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CHAPTER 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS1.1 Principal ComponentsToday's average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipment.1.2 EngineThe engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: thisobtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine :gasoline(also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel(also called a compression-ignition engine).Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission.1.3 BodyAn automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.1.4 ChassisThe chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating part of a vehicle. The chassis includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems.Transmission systems ― conveys the drive to the wheels. The main components are clutch, gearbox, driveshaft, final drive, and differential.Suspension― absorbs the road shocks.Steering― controls the direction of the movement.Brake― slows down the vehicle.1.5 Electrical EquipmentThe electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit. This circuit consists of the battery, alternator (or generator). The battery stores electricity. The alternator changes the engine's mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery.New WordsPrincipal component 主要部件category 种类，类型body 车身chassis 底盘layout 布置power unit 动力装置internal combustion engine 燃机cylinder 汽缸gasoline 汽油spark 火花ignition 点燃，点火diesel 柴油机compression 压缩shaft 轴transmission 传动系sheet metal 金属板shell 外壳hood （发动机）罩trunk deck 行舱盖cargo 货物styling 样式assembly 总成，装配suspension 悬挂，悬置shock 冲击steering 转向，操纵brake 刹车，制动器clutch 离合器gearbox 变速器driveshaft 传动轴final drive 主减速器，后桥differential 差速器slow down （使）慢下来，减速horn 喇叭starter 起动机charge 充电alternator 交流发电机Review Questions1.List the main parts of an automobile?2.What are the common types of a vehicle according to body styling?3.Which systems does a chassis include and what are the main functions of thechassis?4.Why are suspension systems used on vehicles?CHAPTER2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE2.1 principle of operation2.1.1 Engine and powerEngine is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted toheat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. If engine combustion occurs with the power chamber. ,the engine is called internal combustion engine. If combustion takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine.Engine used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power.2.1.2 Engine TermsLinking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke “uses up” the gas , so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture :this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves ;an inlet valve allows the new mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job. Engine terms are :TDC(Top Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft.BDC(Bottom Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft.Stroke : the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft.Bore : the internal diameter of the cylinder.Swept volume : the volume between TDC and BDC.Engine capacity : this is the swept volume of all the cylinder e.g. a four-stroke having a capacity of two liters(2000cm) has a cylinder swept volume of 50cm. Clearance volume: the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. Compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)\(clearance vol)Two-stroke : a power stroke every revolution of the crank.Four-stroke : a power stroke every other revolution of the crank..2.1.3 The Four-stroke Spark-ignition Engine CycleThe spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition , which converts the energy contained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft.The operating strokes are :This stroke introduces a mixture of atomized gasoline and air into the cylinder. The stroke starts when the piston moves downward from a position near the top of the cylinder. As the