern.剩余物；剩饭菜leave over 剩下，留下lithospheren.岩石圈litho(石)neolithic adj.新石器时代的paleolithic adj.旧石器时代的pale adj.苍白的，黯淡的sphere n.球体hemisphere n.半球manufacturev./n.制造，加工manufacturer n.制造商manu手+fact制作(factory)manual adj.手工的 n.手册opposedadj.反对的oppose v.反对op反+pose放abnormal adj.反常的opponent adj.敌对的 n.对手。
list 19abruptadj.突然的rupt 破bankruptruptureirrupteruptcorruptdisruptlist14-erupt P151adj.破产的v.使破裂v.破门而入v.爆发adj.腐败的v.破坏，使瓦解accessoryn.附件，零件access 使用权→使用的东西→零件，附件adjunct junction joinadjoinjoint conjunction junglen.附属物 adj.附属的n.交叉点，汇合处v.参加，加入 n.结合点v.毗邻，邻接n.关节；接合处n. 结合n.丛林list10-junction P107accusev.指责，指控accuseexcuse curse v.原谅 n.借口v./n.诅咒(克死)aggressiveadj.挑衅的；有进取心的aggression n.侵略alphabet n.字母表alphabetn.字母表alpha，betaantibioticadj. 抗生的 n.抗生素anti 反antiwar biotic biology adj. 反对战争的adj. 生物的；有关生命的n.生物学avoid v.避免，规避void devoid vain vanish adj.空的，无效的adj. 缺乏的；全无的adj.徒劳的v.消失behavior n.行为，举止beneficial adj.有益的，有利的benefit bene 好benediction malfunction v.有益于 n.益处n.祝福n.故障，失灵bet v./n.打赌bat beatde加强语气+bet 打赌→不停地打赌debt n.蝙蝠；球棒v.打，敲打n.债务bondn.联结；债券；化学键chemical bond 化学粘合剂band布带cafeteria n.自助餐厅compete v.竞争；比得上competition competent competence competitive n.竞争，竞赛adj.能干的n.能力adj.有竞争力的compromise v./n.妥协，折中promise promising concede concession v./n.保证，允诺adj. 有希望的，有前途的v.承认，让步n.承认，让步confusionn.混乱，混淆fus 流confuse fussv./n.大惊小怪,小题大做,忙乱refuse diffuse fuse v.使困惑v.拒绝v.传播,扩散 adj.散开的v./n.融合，熔融；熔丝consequentlyadv.因此，从而sequ =secu 跟随secondsequent sequence consequence consecutive consecution subsequent adj.连续的n.结果，序列n.结果adj. 连续的n.连续adj.随后的，并发的constricted adj.收缩的，狭窄的constrict strict 死拽tract 拉contract contraction v.收缩adj.严格的n.合同 v.收缩n.收缩cultivated adj.栽植的；有修养的cultivate culture v.耕作；培养n.文化daisyn.雏菊dairy n.奶制品“胎记”devote vt.贡献，献身于dioxiden.二氧化物di二+oxide(氧化物)oxygen hydrogen carbon dioxide n.氧气n.氢气二氧化碳discernv.洞悉，识别=dis分开+certain 确信的→把东西分开且确信→识别certainty assert certify certification credential n.必然，确定的事情v.断言，主张v.证明，保证(使确信) n. 证明，保证n.证书discrimination n.识别，辨别discriminate criminalcrimecommit a crime commit committee v.区别，区分；歧视n.罪犯 adj.犯罪的n.犯罪，罪行犯罪v.委托，使承担；犯罪n.委员会documentaryadj.文献的，纪实的 n.纪录片document documentation doc 教doctrine docile n.文件，公文n.文件n.教条，教义；学说adj.温顺的；易管教的domesticadj.国内的；家庭的，家养的domesticate dom统治(kingdom) dominatedomaindomedominant predominant eminent v.驯养，驯化v.支配，统治n.领土n.圆屋顶adj.支配的，统治的adj.卓越的，支配的adj.显著的，杰出的draftn.草图;选项 v.起草听力：I’d be happy to look over a draft version before you hand in the final copy, if you wish.I was wondering what I could do to improve my paper before the final draft is due.updraft n.上升气流elective adj.选修的elect election select collective v.选择，选举n.选举v.挑选adj.共同的，集体的elementn.元素，要素；基础elementary elementary school adj.基本的，初级的小学enlightenment n.启发，启迪enlighten 使你灵光一现enlist listless v.启发，启蒙v.使入伍，征募adj.倦怠的，无精打采的equitable adj.公平的，公正的estaten.财产；房地产real estate 房地产estateestablish stable v.建立(使站在外面) adj.稳定的ethicsn.道德规范；伦理学ethnic ethic ethical Aristotle’s ethical theory （TPO2）ethnology adj.种族的，人种的adj.伦理的 n.伦理adj.伦理的,道德的n.人种学，民族学federaladj.联邦的federal government FBI ：Federal Bureau of Investigation federal subsidy subsidy subsidiary sub+sid(sit)→坐在下面的联邦政府联邦补贴n.补贴，津贴adj.附属的 n.子公司financev.给。
List390states-state n.状况, 状态 v.陈述56statements-statement n.陈述【In fact, various emotiona l states giverise to certain patterns of electric al activity in the facial muscles and in the brain.】311form n.形状 v.形成5deformed-deform v.使变形；变畸形3reform v.改造 ; 改革 n.改良【Some mountain s were formed as a result of these plates crashing into each other and forcing up the rock at theplate margins.】281plants-plant n.植物, 工厂 v.种植10plantation n.农园, 大农场3transplanted-transplant v.移居, 迁移【Animal dung enriches the soil by providin g nutrient s for plant growth.】275mentioned-mention v.提到one biologis t pointed out the diversit y of butterfl ies in the Amazon when he mentione d that about 700 species were found within anhour's walk, whereas thetotal number found on274century n.