2007年硕士入学考试试题2006-12)

武汉理工大学2002年研究生入学考试试题第一部分必做题一、下图是立方晶胞示意图，其中I位于HA的中点，J、K、L分别是BCFE、CDGF、EFGH 三个面的中心：（12分）1.请你在图上标出或分别写出BCFE CDGF EFGH BCI BDGE ACG 六个晶面的晶面指数（密勒指数）。

2.写出AB AC AE AF AG AJ AK AL 八个晶向的晶向指数。

3.写出{111}晶面族的所有等价晶面。

二、Na2O晶体结构属于萤石型结构。

（15分）1.试画出Na2O的晶胞结构图。

2.根据晶胞结构指出3离子的配位数。

3.该结构存在解理现象吗？请说明理由。

4. Na2O晶体在扩散温度范围进行扩散处理时，结构中易出现何种机制的扩散？为什么？5.在Na2OcaOSiO2系统玻璃中，Na2O对该体系玻璃的电导率和化学稳定性有什么影响？怎样抑制其不利影响？三、（16分）1.写出如下杂质进入基质晶体后可能出项的典型的缺陷反应方程式（即对应典型的置换型固溶体和间隙型固溶体的形成过程的方程式）。

（1）MgO加入Al2O3中；（2）TiO2加入Al2O3中；2.据此总结书写组成缺陷反应方程式的规律性。

3.烧结Al2O3陶瓷时经常加入MgO或TiO2以降低烧结温度，根据缺陷化学原理说明加入哪一种外加剂更能促进烧结。

四、下图是ABC三元系统相图，其中有二个二元化合物D F及一个三元化合物G。

根据此相图完成下列问题：（20分）1.划分副三角形，用剪头表示界线上温度下降的方向（包括各二元系统）。

2.写出M点配料的熔体平衡冷却析晶时固、液相组成的变化过程。

3.计算熔体M结晶结束时，各相的百分含量（以线段比表示）。

若液相组成刚到达该结晶结束点时，各相的百分含量又为若干（同样以线段表示）？4.加热组成为P Q 的物料，在什么温度下开始出现液相，到什么温度时完全熔融？五、叙述相变的总体分类方法：从热力学分来，可以细分为哪几类？并举例说明。

2007年金融学硕士研究生招生联考“金融学基础"试题一、单项选择题(每小题各有4个备选答案，请选出最合适的1个答案。

) 1．消费者只购买面包和黄油，如果面包价格下降，那么( )。

A．收入效应与替代效应都引起黄油消费的上升B．收入效应与替代效应都引起黄油消费的下降C．收入效应使黄油的消费上升，但替代效应作用相反D．收入效应和替代效应将相互抵消，从而商品需求保持不变2．利用需求收入弹性不能区分出( )。

A．正常品B．中性品C．低劣品D．吉芬品3．消费者选择提前消费或延迟消费，与( )无直接关系。

A．消费者偏好B．消费者剩余C．消费者对未来的预期收入D．市场利率状况4．某个企业的生产函数为q=20x1/3y2/3，其中x和y分别为要素x和y的投入量。

假如企业目标是追求成本最小化，要素x的价格为要素y的价格的5倍，则企业的投入要素比例x/y等于( )。

A．0.12 B．0.25 C．0.10 D．0.08 5．某企业的长期成本函数为C(q)=2q2+2，从长期看，只要市场上商品价格超过( )，该企业就会提供正的商品供给。

A．8 B．5 C．6 D．4 6．下列因素中，( )不影响可贷资金的供给。

A．政府财政赤字B．家庭储蓄C．中央银行的货币供应D．利用外资7．下列哪种情况中，增加货币供给不会影响均衡收入?( )。

A．LM曲线陡峭，IS曲线平缓B．LM曲线陡峭，IS曲线也陡峭C．LM曲线平缓，IS曲线垂直D．LM曲线和IS曲线一样平缓8．索洛模型中的黄金分割律是指( )。

A．资本的边际产品等于劳动的增长率B．资本的边际产品等于储蓄的增长率C．储蓄的增长率等于投资的增长率D．消费的增长率等于劳动的增长率9．假设已实现充分就业，且总供给曲线为一垂直线，则减税会导致( )。

A．实际产出水平和价格水平上升B．价格水平上升，而实际产出不变C．实际产出上升，而价格水平不变D．实际产出水平和价格水平均不变10．某个国家在充分就业下的产出为5000亿美元，而自然失业率为5%。

