2017-2018届上海市十三校高三第二次(3月)联考英语试题及答案1

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Our modern working lives are ruled by the concept of competence(能力). The idea that lies behind competence is quite simple: that one can state what people should do in behavioral terms, and then 41 whether a person has succeeded in meeting that task or not. We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not. 42 , it is a debatable one.Humans do not learn or work in ways that can be measured by the 43 of competence. Take the example of a barista who is being trained to make coffee. The job title of ―barista‖ 44 a degree of skill in making coffee. However, baristas in large coffee chains are usually trained through 45 qualifications. One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup of coffee to meet a(n) 46 standard. It might have to achieve a certain taste and appearance. This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are two reasons why such an approach to training baristas does not 47 .First, the production of a cup of coffee to a certain standard is a binary (二次元的) 48 . The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot. If they happen to produce the best cup of coffee in the world, it does not matter, as competence-based training does not reward outstanding performance. 49 , producing the worst cup of coffee would be a fail in the same way as producing a cup just below the standard. In fact, competence is not interested in the process of producing a coffee at all—only the final binary outcome.Second, if the barista does produce a coffee to a certain 50 , competence is not interested in why the barista can do that. But humans are not machines that 51 produce binary outcomes. We have bodies and minds which 52 through learning.Yet we are increasingly forced to 53 competence in our schools and workplaces. We are not empty machines that simply produce binary outcomes. If we want to be true human in our learning and our workplaces, we need to be 54 and special. Learning and innovation involve failure in aiming for something that is unusually good. Such things simply cannot be 55 by the standard of competence where the mediocre(平凡的) is the gold standard.41. A.question B. predict C.measure D. confirm42. A. As a rule B. As a whole C. In other words D. In fact43. A. impression B. concept C. value D. development44. A. suggests B. assumes C. deserves D. inherits45. A. society-based B. self-based C. pleasure-basedD. competence-based46. A. minimum B. unique C. traditional D. international47. A. last B. work C. exist D. change48. A.challenge B. appearance C. outcome D. practice49. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Likewise50. A. agreement B. extent C. standard D. description51. A. typically B. simply C. cheaply D. occasionally52. A. alter B. expand C. create D. exhaust53. A. handle B. classify C. transfer D. achieve54. A. common B. sociable C. creative D. mature55. A. judged B. achieved C. restored D. presented Keys: 41-45 C D B A D 46-50 A B C D C 51-55 B A D C AIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Concerns about the harm caused by ―too much‖ screen time—particularly when it is spent on social media—are widespread. But working out what a ―healthy‖____41___might be is far from easy.Some negative experiences on social media—like___42____how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children. However, this does not mean that technology use in ___43___is harmful and it is difficult to make claims about how it will affect different people.Consider the picture painted by a UNICEF review of existing research into the effects of digital technology on children’s ___44___ comforts, including happiness, mental health and sociallife. Rather than stating that social media was harmful, it suggested a more ____45_____effect.The UNICEF report highlighted a 2017 study that examined 120,000 UK 15-year-olds. Among those teenagers who were the lightest users, it was found that increasing the time spent using technology was linked to___46____ comfort—possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships. ___47____, among the heaviest users of technology, any increase in time was linked to lower levels of comfort. Overall, the UNICEF study suggested that some screen time could be good for children’s mental health.A broader look at evidence provided by some other high quality studies again suggests the story is not ___48___. An early study in 2013 looked at how the television and video game habits of 11,000 UK five-year-olds affected them two years later. It is one of few studies actually ___49___ the effects of technology over time. It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day. Playing electronic games, however, was not seen as leading to a greater ____50____ of friendship or emotional problems.So how much time should our children spend looking at screens? It is difficult to be ___51___ as different people spend time online in such different ways. A useful comparison might be with sugar. Broadly speaking, people___52_____ that too much sugar can be bad for your health. But the effect it might have can depend on many factors, from the type of sugar to the person and the amount. We would not___53____trust anyone who claims to predict how someone is affected by consuming one gram of sugar. The same could be said for ___54___ usage: the outcomes depend on so many factors that only very____55____predictions are possible.41.A. amount B. comparison C. experience D. medium42.A. accounting for B. boasting of C. commenting on D. worrying about43.A. general B. particular C. private D. public44.A. domestic B. material C. physical D. psychological45.A. complex B. dramatic C. harmless D. predictable46.A. improved B. maximum C. relative D. small47.A. As a rule B. In contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still48.A. convincing B. definite C. probable D. true49.A. estimating B. experiencing C. reducing D. tracing50. A. connection B. power C. promotion D. risk51. A. balanced B. independent C. precise D. subjective52. A. agree B. forget C. object D. remember53. A. equally B. readily C. reluctantly D. weakly54. A. emotion therapy B. social media C. TV broadcasting D. video game55. A. confident B. optimistic C. rough D. wildKeys: 41—45 ADADA 46—50 ABBDD 51—55 CABBCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Hailing from Sweden, ―plogging‖ is a fitness craze that sees participants pick up plastic litter while jogging - adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport.Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and (41)_______ over plastic levels in the ocean.The appeal of plogging is its (42)_______-- all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying (43)_______ to jogging, we can assume the health benefits are increased.Running and good causes have always gone (44)_______ - just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn’t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.Anything that’s getting people out in nature and connecting (45)_______ with their environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to (46)_______ our inland waterways of plastic pollution. ―There’s been a real (47)_______ in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Planet highlighting ho w disastrous the crisis is,‖ she says.We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through (48)_______ like plogging and Plastic Patrol.The Plastic Patrol app allows users to (49)_______ plastic anywhere in the world by collecting discarded items, photographing them and (50)_______ to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. ―I’d urge all ploggers to get involved,‖ adds Carr.Plogging isn’t the first fitness tre nd to combine running with a good cause. Here are some of our favourites:Good GymIts idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back.(51)_______ among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far, (52)_______, Good Gym is finding a solution.Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get (53)_______. By linking themselves together, the (54)_______ - impaired individual can feel safe while both work up a sweat.(55) _______ for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者).41. A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D. control42. A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense43. A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight44. A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off45. A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly46. A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob47. A. shift B. interest C. aid D. delight48. A. motives B. performances C. exercises D. initiatives49. A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade50. A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading51. A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness52. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead53. A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart54. A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly55. A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D. Cycling Keys:41-45 CBDCA46-50 BADBD51-55 DCCADⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效) Quality teaching depends on teachers'knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent c m focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work41with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their42.If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the43of each aspect of their work-a practice reinforced by their accreditation( if i) requirements,---schools must have such regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness.As Richard Rothstein and his colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right,school-level accountability can be supported by school _ 44, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms,45 samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences,46looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make _47about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力)of principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the 48 and comparability of school-based assessments(as in Englandand Australia), as well as schools internal assessment and evaluation process(as in Hong Kong).I n most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’49and progress in a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social_ 50, the acquisition of workplace skills and the51to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a 52 lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedbackon what the inspections both saw and _53_. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert 54 and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be_ 55 if they are not improved.41. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully42. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices43. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements44. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration45. A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying46. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as47. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions48. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support49. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest50. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits51. A. frequency B. cons C. satisfaction D. extent52. A. comparable B. health C. different D. unique53. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded54. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations55. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled downKeys:41-45 BDACC 46-50 DABBA 50-55 DBCACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __(41)__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __(42)__.The greatest __(43)__ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __(44)__ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __(45)__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __(46)__, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __(47)__. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __(48)__ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __(49)__. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __(50)__, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __(51)__. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __(52)__ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for __(53)__ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __(54)__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __(55)__, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempt ing: to get the most out of what you’ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveKeys:41-45CBCAD 46-50 ADBCA 51-55 CBDABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social 41 of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will 42 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect theirterritory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 43 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly 44 to share food with their children. who are able from a young age to gather their own food?In the laboratory, chimps don't 45 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull 46 —he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, 47 , are extremely cooperative From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this48in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 49 in young children. One is that these 50 appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 51 Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence 52 in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the 53 world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can 54 what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that intends to work toward a(n) 55 goal.41. A structures B. policies C. behaviorsD. responsibilities42. A. conflict B cooperate C. offend D negotiate43. A. trust B. contact C. isolate D. help44. A. decline B. manage C. attempt D. oblige45. A. curiously B. reluctantly C. naturally D. carelessly46. A. in turn B. at random C. with care D in advance47. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D.ontheother hand48. A cooperativeness B. availability C. interrelationship D. attractiveness49. A. cultivated B. motivated C. possessed D. stimulated50. A. attitudes B. instincts C. experiences D. coincidences51. A. creatively B. formally C. socially D. competitively52. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears53. A. abstract B. invisible C. imaginary D. physical54. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance55. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitious Keys: 41-45 CBDAC 46-50 BDACB 51-55 CADABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing more 44 and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people, long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 , other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people whoare fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28, 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets, Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destin(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours,stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41. A. statements B. definitions C. applications D. explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C. rely on D. consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C. persuasive D. sensitive45. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeable D. formal46. A. resources B. associations C. procedures D. interactions47. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise48. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D. for instance49. A. resistant B. open C. blind D. alert50. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy51. A. reject B. strive C. claim D. oppose52. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine53. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate54. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainable D. enjoyable55. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objection KEYS: 41-45 DBCAB 46-50 ABDBC 51-55 BDABCEight【20182静安区】"Don't get sick in July."This is a common refrain in teaching hospitals. It's driven by the academic calendar: July is when the new interns —fresh out of medical school —start work.In other words, it's when everyone is most ____41_____. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.So is medical experience good or bad?Well, in most cases, your doctor's experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n) ____42_____ symptom early in a disease process, when machines still can’t take a hand. She can also determine the right treatment when your condition falls outside of what is in the ____43_____, where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical treatments, there's a direct connection between physician experience and your treatment outcome.In a variety of situations, though, experience can backfire, The reason is simple ____44_____. Doctors are human too, and they ____45____ tricks to the mind —like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields of research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They ____46____ from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ____47____practitioners into making the wrong decisions.Doctors are usually locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and ____48____ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quickly fatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ___49___ diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer.Also, some experienced doctors tend to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinionwhile subconsciously ignoring information that opposing it. Let's say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to ____50_____ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestion anyway because she was ____51____with the prior diagnosis by experience.In fact, there are clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technically proficiency. But there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less- experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same ____52___ for years.To safeguard yourself as a patient, one thing you should always do is ____53____.It may not always be possible to determine that your doctor has met with an unconscious thinking _____54____. But asking questions does force your doctor to think and ____55___her decisionabout your care.41. A. innocent B. productive C. inexperienced D. prohibited42. A. slight B. objective C. complex D. sustainable43. A. media B. tradition C. reality D. textbook44. A. psychology B. education C. procedure D. priority45. A.take advantage of B. make sense of C. fall victim to D. play fire with46. A. spring B. depart C. benefit D. distinguish47. A. highly-motivated B. well-seasoned C. deeply-offended D. wide-eyed48. A. moderate B. visible C. conflicting D. permanent49. A. initial B. tough C.multiple D. private50. A. evaluate B. operate C. confirm D. revise51. A. preoccupied B. labelled C. associated D. revise52. A. professional circle B. thinking patternC..academic backgroundD. operating order53. A. investigating B. questioning C. monitoring D. observing54. A. obstacle B. trap C. horizon D. struggle55. A. practice B. accommodate C. justify D. removeKeys: 41-45: CADAC 46-50 ABCAC 51-55 ABBBCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Companies Doing the Most to Make Their Employees HappierFat paychecks, light workloads, and endless vacation days don’t necessarily add to happy。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. In a bookstore. C. At a bus stop. D. In a library.2. A. Guest and receptionist. B. Passenger and air hostess.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Consumer and waitress.3. A. Writing his term paper. B. Having a coffee break.C. Playing computer games.D. Attending an online school.4. A. It’s quite dear. B. It’s not good.C. It’s very cheap.D. She doesn’t like it.5. A. Work in a restaurant. B. Look for a full-time job.C. Travel around Hainan Island.D. Make a plan for a trip.6. A. He’s too busy to serve her. B. He’s sorry for there being no enough cash.C. She should open a new savings account.D. She has to go to the manager’s desk.7. A. He works as a gardener. B. He is too busy at work to play.C. He prefers sports to gardening.D. He lives in the countryside.8. A. 60 MPH. B. 50MPH. C. 40MPH. D. 10MPH.9. A. The man could not wait to see Susan. B. Susan is eager to pass on information.C. Susan is waiting for the latest news.D. The man knows the latest news in town.10. A. Risks may exist when they chase high profits in a short time.B. It’s feasible for people to be after large short-term profits.C. No one can avoid being victims of financial tricks.D. Every one is likely to make large short-term profits.