世纪;百年arts in the twentiet h century often treat material s in new ways, the basic differen ce in attitude ofartists in relation to their material s in the finearts and the applied arts remains274author n.作者11authority n.专家, 威信【The author presents two theories for a historic al phenomen on.】248species（单复数同型） n.种类; 人类3subspecies n.亚种【Some species of tuna have speciali zed grooves in their tongue.】226art n.艺术【Tunas, mackerel s, and billfish es have made streamli ninginto an art form .Their bodies are sleek and compact.】191produced-produce v.生产 n.产品69production n.生产53products-product n.产品25reproduction n.生殖；复制16reproduce v.繁殖；翻拍；复制10productivity n.生产力6productive adj.多产的6reproductive adj.再生的; 复制的【Other mountain s may be raised by earthqua kes, which fracture the Earth's crust and can displace enough rock to produce block mountain s.】167increase v.增加【To increase the society ’s prosperi ty】150cause v.导致 n.原因【Wind velocity also increase s with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitude s.】136regions-region n.区域【It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 metersin the dry subtropi cs and 3,500-4,500 metersin the moist tropics.】131sentence v.宣判n.句子【Where would the sentence best fit?】129population n.居民;人口【Have populati ons that are unstable in response to climate conditio ns】124study v.研究 n.研究【It is conceiva ble that before going hunting the hunters would draw or study pictures of animals and imagine a successf ul hunt.】124fossils-fossil n.化石9fossilization n.化石作用7fossilized-fossilize v.使成化石【Pakicetu s is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found.】121theory n.理论, ...论11theorists-theorist n.理论家4theorized-theory v.建立理论; 理论化【Accordin g to psychody namic theory, the best ways to prevent harmful aggressi on may be to encourag e less harmful aggressi on.】121term v.把...称为 n.学期【During Jackson' s second term,his opponent s had graduall y come together to form the Whig party.】121artists-artist n.艺术家40artistic adj.艺术的; 美术的【For example, some early societie s ceased to consider certain rites essentia l to their well-being and abandone d them, neverthe less, they retained as parts of their oral traditio n the myths that had grown up around117design v.设计6designers-designer n.设计者【Architec ture is the art and science of designin g structur es that organize and enclose spacefor practica l and symbolic purposes .】113source n.来源, 根源【This unpreced ented developm ent of a finite groundwa ter resource with an almost negligib le natural recharge rate—that is, virtuall y no natural water source to replenis h the water supply—has caused water tables110environment n.环境7environmentalists-environmentalist n.环境保护论者【Many ecologis ts now think that the relative long-term stabilit y of climax communit ies comes not from diversit y but from the “patchine ss” of the environm ent, an environm ent that varies from place to place supports108period n.时期6periodic adj.定期的5periodically adv.周期性地; 偶尔【In the long run, electric ity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electric ity.】107society n.社会【Some theories of theater developm ent focus on how theater was used by group leaders to group leaders govern other members of society.】107activities-activity n.行动; 活动【There islittle doubt, however, that desertif ication in most areas results primaril y from human activiti esrather than natural processe s.】106mass n.块adj.大规模的【The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumpt ionuntilits technolo gy evolved from the initial "peepsho w" format to the point where images were projecte d on a screenin a darkened theater.】105since conj.因为, 从...至今【Since the raising of most crops necessit ates the prior removal of the natural vegetati on, crop failures leave extensiv e tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and suscepti ble to wind and water erosion.】105emotions-emotion n.情绪35emotional adj.情绪的【In psychody namic theory, the purging of strong emotions or the relievin g of tensions .】105communities-community n.