piston moves downward, a vacuum, or low-pressure area, is created.During the intake stroke, one of the ports is opened by moving the inlet valve. The exhaust valve remains tightly closed.Compression strokeAs the piston moves upward to compress the fuel mixture trapped in the cylinder, the valves are closed tightly. This compression action heats the air/fuel mixture slightly and confines it within a small area called the combustion chamber.Power strokeJust before the piston reaches the top of its compression stroke, an electrical spark is introduced from a spark plug screwed into the cylinder head.The spark ignites the compressed, heated mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber to cause rapid burning. The burning fuel produces intense heat that causes rapid expansion of the gases compressed within the cylinder. This pressure forces the piston downward. The downward stroke turns the crankshaft with great force.Exhaust strokeJust before the bottom of the power stroke, the exhaust valve opens. This allows the piston, as it moves upward, to push the hot, burned gases out through the open exhaust valve.Then, just before the piston reaches its highest point, the exhaust valve closes and the inlet valve opens. As the piston reaches the highest point in the cylinder, known as TDC, it starts back down again. Thus, one cycle ends and another begins immediately.2.1.4 Engine Overall MechanicsThe engine has hundreds of other parts . The major parts of engine are engine block , engine heads, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and valves. The other parts are joined to make systems. These systems are the fuel system, intakesystem, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system and exhaust system. Each of these systems has a definite function. These systems will discussed in detail later.NEW WORDPiston 活塞Connecting rod 连杆Crankshaft 曲轴Power stoke 活塞行程Expel 排出Valve 气阀inlet(intake) valve 进气阀exhaust valve 排气阀term 术语TDC 上止点BDC 下止点Bore 缸径swept volume 有效容积engine capacity 发动机排量clearance volume 余隙容积,燃烧室容积compression ratio 压缩比revolution 旋转,转数every other 每隔一个cycle 循环spread over 分布,遍及intake stroke 进气行程compression stroke 压缩行程knock 敲缸,敲打exhaust stroke 排气行程engine block 发动机缸体lubrication 润滑2.2 Engine Block and Cylinder Head2.2.1 Engine BlockThe engine block is the basic frame of the engine. All other engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It holds the cylinders, water jackets, and oil galleries. The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fastens to the bottom of the block. The camshaft also fits inside the block, except on overhead-cam engines (OHC). In most cars, this block is made of gray iron, or an alloy (mixture) of gray iron and other metals, such as nickel or chromium. Engine blocks are castings.Some engine blocks, especially those in smaller cars, are made of cast aluminum. This metal is much lighter than iron. However, iron wears better than aluminum. Therefore, the cylinders in most aluminum engines are lined with iron or steel sleeves. These sleeves are called cylinder sleeves. Some engine blocks are made entirely of aluminum.2.2.2 Cylinder HeadThe cylinder head fastens to the top of the block, just as a roof fits over a house. The underside forms the combustion chamber with the top of the piston. The most common cylinder head types are the hemi, wedge, and semi-hemi. All three of these terms refer to the shape of the engine's combustion chamber. The cylinder head carries the valves, valve springs and the rockers on the rocker shaft, this part of the valve gear being worked by the push-rods. Sometimes the camshaft is fitted directly into the cylinder head and operates on the valves without rockers. This is called an overhead camshaft arrangement. Like the cylinder block, the head is made from either cast iron or aluminum alloy.2.2.3 GasketThe cylinder head is attached to the block with high-tensile steel studs. The joint between the block and the