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays. B. On Tuesdays and Thursdays.C. On Wednesdays and Thursdays.D. On Tuesdays and Fridays.12. A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Once a month. D. Twice a month.13. A. Classroom tests. B. Attendance rate.C. Research papers.D. Final exam.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Parents. B. Teachers. C. Experts. D. Businessmen.15. A. Maintain a savings account. B. Visit the bank regularly.C. Hire a personal accountant.D. Manage his own money.16. A. The current economic situation has a negative influence on America.B. Parent-child communication on financial matters must be open.C. Teens should learn to handle money matters well on their own.D. Financial managers are most needed during the economic crisis.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. March. B. April. C. May. D. September.18. A. Inform the director of student housing in a letter.B. Deposit some money in the bank.C. Go to the housing office to make a dorm deposit.D. Maintain a high grade average.19. A. There are too many freshmen. B. It costs too much.C. The rooms are too small.D. It is too noisy.20. A. Where to live the following year. B. When to move.C. How much time to spend at home.D. Whose house to visit.Keys: 1-5 DBCAA 6-10 DCCBA 11-13 BDB 14-16 ADC 17-20 BCDA录音听力材料I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. M: How long can I keep the books?W: Three weeks. Then you’ll have to pay a fine for each day when they are overdue.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?2. M: Sorry to trouble you. May I have a blanket please? I feel cold.W: Yes, of course, but could you wait until after take-off please?Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?3. W: Have you been wasting your time on those online games again?M: Not really. I’ve worked on my term paper a lot this week and I need a break.Q: What is the man doing now?4. M: I often have some soup to start with. For my main course I prefer beef and chicken.W: That must be very expensive, but they are excellent.Q: What does the woman think of the man’s meal?5. W: We’re planning a trip to Hainan Island this winter vacation. Want to join us?M: I’d love to, but I’ll be working full-time in a restaurant.Q: What will the man do during the winter holidays?W: Could you help me withdraw 10,000 dollars from my saving account?M: I’m sorry, you will have to step over to the manager’s desk.Q: What does the man mean?7. M: Gardening is too much like hard work for me. If I have time, I like to play tennis or go for acountry walk.W: Well, I think of gardening as play, not as work. I’m never as happy as when I’m busy in the garden.Q: What can we learn about the man?8. M: Why are you giving me a ticket for speeding, officer? I was only on 50.W: Can’t you read? That was 10 MPH over the limit.Q: What’s the speed limit in this area?9. W: You were on the phone for a long time. Who were you talking to?M: Oh, to Susan. She always knows the latest news in town and she couldn’t wait to share it with me.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?10.W: Some people are always after large, short-term profits. And they become victims of financi al tricks.M: Well, they should know that if something seems too good to be true, it probably is.Q: What does the man think people should know?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Hello, everyone. My name is Karl Roberts, and I’ll be your teacher of this course, Language and Culture.To begin with, please take a look at the teaching program in front of you. As you should all know by now, this course is given on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 3:00 to 4:30 in the afternoon. We will be meeting in this room for the first half of the course, but we will be using the research lab every other week on Friday in Room 405 during the last two months of the course.This is the text for this lesson. Unfortunately, the books haven’t come in yet, but I was toldthat you should be able to buy them at the bookstore the day after tomorrow. Again as you see on your course outline, the grade is determined by your performance in the mid-term and final exams, classroom tests, and on your research work.My office hours are from 9:00 to 12:00 on Wednesdays, and you can set up a date with me on other times as well. (Now listen again, please.)Questions:11. When will the first half of the course be delivered?12. How often will the class meet in the research lab?13. What might NOT be closely related to one’s grades according to the passage?Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.Despite its widespread and negative impact, the current economic situation may perhaps help one particular group of people — the young generation.Teens should learn the basics of proper financial management: maintaining a savings/checking account, and having a clear understanding of interest rates. Parents are always important in teaching money management, as well as the values of hard work and perseverance.It is also suggested that teens should become their own financial managers. Learning how to maintain a budget, comparing prices before buying something, or even paying a bill quickly are things that allow teens to become financially independent. Parent-child communication on financial matters must always be open. After going away to college, the student must learn to take control of his/her monetary situation and become his own accountant.Perhaps American businessman Warren Buffett said it best when he stated that, “Risk comes from not knowing what you’re doing.” The nation’s economic crisis today is proof that we cannot afford to allow a generation to grow up without understanding how to look after their money. (Now listen again, please.)Questions:14. Who can help to teach children the basics of financial management according to the passage?15. What should a college student learn to do according to the passage?16. What is this passage mainly about?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.M: You should have seen the line at the housing office. It took me an hour to make my dormitory deposit for next year. Have you made yours yet?W: No, I am not sure I am going to.M: There is not much time left. The deadline is May 1st. That’s just two weeks from now. Are you short of cash?W: No, I am okay.M: You’d better hurry up if you want a dormitory next September. There aren’t enough rooms for everyone. And first-year students have priority.W: Well, I’ve been thinking of living off campus.M: Have you any idea how much that will cost? There’s the rent, public facilities, and you probably need a car to commute.W: I know it will be more expensive, but I think I can handle it, though. This dorm is just so noisy that I can’t get anything done. Maybe my grades would be better if I had some peace and quiet in a place of my own.M: You should study in the library the way I do. Think of the money you will save.W: I’ve got to think it over some more. There are still two weeks left in April.(Now listen again, please.)Questions:17. In what month is the conversation taking place?18. What must a person do in order to live in university housing?19. Why is the woman unwilling to live on campus?20. What are the two speakers mainly discussing?I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a fruit store B. In a gym C. At a restaurant D. At a watch shop2. A. 4:30 B. 5:00 C. 5:10 D. 5:153. A. Boss and secretary B. Nurse and patientC. Salesman and customerD. Teacher and student4. A. The tickets are more expensive B. The tickets told online are cheaperC. It is difficult to get tickets on the spotD. It’s better to buy tickets offline5. A. He wants to be a musician in the futureB. He shows more interest in English learningC. He displays great music talent in the exhibitionD. He doesn’t make enough efforts in English learning6. A. He wants to get some sleep B. He needs time to write a paperC. He has a literature class to attendD. He is troubled by his sleep problem7. A. It looks old B. It looks newC. It doesn’t need paintingD. It doesn’t run well8. A. Extremely dull B. Hard to understandC. Lacking a good storyD. Not worth seeing twice9. A. Plan his budget carefully B. Buy a gift for his motherC. Ask someone else for adviceD. Give her more information10. A. She didn’t like telling jokes B. She went to school after 9 a.m.C. She may not have gone to school todayD. She may have been late for schoolSection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue11. A. He found his TV was broken B. He missed a good TVC. He felt bored with the TV programD. He lost his meal tickets in the cafeteria12. A. He lost fifty dollars B. His time was wastedC. His brain wasn’t very activeD. He watched just one program13. A. Part of the brain is not in useB. Part of the brain becomes more passiveC. It takes longer to process visual informationD. It processes complex information less activelyQuestions 14 through 17 are based on the following dialogue14. A. From the newspaper B. From her classmateC. From her friendsD. From the man15. A. Plant more trees in the school yard B. Organize a picnic on ThursdayC. Build a parking lot for studentsD. Protect the natural beauty on campus16. A. Attend a meeting B. Attend a classC. Visit her friendsD. Go to the parking lot17. A. Lend her pen to the man B. Go to the administrationC. Support the students action unionD. Give out the handoutsQuestions 18 through 20 are based on the following dialogue18. A.There are numerous languages in the existenceB. Most public languages are essentially vagueC. People differ greatly in their ability to communicateD. Big gaps exist between private and public languages19. A. It is a sign of human intelligence B. It improves with constant practiceC. It is something we are born withD. It varies from person to person20. A. How various languages are related to each otherB. How children learn to use language in particular waysC. How private languages are developed from public onesD. How people of different ages create their own languagesKeys: 1-5 CABBD 6-10 AABDC 11-13 DBD 14-17 ADBC 18-20 ACBI. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Challenges. B. Hobbies. C. Jobs. D. Experiences.2. A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Difficult. D. Amazing.3. A. Watching TV and videos. B. Replacing videos with TV.C. Parents’ involvement.D. Having baby sitters.4. A. A policeman. B. An accountant. C. A salesman. D. A bank teller.5. A. 7:40. B. 7:15. C. 7:20. D. 7:45.6. A. He will get someone to do it. B. She should do it herself.C. They don’t have to do it.D. He will clean the desk right away.7. A. By bus. B. By subway. C. By taxi. D. By car.8. A. He is not a good mechanic. B. He doesn’t keep his word.C. He spends his spare time doing repairs.D. He is always ready to offer help to others.9. A. She has been having a sad day. B. She needs to take a day off.C. She wants to play basketball, too.D. She has been annoyed by the noise.10. A. The man is n’t sure about the rehearsal.B. It’s better for the woman to wear a costume.C. The woman would regret it if she wore a costume.D. It wouldn’t make any difference if the woman did it.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue11. A. He qualified as a teacher. B. He became a student.C. He became a government researcher.D. He conducted a research on Zimbabwe.12. A. Children’s minds are not used to the full.B. It is a great drain on children’s time and energy.C. It highlights the flexibility of children’s minds.D. It prevents children from seeking answers by themselves.13. A. To teach people to understand the worldB. To instruct people how to raise good questions.C. To encourage people to study as they get older.D. To inform people of problems in foreign countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To serve as a time killer.B. To cultivate people’s reading killsC. To promote the sales of some books.D. To encourage people to take public transportation15. A. The stories are the short edition of some website articles.B. Users can choose the length and type of the stories.C. The stories are obtained by simply pressing a button.D. Users don’t need to pay for the short stories.16. A. From the boring travel experience. B. From the love for short stories.C. From the positive feedbackD. From the snack vending machine.Qusions17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. 5. B. 7. C. 8. D. 10.18. A. Because his friends don’t get off work till 5 p.m.B. Because there will be more friends to go to the cinema on Friday.C. Because the film will be more popular than the Wednesday’s.D. Because there are not enough tickets left for the 9 p.m. showing.19. A. Paying a deposit. B. E-ordering in advance.C. Paying right away.D. Collecting tickets one day ahead.20. A. The film. B. The date C. The seating. D. The viewers. Keys: 1-5 BCCDA 6-10 CBBDB 11-13 BCB 14-16 ABD 17-20 ADCA听力录音材料Section AListening comprehensionDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. Man: The set of stamps are rare. It took me a long time to collect them. By the way, do you like collecting stamps?Woman: Yes, but I prefer something challenging.Question: What are the two speakers talking about?2. W: How do you find your Shanghai dialect learning, Mike?M: Oh, it’s quite beyond my capacity.Q: What does the man think of learning Shanghai dialect?3. W: Sometimes when I’m busy, I let my baby watch videos. Can this help hismental development?M:Passive activity probably won’t hurt, but TV and videos are poor substitutes for parents’involvement.Q: What is good for babies’ mental growth according to the man?4. M: I need your ID and ac count number before I can cash your check.W: Sure, here’s my passport and driving license a nd my account number is on this card.Q: What’s the man’s occupation?5. M: Take it easy. It’s only 7:30 now. There are still 15 minutes to go before the movie starts. W: Don’t you remember our clock is 10 minutes slow?Q: What’s the time now?6. W: Hey, honey, can you grab a duster and get this desk cleaned?M: Oh, don’t bother. We are leaving in a minute.Q: What does the man mean?7. W: An exhibition of Picasso’s paintings is being held. Do you want to go withme?M: How can I miss it! But with the bus drivers on strike and taxis so expensive, we have no choice but to take the subway. If only we had a car.Q: How will they go to the exhibition?8. W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he had time.M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time.Q: What does the man imply about Tom?9. M: Why haven’t you done your homework yet? It’s been a whole day.W: Oh, Daddy! How can I concentrate with that noise? The boys have been playing basketball all day long, just outside my window.Q: What does the girl mean?10. W: Would it be OK if I wore a costume for the rehearsal tomorrow?M: Oh you would regret it if you didn’t.Q: What can we learn from the dialogue?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through13 are based on the following passage.“You are never too old to learn.” is what my father always told me, and he proved it. At the age of 55, he quit working to become a full-time student at our local university, studying government and political science. I understand now why he did it. Education is kind of wasted on the young. Sure, we teach children because young minds are flexible and open, but making them memorize hundreds of facts is a poor substitution for learning. I think the greatest service we can do is to teach children to ask questions and guide them in seeking the answers for themselves. “What’s the capital of Zimbabwe?” is a much less important question than, “What problems do people have in Zimbabwe?” If people were taught to ask the right questions from a young age, the world wouldn’t be as hard to understand when they’re older. I think that’s the way my father saw it.( Now listen again )Questions11. What did his father do later in his life?12. Which of the following statement is wrong about memorizing facts?13. What’s his father’s opinion on the main purpose of education?Questions 14 through16 are based on the following passage.Readers in Grenoble, a French city, can now enjoy a small bite of fiction instead of the snacks from the vending machine after the introduction of eight short-story dispensers.The free stories are available at the touch of a button, printing out on rolls of paper like a receipt. Readers are able to choose one minute, three minutes or five minutes of fiction. Just two weeks since launch, more than 10,000 stories have already been printed.The feedback is overwhelmingly positive. There are only eight dispensers in the city of Grenoble for now, but more are planned to be introduced. Requests are from all over the world—Australia, the US, Canada, Russia, Greece, Italy and Chile.Pleplé, the French publish er, hopes the stories will be used to fill the “dead time” of a regular journey to and from the place of one’s work. In the bus or the metro, everyone can make the most of these moments to read short stories, poems or short comics.The stories are drawn from the more than 60,000 stories on Short édition’s community website. Users are not able to choose what type of story—romantic, fantastical or comic—they would like to read.Pleplé said he and his team initially came up with the idea when having a break at the snack vending machine. They thought it would be cool to have it for short stories. Then, a couple of days later, the short-story dispenser was born.( Now listen again )Questions:14. What is the purpose of the story dispenser?15. Which of the following is not true about the stories?16. Where does Pleplé’s inspiration come from?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: Welcome to Wanda International Cinema. Can I help you?M: Umm… I want to know when “Operation Red Sea” is showing today.W: There are 6 showings today, one in the morning, another at noon, and then 3 p.m., 6 p.m., 9 p. m., and a midnight showing.M: OK, I want 5 tickets for the 9 p.m. showing tonight. Are there still 5 tickets available that are seated together?W: I’m sorry, there are only 3 tickets left. How about the 6 p.m. showing? There are still 7 tickets left for that show.M: But we have a date for dinner at 5 p.m., so we won't make the beginning of the movie.W: So would you like to see an other movie? “Detective China Town 2” is very popular, too.M: No, we all want to see this one. Is there any way that we could buy tickets now for Friday’s screens?W: You can order tickets right now for the next three days. It’s Wednesday today. So, that’s OK. What time would you like?M: The 9 p.m. showing. I think there might be more people who want to see the movie on Friday. How many tickets can I buy at one time?W: The limit for advanced tickets is 10.M: OK, I'll have 8 tickets for the showing of “Operation Red Sea”. Are the tickets available?W: Yes, you’re lucky.M: By the way, when can I pick up the tickets?W: You can have them right now if you pay for them.M: Great! Thanks!( Now listen again )Questions:17. How many tickets does the man want to buy for the 9 p.m. showing on Wednesday?18. Why does the man decide to buy the Friday's tickets?19. What will the man probably do to ensure 8 tickets for Friday?20. What does the man insists on?Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He is angry. B. He is exhausted. C. He is hungry. D. He is disappointed.2. A. Go over his lessons B. Attend the partC. Eat out with friendsD. Take the final exam3. A. She is most likely to be arrested. B. She has forgotten to call the police.C. She may have lost her driving license.D. She is lying to the police officer.4. A. Bill broke his promise. B. Mum will probably reward Bill.C. Bill failed in the testD. Mum is worried about Bill’s work.5. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Go back to work.C. Drop out of school.D. Quit her present job.6. A. She gave him a lift home again. B. She offered him an extra room.C. She treated him well at her home.D. She spared much time for him.7. A. She doesn't have time to find a new flat.B. She has not paid enough rent in advance.C. She is unlikely to give up the nice flat.D. She wants to decorate the flat during the holiday.8. A. Extreme sports. B. Travel insurance. C. Bungee jumping. D. Diving safety.9. A. She likes Phillips singing very much.B. She appreciates other kinds of musicals.C. She enjoys the changes of his musicalsD. She admires other singers more than Phillips.10. A. American students are too talkative in class.B. It is hard to learn a lot in an American school.C. One can join in schooling in different ways.D. Active participation is greatly encouraged.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. One should wait for things to happen before leaving.B. One should remain silent when things are getting hard.C. One should try to take control of the difficult situation。