人群，很多个体的集合体，社 区【Each SMSA would contain at least one central city with 50,000 inhabita nts or more or two cities having shared boundari es and constitu ting,for general economic and social purposes , a single communit y with a104organisms-organism n.生物5microorganisms-microorganism n.微生物【We can say that the properti es of an ecosyste m are more stable than the individu al organism s that compose the ecosyste m.】102process n.过程 v.加工;处理, 办理【In fact, damage to the environm ent by humansis often much more severe than damage by natural events and processe s.】101individual n.人, 个体 adj.个别的4individualism n.利己主义【Because each individu al is short-lived, the populati on of an opportun ist species islikely to be adversel y affected by drought, bad winters, or floods.】101effect n.结果 v.造成34effective adj.有效的4effectiveness n.效力【Butfor the black-tailed deer, human pressure has had just the opposite effect.】101culture n.文化, 耕种 v.耕种35cultural adj.有修养的; 有文化的【The arch was used was used by theearly cultures of the Mediterr anean area chiefly for undergro und drains, but it was the Romans whofirst develope d and used the arch extensiv ely in abovegro und structur es.】99occur v.发生, 出现8occurrences-occurrence n.发生,事件【They occur at the end of a successi on.】99include v.包括; 包含4inclusion n.内含; 内含物【Some drawback s to wind farms include visual pollutio n and noise, although these can be overcome by improvin g their design and locating them in isolated areas.】98provide v.提供【The land under wind turbines can be used for grazing cattle and other purposes , and leasing land for wind turbines can provide extra income for farmers and ranchers .】98indicate v.指出11indications-indication n.指出; 迹象【To indicate that trance states were often associat ed with activiti es that took place inside caves】96sediment n.沉淀物, 沉积10sedimentary adj.沉积的7sedimentation n.沉淀作用; 沉降【Petroleu m, consisti ng of crudeoil and natural gas, seems to originat e from organic matterin marine sediment .】96pressure n.压v.对...施加压力; 迫使【Continue d sediment ation—the process of deposits ’settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperat ures and pressure s, which convert the organic matter to oil96particular adj.特别的, 独有的【There is increasi ng evidence that the impacts of meteorit es have had importan teffects on Earth, particul arly in thefield of biologic al evolutio n.】95influence v.影响n.影响5influential adj.有影响的【Impacts by meteorit es represen t one mechanis m that could cause global catastro phes and seriousl y influenc e the evolutio n oflife all over the planet.】94modern adj.现代的, 时髦的【To contrast the relative sophisti cation of modern artists in solving problems related to the laws of physics 】94impact v.影响;撞击n.作用,冲击【If an impactis large enough, it can disturb the environm ent of the entire Earth and cause an ecologic al catastro phe.】93heat v.把...加热; 使激动 n.热,高潮, 热度【Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains into petroleu m.】93objects-object v.反对, 抗议 n.物体;目标3objective adj.客观的, 外在的 n.目的,实物【They engraved animal figures on the shafts of spears and other objects.】90types-type n.类型 v.作为代表,打字【They may have used figurine s to portray an ideal type or to express a desire for fertilit y.】90power n.势力; 权力 v.使...有力量,激励4hydropower n.水力发出的电力【In the future, wind power is likely to become a major source of the world’s energy supply.】90major adj.主要的, 大部份的 n.主修12majority n.多数, 大多数【The technolo gy is in placefor a major expansio n of wind power worldwid e.】90gas n.气体4gasoline n.汽油3outgassing n.除气作用【These periods are times when wind turbines are powered by hydrogen gas.】88cave n.洞穴 v.挖洞5caverns-cavern n.巨穴【Scholars have wondered about the meaning of the subjects , location , and over painting of Lascaux cave images.】87techniques-technique n.技巧; 技法【Artists develope dspecial techniqu es for painting the walls.】87structure n.结构, 构造 v.建筑, 组织15structural adj.