head must be gas-tight so that none of the burning mixture can escape. This is achieved by using cylinder head gasket. This is a sandwich gasket, i.e. a sheet of asbestos between two sheets of copper, both these materials being able to withstand the high temperature and pressures within the engine.2.2.4 Oil Pan or SumpThe oil pan is usually formed of pressed steel. The oil pan and the lower part of the cylinder block together are called the crankcase; they enclose, or encase, the crankshaft. The oil pumpin the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus, there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine.New Wordsengine block 缸体cylinder head 气缸盖fasten 使固定water jacket 水套oil gallery 油道camshaft 凸轮轴overhead-cam(OHC) 顶置凸轮gray iron 灰铸铁alloy 合金nickel 镍chromium 铬casting 铸件head cover 汽缸盖罩intake manifold 进气总管distributor 分电器oil pan 油底壳aluminum 铝be lined with 镶有cylinder sleeve 气缸套hemi 半球形wedge 楔型，楔入semi-hemi 准半球形rocker 摇臂push-rod 推杆gasket 衬垫high-tensile 高强度的stud 螺栓gas-tight 密封的asbestos 石棉crankcase 曲轴箱，曲柄箱encase 封闭，把…包起来drain off 排出，流出Review Question1.What do TDC, BDC, stroke, compression ratio and engine capacitystand for?2.How do you calculate swept volume and compression ratio?3.What controls the length of the stroke?4.List the main parts of the engine overall mechanics?5.What are the main function of the engine block?2.3 Piston Connecting Rod and Crankshaft2.3.1 Piston AssemblyThe piston is an important part of a four-stroke cycle engine. Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston , through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force create by the burning fuel mixture. This force turns the crankshaft .Thin, circular , steel bands fit into grooves around the piston to seal the bottom of the combustion chamber. These bands are called piston rings. The grooves into which they fit are called ring grooves. A piston pin fits into a round hole in the piston . The piston pin joins the piston to the connecting rod . The thick part of the piston that holds the piston is the pin boss.The piston itself , its rings and the piston pin are together called the piston assembly.2.3.2.PistonTo withstand the heat of the combustion chamber, the piston must be strong. It also must be light, since it travels at high speeds as it moves up and down inside the cylinder. The piston is hollow. It is thick at the top where it take the brunt of the heat and the expansion force. It is thin at the bottom, where there is less heat. The top part of the piston is the head , or crown . The thin part is the skirt The sections between the ring grooves are called ring lands.The piston crown may be flat , concave ,dome or recessed . In diesel engine , the combustion chamber may be formed totally or in part in the piston crown , depending on the method of injection . So they use pistons with different shapes.2.3.3Piston RingsAs Fig.2-9 shows , piston rings fit into ring grooves near the of the piston. In simplest terms, piston rings are thin, circular pieces of metal that fit into grooves in the tops of the pistons.In modern engines ,each piston has three rings. (Piston in older engines sometimes had four rings, or even five.) The ring’s outside surface presses against the cylinder walls. Rings provide the needed seal between the piston and the cylinder walls. That is, only the ringscontact the cylinder walls. The top two rings are to keep the gases in the cylinder and are called compression rings. The lower one prevents the oil splashed onto the cylinder bore from entering the combustion chamber , and is called an oil ring. Chrome-face cast-iron compression rings are commonly used in automobile engines. The chrome face provide a very smooth , wear-resistant surface.During the power stoke , combustion pressure on the combustion rings is very high. It causes them to untwist . Some of the high-pressure gas gets in back of the rings. This force the ring face into full contact with the cylinder wall. The