上海中学东校高三英语阶段测试卷（满分：140分时间：120分钟）2017.10.31 Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections：Read the following passage.Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given words.For the other blanks.For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.It’s rare that the protagonist（主人公）in a Chinese movie wins the audience’s hearts with an emotionally uplifting message, rather than by showing off his or her good looks. But Wolf Warrior II is putting China in the global spotlight. It’s also the first film (21)______(taste) success both in terms of box office earnings and promoting Chinese values.Kung fu artist Wu Jing both starred in and directed the action movie. Since its release on July 27, it (22)_____(earn) an unimaginable 4.5 billion yuan, setting a record for domestic movies at the box office.The film focuses on a rescue operation in Africa, (23)_____(lead)by former special forces soldier Leng Feng – played by Wu. Leng helps Chinese workers and local Africans flee a war-torn and plague-ravaged country.Wolf Warrior II links art to reality, and reminds people (24)______the massive evacuation of Chinese people from Libya when civil war (25)_______(break)out there in 2011, and from Yemen in 2015, as well as the challenges the Ebola virus created in West Africa from 2013 to 2016.The film describes (26)________ the Chinese government aims to protect overseas Chinese citizens. Just (27)_________ the message at the end of the film reads, “Citizens of the People’s Republic of China, when you encounter danger in a foreign land, do not give up! Please remember, at your back (28)________(stand) a strong motherland.”Thanks to China’s increasing participation in global affairs, the president coul d be (29)_________(describe)the right moment to introduce a modern Chinese hero.“(30)__________ up a banner of peace, friendship and responsibility, Wolf Warrior II should be seen as a brave effort to promote Chinese values around the world,” columnist Zh u Ping wrote inChina Daily. “It’s time Chinese filmmakers produced films that tell good stories and carry the right spirit. Let us assume Wolf Warrior II has started that trend.”【题型】语法填空【年份】2017年21世纪学生英文报高中版——战狼2英文影评【难度】适中21.【答案】to taste【解析】考查的是非谓语的不定式，根据句子句式：It's the first time to do sth.可以得出此处动词taste应为不定式形式to taste22.【答案】has earned【解析】考查的是动词时态，根据关键词since，表示自从这部影片（指战狼2）在7月27日发行上映，它已经挣得了难以想象的45亿票房，可知主句部分应为现在完成时23.【答案】led【解析】考查的是非谓语的过去分词，此处谓语动词从，故lead为非谓语形式，其逻辑主语为operation，与lead的关系为被动关系，故用非谓语的过去分词表被动24.【答案】of【解析】考查的是介词，此处空格前有谓语动词remind，表示战狼2提醒了人们2011年国内战争从利比亚大规模的撤离，故为固定搭配remind sb. of sth.25.【答案】broke【解析】考查的是谓语动词的时态，when引导的时间状语从句缺少谓语，根据时间标志in 2011故为一般过去时，break的过去式为broke26.【答案】how【解析】考查的是连词，describe动词后面是一句完整的句子，故缺少连接宾语从句的连词，且表示的是如何做27.【答案】as【解析】考查的是连词，此处空格后面为一句完整的句子，因此两句完整的句子间缺少连词，而句首有just这个单词，故应为as 和just构成just as表示”正如......”28.【答案】stands【解析】考查的是谓语动词的时态，此处将at your back置于句首引起句子的完全倒装，故句子主语为a strong mother-land为单数，根据句意用一般现在时即可29.【答案】be considered【解析】考查的是谓语动词的语态，此处空格位于情态动词could后面故为动词原形，而consider与主语的关系为被动关系，故为be considered30.【答案】Holding【解析】考查的是非谓语动词的现在分词，此处已有谓语动词，且该动词与主语之间的关系为主动，故用现在分词表示主动Section B(10%)Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.presentedB.addressC.startingD.practiceE.mannerF.professionalsG.approvesH.concernedI.effortsJ.proposesK.illustratesSince the end of 20th century, domestic advising of consumer products and services has appeared as a new text type. And along with the develpoment of advisting business, advisting translation has become a common___31___ in China.Though Chinese translators and advertising____32____never debate whether translation should be called translation or adaptation, there have been new studies of advertising translation. Most articles or papers about advertising translation are___33_____with application of translation strategies. Quite a number of scholars advocate two or three translation strategies to the audience and___34____them with many examples. Zhong advocates literal translation; Wang___35____domestication and foreignization strategies; Liu supports the domestication strategies and Chen___36__of the communicative and semantic translation strategies. Some of them attempt to____37____how to translate advertisements, namely means for advertising translation, while very few of them make___38___to answer why they should selecte these strategies instead of others. So far, few scholars have found a theory guiding advertising translation.In general, domestic studies of advertising translation still linger at the____39____point. Few articles treat translation of advertising texts as a whole in a systematic and scientific___40_____. And even fewer articles provide a guiding theory concerning advertising translation.【答案】DFHKJGBICE31.根据文章，结合词性，为名词单数，故选D32.根据句意，为名词复数，故选F33.为固定搭配，be concerned with,与.........有关,故选H34.根据句意，谓语动词复数，故选K35.根据句意，谓语动词复数，表示建议，故选J36.根据句意，谓语动词单数，且为固定搭配，approve of表示支持37.根据句意，谓语动词原形，B为解决，符合38.固定搭配，make efforts to do不遗余力做某事39.固定搭配，at the pointing40.根据句意，填名词，E合适Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How to help your kids find a purpose? You don’t have to start with the really big questions. Quick, what’s the meaning of life?” Many of us may not be able to answer that, but that doesn’t __41__ our kids don’t have questions or need answers.“The sense that your personal life is __42__ to you is a basis of psychological well-being,” says Michael F. Steger，director of the laboratory for Meaning and Quality of Life at Colorado State University. Not only that，it is tightly tied to being happier, more positive, more __43__, more caring, more helpful, more resilient (坚初), and more satisfied in your life, relationships, and work.But helping your kids find meaning doesn’t mean parents have to __44__ all life’s ancient mysteries, Steger says. The __45__ is to understand the difference between the meaning of life and the meaning in life.“We do not have to start with the biggest and most troubling questions about our lives,” Steger says. “We c an start with trying to __46__ how, today, right now, we are going to do one thing that makes the story of our lives more positive, or makes a positive difference to someone else.”With kids in __47__ school, Steger says, “At the most basic level, our best hopes for our children are that they feel their lives matter and that they __48__.” To start conversations along those lines, says Steger, “You can ask questions about what they think their best __49__ or strengths are, whether they have good relationships with other people, whether they care about others. You can ask them about times when they have made a difference, made someone feel better, felt __50__ for doing something, or helped someone out. All of these kinds of questions can start a conversation a bout your kid’s __51__ way of being in and contributing to the world.”In middle school, says Steger, “Kids are being exposed to ideas, behaviors, assumptions, and priorities that might be __52__ different from the ones they have always assumed were true.” So for kids this age, parents can start conversations focusing on how your children’s sense of who they are,how they related to others and what life is has been __53__.By high school, according to Steger, “We hope our children see how much their lives matter, see that they are at the beginning of an exciting and strengthening life story, and have some slight ideas about __54__.” But the question of what you want to do with your life is too big for a single conversation, says Steger. Instead, he encourages parents to have __55__, smaller conversations with their kids about how they view themselves and their lives, and what kind of impact they would like to make.【答案】41-45：BCADA 46-50：DCABA 51-55：CDDBC【解析】41.A. intend B. mean C. remain D. hope分析：结合文章可知，大人可能不会回答，并不意味孩子没有问题，故选B42.A. significant B. decisive C. meaningful D. useful分析：be meaningful to sb.对某人是有意义的，故选C43.A. confident B. cautious C. intelligent D. special分析：结合前文更健康，更积极，更自信，故选A44.A. discover B. present C. memorize D. solve分析：帮助孩子并不意味着解决神秘45.A. trick B. occupation C. address D. promise分析：trick更符合文意46.A. look for B. pick up C. deal with D. figure out分析：结合句意理解我们今天，现在，以后将要做的，故选D47.A. junior B. advanced C. elementary D. senior分析：随着孩子们在小学，故选C48.A. make a differenceB. spare no effort C. take the initiative D. make a living分析：结合前文生活很重要，他们也会产生影响，故选A49.A. specialties B. qualities C. features D. performances分析：结合句意可知是最好的品质和长处是什么50.A. appreciated B. prepared C. understood D. well-known分析：与better相对应的，A答案最为合适51.A. apparent B. smart C. unique D. appropriate分析：结合句意，开始一个对话，关于孩子的一个独特看法52.A. generally B. eventually C. impossibly D. completely分析：结合句意可知是完全不同的53.A. improving B. strengthening C. appearing D. changing分析：结合文章生活是不断变化的54.A. truth B. purpose C. positivity D. contribution分析：关于目的的想法55. A. permanent B. long-lasting C. frequent D. occasional分析：鼓励父母有一个频繁的小对话Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For the firs t time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Sc ientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2℃is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningfulmobilisation of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.56. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because__________.A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility.57.Why do es the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.58.What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.59. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.【题型】阅读理解【年份】2016年12月六级考试仔细阅读（巴黎气候协定）【难度】适中【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D【分析】试题分析56. A it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations细节题。

2017学年第二学期上大附中诊断测试高三年级英语试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.October 9 is the World Post Day. Once upon a time, if a friend or family member had to move away, you might not 1________(see) that person for years, or maybe ever again. That was before email, and before the smart phone. The only way to stay in touch was to do 2_________that now seems rather quaint(少见的): you had to write a letter.You might say, “But we have email. How different can an email be from a letter?” Yet email and letter-writing are very different. Writing an email is 3________(easy) thing in the world. You type a few sentences, press “send” and that’s it. Maybe a couple of minutes later you get a reply. To write a letter, on the other hand, takes more effort. 4________the letter is going to place a thousand kilometers away, possibly across the ocean, it might take weeks to reach the other person.Making an effort is therefore part of meaning of the letter. The care that you take shows your respect or love for your correspondent. That means you shouldn’t write on old paper. A page5________(tear) out for a notebook won’t do, nor should you scrawl(潦草地写) your letter with a pencil.Always the better letter6 _________(write) with a good pen in order to produce a physical object that says to the recipient, “I am glad to speak to you again.”And this carries over to the writing itself. There’s an old saying,” Words are cheap.” But this phrase shouldn’t apply7 ________the letter-writer. Each word is weighted; each ph rase, worried over. It’s important to write as well as possible, 8____________the letter you exchange with the other person are entirely of the relationship you have with them.On World Post Day, people are encouraged 9___________(continue) to send letters in this good old-fashioned way. Why not 10___________(give) it a try if you haven’t send a letter recently, or ever?keys:1.have seen 后面有for years 可知用现完时态合适2.something do 后面缺宾语且后面定语从句连接词用that，可知是不定代词3.the easiest 没有前后比较所以是最高级4.If 结合句子意思，后面主句的动作将来发生，联想到主将从现5.torn 非谓语，跟前面逻辑主语page是被动完成关系6.are written 谓语动词，判断时态语态即可7.to apply to固定用法8.as 原因状语从句9. to continue sb be encouraged to do sth 固定用法10.give why not do sth 固定巨型Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A．complement B. concluded C. precise D. initially E. conducting F. capturesG. unfamiliar H. effectively I. validate J. applications K. determinedThe nursing assistant for your next trip to the hospital might be a robot. This is the implication of research recently published by Dr. Elena De Momi and colleagues in the open access journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI (Artificial Intelligence).Dr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions. De Momi's work indicates that humans and robots can 1. ______ coordinate their actions during high-stakes events such as surgeries.Over time this should lead to improvements in safety during surgeries because unlike their human counterparts robots do not tire and can complete an endless series of 2._____ movements. The goal is not to remove human expertise from the operating room, but to 3.______ it with a robot's particular skills and benefits."As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely change the work market, but they won't steal job opportunities. They will just allow us to decrease workload and achieve better performances in several tasks, from medicine to industrial 4.________," De Momi explains.To conduct their experiment De Momi's team photographed a human being 5.______ numerous reaching motions, in a way similar to handing instruments to a surgeon. These camera 6._________ were input into the neural network of the robotic arm, which is crucial to controlling movements. Next a human operator guided the robotic arm in imitating the reaching motions that the human subject had 7.__________ performed. Although there was not a perfect overlap between the robotic and human actions, they were broadly similar.Finally, several humans observed as the robotic arm made numerous motions. These observers 8.__________ whether the actions of the robotic arms were "biologically inspired," which would indicate that their neural networks had effectively learned to imitate human behavior. About 70% of the time this is exactly what the human observers 9.___________.These results are promising, although further research is necessary to 10.__________ or refine De Momi's conclusions. If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior, it would be necessary to build conditions in which humans and robots can cooperate effectively in high stress environments like operating rooms.Keys: HCAJE FDKBIIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Radio began as a point-to-point communication device. In 1919, Radio Corporation of American would charge a fee if you sent a message from one radio to another. Either the senders or the recipients pay the fee. The purpose was basically to undercut the telegraph, and they made their money ____1_____, not by providing radio as a ____2____ but by selling hardware.In about 1922, radio _____3_____ into a broadcast mechanism. For broadcasting, in the simple sense, there was a ____4____ and it broadcast, and lots of people could hear it. But broadcasting was seen as a way to drive business to the radio hardware makers. The station s were ___5_____ by people who made radios or ___6_____, by churches and universities that wanted to get their ___7____ out but weren’t going to make money.And there was a lot of stuff which sounds very ___8___ today about how this medium was going to ____9____. And in the 20s, Radio Broadcast Magazine _____10____ a $500 prize for the best essay that answered the question: “ Who is going to pay for broadcasting, and how?” The winner suggested a ____11____ on radio listeners. Now, it sounds a little strange to us, but that’s actually the British model. The BBC supports itself by a tax on TV and radio sets.There was some discussion about ____12____, and Herbert Hoover, the Secretary of Commerce then, was strongly against this idea. He said it was ___13_____ that we should allow so great a possibility for service ___14____ by advertising chatter. The Commerce Department was __15____ radio at the time. After the creation of national radio networks then the pressure – advertisers wanted to go on with it, people who owned the radio network wanted to sell ads, and that’s how radio developed as an advertising medium.1. A. briefly B. naturally C. basically D. eventually2. A. listener B. service C. broadcaster D. applicant3. A. developed B. extended C. made D. drove4. A. magazine B. platform C. stop D. station5. A. wanted B. made C. sponsored D. sold6. A. in some cases B. in return C. on the contrary D. on the whole7. A. way B. message C. profit D. opinion8. A. critical B. persuasive C. familiar D. great9. A. communicate B. broadcast C. emerge D. survive10. A. offered B. won C. missed D. abandoned11. A. reward B. tax C. fine D. rent12. A. broadcasting B. advertising C. chattering D. modelling13. A. essential B. inconvenient C. difficult D. unbelievable14. A. sent B. created C. drowned D. suggested15. A. regulating B. producing C. providing D. developing1.【参考答案】C 【考查内容】副词【试题解析】注意这句话有个并列连词and,所以对应前半句中的basically，这里也一样2.【参考答案】B 【考查内容】上下文理解【试题解析】通过上下文可知，这里的收音机不是作为一种设备或者服务。