结构的, 建筑的【The Long-Term Stabilit y of Ecosyste ms Plant communit ies assemble themselv es flexibly , and their particul ar structur e depends on the specific history of the area.】87rapid adj.迅速的, 急促的n.急流【A very dehydrat ed person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrat e at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficie ntly big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death86ocean n.海洋8oceanic adj.海洋的3oceanographers-oceanographer n.海洋学者【It has been suggeste d that Pakicetu s fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean.】86ancient adj.远古的, 年老的【To explain how ancient builders reduced the amount of time necessar y to construc t building s from stone.】86contained-contain v.包含12containers-container n.容器; 集装箱【The situatio n is most critical in Texas, where the climate is driest, the greatest amount of water is being pumped, and the aquifer contains theleast water.】84glaciers-glacier n.冰河30glacial adj.冰的; 冰河的6glaciation n.冰蚀3interglacial n.两个冰河世纪之间的温暖时间段【Sediment s that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread byrivers and streams.】82theater n.剧场; 电影院【They produced and prerecor ded the material that was shown in the theaters .】81conditions-condition n.情况; 环境【In some regions, the increase in desert areas is occurrin glargely as the result of a trend toward drier climatic conditio ns.】81behavior n.行为, 举止6behavioral adj.行为的【When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressi ve behavior .】80variety n.变化,多样性68various adj.各种的50vary v.改变, 变更; 变化4variables-variable n.变数, 可变物4invariably adv.不变地, 一定地【Facial expressi ons and emotiona l states interact with each other through avariety of feedback mechanis ms.】80nest n.巢 v.造巢【Such nests also act as humidity regulato rs by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water.】80characteristics-characteristic n.特性, 特色 adj.特有的30characterized-characterize v.赋予特色【The most striking characte ristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth form.】79government n.政府4governing-govern v.统治; 决定【In contrast to the Democrat s, the Whigs favored governme nt aid for educatio n.】79energy n.精力;精神5energetic adj.精力充沛的【Growth, reproduc tion, anddaily metaboli sm all require an organism to expend energy.】78involve v.包括5involvement n.包含【Spillage from hugeoil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisio ns or accident al groundin gs (such as the one off Alaskain 1989) can create oil slicks at sea.】78essential adj.重要的,本质的14essentially adv.实质上; 本来【Another opinion is that the painting s were directly related to hunting and were an essentia l part of a special preparat ion ceremony .】77movement n.运动; 运转【A united, highly successf ul labor movement took shape.】77evidence v.证明n.证据, 迹象【Supporti ng evidence comes from research showing that aggressi ve people often distort other people's motives.】77european adj.欧洲的n.欧洲人【Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwellsin the New Guinea highland s.】76national n.国民adj.国家的【Some oil lies under regions where drilling is forbidde n, such as national parks or other public lands.】76location n.位置43located-locate v.找出, 位于【Limiting drilling to accessib le location s】76aggressive adj.侵犯的, 有进取精神的40aggression n.进攻; 侵略4aggressiveness n.侵犯; 进取【When they are caused to frown, theyrate cartoons as being more aggressi ve.】75upper adj.上面的, 上级的【Ekman ’s observat ion may be relevant to the British expressi on “keep a stiff upper lip”as a recommen dation for handling stress.】75atmosphere n.大气, 气氛13atmospheric adj.大气的【The explosio n lifted about 100 trillion tons of dustinto the atmosphe re, as can be determin ed by measurin g the thicknes s of the sediment layer formed whenthis dust settled to the surface.】74iron n.铁; 熨斗adj.铁的【Scientif ic analysis reveals that the colors were derived from ocher and other iron oxides ground into a fine powder.】74facial adj.脸的, 脸部的【A person's facial expressi on may reflect the person's emotiona l state.】72clay n.