combustion pressure also holds the bottom of the ring tightly against the bottom of the ring groove. Therefore , high combustion pressure causes a tighter seal between the ring face and the cylinder wall.2.3.4 Piston PinThe piston pin holds together the piston and the connecting rod . This pin fits into the piston pin holes and into a hole in the top end ofthe connecting rod. The top end of is much smaller than the end that fits on the crankshaft . This small end fits inside the bottom of the piston . The piston pin fits through one side of the piston , through the small end of the rod , and then through the other side of the piston . It holds the rod firmly in place in the center of the piston. Pins are made of high-strengh steel and have a hollow center . Many pins are chrome-plated to help them wear better.2.3.3 Connecting rodThe connecting rod is made of forged high-strength steel . It transmits and motion from the piston to the crankpin on the crankshaft . The connecting rod little end is connected to the piston pin . A bush made from a soft metal , such as bronze , is used for this joint . The lower endof the connecting rod fits the crankshaftjournal . This is called the big end . For thisbig-end bearing , steel-backed lead or tinshell bearing are used . These are the sameas those used for the main bearings . Thesplit of the big end is sometimes at anangle , so that it is small enough to bewithdrawn through the cylinder bore . The connecting rod is made from forged alloy steel .2.3.5 CrankshaftThe crankshaft , in conjunction with the connecting rod , coverts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion needed to drive the vehicle . It is usually made from carbon steel which is alloyed with a small proportion of nickel .The main bearing journals fit into the cylinder block and the big end journals align with the connecting rods .At the rear end of the crankshaft is attached the flywheel , and at the front end are the driving whells for the timing gears , fan , cooling water and alternator .The throw of the crankshaft , the distance between the main journal and the big end centers , controls the length of the stroke . The stroke is double the throw , and the stroke-length is the distance that the piston travels from TDC to BDC and vice versa .2.3.6 FlywheelThe flywheel is the made from carbon steel . It fit s onto the rear of the crankshaft . As well as keeping the engine rotating between power strokes it also carries the clutch , which transmits the drive to thetransmission , and has the starter ring gear around its circumference . There is only one working stroke in four so a flywheel is needed to drive the crankshaft during the time that the engine is performing the non-power strokes .New WordsComprise 由。
汽车行业英语与部件结构图1 ACC activated carbon canister 活性碳罐2 ACI automatic car identification system 汽车自动识别系统3 air cushion car 气垫车4 air-cooled car 空气冷却式汽车,空冷式车辆,空冷式轿车(装用空冷式发动机的轿车)5 APC aperture card 穿孔卡片6 ASU automatic interference suppression for car radios suppresses ignition noise in the FM band 调频干扰自动抑制,在汽车收音机中附加入此电路即可抑制高压点火(噪音)的干扰7 baby car 微型轿车,超微型轿车(美俚语,=mini car,cycle car,midget car);婴儿小车8 backfiring in carburetor 化油器回火(=explosion in the carburetor)9 baggage car 行李车10 brake shoe carrier 制动蹄座11 brush carrier 刷架12 C&M care and maintenance 维修及保养13 C.CARB conventional carburetor 常规化油器14 C.P. car park (停)车场15 C/O carry over 携带16 cable-testing car 电缆检查车17 car aerial 汽车天线(=automobile aerial)18 Car Alarm theft-deterrent system 汽车防窃警报系统19 car antenna 车上天线,车载天线,汽车天线20 car body 轿车车身21 car mechanic 汽车维修工,机动车维修工22 car navigation computer 车用导航计算机,车用导行计算机23 car park 停车场,停车处24 car waiting to repair 待修汽车25 car wander 汽车蛇行26 car wash 洗车台,汽车清洗站27 car wash trade 洗车业28 car washer 洗车设备,洗车机;街道清洗机29 car washing department 洗车工间,车辆清洗工间30 car washing installation 洗衣装置,洗车设备31 car washing installation 洗衣装置,洗车设备32 car washing machine 洗车机33 car with elevator 带升降机车辆,升降机汽车34 car with four independent wheels 四轮独立悬架式轿车35 carb 化油器,汽化器(carburator的简称)36 CARB 1.