四川农业大学硕士研究生课程考试试题课程名称：高级生物化学(总分100) 适用专业年级：2006级各专业主考教师：杨婉身陈惠考试时间：2007.1.4考生姓名：专业学号考生注意：第一、二题答案填写在答题卡内，其余答案写在答题纸上一、单选题（,每题分，共20分，在答题卡上将选择的答案用铅笔涂黑）1．下列各三肽混合物，用阳离子交换树脂，pH梯度洗脱，哪一个最先被洗下来？A．Met-Asp-Gln；B．Glu-Asp-V al；C．Glu- V al - Asp；D．Met-Glu-Asp2．有一个环肽的组成是Ala，Asp，Gly，Leu2，V al，Met，下列方法中你首先选用什么方法作为你测定这一个肽的序列的第一步？A．胰蛋白酶水解B．羧肽酶水解C．溴化氰裂解D．氨肽酶水解3．下面关于生物大分子沉降系数的叙述哪一个是错误的?A．其大小与分子量有关B．其大小与分子形状有关C．与其光吸收值的大小有关D．与其扩散系数有关４．下列关于cAMP的论述哪一个是错误的?A．是由腺苷酸环化酶催化A TP产生的B．是由鸟苷酸环化酶催化A TP产生的C．可被磷酸二酯酶水解为5'-AMP D．是细胞第二信息物质5．下列关于某一酶的几个同工酶的叙述哪一项是正确的？A．由不同的多聚复合体组成B．对同一底物具有不同的专一性C．对同一底物具有相同的Km值D．电泳迁移率往往相同6．SDS-PAGE把混合的蛋白质分开，是根据各种蛋白质的什么性质？A．蛋白质分子带电性的不同B．分子大小不同C．分子极性的不同D．溶解度的不同7．下列常见抑制剂中，除哪个外都是不可逆抑制剂：A．有机磷化合物B．有机汞化合物C．氰化物D．磺胺类药物8．当要把Cys、Ser、Gly和His四种氨基酸吸附于阳离子交换树脂柱上时，应调到什么pH值？A．pH 4.0 B．pH 6.0C．pH 8.0 D．pH10.09．在下列检测蛋白质的方法中，哪一种取决于完整的肽链？A．凯氏定氮法B．双缩脲反应C．紫外吸收法D．茚三酮法10．镰刀形红细胞贫血病是异常血红蛋白纯合子基因的临床表现。

s=“Hello!”；sp=“Hello!”；8、下列程序是否正确？（）main(){int i,a[10]；for(i=0；i<10；i++；)a[i]=i；printf(“%d\n”,a[i])；}9、在C语言中，共用体变量中的所有成员占有同一个存储空间。

（）10、下列语句是否正确？（）#define PI 3.1415926；area=PI*r*r；对于试题的一些补充说明：1、试题每年我都会进行整理分析（收录当年的试题），给出严格严谨的答案；2、试题的答案除特别简单的题目，一般都会上机测试，保证答案的正确性（当然，我的答案不一定都对，青出于蓝而胜于蓝，我相信后继者会更加优秀，欢迎批评指正）；3、本套试题的原始试卷中存在出错的题目，没有正确答案，我一并进行了修改，但仍保留了原题目；4、该套试题已经经过两代考研人（2014年）的验证和修改修订，以下是部分使用者的评价：广东工业大学2001年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：C语言程序设计招生专业：机械电子工程（注：试卷封面需填写自己的准考证号，答完后连同试题一并交回）一、判断题（对的打√，错的打×）（每问2分，共20分）1、一个C语言程序可以包含任意多个不同名的函数，C程序总是从第一个出现的函数开始执行。

（）2、putchar 函数可以向终端输出一个字符或者字符型变量值。

（）3、表达式‘A’<=ch<=‘Z’可以判断char型变量ch是否为大写字母。

（）4、C语言中，do-while循环和while循环的主要区别是do-while循环至少无条件执行一次。

（）5、对于某个具体的结构体类型，成员的数量必须固定，各个成员的类型必须相同。

（）6、下列语句都是合法的赋值语句。

（）k=int(a+b)；a=b=58--i；7、下列运算符的优先级从高到低依次排列为：! && + <=8、下面程序的运行结果为8，-1 （）#include<stdio.h>main(){int i,b,k=0；for(i=1；i<=5；i++){b=i%2；while(b-->=0) k++；}printf(“%d，%d”，k,b)；}9、下列语句均为C语言控制语句：（）if()…else…；for()……；continue；goto；return；）或“假”？4、请分别从变量的作用域和变量的存在时间两个方面来对变量的数据存储类别进行分析和说明。