粘土【The impact of raindrop s on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particle s into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producin g a surface that allows very little water penetrat ion.】71urban adj.都市的4urbanization n.都市化【Whig and Democrat ic areas of influenc e were naturall y split between urban andrural areas, respecti vely.】71painting-paint n.画, 绘画29painters-painter n.漆工29painted-paint v.油漆; 画3overpainting n.(油画)复盖色，复绘【In Southwes t France in the 1940’s, playing children discover ed Lascaux Grotto, a series of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehisto ric painting s of animals.】71economic adj.经济上的; 合算的62economy n.经济11economically adv.节俭地6economical adj.节俭的【To indicate that not all economic activity in the High Plainsis dependen t on irrigati on.】70popular adj.受欢迎的, 流行的【Although origininritual has long been the most popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the theater cameinto being.】68technology n.技术,工艺24technological adj.技术的, 工艺的【The developm ent of projecti on technolo gy made it possible to project images on a large screen.】68layer n.层; 地层 v.分层堆积【The Earth's crust is thought to be divided into huge, movable segments , called plates, which float on a soft plastic layer of rock.】68insects-insect n.昆虫【Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs and branches in the canopy for insects, flowers, orfruit, but small mammals are surpasse d, in the competit ion for food, by large onesthat have their68ability n.能力; 才能【Ekman argued that the ability to accurate ly recogniz e the emotiona l content offacial expressi ons was valuable for human beings.】67generally adv.通常, 普遍地, 逐渐地;一般来说the tree line there is a zone that is generall y called alpine tundra.】67applied-apply vi.使用；适用于vt.使用12application n.申请(表,书)【To demonstr ate that an understa nding of stabilit y in ecosyste ms can be applied to help understa nd stabilit y in other situatio ns】66transportation n.运输35transport v.传送,运输【Transpor tation networks began to decline.】66methods-method n.方法；秩序new methods of doing business involved a new and stricter sense of time.】66manufacturing-manufacture vt./ n.(大量)制造3manufacturers-manufacturer n.制造商【After 1815this older form of manufact uring began to give way to factorie s with machiner y tended by unskille d or semiskil led laborers .】66contributed-contribute v.有助于12contributions-contribution n.贡献【Even living things contribu te to the formatio n of landscap es.】63quality n.品质, 特质【They were produced with more concern for quality than for speed of producti on.】63marine adj.海的; 航海的; 海产的6submarine n.海底生物【Microsco pic organism s settle to the seafloor and accumula te in marine mud.】63mammals-mammal n.哺乳动物【The canopy ,the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds a plethora of climbing mammals of moderate ly large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupin es.】61established-establish v.建立, 制定10establishment n.确立; 设施【Once an oak tree becomes establis hed, it islikely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire.】60extinction n.消失35extinct adj.灭绝的【This break in Earth's history is marked by a mass extincti on, when as many as half the species on the planet became extinct.】60complex adj.复杂的, 合成的n.复合物,综合体9complexity n.复杂; 复杂性【Besides cave painting s, Upper Paleolit hic people produced several other kinds of artwork, one of which has been thought to provide evidence of complex thought 。
Word list 45:1,abstract 抽象的；抽象派的adj[bstrkt]2,activate刺激；使活动v[ktvet]...a voice-activated computer.声控电脑3，adjoining 毗连的，邻近的 adj.Suppose that there are three adjoining rooms in a building.假设在一个建筑物内，有三个相连的房间。
4,affect影响；感动；感染Nicotine adversely affects the functioning of the heart and arteries...尼古丁会对心脏及动脉功能造成损害5, affirm 断言;证实vt.& vi. [fm]Everything I had accomplished seemed to affirm that opinion.The church should have no political alignment... 教会不应与政治结盟。
The troops were in perfect alignment. 士兵们排成很直的行列。