化油器(carburettor) 2.碳化,渗碳(carbonization)37 carb adjustment 化油器调准,化油器调节38 CARB California Air Resources Board 加里福尼亚大气资源局39 CARB carburetor 化油器,汽化器40 carboard 纸板,硬纸板41 carbon 碳(代号C);碳棒,电刷,石墨,积炭,积碳层42 carbon electrode 碳棒,碳电极43 carbon monoxide 一氧化碳(CO)44 carbonization test (润滑油)积炭试验45 CARE corporate average regulated emission 公司规定的平均有害物排放量46 CARP cooperate automotive research program 汽车合作研究程序47 CARR carriage 车溜板48 CARR carrier 运载工具,载体49 carriage 车辆,车架,支架,托架;(机床的)拖板;机器的滑动部分;底座,底盘;承重装置,承载器;运输,运费50 carriage body 车身51 CARS computer aided routing system 计算机辅助(运输网络中)选线系统52 CART carton 卡片纸53 cartridge 管壳,盒;卡盘,夹头;座;套筒;衬套(过滤器的)芯子;(照像)胶卷;支架54 cartridge fuse 熔断丝管,熔断丝55 cartridge paper 画图纸,图画纸56 CAT carburetor air temperature 化油器空气温度57 CFC chlorofluorocarbons 含氯氟烃(氟属致冷剂)58 CFRC carbon fiber friction material 碳纤维摩擦材料59 CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic 碳纤维强化塑料60 CL car load 车辆载负61 CLCC closed loop carburetor control 闭环化油器控制62 CO carbon monoxide 一氧化碳63 CO2 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳64 COEI carbon-monoxide emission index 一氧化碳排放指数65 COF container-on-flt car 平板车装运集装法,集装箱在平板货车上的运输方法66 convertible car 活顶篷轿车67 COTY car of year 当年(流行)的汽车,年款汽车68 CP car post 停车场69 CPT carpet 地毯70 CR carriage return 回车71 CUCV commercial utility cargo vehicle 商用,轻型,多用途载货汽车72 DCCSC divided-chamber carbureted stratified-charge engine 分隔式燃烧室混合气层状充气发动机73 diaphragm carburettor 膜片式化油器74 diesel-engined passenger car 柴油(发动)机客车,柴油机轿车75 differential carrier 差速器壳(=differential case,differential housing) 76 dismantling from car to units 汽车拆成部件,汽车拆成总成77 drill carriage 钻轴滑座78 ECC electronically controlled carburetor 电子控制的化油器79 ECC-CU (control unit) electronically controlled carburetor control unit 电子控制的化油器控制装置80 EFC electronic fecdback carburetor 电子反馈式控制化油器(电脑根据排气管中O2传感器信号,自动调节空燃比)81 EFC electronic fuel controlled carburetor 电子燃油控制化油器82 EIC carbon emission index 碳排放量指数83 electronically controlled carburetor 电脑控制化油器,电子控制式化油器(简称ECC) 84 electronically controlled carburetor-control unit 电子控制式化油器的电子控制器(简称ECC-Control unit)85 emissions carburetor 防污染化油器86 enclosed cardan shaft 封闭式传动轴(=encased propeller shaft)87 EOHC engine-out hydrocarbon 发动机排出的碳氢化合物88 explosion in carburetor 化油器回火(放炮)89 explosion in the carburettor 化油器回火(=backfiring in carburetor,blowback,popping back)90 exposed cardan shaft 开式万向传动轴;开式甲唐轴91 fast back car 斜背式轿车92 FBC feedback carburetor 反馈控制式化油器93 float carburettor 浮子式化油器94 float of carburettor 化油器,浮子95 forecarriage (挂车)前转向架96 four door convertible car 四门车篷可折叠式轿车97 four-tire car 四轮胎轿车(指使用被尖物刺穿或放炮漏气后仍能继续行驶的轮胎,因而不再需要备用胎的的汽车)98 front-wheel-drive car 前轮驱动轿车(简称f-w-d car)99 fuel-cell car 燃料电池(驱动的)轿车(1996年5月14日,由Mercedes-Benz公司在柏林展出世界上第一辆氢燃料电池轿车,系将甲醇在车上通过一个专门的反应器,产生H2和CO2,接着将H2导入一个聚合物电池,在触媒的作用下,与空气反应,产生H2O和电流,用电流驱动车辆) 100 f-w-d car 前轮驱动轿车(front-wheel drive car)101 general purpose car 万能车,万用车,多用途车,多功能轿车(如全轮驱动的北京切诺基轿车)102 GPC glass carbonate composite 玻璃聚碳酸酯复合材料103 GT grade touring car 跑车104 GT grand touring car 豪华高速旅游车105 H/C fuel hydrogen/carbon ratio 燃油中(烃的)氢碳比106 H/C hydrogen/carbon (烃的)氢碳比107 HC hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物108 H-Carb Hitachi 2Bbl carburetor (日本Hitachi)两腔化油器109 HCEI hydrocarbon emission index 碳氢化合物排放指数110 HCS high carbon steel 高碳钢111 HCSHT high carbon steel heat treated 热处理过的高碳钢112 HPSiC hot-pressed silicon carbide 热压碳化硅113 IFC carb integrated fuel control carburetor 综合控制供油化油器114 implement carrier 机具运载装置,通用机架115 instrument carrier panel 仪表板(=instrument board)116 instrument carrier plate 仪表板(=instrument board)117 insulating carton 绝缘纸板118 intelligent car 智能化汽车,无人驾驶汽车,智能轿车(指运用计算机技术、电子技术、信息技术,使汽车能以最佳路线,最佳工况行驶,且能在自动公路上无人驾驶,自动行驶)119 intercar radio 汽车之间的无线电通讯装置,车间无线电通讯装置120 ISCO indicated specific carbon monoxide 指示马力一氧化碳排放率(量)121 ITC international touring car championship 国际旅游(游览)轿车冠军122 jet carburetor 喷雾式化油器123 KDC knock down car 就地装配的汽车,当地组装的汽车124 KDCL knock down in carloads (货物)以散装状态装车125 laggage carrier (车内)行李架,行李搬运车(=bag-gage