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirecti ons:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (10 poi nts)The homeless make up a grow ing perce ntage of America ' s populati on.大 1 家 homeless ness has reached such proporti ons that localgover nmentscan ' t possibly 大 2 家.To help homeless people the federal gover nment must support job training programs, minimum wage, and fund more low-cost hous ing.大 5 家 every one agrees on the nu mber of America ns who are homeless. Estimates 大 6 家 any where from 600,000 to 3 millio n.大 7 家 the figuremay vary, an alysts do agree on ano ther matter: that the nu mber of the homeless is 大 8 家.Oneof the federalgovernment ' s studies 大 9 家 thatthe nu mber of the homeless will reach n early 19 milli on by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 大 10 家 this growing homeless population has become in creas in gly difficult.大 11 家 whe n homeless in dividuals man age tofind a 大 12 家 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at ni ght, a good nu mber still spe nd the bulk of each day street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a sig nifica nt nu mber of the homeless have serious men tal disorders. Many others, 大 14 家 not addicted or men tally ill, simply lack the everyday大 15 家 skills needed to turn their lives大 3 家 independence,大4家 the大 13 家 the大17 家programsimprove only when there are ----------------- address the manyneedsof the homeless. 大 18家Edward Zlotkowski, director service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 大 19 家it, to be 大 20 家of programs. What ' s needed is a package deal.1. [A] In deed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] sta nd[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] gen erally[B] almost[C] hardlycommu nity “There has[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] in flati ng[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter13. [A] searchi ng[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existenee[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coord inationSecti on II Read ing Comprehe nsionPart ADirecti ons:Read the followi ng four texts. An swer the questi ons below each text bychoosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET1 . (40 points)Text 1In spite of Bn dless talk of differe nee, ” America n society is anamaz ing machi ne for homoge nizing people. There is the democratiz inguni formity of dress and discourse, and the casua In ess and abse nee of deferenee ” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed intoa culture of consumption ” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elega nt atmosphere.In stead of in timate shops cateri ng to a kno wledgeable elite, ” th ese were stores “nyone could en ter, regardless of class or backgro und. This tur ned shopp ing into a public and democratic act. ” The mass media, advertis ing and sports are other forces for homoge ni zati on.Immigra nts are quickly fitti ng into this com mon culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the Nati onal Immigrati on Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today ' s immigrati on is n either at un precede nted levels nor resista nt to assimilati on. In 1998 immigra nts were 9.8 perce nt of populati on; in 1900,13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, con sider three in dices of assimilati on -- Ian guage, homeow nershipmost com mon coun tries of origi n spoke En glish well ' or v ery well a fter ten years of reside nee. ”The childre n of immigra ntstend to be bilingual and proficient in English. By the third generation,the orig in al la nguage is lost in the majority of immigra nt families. ”Hence the description of America as a g raveyard ” fo r Ianguages. By1996 foreig n-born immigra nts who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rateof 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate amongn ative-bor n America ns.Foreig n-born Asia ns and Hispa nics have higher rates ofin termarriage tha n do U.S.-bor n whites and blacks. ” By the thirdgen erati on, one third of Hispa nic wome n are married to non-Hispa ni cs,and 41 perce nt of Asia n-America n wome n are married to non-Asia ns.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarze negger and Garth Brooks, yet some America ns fear that immigra nts livi ng within the Un ited States rema in somehow immune to the n ati on'assimilative power. ”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seethi ng an ger in America? In deed.It is big eno ugh to have a bit of everythi ng. But particularly whe n viewed aga instAmerica s turbule nt past, today 'social in diceshardly suggest a dark and deteriorati ng social en vir onment.21. The word homogenizing ”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century■[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became in timate shops for com mon con sumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[A] are resista nt to homoge ni zati on[B] exert a great in flue nce on America n culture[C] are hardly a threat to the com mon culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public 'fear of immigra nts.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful in flue nce of America n culture.25. In the author 'opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is■[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two dist in ctly separate and in creas in gly hostile bran ches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Compa ny (RSC), which prese nts superb producti ons of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the tow nsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway ' s Cottage, Shakespeare 'birthplace and the other sights.The worthy reside nts of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a pennyto their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC ' actors, them with theirlong hair and beards and san dals and noisin ess. It 's all deliciouslyironic whe n you con sider that Shakespeare, who earns their liv ing, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of no ise-mak ing.The tourist streams are not en tirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus --the RSC conten ds, who bring in much of the tow n s reve nue becausethey spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of tow n by ni ghtfall.The townsfolk don ' t see it this way and local council does not con tribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Compa ny. Stratford cries poor traditi on ally. Nevertheless every hotel in tow n seems to be addi ng a new wing or cocktail lo un ge. Hilt on is build ing its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Loun ge, the Banquo Banq uet ing Room, and so forth, and will be very expe nsive.Any way, the tow nsfolk can 'un dersta nd why the Royal Shakespeare Compa nyn eeds a subsidy. (The theatre has broke n atte ndance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 perce nt occupied all year long and this year they 'I do better.) The reas on, of course, is thatcosts have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford s most attractive clie ntele.They come en tirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lea n, poin ted, dedicated faces, weari ng jeans and san dals, eati ng their buns and beddi ng dow n for the ni ght on the flagst ones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office ope ns at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we lear n that ______ .