2017年3月2017届高三第二次全国大联考（新课标Ⅲ卷）英语卷（解析版）第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。

1.What does the woman want to do?A.Have her car repaired.B.Get a lift.C.Borrow a car.2.How much extra money does the man need to pay?A.$7.50.B.$1.50.C.$0.50.3.At what time will the woman arrive at the office tomorrow?A.8:00.B.8:30.C.9:00.4.How does the man feel about his test?A.Worried.B.Surprised.C.Satisfied.5.How did the boy get home from school yesterday?A.By car.B.By bus.C.By bike.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18C.£9.15答案是C。

1.What does the woman hate?A.Snakes.B.Camping.C.Adventures.2.Who was at the door?A.Mr.Brown.B.The postman.C.Mr.Brown’s son.3.How much does the man need to pay for the room?A.$340.B.$300.C.$260.4.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.A book.B.A writer.C.A bookstore.5.Where arc the speakers?A.At home.B.In a stadium.C.In a video game hall.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话或独白后，各小题将给出5秒钟的答题时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。

6.What does the girl want to throw away?A.Some toys.B.Some clothes.C.Some newspapers.7.What’s the man doin g?A.Watching TV.B.Reading a book.C.Cleaning a room.听下面一段对话，回答8至10题。

上海市部分重点中学2018届高三第二次联考英语试卷上海市部分重点中学metreC six-metres D six metres’38 John is the only one of the students in the class that never______ a mistake even when it is pointed to himA admit makingB admits makingC admit to makeD admits make39 His appearance has changed so much that you _____ not recognize himA mustB needC mayD ought40 At first I thought I understood what my teacher said , but the more he explained, ____A the more I became confusedB I became confused moreC the more confused I becameD the more confused did I beeSection B （9 分）Directions plete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once Note that there is one word more than you need BEIJING - The general office of the State Council 41 a plan on Monday to improve national food safety, setting the tone for this year’s program, which includes emphasizing the accountability（问责制） of the system As part of a two-year 42 that began last month, the plan details 11 points for reforming food safety in China, aiming to solve problems and 43 public confidence in the products that are available on the marketOne of the points concerned the quality of farm products “Tests on pesticide residues in vegetables, fruits, teas, domestic fungus, animal products and sea food should be enforced Regulations on pesticide production and sales, 44 random checks on pesticide quality, should be 45 ,” according to the plan。

Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Foreign Giants Target Chinese Milk MarketEuropean dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Chinese milk manufacturers as a business partner for its 31 in China—a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge China’s dairy market by tying up with local players.Arla signed the cooperation 32 , which comes into effect this month, with Mengniu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-powder joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The deal between Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new 33 for Mult inational’s re-entry into the sector.Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create 34 profits in domestic milk market, especially the liquid-milk sector, which is followed closely by price wars and dominated by local 35 —companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.A few have been successful—Nestle, Intel, Bristo-Myers Squibb and Wyeth have 36 the high-end milk-formula market in China.“We will watch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n) 37 time,” an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said when it 38 its investment in its Tianjin joint venture last year after eight years.The company has 39 its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch Lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk powder and Dutch Lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its 40 company in Hong Kong.KEYS: 31-35 D H K I J 36-40 F C E G ASection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why India's Pink City' is a Photographer's HeavenThe city of Jaipur is one of India's wonders. It ___31_____ some of the country's most decorative royal palaces-elegant structures designed hundreds of years ago that still attract visitors today. Largely built in the 1700s, Jaipur is surrounded by a city wall and several ____32___ castles. Considered as a commercial center, it was ahead of its time due to the use of grid iron (网格状) city planning.A romantic dusty pink type-which has _____33____ the city since 1876, after it was painted pink towel come Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert-gives Jaipur its ___34_______ as the "Pink City". This ___35_____beauty is what first brought Hong Kong-based photographers Victor Cheng and Samantha Wong to Jaipur.Walking in glass skyscrapers for century-old royal palaces and historic castles, the pair-who have 130,000 Instagram followers between them-said that the images they ____36_____in Jaipur received a lot of response online. "A lot of our followers hadn't seen this side of India, so we're happy we were able to show this side of the country." Cheng said.For the photographers, one of the city's most fascinating features is the light pink coloring of its building s. “The first gate you see when you enter are pink,” said Wong. “Once you’re through, everything around you varies in different ______37____ of the color-from bright pinks to reddish browns."The building is a(n) _____38_____ of the City Palace, and its windows allowed royal womento observe street life without appearing in public. One of Cheng's most striking photos shows a straight front of the building and its hundreds of windows. The building's lively coloring also pushed Cheng to take a different ______39____ to editing than with images of other cities. "I toned down my usual editing process because the pink was so bright in reality," he said, "I wanted the photos to _____40__the actual color I was seeing myself and to maintain its tone."Keys: 31-35 H E F K B 36-40 C J G A ISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) (31)________ difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively (32)_______ any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) (33)_______ that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the (34)_______?For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us tofind the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to (35)_______ the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the (36)_______ requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic(语言的) abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to (37)_______ candidates’ multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills --- but it’s also a far more important (38)_______ to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City --- the most (39)_______ diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was (40)_______ about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him --- just as Mex ican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.KEYS: 31-35 K H J A B 36-40 F I D G ESection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He Is KindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed not to have changed from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to _ 31 himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife 32 far betterthan This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists, he finds it 33 to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still 34 light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. No one else can touch his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and 35 of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will 36 .Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he 37 great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it, he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist's book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful_ 38 .Just what he will write in the future remains_ 39 . With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be 40 the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.KEYS: 31-35 I C F K E 36-40 J D A G HSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.KEYS: 31-35: J G B A K 36-40: D H F C ISection BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Whether you're trying to be good at Photoshop, or step up your tennis game, or master a banjo (班卓琴) song, you' re probably 31 following the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doing the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, we're taught using the "blocking" strategy. This instructs us to go over a single idea again and again until we've mastered it, before 32 to the next concept. But several new neurological(神经学的) 33 show that an up and coming learning method called "interleaving" improves our ability to keep and perform new skills over any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space out learning over a longer period of time, and it 34 the information we encounter when learning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you 35 it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to train your brain to pick up new skills quickly and effectively is to practice multiple 36 skills at once.Whether you’re trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive(认知的) learning abilities, the key to 37 how your brain processes new your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesn't get comfortable or store information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to 38 focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memory instead.Interleaving doesn't cut any comers, so your brain is always on 39 . Think of thedifference between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one 40 over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It makes you faster and sharper.KEYS: 31-35 C F G K H 36-40: A E I D JSection BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturallycautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines to master."Keys: 31-35 E G A J F 36-40 K C D I HSection BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfall events linked t o global warming continue to upset our daily weather,we often forget they also ____31____ the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. Many foods have already ____32_____ top spots on the world's "endangered foods" list. Indicating their possibility to become scarce within the next 30 years.To start with what is ____33____ in many people’s lives, we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic(不稳定的) rainfall patterns, which invite disease and invasive species to _____34____ the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee output.And Coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate), is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and _____35____ rain . However, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producing countries are not expected to be ____36____ by an increase in rainfall. Therefore as higher temperatures sap more moisture from from soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for loss.A notably nutritious plant, the peanut plants grow best when it gets five months of continuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything less and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree the climate of the future will be the ____37____, including droughts and heatwaves.The world has already caught a glimpse of the peanut's future fate when last year a serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S. led many plants to die. According to a financial report, the dry ____38____caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the _____39_____ in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans.And that satisfying "crack" you get when eating crab(蟹) be ____40____ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate(硫酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.KEYS: 31-35 FKABH 36-40 GCEIJSection BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bob Dylan Wins a Nobel Prize in LiteratureBob Dylan has won the 2016 Nobel Prize in literature. The productive musician is the first Nobel winner to have followed a career primarily as a singer-songwriter. What’s more, he’s also the first American to have won the prize in more than two decades. Not since novelist Toni Morrison won in 1993 has an American 31 the prize.Dylan earned the prize “for having 32 new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition,” according to the statement by the Swedish Academy, the committee that annually decides the winter of the Nobel Prize. The academy’s permanent secretary, Sara Danius, announced the news Thursday.The win comes as something of a(n) 33 . As usual, the Swedish Academy did not announce a shortlist of nominees(被提名者), leaving the betting markets to their best 34 . And while Dylan has enjoyed favor as an outside shot for the award, the 35 that the musician would be the one to break the American s’ long dry period was regarded as unlikely---especially because he made his career mainly on the stage, not the 36 page.Yet few would argue Dylan has been anything but 37 , both in the U. S. and beyond its borders. The productive singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist has produced dozens of albums. Dylan, who was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941, “has the status of an idol(偶像),”the Swedish Academy wrote. “His influence on contemporary music is significant, and he is the object of a steady stream of 38 literature.”In an interview following the announcement, Danius 39 the Swedish Academy’s decision:“He is a great poet in the English-speaking tradition, and he is a wonderful sampler—a very original sampler,” Danius explained. “For 54 years now he has been at it and reinventing himself, constantly creating a new identity.”And for his work, he has been 40 by critical community. Dylan has won Grammys, an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the U. S. Now, to the honors Dylan has added a Nobel.Keys: 31-35. A D D A D 46-50: C B B C ASection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditionalfocus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, to Nigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.Keys: 31-40: E J K B A 36-40: D I G H CSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He is kindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__.Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__.Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Keys: 31-35 I C F K E 36-40 J D A G HSection BDirections: Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used only once. There is an extra one that you will find no use for.Can Indoor Plants Really Purify the Air?Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作用), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They are said to ___31___ toxins from the air we breathe — but is this true?One famous NASA experiment, published in 1989, found that indoor plants can clean the air by removing cancer-causing pollutants like formaldehyde and benzene. Later research has found that soil micro-organisms in potted plants also play a part in cleaning indoor air.Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are ___32___ air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. “The amount of leaf surface area can ___33___ the rate of air purification,” says Bill Wolverton, a former NASA research scientist who conducted that 1989 plant study.Other experts, however, say the ___34___ that plants can effectively accomplish this feat is far from conclusive.“There are no definitive studies to show that having indoor plants can ___35___ increase the air quality in your home,” says Luz Claudio, a p rofessor of environmental medicine and public health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air “under laboratory conditions,” according to Claudio. But in the real world — in your home or in your office space — the notion that putting a few plants together can ___36___ your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up.Most research efforts to date, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments in order to ___37___ how much air-purifying power they have. But those studies aren’t really ___38___ to what happens in a house, says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture at the University of Georgia.In many cases, the air in your home ___39___ turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air —once every hour. “In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a far greater effect on indoor air quality than plants,” Kays says.。