7,array陈列；一大批，一系列n[re]There was an impressive array of pill bottles stacked on top of the fridge...冰箱上显眼地摆放着许多药瓶。
As the deadline approached she experienced a bewildering array of emotions... 随着最后期限的临近，她开始心绪纷乱，不知所措。
8，Babylonian巴比伦的adj[bblonin]9，basement地下室n10，bonanza富矿脉；带来好运的事n[bnnz]What a bonanza for the winning ticket holders! 对于手持胜券的人来说，这是多好的运气啊！South Africa's gold and mineral bonanza is beginning to tail off. 南非的丰富黄金矿藏量以及其它矿业资源正在日益枯竭11，brilliant闪耀的；杰出的adj12，bulk [blk] n（大）体积;大部分；主体the shadowy bulk of an ancient barn.一座古老谷仓的巨大阴影The bulk of the text is essentially a review of these original documents...文章的主要部分基本是对这些原始文件的回顾。
The vast bulk of imports and exports are carried by sea.大部分的进出口货物都是通过海路运输的。
13,chant[tnt]n(反复吟诵的)圣歌;不断重复的话A chant in a single tone. 单音词曲子14,charcoal 木炭n.[tɑrkol]15,confirm证实；使巩固；批准vWilliams has confirmed his position as the world's number one snooker player. 威廉姆斯巩固了自己世界头号斯诺克选手的地位。
You make the reservation, and I'll confirm it in writing.你来预订，我会去函确认。
16.continuation延长；延续n17.Corporate共同的；公司的adj[krprt]the UK corporate sector.英国企业界18，deny否认；拒绝v19，diffusion 扩散;散布，传播[dfjun]There are data on the rates of diffusion of molecules.有关于分子扩散速度的数据。
Over time, the technology is diffused and adopted by other countries.久而久之，这项技术传播到了其他国家并得到利用。
Culture diffusion文化扩散Air diffusion空气扩散20,distasteful（令人）不愉快的；讨厌的adj21,district区域，管区n22，endeavor [ndv] v尝试；尽力 n. 努力，尽力We endeavor to make our customers satisfied. 我们力图使顾客都满意Thereupon, we knew, our endeavor was valuable. 于是，我们知道，我们的努力是有价值的！23，enterprising[ntpraz]adj.有事业心的；有进取心的enterprising spirit 创新精神24,ephemeral短暂的，转瞬即逝的[fmrl]Her success as a singer was ephemeral.作为歌唱家她取得的成功只是昙花一现25,eruption爆发；喷发n26，essay散文；短文；评论n27，execute执行；处死；完成v[kskjut]One group claimed to have executed the American hostage...一个组织声称已经处决了那名美国人质。
We are going to execute our campaign plan to the letter.我们将严格施行我们的竞选计划。
I executed the hairpin turn high on the sheer western face of the mountains...我在山脉西侧陡峭的高处成功地急转弯。
28，expose使暴露；使曝光vBe exposed to...暴露于...We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers. 我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。
29，familiar熟悉的；通晓的；亲近的adjBe familiar to 为...所熟悉的30，far-fetched牵强的adjNo, I usually find them too far-fetched, impossible to believe. 不，我通常觉得这些电影太牵强了，简直叫人难以置信。
31.firm 公司n/结实的，坚定的；(决定或意见)确定的,不会更改的 adjThe firm's employees were expecting large bonuses.这家公司的雇员期待着发放大笔奖金。
/Fruit should be firm and in excellent condition...水果应该硬实完好。
/He made a firm decision to leave Fort Multry by boat...他打定主意乘船离开穆尔特里堡(firmly稳固地adv)32,flap 拍打n/（使）摆动；飘动vThe flags are flapping in the breeze.33.flux 变迁nEducation remains in a state of flux which will take some time to settle down.教育还处于不断变化中，需要一段时间才能稳定下来。
(influx流入：problems caused by the influx of refugees.大批难民涌入产生的问题）34.fort要塞，堡垒n35.Giraffe长颈鹿n36.Grazing放牧，牧场n [grez]Over grazing 过度放牧37.Harmonic [hɑrmɑnk] 和声的adjI had been looking for ways to combine harmonic and rhythmic structures.我过去一直在寻找将和声和节奏结合起来的方法。
[adimot] 观念运动的adjIdeomotor action 观念运动Ideomotor theory 念动说[adlk]adj. 田园诗的；田园诗般的,质朴宜人的,平和欢畅的...an idyllic setting for a summer romance... 适于夏日恋曲的质朴宜人的环境Married life was not as idyllic as he had imagined. 婚姻生活并不像他想象的那么浪漫美好。
40.illustrate阐明；举例说明v41.inclination [nklnen]n. 倾向；爱好He had neither the time nor the inclination to think of other things...他没有时间也不愿意去考虑其他事情。
42.instinct本能；天性n43.introduction介绍；传入，引进；导言，导论，绪论n44.Ironic [arɑnk] adj讽刺的45.Luxury奢侈（品）n46.Lyric抒情的adj/抒情诗；歌词nLawrence's splendid short stories and lyric poetry.劳伦斯精彩的短篇小说和抒情诗/Kurt Weill's Broadway opera with lyrics by Langston Hughes.由兰斯顿·休斯作词的库尔特·韦尔的百老汇歌剧47.mantle覆盖（物）；地幔n48.meticulous [mtkjls] adj细心的，很注意细节的,谨小慎微的He was so meticulous about everything...他对所有事情都一丝不苟。
49.migration [maɡren] n迁居，迁徙；迁徙的人、动物等的数量；【化】【物】移动Bird migration鸟类迁徙50.Moderate适度的；温和的；普通的adjHe was an easygoing man of very moderate views... 他的观点非常温和，容易相处/While a moderate amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.适度的压力是有好处的，但是压力太大会把人压垮。