[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC 'contribution to the town s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be in ferred from Paragraph 3 that ______ .[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater4), the author implies that _______ .[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because■[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________ .[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the tow nsfolk 'view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3Whe n prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, someth ing stra nge happe ned to the large ani mals. They sudde nly became exti net. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growi ng ani mals were easy game, and were quickly hun ted to exti ncti on. Now somethi ng similar could be happe ning in the ocea ns.That the seas are being overfished has bee n known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have show n is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data fromfisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish speciesin particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. Accord ing to their latest paper published in Nature , the biomassDr. Worm ack no wledges that these figures are con servative. One reas on for this is that fish ing tech no logy has improved. Today 'vesselscan find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proporti on of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real differeneebetween present and past is likelyto be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hookswould have bee n available to trap them, leadi ng to an un derestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fish ing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had bee n hooked.That is no Ion ger a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Wormargue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future managementefforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the shifting baseline. ” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive cha nges which have happe ned in the ocea n because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum susta in able yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes whe n the biomass of a target species is about50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do bus in ess.31. The ext in cti on of large prehistoric an imals is no ted to suggest that■[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm s paper that ________ .[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries hasreduced by 90%[B] there are on ly half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of theorig inal amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in newfisheries than in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that _______ .[A] fishi ng tech no logy has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that _______ .[A] people should look for a baseli ne that can work for a Ion ger time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocea n biomass should be restored to its orig in al level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries '■[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] tech no logical applicati onText 4Many thi ngs make people thi nk artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists 'only job is to explore emoti ons, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn 'always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for express ing joy. But somewherefrom the 19th cen tury on ward, more artists bega n see ing happ in ess as meanin gless, phony or, worst of all, bori ng, as we went from Wordsworth 'daffodilsto Baudelaire o flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happ in ess becausemoder n times have see n so much misery. But it ' s not as if earlier times did n 't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happ in ess in the world today.After all, what is the one moder n form of expressi on almost completely dedicated to depict ing happ in ess? Advertis ing. The rise of an ti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emerge nee of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happ in ess is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked un til exhausted, lived with few protecti ons and died young. In the West, before mass com muni cati on and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in dan ger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Give n all this, they did not exactly n eed their art to be a bummer too. _______Today the messages the average Wester ner is surro un ded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, n ews an chors, text messe ngers, all smili ng, smili ng, smili ng. Our magaz ines feature beam ing celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an age nda -- to lure us to ope n our wallets --they make the very idea of happ in ess seem un reliable. Celebrate! ” comma nded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could in crease the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depe nds on us forgett ing -is that happ in ess is more tha n pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest pote ntial for loss and disappo in tme nt. Today, surro un ded by promises of easy happ in ess, we n eed art to tell us, as religi on once did, Meme nto mori: remember that youwill die, that everyth ing en ds, and that happ in ess comes not in denyingthis but in liv ing with it. It 'a message eve n more bitter tha n a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By cit ing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that _______ .[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happ in ess[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word bummer ”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means something■[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author ' opinion, advertising _________ .[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusi on of happ in ess rather tha n happ in ess itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes■[A] happ in ess more ofte n tha n not ends in sad ness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balanee between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappo in ted at the realities of moder n society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirecti ons:In the followi ng article, somese nten ces have bee n removed. For Questi ons 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into eachof the nu mbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not n eed to use in any of the bla nks. Mark your a nswers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 poi nts)On the n orth bank of the Ohio river sits Eva nsville, I nd., home ofDavid Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambli ng in that cas ino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had n ever gambled before the cas ino sent him a coup on for $20 worth of gambli ng.He visited the cas in o, lost the $20 and left. On his sec ond visithe lost $800. The cas ino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which whe n used in the cas ino ear ns points for meals and drin ks, and enables the casino to track the user 'gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electr onic heroin".