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Here‘s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly (据说）stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans hav e their credit hijacked every year. It‘s one of crime‘s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus（伪造的）line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue（收入）to fraud, so there‘s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it‘s up to you to protect your identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of ―pre-approved‖ credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion‘s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices,rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you‘re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entit led to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it‘s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that‘s $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you‘re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocki ng. Just don‘t expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.63. The expression ―inside job‖(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ___________.A. a crime committed by a person working for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64. You can protect your identity in the following way except ___________.A. destroying your junk mailB. leaving your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report website regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65. It is easy to have credit-theft because ____________.A. More people are using credit serviceB. The application program is not safe enoughC. Creditors usually disclose their identityD. Creditors are not careful about their identity66. The best title of the text is ____________.A. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsC. How to protect your good nameD. Why the creditors lose their identity Keys: 63-66: A D B CSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)All across America, students are anxiously finishing their "What I Want To Be .." college applicationessays, advised to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that's the only way to become workforce ready. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the traditional wisdom about "hard skills".Google originally set its hiring systems to sort for computer science students with top grades from top science universities. In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large amounts hiring, firing, and promotion data collected since the company's establishment.Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that, among the eight most important qualities ofGoogle's top employees, STEM capability comes in dead last. The seven top characteristics of success atGoogle are all soft skills: being a good coach; communicating and listening well; possessing comprehensioninto others, being supportive of one's colleagues; being a good critical thinker and problem solver, and beingable to make connections across complex ideas.Those characteristics sound more like what one gains as an English or theater major than as a programmer.Could it be that top Google employees were succeeding despite their technical training, not because ofit? After bringing in more experts to dive even deeper into the data, the company enlarged its previous hiringpractices to include humanities majors, artists, and even the MBAs (Master of Business Administration).Project Aristotle, a study released by Google this past spring, further supports the importance of soft skillseven in high-tech environments. Project Aristotle analyzes data on inventive and productive teams. Googletakes pride in its A-teams, assembled with top scientists, each with the most specialized knowledge and able tothrow down one creative idea after another. Its data analysis revealed, however, that the company's mostimportant and productive new ideas come from B-teams comprised of employees who don't always have to bethe smartest people in the room.Project Aristotle shows that the best teams at Google exhibit a range of soft skills: equality, generosity,curiosity toward the ideas of your teammates, understanding, and emotional intelligence. And topping the list:emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team member mustfeel confident speaking up and makingmistakes. They must know they are being heard.STEM skills are vital to the world we live in today, but technology alone, as Steve Jobs famously insisted,is not enough. We desperately need those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as thecomputational.63. The underlined word:―contradict‖most probably means ―____________‖.A. add toB. back upC. bring aboutD. conflict with64. Google conducted the studies of workplace success in order to ____________.A. determine what makes a workplace-ready studentB. check whether its hiring system serves the purposeC. prove soft skills are more important than hard onesD.impress its competitors with the employees‘ excellence65. What can be inferred from Project Aristotle?A. Emotional safety enables people to express themselves freely.B. Listening and hearing helps develop problem-solving abilities.C. L earning from mistakes doesn‘t necessarily mean improvement.D. Those without specialized knowledge can also make inventions.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. STEM skills our society needs for better educationB. The principal focus students have on application essaysC. The surprising thing Google learned about its employeesD. The soft skills Google programmers lack for career growthKeys:63-66: DAADSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(C)―Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men andwomen to Mars. ―They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.‖Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark‘s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today‘s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present system for getting from Earth‘s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck （敬畏的）staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush‘s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA‘s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science --- the one aspect of space exploration that‘s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion（推进力）? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark‘s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush‘s proposal is challenged for the following reas ons except that __________.A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people‘s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush‘s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration.D. The achievements in place exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to re tain America‘s position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the s cientists once there won‘t make great discoveries. Keys:63-66 DCBCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excitedchild pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board con-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. ―I did very poorly in school,‖ she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. ―They just felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.‖ A naughty tomboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. ―but nobody came up with a diagnosis‖. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. ―I would study and study, and I wouldn‘t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.‖ After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. ―It's been such a weigh off my shoulders‖ says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. ―I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I‘m rewriting the ta pes of who I thought I was to who I really am.‖63. What does the phrase―throw a fit‖in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with .A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. D usty‘s experiences in his childhood and collegeD. K arenne‘s confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past yearsB. D usty‘s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.Keys: 63-66 CBADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication —scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds oftreatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists‘ analyses or replicating their resul ts has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of ―me-too‖ derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they c an receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (―positive‖) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. Whatis the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor‘s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66. Thepurposeof this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introducesome recent progress in medicalresearchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesKeys: 63-66 CCBDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.COf all the components of a good night‘s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised (伪装的)shadows of our unconscious desires and fears: by the late 1970se neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulatingmoods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it change it."The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated(产生)during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life. we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day' s events—until, it appears, we begin to dreams.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or"we wake up in a panic,"Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.63. By saying that "dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat" in paragraph 1, theresearchers mean that__________.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD show up in dreams early at night65. Cartwright believed with much practice, we can lean to__________.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD identify what is upsetting about the dreams66. Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to_________.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeKeys: 63-66 ADCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.C"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time forthe heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.‖ Willich explained. ―All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northernGermany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common in Germanythan in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any other day ofthe week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly。

2018届高三3月联考英语参考答案第一部分：听力技能（共两节，满分30分）1—20 ACBAA ABAAB CCBAB ACCBB第二部分阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)21-23. ACD 24-27. CDAD 28-31. BCAB32-35. ADCB 36—40 CEFGD第三部分：英语知识运用（共二节；满分45分）41—60 BADBB DACAD BDCAC CBCDA61. that 62. writing 63. but 64. length 65. be corrected66. them 67. is 68. slightly 69. the 70. between第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)Dear Sir,I read your advertisement in the Local Daily for a economist. I believe I had the necessaryan havequalities for the job.Two years ago, I graduated away from Fudan University with a degree in Economics. Since graduation, I have been worked for a big bank. Now to challenge me I want to work for a companyworking myselfwhere has your excellent reputation.which/thatApart from my knowledges of accounting and my ability in maths, I am a team player. I will be knowledgewilling /\ shoulder more responsibilities if needing.to neededThank you for taking me onto consideration.intoYoursLin Xin第二节书面表达﹙满分25分﹚Dear David,I’m writing to invite you to China to spend the approaching summer holiday with me. There are only several days left for me to graduate from high school and then I’ll have a long vacation without any homework. Here are some wonderful plans for you.First of all, I can’t wait to travel to Beijing. Just as an old Chinese saying goes, he who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. We can compete to see who is the first to climb to the top of the Great Wall. If you promise to join me, I can pick you up at the Capital Airport. We can also pay a visit to the Forbidden City to see what remains a mystery to you. There is no doubt that we can have a meaningful and unforgettable vacation together.I would appreciate it if you could give me some good advice. Looking forward to your reply.YoursLi Hua。

2017学年第二学期上大附中诊断测试高三年级英语试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.October 9 is the World Post Day. Once upon a time, if a friend or family member had to move away, you might not 1________(see) that person for years, or maybe ever again. That was before email, and before the smart phone. The only way to stay in touch was to do 2_________that now seems rather quaint(少见的): you had to write a letter.You might say, “But we have email. How different can an email be from a letter?” Yet email and letter-writing are very different. Writing an email is 3________(easy) thing in the world. You type a few sentences, press “send” and that’s it. Maybe a couple of minutes later you get a reply. To write a letter, on the other hand, takes more effort. 4________the letter is going to place a thousand kilometers away, possibly across the ocean, it might take weeks to reach the other person.Making an effort is therefore part of meaning of the letter. The care that you take shows your respect or love for your correspondent. That means you shouldn’t write on old paper. A page5________(tear) out for a notebook won’t do, nor should you scrawl(潦草地写) your letter with a pencil.Always the better letter6 _________(write) with a good pen in order to produce a physical object that says to the recipient, “I am glad to speak to you again.”And this carries over to the writing itself. There’s an old saying,” Words are cheap.” But this phrase shouldn’t apply7 ________the letter-writer. Each word is weighted; each ph rase, worried over. It’s important to write as well as possible, 8____________the letter you exchange with the other person are entirely of the relationship you have with them.On World Post Day, people are encouraged 9___________(continue) to send letters in this good old-fashioned way. Why not 10___________(give) it a try if you haven’t send a letter recently, or ever?keys:1.have seen 后面有foryears可知用现完时态合适2.something do后面缺宾语且后面定语从句连接词用that，可知是不定代词3.the easiest 没有前后比较所以是最高级4.If 结合句子意思，后面主句的动作将来发生，联想到主将从现5.torn 非谓语，跟前面逻辑主语page是被动完成关系6.are written 谓语动词，判断时态语态即可7.to applyto固定用法8.as 原因状语从句9. to continue sbbeencouragedtodosth固定用法10.give why not do sth 固定巨型Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The nursing assistant for your next trip to the hospital might be a robot. This is the implication of research recently published by Dr. Elena De Momi and colleagues in the open access journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI (Artificial Intelligence).Dr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions. De Momi's work indicates that humans and robots can 1. ______ coordinate their actions during high-stakes events such as surgeries.Over time this should lead to improvements in safety during surgeries because unlike their human counterparts robots do not tire and can complete an endless series of 2._____ movements. The goal is not to remove human expertise from the operating room, but to 3.______ it with a robot's particular skills and benefits."As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely change the work market, but they won't steal job opportunities. They will just allow us to decrease workload and achieve better performances in several tasks, from medicine to industrial 4.________," De Momi explains.To conduct their experiment De Momi's team photographed a human being 5.______ numerous reaching motions, in a way similar to handing instruments to a surgeon. These camera 6._________ were input into the neural network of the robotic arm, which is crucial to controlling movements. Next a human operator guided the robotic arm in imitating the reaching motions that the human subject had 7.__________ performed. Although there was not a perfect overlap between the robotic and human actions, they were broadly similar.Finally, several humans observed as the robotic arm made numerous motions. These observers 8.__________ whether the actions of the robotic arms were "biologically inspired," which would indicate that their neural networks had effectively learned to imitate human behavior. About 70% of the time this is exactly what the human observers 9.___________.These results are promising, although further research is necessary to 10.__________ or refine De Momi's conclusions. If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior, it would be necessary to build conditions in which humans and robots can cooperate effectively in high stress environments like operating rooms.Keys: HCAJE FDKBIIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Radio began as a point-to-point communication device. In 1919, Radio Corporation of American would charge a fee if you sent a message from one radio to another. Either the senders or the recipients pay the fee. The purpose was basically to undercut the telegraph, and they made their money ____1_____, not by providing radio as a ____2____ but by selling hardware.In about 1922, radio _____3_____ into a broadcast mechanism. For broadcasting, in the simple sense, there was a ____4____ and it broadcast, and lots of people could hear it. But broadcasting was seen as a way to drive business to the radio hardware makers. The station s were ___5_____ by people who made radios or ___6_____, by churches and universities that wanted to get their ___7____ out but we ren’t going to make money.And there was a lot of stuff which sounds very ___8___ today about how this medium was going to ____9____. And in the 20s, Radio Broadcast Magazine _____10____ a $500 prize for the best essay that answered the question: “ Who is going to pay for broadcasting, and how?” The winner suggested a ____11____ on radio listeners. Now, it sounds a little strange to us, but that’s actually the British model. The BBC supports itself by a tax on TV and radio sets.There was some discussion about ____12____, and Herbert Hoover, the Secretary of Commerce then, was strongly against this idea. He said it was ___13_____ that we should allow so great a possibility for service ___14____ by advertising chatter. The Commerce Department was __15____ radio at the time. After the creation of national radio networks then the pressure – advertisers wanted to go on with it, people who owned the radio network wanted to sell ads, and that’s how radio developed as an advertising medium.1. A. briefly B. naturally C. basically D. eventually2. A. listener B. service C. broadcaster D. applicant3. A. developed B. extended C. made D. drove4. A. magazine B. platform C. stop D. station5. A. wanted B. made C. sponsored D. sold6. A. in some cases B. in return C. on the contrary D. on the whole7. A. way B. message C. profit D. opinion8. A. critical B. persuasive C. familiar D. great9. A. communicate B. broadcast C. emerge D. survive10. A. offered B. won C. missed D. abandoned11. A. reward B. tax C. fine D. rent12. A. broadcasting B. advertising C. chattering D. modelling13. A. essential B. inconvenient C. difficult D. unbelievable14. A. sent B. created C. drowned D. suggested15. A. regulating B. producing C. providing D. developing1.【参考答案】C 【考查内容】副词【试题解析】注意这句话有个并列连词and,所以对应前半句中的basically，这里也一样2.【参考答案】B 【考查内容】上下文理解【试题解析】通过上下文可知，这里的收音机不是作为一种设备或者服务。

华中师大二附中2018届高三3月月考英语时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New England, USA is the vacation land of many people from other parts of the country, because there are so many lakes, waterfalls, and beautiful spots for camps, streams for fishing, and in the Maine woods places for hunting deer and mouse. In New Hampshire there are mountains called the White Mountains and one of these White Mountain, ______ (name) after our First President, is Mount washington. It is the highest mountain in this part of the country , and just (22)_____ it is so high many people like to climb it. All along the New England coast are places (23)_____ people go to spend the summer, because this part of the country is so cool while the rest of the country is so hot.But the thing that New England is (24)_______(proud) of its schools and colleges. In their mills they make things, and in their schools and colleges they make men. Two of the most noted colleges in the country are in New England -Yale is in Connecticut and Harvard is in Massachusetts. Harvard is the oldest college in the United States.(25)_______(stick) out from Massachusetts like a long, (26)__________(bend)finger, (27)___-signaling people across the water to come to Massachusetts, is a piece of land called Capel Cod. It was named in honor of the coldfish, because codfish are so plentiful in those waters, and they are caught and dried (28)_____ great quantities and shipped everywhere.The finger of Cape Cod has beckoned to (召唤）people of(29 )_____lands than England. People who speak strange languages have come to New England to work in factories and mills, (30)_____ _______ now almost one quarter of the people in New England are not from England; they are not Yankees.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Oumuamua, an object tumbling(翻转)through space hat was discovered on October 19th, has already made (31)______.The speed at which it is moving relative to the sun means that it cannot be (32)_______ to the solar system. Its official designation(称号）is thus 1I 2017 U1, with the “I” (33) ____for" interstellar (星际的)”- the first time this designation has ever been used. That is exciting. Some scientists, though, (34)______ an even more exciting possibility: what if Oumuamua is not an asteroid(小行星) as most think, but an alien spacecraft? Asteroids come in all sorts of shapes and sizes, but"Oumuamua seems particularly odd. As best as astronomers can tell, it is cigarlike, being (35)______180 metres long but only about 30 metres wide. That makes it longer and thinner than anything known of in the in the solar system. Such a shape would be a (36)_____ choice for a spaceship, since it would minimize the scouring effect of interstellar dust. With that in mind the Breakthrough Listen Project, an organization devoted to （37）______ for alien life, plans to turn the world’s biggest steerable radio telescope, the Green Bank instrument in Virginia, towards oumuamua to see if it can hear anything interesting. Oumuamua is (38)_______ about twice as far from Earth as Earth is from the sun. At that range, the telescope should be(39)____enough to pick up a transmitter about as powerful as a mobile phone after just a few beconds-worth of observations, will it find anything? Almost certainly not, Oumuamua has the same reddish colour as many asteroids, so presumably has a similar(40)_____. And, if it really is a spaceship, it is odd that signs of its artificial origin have not been seen already-and also odd that it is tumbling. It could, in theory, be deserted. But in that case the telescope is unlikely to hear anything. By far the most likely option is that it is exactly what it seems to be: a wandering hunk of space rock, although one that has come to the solar system from the vast voids between the stars.IIL Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are few words or phrases marked A,B ,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Margaret Thatcher was known for a voice that did not allow any disagreement, While still （41）______, she had taken elocution( 演讲术）lessons to sound more forceful. Despite this, she was often (42）____in interviews as prime minister, and in 1982, three researchers set out to understand why. They played clips from one of her interviews to a variety of people. The clips included sections that ended in interruption-while (43) ____out the interruptions themselves. More often than not, those hearing the interrupted phrases thought that the prime minister was (44)______her conversational turn. It seems her interviewer had come to a (45)_____ conclusion.Why? Conversation, it turns out, is a finely tuned machine, as Nick Enfield, a linguist at the University of Sydney, suggests in "How We Talk. Humans mostly follow a rule called" no (46)_____, no overlap(重叠)”, reacting to the end of a conversational tum by beginning their own in about 200 milliseconds -about the time it takes a sho-distaperumner to (47)______ to the starting gun. This is all the more remarkable(48)_____ it takes about 600 milliseconds for someone to work out what they are going to say by mentally finding the words and organizing how they are to be expressed.People, ( 49)______must plan to begin speaking before their conversation (50)______has stopped. That requires a fine attention o the Cues signalling the end of a turn, such as a lengthening of syllables and a drop in pitch( 音高）. As it happens, using a downward shift of pitch is also a frequent piece of advice given to those who want to sound more (51)______-like Thatcher. The researchers studying the times she was interrupted found precisely that a sharp(52)______in her pitch accurately predicted an interruption.(53)_____ popular assumptions, many dynamics of the "conversational machine" are similar from culture to culture, something that Mr Enfield (54)______by looking at both big and small languages in rich and poor countries alike. For example, though the Japanese are often said to be polite, they have one of the shorten gaps before starting conversational replies. In answering “Yes" or “No” to a question, the Japanese, on average, even reply before the question’s turn is over. This is not bec ame the Japanese are (55)______ . Quite the opposite. Answering quickly moves the common along In general, two people speaking try to help each other. And to a remarkable degree, they succeed.41. A.in childhood B.in opposition C.in residence D.in trouble42. A. applauded B. protested C .interrupted D. echoed43. A. coming B. bringing C. editing D. acting44. A. ending B. beginning C. waiting D. missing45. A. distinct B. similar C. qualified D. reasonable46. A. overflow B. respect C. tap D. gap47. A. stick B. adapt C. respond D. apply48. A. as long as B. in order that C. even though D. given that49. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. nevertheless50. A. course B. interaction C. turn D. partner51. A. approachable B. available C. authoritative D. sociable52. A. rise B. drop C. wave D. stop53. A. Contrary to B. According to C. In terms of D. Considering54. A. assumes B. employs C.implies D. demonstrates55. A. polite B. rude C. traditional D. emotionalSection BDirections: Read the following a tree passages, Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have justread.(A)Mrs. Bridge said that she judged people by their shoes and by their manners at the table. If someone wore shoes with run-over heels, or shoes that had not been shined for a long time, or shoes with broken laces, you could be pretty sure this person would be careless in other things as well. And there was no better way to judge a persons background than by watching him or her at the table.The children learned it was impolite to talk while eating, or to chew with the mouth open, and as they grew older they learned the more subtle manners not to butter an entire slice of bread, not to take more than one biscuit at a time, unless, of course, the hostess should insist. They were taught to keep their elbows close to their sides while cutting meat, and to hold the utensils in the tips of their fingers. They resisted the temptation to sup up the gravy with a piece of bread, and they made sure to leave a little of everything-not enough to be called wasteful, but just a little to indicate the meal had been suit And ally, they learned that a lady or a gentleman does not fold up a napkin after eating in a public place.The girls absorbed these matters with greater facility than Douglas, who tended to ask the son for everything, sometimes observing that he thought it was all pretty silly. He seemed particularly unable to eat with his left hand lying in his lap; he wanted to leave it on the table, to prop himself up, us it were, and claimed be got a backache with one arm in his lap. Mrs, Bridge told him this was absurd, and when he wanted to know why he could not put his elbow on the table she replied, " Do you want to be different from everyone else?”Douglas was doubtful, but after a long silence, and under the weight of his mother’stranquil gaze, he at last concluded he didn’t.The American habit of switching implement, however, continued to give him trouble andmake him rebellious. With elaborate care he would put down the knife, reach high across hisplate and descend on the left side to pick up the fork, raising it high over the plate again as hereturned to the starting position."Now sop acting ridiculous, " she told him one day at lunch.Well, I sure bet the Egyptians don’t have to eat this way,” he muttered, giving “Egyptians” a vengeful emphasis.“I doubt if they do, she replied calmly, expertly cutting a tr iangle of pineapple from hersalad, "but you' re not an Egyptinn, So you eat the way Americans eat, and that’s final.”56. Which of the following was considered acceptable table manners by Mrs. BridgeA. Fold up a napkin after having a meal in a public placeB. Take more than one biscuits if the hostess insistsC. Put the elbow on the table while eatingD. Butter an entire slice of bread57. Douglas claimed that he got a backache with one arm in his lap, because______.A.he didn’t want to be different from othersB. he was worried that his back might ache soonC. no one answered his question about the table mannersD. he had to find an excuse for not obeying the rules58. What did Douglas mean by saying "I sure bet the Egyptians don’t have to eat this way"?A. He thought it ridiculous to have the strange old table mannersB. He didn’t think Americans should learn from the Egyptians.C. He thought Egyptians used to have strict rules about eatingD. He hoped that his mothers could give in to him if he insisted.59. what's the probable reason why Mrs Bridge put much emphasis on table manners?A. She believed that good table manners is a reflection of her family's social positionB. She didn't want her family to be considered wastefulC. She thought it necessary to cultivate her children’s good eating habitsD. She found it embarrassing to obey her sons wishesBWe want to make the world a better, fairer place. We want to keep the powerful honest. And we believe that doing so means keeping society informed by producing quality, independent journalism, which discovers and tells readers the truth.It’s essential for the function of democracy. And our unique ownership structure means no one can tell us to censor or drop a story.But it’s difficult and expensive work. While more people are reading the Guardian than ever before, far fewer are praying for it. And advertising revenues across the media are falling fast.So if you read us, if you like us, if you value our perspective---then become a Supporter and help make our future more secure.60.$6.99 is the amount money you should pay as _____.A.a monthly subscription to the GuardianB.the minimum donation to the GuardianC.the free to become a Guardian Supporter a monthD.the membership free to join the Guardian journalism club61.It can be inferred from the article that_____.A.a rich owner pr powerful shareholders are the foundation for a successful newspaper like theGuardian.B.if more people read the Guardian, the newspaper can earn more through advertisements.C.making a better and fairer world for the future generation is everyone’s noble mission.D.the Guardian is faithful to the principle of the truth despite the universally challenging financialclimate.62.Which of the following is the most effective development strategy employed by the Guardian?A.Publishing ad-free newspapers for high-rank readers.B.Restricting free online newspaper to members only.C.Tempting potential subscribers by offering attractive welcome gifts.D.Arousing readers’ pride in supporting a high-quality newspaper.CPrivacy is necessary for human society to function. The problem is not that the information exists but that it reaches the wrong people. Information on the Internet could bring great benefits to society, and to individuals, when huge datasets(数据集集) can yield information otherwise unavailable. But once the information is gathered, a precautionary principle has to apply. It is unreasonable to agree with John Perry Barlow, the Internet rights pioneer, when he wittily remarked that "relying on the government to protect your privacy is like asking a peeping Tom to install your window blinds"; but it does not help when it appears that everything the public sector does with the huge datasets it has will be overseen by the media.Governments need to keep our trust; but technology wears away privacy in two ways. The first is simply smartphones. Most Britons-70%-now carry around with them devices which record and report their location, their friends and their interests all the time. The second is the ease with which two or more datasets can be combined to bring out secrets that are apparent in neither set on its own Now nearly 90% of the US population can be uniquely identified simply by combining their gender, date of birth and postal code. All kinds of things can be reliably inferred from freely available data: four likes on Facebook are usually enough to reveal a person's standard of spouse selection.Underlying such problems is human psychology. No one forces anybody to reveal their preferences on Facebook. The latest spectacular breach (泄露) of privacy came when the exercise app Strava published a global map of the 3 trillion data points its users had uploaded, which turned out to reveal the location of secret US military bases around the world. But the chance to boast about where you have been and how fast you were moving is exactly what makes Strava popular. Psychology, as much as technology, made this a massive security breach The users gave enthusiastic consent(允许), but it was fantastically ill-informed. Then again how could anyone give informed consent when not even the firms that collect the data can know how it will be used?The protection of private data from unintentional disclosure(公开) is primarily a social or psychological problem. What’s needed is a chance of attitude among those who harvest and process the data. They need constantly to ask themselves -or to be asked by society- how this information could be used for harm, and how to prevent that from happening.63. The underlined word“overseen”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to“______”A supervised B. disturbed C. overlooked D. underestimated64. The Strava incident is recalled to indicate____________.A. users should have stopped the app from publicly broadcasting their locationB. users should be reliably informed before giving consent for access to their dataC. users give away their personal data to satisfy their basic human desiresD. users have lost confidence in the government to protect their privacy65. According to the writer, the key to solving privacy problems is_____.A. for technicians to upgrade smartphone systems and instruct social media behaviorB. for data providers to give informed consent before using any appC for the government to ban the unapproved in formation exchange between datasetsD. for the data collectors to ensure the appropriate use of data66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Two datasets are better than oneB. It's the psychology, stupidC. Technology: a two-edged swordD. No privacy on the Internet, experts warnSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. EachA new sort of convenience store opened in the basement of the headquarters of Amazon in Seattle in January. Customers walk in, scan their phones, pick what they want off the shelves and walk out again. At Amazon Go there are no checkouts and no cashiers. Instead, it is what the tech giant calls “just walk out" shopping, made possible by a new generation of machines that can sense which and what they are picking off the shelves. Within a minute or two of the shopper leaving the store, a receipt pops up on their phone for items they bought.This is the shape of things to come in food retailing(零售业). 67.________________. There is a downside to Amazon Go, even though consumers benefit from lower prices and don't waste time in queues. The store is only open to shoppers who can download an app on their smartphone, which rules out those who rely on welfare food stamps.Change is always disturbing but the likely result of the next wave of automation will be especially celebrated. 68. ___________________.They can do things or will eventually be able to do things that were once the exclusive preserve of humans. That, however, means higher growth but also the risk that the owners of the machines get richer and richer while those displaced get angrier and angrier.69.____________. A robot tax a tax that firms would pay if machines were taking the place of humans-would slow down the pace of automation by making the machines more expensive but this too has costs, especially for a country such as Britain, which has a problem with low investment, low productivity and a shrunken industrial base. The UK has 33 robot units per 10, 000 workers, compared with 93 in the US and 213 in Japan, which suggests the need for more automation not less. On the plus side, the UK has more small and medium-sized companies in artificial intelligence than Germany or France. 70.____________.The big issue is not whether the robots are coming, because they are. It is not even whether they will boost growth, because they will.IV. Summary Writing (10%)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When Is Healthy Food the Best Medicine? When it's FreeThat old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away " may hold some truth. In fact, one study found that in 2012, almost half of the deaths in America caused by heart disease, stroke, and type2 diabetes(∏型糖尿病病) were linked to poor diet.But knowing you should eat healthfully and actually doing it are two different things, and making the right choice isn't any easier when a pound of grapes costs more than twice as much as a pound of pasta(意大利面) The Fresh Food Pharmacy aims to change that. A pilot program created by the Geisinger Health System, a hospital network in Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey, this pharmacy resembles a grocery store stocked with fresh produce, lean meats, canned beans, and more. Even better, it's all free.Under the program, patients with type 2 diabetes and qualifying income are prescribed a week’s worth of food for their entire household, and dietitians(营养师) show them how to transform it into healthy meals. After the first year, all 180 participants had improved in key health measurements, in particular their hemoglobin Alc levels(HbAlc), the gold standard for tracking blood sugar control.In 2012, the estimated costs associated with diabetes in the United States were S245 billion. Geisinger will spend only about $1,000 annually on each food-pharmacy patient. David Feinberg, Geisinger's president and CEO, calculates that "a decrease in HbAlc of one point saves us about $8,000 " With many of the patients dropping three points, the program could save $24,000 or more a year in health-care costs.Geisinger isn't the only organization experimenting with produce prescriptions. Nonprofits,food banks, hospitals, and even doctors’ offices around the country have implemented programsthat bring the "food is medicine " concept to life.V. Translation (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.教育学家们很想知道究竟是什么塑造了一个人的人格。