(41) _______ .In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machi ne in twodays. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot mach ines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard whe n the cas ino ope ned at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the cas ino, charg ing that it should have refused his patr on age because it knew hewas addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams 'got him involuntarily confinedto a treatme nt cen ter for addicti ons, and wrote to inform the cas ino ofWilliams ' gambli ng problem. The cas ino in eluded a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a cease admissi onsletter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the lettersaid that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to prese ntmedical/psychological in formati on dem on strati ng that patr onizing the cas ino wouldpose no threat to his safety or well-bei ng.(42) _______The Wall Street Jour nal reports that the cas ino has 24 sig ns war ning: Enjoy the fun …and always bet with your head, not over it. ” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the IndianaDepartment of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams ' s s uit charges that the casino,knowing he was helplessly addicted to gambling, ”inten ti on ally worked to lure ” him to Fn gage in con duct aga inst his will. ” Well.(43) _______The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says pathological gambling ” involves persistent, recurringand uncon trollable pursuit less of money tha n of thrill of tak ing risksin quest of a win dfall.(44) _______ . Pushed by scie nee, or what claims to be scie nee,society is reclassify ing what once were con sidered character flaws ormoral faili ngs as pers on ality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) _______ .states are to vary ing degrees depe ndent on -- you might say addicted to--revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competiti on for gamblers ' dollars has becomeintense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 milli on gamblerspatr onize 1,800 virtual cas inos every week. With $3.5 billi on being loston Internet wagers this year, gambli ng has passed porno graphy as the Webs most profitable bus in ess.[A] Although no such evide nee was prese nted, the cas inodepartme nt con ti nued to pepper him with maili ngs. cas ino and used his Fun Card without being detected. 'marketi ng And he entered the[B] It is un clear what luri ng was required, give n his compulsive behavior.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have cas inos, and most of theseAnd in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to eve n, he would quit. One ni ght he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambli ng has bee n a com mon feature of America n life forever, but fora long time it was broadly con sidered a sin, or a social disease.Nowit is a social policy: the most importa nt and aggressive promoter of gambli ng in Americais the gover nment.[E] David Williams ' s suit should trouble this gambling nation.But dont bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicaliz ing problems, often defining as addictions gen erati ons expla ined as weak ness of will.[G] The anonym ous, I on ely, un distracted n ature of on li ne gambli ng is especially conducive tocompulsive behavior. But even if the gover nment knew how to move aga inst Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirecti ons:Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and consideredof no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story whe n he observed that it is the in tellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more tha nthat. They have grow n dissatisfied with the role of in tellectual. It isthey, not America, who have become an ti-i ntellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is anwho must accept the obligati on of reveali ng in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reas oning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to asintellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded himbecause, while his accomplishme nts may con tribute to the soluti on ofmoral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other huma n bein gs, hemore and more behavioralwhat earlier, ster nerin tellectual? 46) I shall define him as an in dividual who haselected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way aboutmoral problems.con sciously, articulately, questions, then by asking which seems appropriate in which he has obtained. 47)He explores such problems first fin ally by suggesti ng factual by ask ing factual action and moral in formati on and fran kly, moral questions, the light of the His function is —analogous —to that —of ——a judge,encounters moral issues even in the everyday performanee of his routineduties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidenee, or doctor his reports.49) Bu―his primary task is not to think— about the moral code which governs his activity, any—more than abus in essma n is expected to dedicate his en ergies to an explorati on ofrules of con duct in bus in ess. During most of his wak ing life he will take his code for gra nted, as the bus in essma n takes his ethics.The defi niti on also excludes the majority of teachers, despite thefact that teachi ng has traditi on ally bee n the method whereby manyintellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and morethan ear n their salaries, but most of them make little or no in depe ndentreflecti ons on huma n problems which in volve moral judgme nt. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of huma n kno wledge is one thin g, liv ing in "public and illustrious thoughts, ” as Emers on would say, is somethi ng else.Secti on III Writ ingPart A51. Directi onsYou want to con tribute to Project Hope by offeri ng finan cial aid toa child in a remote area. Write a letter to the departme nt concern ed, ask ing them to help find a can didate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your pla n.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming ”in stead.Do not write the address. (10 poin ts)Part B52. Directi ons:Study the follow ing photos carefully and write an essay in whichyou should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words n eatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 poi nts)有两幅图片，图1把崇拜写在脸上；图2花300元做“小贝头”注:Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

根据以上资料制定一个运费最少的方案（2）某修理店只有一个修理工人，来修理的顾客到达次数服从普阿松分布，平均每小时4人，修理时间服从负指数分布，平均需65分钟：（24分）1、修理店空闲时间概率2、店内有3个顾客的概率3、店内至少有一个顾客的概率4、在店内顾客平均数四、五、1）请简述影子价格的定义。

（2）在使用单纯型表求解型线性规划时，资源的影子价格在单纯型表的什么位置上？（3）写出影子价格的数学表达式并用其定义加以验证（4）试述运输问题中检验数的经济意义六、某公司近期向市场推出了一种新产品，多功能复印打印机。

该产品的多功能很受顾客欢迎，但一旦需停下来维修则要同时耽误多项工作，因此，顾客要求尽量缩短维修等待时间。

为此，公司的技术服务部在每个销售区域设置了一位技术服务代表专门负责该产品维修服务。

假设顾客要求维修的电话是完全随机到达，平均每天到达3个。

而技术服务代表连续工作时，平均每天完成4项维修任务。

(1) 该服务系统能否看作一个MM／1排队系统？为什么？(2) 假设该系统可看作一个标准的MM／1排队系统，求出系统的服务强度（技术服务代表的繁忙率）和顾客的平均等待（不包括维修）时间。

(3) 现公司希望将顾客的平均等待时间降为不超过0.25天。

为此需将每个技术服务代表的服务区域缩小为达到率不超过多少？这时每个技术服务代表的服务强度降为多少？七、线性规划问题12 12121212m ax23 221228416412,0z x x x xx xxxx x⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩=++≤+≤≤≤≥已知其最优解x1，x2 >0，而第1，4两种资源（相应于第1，4两约束）均有余量，应用互补松弛定理求出原问题和对偶问题的最优解第1页（共3页）第2页（共3页）（1）简述对偶单纯法的优点和应用上的局限性。

（2）动态规划是基于什么原理？并简述这个原理。

问：（24分）5、顾客来理发不必等待的概率。

6、理发店内的顾客平均数。

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?Indeed.It is big enough to have a bit of everything.But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past,today’s social indices hardly suggesta dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)most probably means________.[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizing22.According to the author,the department stores of the19th century________.[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture[B]became intimate shops for common consumers[C]satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.________.[A]are resistant to homogenization[B]exert a great influence on American culture[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture[D]constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph5?[A]To prove their popularity around the world.[B]To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C]To give examples of successful immigrants.[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion,the absorption of immigrants into American society is_______.[A]rewarding[B]successful[C]fruitless[D]harmfulText2Stratford-on-Avon,as we all know,has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.There is the Royal Shakespeare Company(RSC),which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny totheir revenue.They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors,them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.It’s all deliciously ironic when youconsider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate.The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays,and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.However,the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers,the RSC contends,who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.Stratford cries poor traditionally.Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.Hilton is building its own hotel there,which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banqueting Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.Anyway,the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a st year its1,431seats were94per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.)The reason,of course,is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.They come entirely for the plays,not the sights.They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over)—lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the20seats and80standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at10:30a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs,we learn that________.[A]the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B]the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C]the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D]the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that________.[A]the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B]the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C]the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D]the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line2,Paragraph4),the author implies that______.[A]Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B]Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C]the town is not really short of money[D]the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk,the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A]ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B]the company is financially ill-managed[C]the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D]the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author________.[A]is supportive of both sides[B]favors the townsfolk’s view[C]takes a detached attitude[D]is sympathetic to the RSCText3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large,slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.Whatresearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature,the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by80%within15years of the start of exploitation.In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr.Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar,which were not available50years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.In the early days,too,longlines would have been more saturated with fish.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing,a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.That is no longer a problem,because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline,which future management efforts must take into account.They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists,that of the“shifting baseline”.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about50%of its original levels.Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm’s paper that________.[A]the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by90%[B]there are only half as many fisheries as there were15years ago[C]the catch sizes in new fisheries are only20%of the original amount[D]the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Worm means that________.[A]fishing technology has improved rapidly[B]then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C]the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D]the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr.Myers and other researchers hold that________.[A]people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B]fisheries should keep their yields below50%of the biomass[C]the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D]people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A]management efficiency[B]biomass level[C]catch-size limits[D]technological applicationText4Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest may be this:artists’only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so.The earliest forms of art,like painting and music,are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the19th century onward,more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,phony or, worst of all,boring,as we went from Wordsworth’sdaffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war,disaster and the massacre of innocents.The reason,in fact,may be just the opposite:there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all,what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising.The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.[D]Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps.There are two extra choices,which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind., home of David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino(a place where gambling games are played).During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams,a state auditor earning$35,000a year,lost approximately $175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his second visit he lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a“Fun Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.For Williams,these activities become what he calls“electronic heroin”.(41)________.In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.In March1997he lost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a time,all night,until the boat docked at5a.m.,then went back aboard when the casino opened at9a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.It did know he had a problem.In March1998a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a“cease admissions”letter.Noting the“medical/psychological”nature of problem gambling behavior,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42)________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has24signs warning:“Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head,not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williams’s suit charges that the casino,knowing he was“helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to“lure”him to“engage in conduct against his will.”Well.(43)________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says“pathological gambling”involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest ofa windfall.(44)________.Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)________.Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995,competition for gamblers’dollars has become intense.The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2160-200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。