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?Booklovers, most of them, will tell you (21)______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to a friend – the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that made you feel (22)____ ____ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine for your reading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle, electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm (23)_____ (press) on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks, (24)______ (use) any device with the Barnes & Noble e-book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. You read in black and white on the main screen, just like with Kindle. The difference is (25)______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color touch screen, (26)______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black when you’re not using it so that you save power.(27)______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection (28)______ (read) whole e-books at Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Ba rnes and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook, ironically, (29)______ (turn out) to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble, or at least a job-loser for Barnes and Noble’s employees. According to Marian Maneker at The Big Money Website, (30)______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.KEYS:21. what 22. as if/though 23. pressed 24. using 25. that 26. which 27. Another 28. to read 29. has turned out (turns out) 30. ifⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife secrets of Nigeria's last wildernessResearchers from Chester Zoo, working with the Nigeria National Park Service, surveyed over 1,000 square kilometres of the national park. Known （21）__ __ its mountain rainforests, savannah woodlands and rolling grasslands, it is home to some of West Africa's most endangered animals.The cameras (22) (spot) some animals that have never been recorded before in the area and others, like chimps, (23) are rarely seen. Stuart Nixon, the Africa Field Programme Co-ordinator at Chester Zoo, said confirmation of the locations of chimps was an important discovery." Gashaka's been regarded for many years as (24)_____ (have) the biggest population of this Nigeria-Cameroon chimp, which is the rarest chimp subspecies," he said." We consider it the most important population - that's really (25)_______we need to count it and see what the status of the chimp is right now - that will ultimately affect what we know about this subspecies elsewhere."The chimp (26)_______(endanger) across its range in Cameroon and Nigeria. Its total population is down to fewer than 9,000 individuals, of which about 1,000 are thought (27)________(live) to live within the borders of the national park. "It's an incredible tool to use these camera traps and to reveal that this park - which is a (28)______(forget)forgotten wilderness, really, for Nigeria - still has a really important reservoir of important species for Nigeria and Africa in general," said Stuart Nixon.Chester Zoo is funding guards for the rangers and providing training in wildlife monitoring and protection. "This work is helping us learn more about the secrets of one of our last wilderness areas and we must continue to work together to ensure (29)________survival for future generations. "(30)_________ all this beauty were lost it would be a terrible tragedy for all."Keys:21 for 22. spotted 23. which 24. having 25. why 26. is endangered 27. to live 28. forgotten 29. its 30. IfII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma (21)_______ (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt (22)_______ the puma began in a small village where a woman (23)_______ (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being (24)________ it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at (25)_______ place twenty miles away in the evening. (26)_______ it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of “cat-like noises” at night and a businessman on a (27)_______ (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, (28)_______ where had it come from?As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one (29)_______ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing (30)_______(think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.KEYS:21. had been spotted 22. for 23. picking 24. unless 25. another26. Wherever 27. fishing 28. but 29. must 30. to thinkⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape the official new plan of the government.(21)_______ (develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were(22)_______ (share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months(23)_______ he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison's reply remind us that friends are friends till death."The friendship which (24)________ (exist)between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles an pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. it's also been a great comfort to me (25)_______ (believe)that you are engaged in vindicating(证实)to the younger generation the course that we've pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with (26)_______ single and keen eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth, to (27)_______ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections.”A week later, Madison replied.“You cannot look back (28)_______ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. (29)_______ they are a source of pleasure to you, they are the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去)of the happy consciousness of the puredevotion to the public good and I have confidence (30)_______ sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.”Keys:21. developing 22. shared 23. before 24. has existed 25. to believe26. a 27. which 28. to/on 29.If 30. thatII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Traveling Frog Stimulates ReflectionA free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China, (21)________ being available only in Japanese.Called “Tabikaeru: Travel Frog”, the main character of the game is a frog that goes on adventures around Japan. Players collect clovers(四叶草) that grow in the frog’s garden (22)________ ________ they can use them to buy supplies for the frog’s journeys. In turn, the frog sends players souvenirs and snapshots from its travels. Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures.While news of the game’s appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported on by local media outlets last week, its popularity hasn’t decreased in any way since: “Travel Frog” on Monday was still ranked first on a list of the most (23)__________(download)g ames from Apple’s app store in China. It is being widely discussed on social media,(24)__________ users post photos of their frogs’ adventures.Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point, which was previously best-known for creating the popular cat-collecting game “Neko Atsume”. Even though (25)__________ is difficult to pinpoint what has driven interest among mainland users in “Travel Frog”, local mediaoutlets reported that the game’s slow nature was part of its charm.The game was popular as it “tapped the trend among younger generations in China to search out ‘Zen-like’ activities”, China Daily said, (26)_________(add) that those users were taken with its “Buddha-style gameplay”.But not everyone is thrilled about “Travel Frog”. In a post on social media platform Weibo last week, the state-run People’s Daily suggested that peopl e (27)__________ aim to enrich themselves and “avoid being a lonely frog-raising youth”.As an indication of the popularity of the “Travel Frog”, Apple has already had to remove from its store an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original, the South China Morning Post reported. That version of the game, which (28)__________(create) by a developer called Song Yang, charged users 30 yuan ($4.74) to download the game. On Monday, another free-to-download app available on the app store claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt (29)___________(improve) gameplay.While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about (30)_________ it intends to develop versions of the game in other languages or not, the company did put out an English update for “Neko Atsume” in 2015.KEYS:21. despite 22. so that 23. downloaded 24. where 25. it25. adding 27. should 28. was created 29. to improve 30. whetherII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Aunt Jane is now well over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer. The cinema in our town closed down years ago and sometimes she has to travel twenty miles or more to see a good film. And once a month at least she goes up to London to see (21)________ (late) foreign films.Of course she could see most of these films on television, but the idea does not attract her. "It isn't the same," she says. "For one thing, the screen's too small. Besides, I like going to the cinema!"However, one thing which has always puzzled us is that (22)________ Aunt Jane has lots of friends and enjoys company, she always goes to the cinema alone. We discovered the reason for this only recently-from Mother. "It may surprise you to lean that Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young, "she told us. "She used to wait outside film studios all day, just (23)__________ (appear)in crowd scenes. Your aunt has probably appeared in dozens of films. Sometimes she did not even know the name of the film they(24)__________ (make). Therefore, she couldn't go to see(25)__________ in the film at the cinema!"All the time, of course, she was looking for a small part in a film. Her big chance came (26)_________ they started to make a film in our town. Jane managed to meet the director at a party and he offered her (27)__________ role as a shopkeeper. It really was a very small part, but it was an important moment for Jane. Before the great event, she rehearsed for days. In fact, she turned the sitting-room into a shop! We all had to help, going to and out of the shop (28)__________ she could remember her words perfectly And(29)__________ the actual day she was marvelous. Jane thought that this was the beginning of her film career!"Unfortunately, in the end, they did not include the shop scene in the film. But nobody told Jane! When the film first appeared in London, she took all her friends to see it. And of course she wasn't in it! It was a terrible blow! She stopped (30)_________ (go)to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress. She still loves the cinema, as you all know, but from that day she has always gone alone!"Keys:21 the latest 22. though 23. to appear 24. were making 25 herself26. when 27. a 28. until 29. on 30. goingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better. Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country’s very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)______ (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)______be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)______ (likely) to get to know their neighbors or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)_____ (affect) Britons only. In fact, were all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26)______ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)_______ _______ _______ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)_______ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)______ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part ofthe experience of being human.Keys:21 are inspired 22. to deal 23. can/may 24. less likely 25 affecting26. which 27. what 28. No matter how 29. fighting 30. withoutII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason why a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break – they get (21)_______ (wire) into our brains."Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate reward," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway."We all as creatures are hard-wired that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to (22)________ is delayed," Volkow says.How this bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemical named dopamine. It causes the brain (23)_______ (pursue) that reward again and again strengthening the connection each time – especially when it gets the right cue from your environment.People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus (24)________ (destroy) attempts to shed bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it (25)_______ show weakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," Volkow says. "It's fascinating."A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outright payments or insurance rebates for adopting better habits.(26)______ well paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are still some steps thatmay help fight your brain's hold (27)_______ newly-established habits:Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior –the same routine at the same time of day. You decide to exercise. Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in casually, (28)_______(make) the striatum(终脑皮层) recognize the habit, "if you don't keep doing it, you will feel frustrated.Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit (29)_______ your muscles protest。

上海市十三校2018届高三下学期联考英语试卷上海市十三校made foodSection BDirections In Section B you will hear two short passages , and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heardQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage 11．A．To practice biology and geologyB．To solve pollution problemC．To protect the natural environmentD．To develop knowledge and skills for a better natural environment12．A．Engineering or social science B．Engineering or natural scienceC．Natural scienceD．Biology, geology and chemistry13．A．It encourages undergraduates to do researchB．It provides many research discussionsC．It involves a lot of advanced equipmentD．It is very profitable and usefulQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following news 14．A．HoAntarctica’s environment has been damagedB．HoAntarctica’s environment can be protectedC．HoAntarctica should be dividedD．HoAntarctica’s resources should be used15．A．117B．170C．270D．37016．A．Rome B．SpainC．ItalyD．West Germany。

Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But you still have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination (拖延) ?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attentively. 67 Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scrubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house.68 When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) . Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task. 69 I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.70 Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creative task at work or in school. Havea tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.Keys:67-70:E D F ASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Car washes have been automated for decades, but companies developing fully autonomous vehicles must rely on a human touch to keep their cars and trucks in working condition.____67_______For example, soap residue or water spots could effectively "blind" an autonomous car. A traditional car wash's heavy brushes could jar the vehicle's sensors, disruptingtheir calibration and accuracy. Even worse, sensors, which can cost over $100,000, could be broken. ____68________ Dirt, dead bugs, bird droppings or water spots can impact the vehicle's ability to drive safely.Avis, which has years of experience managing large fleets of rental cars, has been tasked with cleaning and refueling the self-driving van fleet of Waymo, the self-driving arm of Google's parent company. Avis modified three of its branches in the Phoenix area to tend to the Chrysler Pacifica vans."There are special processes that definitely require a lot more care and focus, and you have to clean [the vans] quite often,"______69__________But other self-driving car companies such as Toyota, Aptiv, Drive.AI and Uber described to CNN that they use microfiber cloths along with rubbing alcohol, water or glass cleaner for manual cleanings.____70_______This should alleviate some need for manual cleaning.But because autonomous vehicles can have dozens of sensors, Seeva CEO Diane Lansinger doesn't imagine products like this will be able to clean every camera, radar or LIDAR, a laser sensor that most experts see as essential for self-driving vehicles.Keys:67-70 EFBDSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Retro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman.67 And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground – and now they are being talked about – and played – again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: 68I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc., but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?69The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says "it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with – your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb–and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games.70___This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.Keys:67-70 BEACSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 h century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. 69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符)show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visualarts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor(装饰品).70 .The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.Keys:67—70 DFBASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. (67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is ―co-rumination‖. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with ―high-quality‖ andclose friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties.(70)________________Keys:67-70 DAFBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Rhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour toeat-and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it's not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 67 Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights.68Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into "days" lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2℃to a pre-dawn low of 36.1℃, mental functions fall too.69 .The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts.70 .Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warming light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.Keys:67-70 EBDFSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.67IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC.68.This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it should be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year.70Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.KEYS:67-70 CDAFSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love. But to understand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychological and physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent. 67In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed from their mothers were found to prefer clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) mother for comfort.Such experimentation sounds cruel, They, however, have been critical in helping change policies in human orphanages(孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuries some orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had ―parents‖ specially devoted to them at the orphanage, 68Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adopt ive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to light in Romania in the 1980s and ’90s. A ban on abortion led to a surge in orphanage babies, simply being fed and changed without individualized affection, some babies present serious problems. Many developedviolent behaviors, repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate.69Their head sizes were especially small. they even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has detrimental consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects that vary by sex. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early in life. the Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society than virtually any other type of spending, It is obviously reflected in increased educational success and productivity.They reduced crime, addiction, distress and disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult health.70.Remove it and the harm is great.Keys:67-70 EBFDSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Feel Young at Heart and You’ll Enjoy a Longer LifeAge-liars and birthday-deniers, you’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young atheart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says.__67Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for they study. Around 70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older they were, when asked ―How old do you feel you are?‖Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel ―young at heart‖ have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. ― 68Individuals who feel older could be targeted with health message promoting positive health behaviors and attitudes toward aging,‖ the authors write in the study.The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are. 69One recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging and poor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.There you have it. 70.Keys:67-70 BDEASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ____67______ Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but onceyou find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But whenthey step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. _____69_____.Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of themovies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because theircreations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do whathas been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the doorof imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, ―I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know thatthey are cheering me on.‖Keys:66-70DAFBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.No one enjoys the moment. You are stuck at the back of a queue and as those in other lines move ahead and get served, the time to decide arrives. ____67____.This question has now been solved by researchers at Harvard Business School. According to what they have found in a new study, they suggest people think twice before switching queues.The research was led by Ryan Buell, an expert in service management. He looked into consumer queuing behavior after working with economists on what is known as ―last-place aversion,‖ the discomfort people feel when they know they earn less than others or consider themselves at the bottom of the social pile for some other reason. As a result of this aversion to being the last, when a person finds himself at the end of a queue, he can make decisions that he will later regret.Buell began by observing people at a multi-checkout grocery store and then set up an online survey. People who took part in the survey were told it would take about five minutes. In reality, it took only one minute, but when participants logged in for the survey, they were forced to wait in a virtual queue displayed on the screen. They started at the back and could wait, switch to a second queue or choose to leave.____68____ On average, however, those who switched waited 10 percent longer than if they had stayed put. Those who switched twice ended up waiting 67 percent longer than if they had never moved.―When we join a queue, we tend to make the most rational choice we can, which means joining the shortest queue. ____69____ Unfortunately, we can often get it wrong,‖ said Buell.____70____ After that, the aversion fades. The researcher suggests people have a chat with the person in front so that they can pass the time more comfortably until someone else joins behind them. ―Remember that the person in front of you was the last until you arrived, so someone will show up if you hang around long enough,‖ Buell said.Keys:67--70: CBAESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths.____67____ With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records, These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. ____68_____ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Expert analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. ____69____ Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed politicaland religious themes, other works served only as pleasant décor(装饰品). ____70_____.The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.Keys:67-70 DFBASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world-sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. 67.Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within theircountry because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.68It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from ruralareas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. ___69____ ―Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,‖ said Kanta Jumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. ―_______70‖ Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.Keys:67-70 FBDASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Make traditiona measures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in。

2018届高三英语上册第二次联考试题（带答案）--World-renowned Oxford and Cambridge have e to China 16 (attract) top-rank postgraduate students in cooperation with the China Scholarship CouncilOxford made its first 17 (appear) at the China Scholarship Council’s annual Interna tional Graduate Scholarship Fair, 18 opened on Saturday in Beijing The school wants to encourage excellent Chinese students to consider 19 Oxford can offer for solvers23 Cambridge and Oxford present at the fair in petition for 24 best and brightest, Osterfield and Sherwood agree that the two universities usually have more interest in cooperation 25 petition, except in their traditional annual boat raceII阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节阅读理解（共patient relationship27Homany of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?A About 350B About 390C About 900D About 1,00028What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?A They are not as hopeless as doctors think they areB Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vainC Without their doctors’constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weightD Most of them have just given up their hope of being less heavy29According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?。