全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试课程代码：00603英语写作试题I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Attaining Success in CollegeSucceeding in college is not only important to getting and education, but also crucial in this day and age to success in the work place. To me, the three most important things for attaining a successful college experience are having smart classroom conduct, taking advantage of campus resources, and making college the first priority.Making good use of campus resources is also of great importance to college success. The school library has many resources for the growth of the students’ mind. With computers and copy-machines for individual use, computer labs and writing labs are there not just for learning purposes but also for actual help with writing papers. The “office hours”will help the students build a close relationship with their professors and give them access to the professors’ mind. From the professors the students can acquire possible extra information that may put them ahead of their study. All these resources are free, since they are funded by student tuitions. So taking good advantage of the resources can only make the students’ education more attainable.Finally, any students who want to assure success must establish school as the top priority. Personally I have watched some students slowly loosen up; I have seen a pattern of partying and a lack of motivation. Many of the freshmen have no idea why they are in college, and their “eyes” often tell it all. This world is so rich in distractions that it is hard to keep a strong focus, especially if one is just starting his or her academic career. It is said that the first semester is often the most “unsuccessful” one. This certainly rings true for me.I made mistakes in this regard and eventually learned that, to achieve success, school must always be placed above other things.In my college experience, I have observed and learned how to achieve success. I wish someone had told me earlier the importance of having that smart classroom conduct, of fully utilizing the school resources, andII. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.SmellSmell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important. Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other person is not present. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors.Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or clothes that emit unpleasant smells such as sweat. They work hard to cover up their body odor and view those with body odor as dirty and unsanitary. However, people usually are not comfortable in discussing the topic, and generally will not tell another that his or her body odor is offensive. They will simply avoid being close to the person and will end the conversation as quickly as possible.Other cultures have quite different concepts of natural odors; they consider them as normal and believe that it is an act of friendship to “breathe the breath” of the person with whom they converse and to feel their presence by smelling. For example, Arabs don’t seem to feel comfortable unless they can smell each other. When Arabs talk, they virtually envelop each other in their breath. Smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirable; denying him or her this privilege is to act ashamedly. In other cultures smell also plays an important role. In Japan, young girls will often play a game involving the placing of five fragrances in tiny boxes. The girl who identifies the most aromas wins the game. In Bali, Indonesia, when lovers greet one another, they often breathe deeply in a kind of friendly sniffing. It is not uncommon for young lovers in the Philippines to trade small pieces of clothing on parting so that the smell of the other person will evoke their affection for each other.Not knowing cultural variations in attitude toward smell can create uncertainty and even ill feeling. For example, a medical doctor from Saudi Arabia once worked in a hospital in the southern United States. Problems arose when patients refused to have the Saudi doctor examine them. Interviews with patients revealed two problems: He “smelled bad” and he breathed on the patients. The doctor’s training had apparently failed to include the difference between Arabic and American attitudes and practices relating to smell. Clearly, encounters between people with such widely differing attitudes could lead to serious miscommunication. To maintain harmonious intercultural business relationships, one should remember these diverse attitudes toward smell.III. Compose an essay (60 points)In China, old people are usually taken care of by their family members, but now some people send theiraging parents to nursingyour views./ke.htm全国2008年10月自考英语写作试题课程代码：00603Ⅰ. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Different Types of ParentsIt is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they love their children in different ways. Generally speaking, in terms of how they treat their children, parents fall into three basic types: autocratic, democratic, and permissive.The autocratic parent’s word is the law. He always sets rules, expecting complete obedience from his children. He assumes that he knows what is best for his children and that they will learn discipline and respect for authority from his orders. He does not realize that he may not know best and that rules without mercy may breed contempt for authority. If the child came home late from a party because a major accident on the highway tied up traffic for miles, this parent would not allow the child to explain his reasons for being late. The child would be immediately punished. This kind of parent probably has good intentions, wanting his child to grow up “right,” but his approach to the task may lead to conflicts. The democratic parent is not so strict. He is willing to discuss rules with his children and listen to their side of an argument. If his child came home an hour late from a party, he would listen to the explanation instead of punishing the child immediately. In general, the democratic parent lays down fewer rules than his autocratic counterpart because he realizes children must learn certain things in life on their own. He prefers to play the role of an advisor and is always available when his children need help.Too few people with children are democratic parents, which is the best of the three types. Too much or too little authority often breeds disrespect and resentment. A good parent should offer guidance and advice; he should not try to rule his children or disregard his children completely.Ⅱ. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.The Human BrainFor centuries, people wondered about how the human brain works. Researchers were particularly concerned about its structure and functions. It was not long ago that scientists made the remarkable discovery that our brains are divided into two halves—left brain and right brain, and that each half has separate features and roles.The left brain is said to be the logical brain. It is the left brain that we use to solve mathematical problems and go think logically. For example, if you are asked how to make coffee, this is what happens. Your left brain begins to work; it searches its files for information on coffee making. If it finds the files, it begins relating what to do step by step. If it does not find any record, it says it does not know.The right brain is often called the creative brain. It has the function of thinking creatively. This contains all the artistic functions, including art and music appreciation. When you want to draw a picture or compose a piece of music or write poetry, it is the right brain that is in operation. When you come across a new situation in your life, your right brain gives ideas on how to tackle it.To some people, the left brain is dominant and to others, the right brain is. Of people who are good in mathematics and language expression—that is, putting into practice what they have learnt, we say that they are more left-brained. They are not very sensitive and believe in doing everything only after reasoning. They are very sharp at arguments. They are the type who will not believe in anything until they see it. Right-brained people are more artistic and have a good sense of music appreciation. They are also more sensitive and tend to be emotional. They are more open to new ideas and are willing to accept radical positions.Is the left brain better or the right brain? Both sides of the brain are equally important. In an ideal situation, a person should be exactly equal in both sides of the brain. However, as inideal never happens. People are dominated by one or the other side of their brains. Inwe meet in the world, there will be requirements for both sides of the brain to work together as partners. For example, when you want to write a story, which brain do you use? The answer is both brains. You need the right brain to think of the ideas and you need the left side to arrange everything in a logical sequence. You cannot go through life with only one side functioning.It’s fundamentally important for people to know these interesting facts about the human brains. However, many aspects concerning our brains still remain unknown. With scientists’ persistent efforts, more secrets of the human brain will be revealed.Ⅲ. Compose an essay (60 points)Nowadays, some traditional beliefs and customs tend to be less valued. Choose one such belief or custom and explain why you think it should be continued or maintained. Write a 300-word argumentative essay defending your views.全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题解析答案（课程代码：0603）Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph【答案】The permissive parents are not only strict, but also absolutely dotes on his children, there are fewer rules even no rules for their ,usually they think children have no mistake when they came home late, they didn’t ask the child for reasons, In the daily life, they’ll do all they possibly can in order to meet their children’s demands, Day by day, their children have got some bad habits for example, tell lies, rebel leave home, they are not consciousness of their bad actions, This kind of parents are too democratic to indulge their children terribly.【解析】全文一共五段，所缺段落为第四段，这是一段议论文，围绕三种类型的家长展开议论的，文章结构为总分总，第一段说明存在三种类型的家长：独治、民主、放纵型，第二、三、四分别来说明这三个类型的家长，第五段总结这篇文章，作者提出了自己的观点，故第四段应为议论放纵型的家长，这道题主要考查对文章层次的把握和议论文的写作。