上海市六校2017届高三3月联考英语试题及答案2017届高三第二次六校联考调研试卷英语Listening ComprehensionPart A short ConversationsDirections: In part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation , a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it , read the four possible answers on your paper , and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Angry B. Tired C. Hungry D. Disappointed2.A. She did a survey a week ago. B. She completed her survey quicklyC. She will help him on ThursdayD. She thinks she can reduce the cost3. A. In a grocery B. In a warehouseC. In a shopping m allD. In a fashion designer’s studio4. A. He wrote it last semester B. He’ll finish it in a few minutesC. He never does assignments earlyD. He isn’t going to write it.5. A. Boss and secretary B. Coach and athleteC. Doctor and patientD. Teacher and student6. A. 10:00 B. 10:10 C.10:20 D. 10;307. A. The electrician came to repair the lamp B. The lamp was taken to the repair shopC. She had Mike fix the lampD. The lamp was replaced8. A. Studying B. Watching televisionC. Coming upstairsD. Going to the movies9. A. She had gone to photography class insteadB. She has not chosen a picture for itC. She had broken her cameraD. She was unable to have her pictures taken10. A. Dick is practically the only one who thinks so .B. Most people play football differentlyC. Few people are optimistic about the team’s chances of winningD. Dick is disappointed in football games.Part B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and two longer conversations . After each passage or conversation , you will be asked several questions . The passage and the conversations will be read twice. But the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question , read the four possible answers on you paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When directions are long B. When directions are shotC. When homework is givenD. When your mother talks12. A. Your pen and paper B. A few wordsC. Your mind and earsD. Some pictures13. A. Topics or page numbers B. Key words or pa picture inmindC. Some detailsD. School assignmentsQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. The teenagers ‘ strange behaviorsB. The teenagers ‘s criticism of their parentsC. The dominance of the parents over their childrenD. Misunderstanding between teenagers and their parents15. A. Because they want to make their parents angryB. Because they have no other way to enjoy themselvesC. Because they have a strong desire to be leaders in style and tasteD. Because they want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own.16. A. They should be obedient B. They should be responsibleC. They should be cooperativeD. They should be independentQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation17. A He hadn’t found the job.B. He found a job as a teacherC. He was preparing for final exam .D. he found a job as a writer18. A . Writers B. InterviewsC. Newspaper reportersD. Teachers19. A. New York B. Boston C. California D. Los Angeles20. A. Continue his education B. Start a newspaperC. Write a bookD. Continue to find jobs.Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary (第二大题每小题1分，共20分) Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct . For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks , use one word that best fits each blank.On the morning of September 11, 2001, computer sales manager Michael Hingson , who is blind , went early to his office on the 78th floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting . As Michael worked , his guide dog , a Labrador retriever _______(name) Roselle, dozed by his feet.At 8:46 a.m, a tremendous boom rocked the building , eliciting screams throughout the floor . Michael grabbed Roselle , trusting that the dog _______(lead) out of the danger, and they navigated their way to a stairwell.“Forward,” Machael instructed , and they descended the first of 1,463 steps to the lobby._______ about ten floors , the stairwell grew crowded and hot ,and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe. When a woman became crazy , yelling that they wouldn’t make it. Roselle accompanied the woman ________she finally petted the dog , calmed herself , and kept walking down the stairs.Around the 30th floor, firefighters started passing Michael on their way up . Each one stopped to offer him assistance. He declined but let Roselle be petted, _____ (provide) many of the firefighters with _______ would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about 45 minutes ,Michael and Roselle reached _____ booby ,and 15 minutes later ,they emerged outside to a scene ofchaos . Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as the South Tower began to collapse.Michael kept a tight grip on Roselle’s harness , using voice and hand commands, as they ran to a street opposite the crumblin g tower . The street bounced like a trampoline , and “a deafening roar” like a hellish freight train filled the air. Hours later , Michael andRoselle made it home safely . At that moment , they thought they were _______(lucky ) in the world.In 2004, Roselle developed a blood disorder , ______ prevented her from guiding and touring . She died in 2011.“ I ‘ve had many other dogs ,” Mechael wrote , “but there is only one Roselle.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.For thousands of commuting students, Chabot was our Columbia, Annapolis, even our Sorbonne, offering courses in physics, stenography, auto mechanics, ___31___ public accounting, foreign languages, journalism—name the art or science, the subject or trade, and it was probably in the ___32___. The college had a nursing program that churned out graduates, sports teams that funneled athletes to big-time programs, and parking for a few thousand cars—all ___33___, but for the effort and the cost of used textbooks.Classmates included veterans back from Vietnam, women of every marital and maternal statusreturning to school, middle-aged men wanting to improve their employment ___34___ and paybacks. We could get ourgeneral education requirement out of the way at Chabot—credits we could ___35___ to a university—which made those two years an invaluable head start. I was able to go on to the California State University in Sacramento (at $95 a semester, just ___36___ affordable) and study no other subject but my major, theater arts. (After a year there I moved on, enrolling in a little thing called the School of Hard Knocks, a.k.a. Life.)“By some fluke of the punch-card computer era, I made Chabot’s dean’s list taking classes I loved (oral interpretation), classes I hesitated (health, a requirement), classes I aced, and classes I ___37___ after the first hour (astronomy, because it was all math). I nearly failed zoology, killing my fruit flies by neglect, but got lucky in an English course, “The College Reading Experience.” The books of Carlos Castaneda were incomprehensible to me (and still are), but my___38___ presentation on the analytic process called structural dynamics was hailed as clear and concise, though I did nothing more than embellish the definition I had looked up in the dictionary.A public-speaking class was unforgettable for a couple of reasons. First, the assignments forced us to get over our ___39___. Second, another student was a stewardess, as flight attendants called themselves in the 70’s. She was studying communications and was gorgeous. She lived not far from me, and when my VW threw a rod and was in the shop for a week, she offered me a lift to class. I rode shotgun that Monday-Wednesday-Friday, ___40___ tongue-tied. Communicating with her one-on-one was the antithesis of public speaking.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there arefour words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When buying a smart phone, I keep my criteria simple. If the device can handle WeChat, phone calls and ___41___ the Internet, I purchase it. If it’s over 1,000 yuan, I ___42___ it. This approach to acquiring smartphones ___43___for me as I keep my needs basic. Aside from saving myself money, I may have also saved myself from some wounds or burns had I chosen a flawed phone. In recent news, things have been ___44___ for Samsung-literally.Samsung's most recent innovation is called the Note7. Sadly, it was discontinued only 38 days after being made ___45___ for consumption. At first, a few customers complained that their phones caught fire while being ___46___. Samsung, being responsible, launched an investigation to ___47___ the cases. They issued a global recall on September 1, but it was taken merely as a suggestion and not seen as ___48___. Yet,earlier this month, the tech giant gave a stronger message to worldwide customers, saying all owners must stop using their Note 7s immediately.Commercial forces encourage tech companies to push the envelope and produce new products every few months. Sometimes, a conflict of interests can occur. The greed for innovation has a funny way of causing ___49___ for the basics- like safety-and the Note7's situation is just one example of this. The device ___50___ all kinds of cool features, including a super-high-resolution camera, an iris scanner and an especially powerful ___51___. Ideally, manufacturers should consider all relevant aspects when creating new commodities. Samsung has both the money and technical know-how to prevent such negligence. The Note7's ___52___ was most likely rushed in orderto make more profit, which ___53___ having the opposite effect. Time will tell how much this oversight will cost with respect to Samsung' fame and future.___54___, it' s safe to assume that Samsung could eventually come back over the horizon and restore its reputation as a manufacturer of excellent smartphones if its new models have no major flaw. In an industry largely run by Apple and Samsung, intense competitions will only bring more benefit to consumers. If Apple were to become the only ___55___ company, we would be left with few options for top-of-the-line phones.1. A. surf B. access C. launch D. process2. A. buy B. desire C. recommend D. abandon3. A. works B. checks C. helps D. adapts4. A. growing up B. bringing up C. blowing up D. digging up5. A. accessible B. responsible C. affordable D. available6. A. locked B. broadcast C. charged D. carried7. A. look over B. look through C. look up D. look into8. A. aggressive B. desperate C. anxious D. urgent9. A. neglect B. need C. demand D. application10. A. causes B. boasts C. defines D. forbids11. A. battery B. screen C. chip D. frame12. A. campaign B. promotion C. invention D. release13. A. ended up B. served for C. acted out D. turned over14. A. Consequently B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Nevertheless15. A. flexible B. ambitious C. dominant D. feasibleSection BDirections : Read the following three passage , each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D .Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)F or the first time in its history the International Olympic Committee has allowed a team of refugee to compete at the Games. All of the team’s members were forced to leave their home countries .N ow they’ve come together to compete under the Olympic flag instead.Making it to the Olympics is something eighteen-year-old swimmer Yusra has always dreamed of . But just last year, she was swimming for her life. She and her sister were forced to leave their home in Syria because of the war there. They were trying to get to Greece in a rubber dinghy with eighteen other refugees , when their boat broke down and began filing with water. Most of the people on board couldn’t swim so she and her sister jumped in to help push it to shore.Three hours later , they made it to safety , and eventually to Germany as refugees. Refugees are people who have left their home country because their lives are threatened by war, bad treatment or violence –often because of their race, gender or beliefs. Around the world , more than 60 million people are in this situation . And some of them , like Yuasra , are elite athletes who have trained all their lives to compete at the highest level , only to have that chance taken away.Now, a team of ten , including swimmers, runners , and judokas from Syria, South Sudan ,Ethipia and Congo have been given the chance to compete at the Games under the Olympic flag. They’ve also been given their own coaches ,officials ,uniforms and a chef , all paid for by the IOC. And in the past few months they ‘ve been training hard. TheIOC says it wants the team to inspire and give hope to other refugees, and draw attention to the issues millions of others around the world are facing . And these guys say they’ve up to the task , whether they win gold or not.“These refugee athlete s will show the world that despite the unimaginable tragedies that they have faced , anyone can contribute to society through their talent ,skills and strength of the human spiri t,” the statement continues.56.What does the underlined sentence mean?A. She trained all her life.B. She swam for the glory of life.C. She swam to escape being drownedD. She swam to escape from other refugees.57.Where do Yusra and her sister live as refugees now?A. SyriaB. GermanyC. CongoD. Ethiopia58.Which of the following is not a reason why the refugees are threatened to leave their country?A. RaceB. ViolenceC. ReligionD. Nationality59.The IOC allowed a team of refugees to compete in the Olympic Games in order to ________A. help the refugees to fulfill their dreams of winning the Olympic gold medalB. offer the refugees a chance to earn bread by themselvesC. light a candle of hope for all the refugees in the worldD. course the darkness of the society by forcing them to pay attention to the life of refugee.(B)As the MOOC craze continues to explode , anyone interested in taking an online course faces a tricky question: Which course to take? Here are five aspects that you should consider before you start.(1) What is your learning style?Many MOOCs are video-based . Other courses use presentation formats . Some also require participation in group work. If you want to stay motivated during your course ,think about how you enjoy learning.Are you a visual learner , preferring to use images to understand a topic? If so , a video-based course will work well for you . If you are a verbal learner who gains new information by speaking and writing , try a text-based course with lots of note-taking .Social learners ,meanwhile , will thrive in forum discussions and project-based assessment.(2) Are you ready to become a full-time student?Be realistic about the time that you can commit to your online studies . Participating in an online course can take as much time and commitment as a class-based program. Check the course requirementsand make a plan around your current schedule.(3) Does the course really meet your needs?Whether you are interested in a professional qualification or want to take a personal development course like yo ga , there is a MOOC for you . It’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of taking lots of free courses in everything that you ever wanted to learn. Before you start a course , think about the end goal . Isthe course aimed at beginners or advanced learners? Why do you need this qualification?(4) Do you need a support group?Some people learn best from seeing how others approach the problem.. If you are such a leaner , you will need to supplement your online lessons with an in-person support group.(5)What kind of certification will you get?Take time to find out what kind of certification is available upon completion of the course , and how you can prove your learning to others ---for example , certificates ,transcripts or digital badges?60.What kind of MOOCs does the author recommend to verbal learners?A. A video-based courseB. A text-based courseC. A forum-based discussionD. A project-based assessment61. What kind of learners need an in-person support group?A. Learners who prefer individual work.B. learners who are in great need of a certificateC. learners who learn best from seeing how others approach the problem.D. learners who are too busy to become a full-time student62. What is the passage mainly about?A. Picking the right MOOCS for youB. Deciding your learning styleC. Taking the right course you needD. Choosing a suitable support group.CPluto-which famously was degraded from a “major planet”in 2006--- captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote of our solar system .Pluto’s underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so appealing . Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas far boy who built telescopes out spare auto parts , old farm equipment and self-ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Obsevatory in Flagstaff , Arizona , Tombaugh’s task was to search among millions of stars for a moving point of light , a planet that the observatory’s founders thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune . After years ‘ efforts , Tombaugh finally found it . Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American , and represented a moment of light in the darkness of the Great Depression.For decades , Pluto thrived in its role as the ninth major planet of our solar system ,even though it was tiny compared to the others and so far away.However , 62 years after its discovery , two astronomers discovered another planet-like object beyond the orbit of Neptune. Six months later ,they discovered a third object. It looked like Pluto might actually be a member of a sort of asteroid belt , similar to but way beyond one we’ve known about for a long time between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.Another 14 years passed , dozens more objects beyond Neptune like Pluto had been discovered , so the International Astronomical Union elected to degrade the planet. It now shares its dwarf designation with three of the 1,200 bodies that have been located beyond Neptune today , collectively know n as “Kuiper Belt Objects.”The Kuiper Belt is populated by icy bodies that are remnants of the solar system’s formation. These are the building blocksof planets. We now also know the surface of Pluto contains ices composed of methane, nitrogen, and other compounds familiar to us . It also seems to have a bright polar cap, like on earth . Its atmosphere is very thin, but it’s composed largely of nitrogen , like our own.So, as we finally get within 7,800 miles of Pluto today , we scientists are hoping we can finally understand how the chaos at the beginning of the solar system, could have created objects so similar and yet so foreign as Earth and Pluto. Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own----that the sky isn’t the limit at all. We don’t know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get out there to look.63. Pluto was discovered by Clyde T ombaugh in ________A. 1930B.1939C. 1992D. 200664. Now the official designation of Pluto is __________A. Asteroid BeltB. Kuiper BeltC. Major PlanetD. Dwarf Planet65.Pluto and Earth are to some extent similar for_______A. both of them are populated by i cy bodies that are remnants of the solar system’s format ion 4.6 billion years ago.B. the atmosphere of either of them is mainly made up of nitrogen.C. there are ices throughout the surface of bothD . both of them have bright polar caps on the north pole as well as the south pole.66.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. There are nine major planets in the solar system .B. There is an asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.C. Pluto now shares its designation with 1,200 bodies that have been beyond Neptune.D. Clyde T ombaugh discovered Pluto with the telescope out spare auto parts, old equipment and self-ground lenses.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization . It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities . To do so , it should help underst and why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer . __________________________For example , people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness , to expand their range of experiences , and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate . To select volunteers , you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so . To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately , these programs can shift people’s wish of participating from aninternal factor(e.g.,’I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor(e.g., ‘ I volunteer because I’m required to do so .”) . When that happens people become less likely to volunteer in the future._______________________Once people begin to volunteer ,what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question , researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. Forinstance , one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year . One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.__________ the researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.”Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an imp ortant social role.______________ . Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “V olunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am .” “ Consistent with the researchers “ expectations, they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results , once again , lead to concrete advice:” Once an individual begins volunteering ,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity -------- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contribution can help strengthen role identity.”A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements and internal needs.B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a mustC. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be likely to continue volunteer work.D. Individual differences in role identity is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E. Although this result may not surprise you ,it leads to important practical advice.F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.Section DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.In the United States alone , over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phone are part of a a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver . A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste , the concentration (含氟) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals . Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metalsremoved , the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries , in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more materials, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products . Consider again the cell-phone , and imagine the mines that produced those metals , the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in . Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most wast is dangerous in that “ the production , distribution , and use of products ------as well asd management of the resulting waste-----all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start ---- for instance , buying reusable products and recycling In many countries the concept of the extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive（动机）for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products , would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money . Why , they ask , should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments’ point of view , a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.第Ⅱ卷.( 第1-2句每句3分，第3句4分；第4句5分，共15分)Translation1. 大家都认可，快乐是一个旅程，而非目的地。