carrier)126 lamp carrier 灯座127 LCL less-than-carload 零担的(货运) 128 lining of car 车身衬里129 load-carrying 承载负荷的,承载的,承重的130 long base car 长轴距轿车131 luggage carrier 行李箱,行李架132 luggage carrier extension (汽车)行李架的延长部分133 luggage carrying capacity 行包承载能力,行李容量(=luggage capacity)134 M.CARB modified carburetor 改进的化油器135 main carburettor 主化油器136 microprocessor controlled car 微机控制轿车(一般指微机控制点火、喷油、变速的轿车) 137 motor car mechanic(ian) 轿车技工,轿车技师,轿车机械技术员(=automobile mechanic) 138 motorcar headlamp 汽车前照灯(=automobile headlamp)139 motorcar horn 汽车喇叭,轿车用喇叭140 motorcar owner 轿车车主141 motorcar radio set 汽车收音机(亦称motorcar set)142 motorcar repair shop 汽车修理场,轿车修理车间,轿车检修站143 motorcar rim 小汽车轮辋,轿车轮辋144 motorcar set 轿车收音机(=autoradio,automobile radio set,car radio receiver,car radio set,automobilereceiver)145 mounted load carrier 悬挂式装载车146 multicylinder car 多缸发动机汽车147 multi-nozzle carburetor 多喷油嘴式化油器(指化油器除主喷油嘴外,还有辅助喷油嘴,以适应高速、加速等工况用)148 multi-throat carburetor 多腔化油器(=multibarrel,carburetor)149 NFB non feedback carburetor 无反馈式化油器150 Nissan Bluebird car 日产鸟蓝轿车(日本)日产公司1992年推出两种不同车身的蓝鸟轿车ARX-G,SSS-G,装用4缸发动机,排量2000ml,最大功率107kw,前轮驱动,可在挡风玻璃左上角显示行车速度及有关安全行车的指示)151 Nissan Figaro car 日产费加罗轿车(日本日产公司1991年推出的微型轿车.装用SOHC涡轮增压发动机,排量387ml,最大功率56kW,自动变速,可折叠式软车顶)152 NMHC non-methane hydrocarbon(emission) 不含甲烷的碳氢化合物(排放)153 oil pump carrier 油泵泵壳,油泵托架,油泵小车154 one way car 一次性轿车,便宜轿车,低级轿车155 orthodox car 传统汽车,正统汽车,普通汽车,一般汽车156 PAH poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (发动机的)多环芳香族碳氢化合物(排放物)157 PAH poly-aromatic hydrocarbon (发动机的)芳烃碳氢化合物(排放物)158 passenger(-car)rim 轿车轮辋159 passenger-car chassis 轿车底盘160 passenger-carrying chassis 客车底盘(一般指大客车底盘)161 PC polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯162 PCAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 多环芳香族碳氢化合物163 petrol-electric car 汽油-电动车辆164 PGM-CARB programmed carburetor 可编程的化油器,电脑控制化油器165 piston ring carrier 活塞环槽镶座(=ring carrier)166 planet carrier 行星齿轮架,行星架167 planet wheel carrier 行星齿轮轴架168 planetary gear carrier 行星齿轮架169 planetary pinion carrier (行星齿轮机构的)行星架(=planet carrier)170 popping in carburettor 化油器放炮,化油器回火(back firing in carburettor,popping-back)171 posh car 最漂亮的轿车(英俚),豪华轿车172 premier car company 第一流的轿车公司,名列前矛的汽车公司173 primary carburetor 初级化油器,一级化油器(除高速、大负荷下使用二级化油器外,其他常用工况都使用一级化油器,亦称primary side) 174 RC power car rotary combustion power car 转子发动机汽车175 rear-engine car 后置发动机轿车,发动机后置式汽车176 rear-steering car 后轮转向车177 remoulded car 改造的汽车;改装的汽车;改型汽车178 right hand control car 右转向盘车辆,右座驾驶车辆(用于靠左行驶的国家,=righthand drive car)179 ring groove carbon remover 活塞环槽积炭清除工具180 roof stick carline (木制厢式货车车身的)横顶梁,拱梁181 safety car 安全汽车(指碰撞时,乘员不致遭受重大伤害的轿车,目前处于试验阶段)182 saloon car 普通轿车(双排座轿车,驾驶员座与乘客间无隔板,=closed car,简称saloon,美国称sedan)183 scraped car 报废汽车,废车184 seal cartridge 密封衬套185 secondary carburetor 次级化油器,二级化油器(在高速、大负荷下使用的双级化油器的第二级,亦称secondary side)186 sedan car 轿式小客车,轿车187 semitrailer pole carriage 杆式半挂车188 SHF synthesized hydrocarbon fluid 合成烃润滑189 sightseeing car 游览客车,观光汽车190 SISIC silicon carbide reaction-sintered 反应烧结碳化硅191 solar car 太阳能汽车,太阳能轿车(=solar powered car)192 sonic-nozzle carburetor 声速喷嘴化油器193 spare wheel carrier 备胎架194 special passenger car 特种轿车(特种用途的轿车,如检阅车,指挥车)195 spring carrier 钢板弹簧支架196 spring carrier arm 弹簧托架197 SSIC silicon carbide pressureless-sintered 不加压烧结碳化硅198 steam-powered car 蒸汽动力汽车,蒸汽机汽车199 steam-powered motor-car 蒸汽动力汽车,蒸汽机汽车200 straight-eight car 直列八缸发动机汽车201 streamlined car 流线型汽车202 streetcar detector 有轨电车探测器203 SU carburetor,skinner union SU化油器204 subcarrier 副载波205 subcompact car 普通级轿车,小型轿车,(发动机排量大于IL且小于或等于1,6L)206 super car 超级车,超级汽车(特指使用高级汽油的高压缩比发动机的轿车)207 supercarburize 使混合气过渡208 supercharged car (废气涡轮)增压式汽车209 SV-CBV solenoid valve carburetor bowl vent 化油器浮子室通风电磁阀210 televsion car 电视车211 THC total hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物总量(排放物中)212 tilt car 前翻式驾驶室(tilting cab) 213 tow car 牵引车,拖车;拖走故障车的救援车(=tow truck)214 TPHC tail pipe hydrocarbon 排气尾管碳氢化合物215 track carrying wheel (履带行走装置)托链轮(=carrying wheel,upper track wheel) 216 track scarifier 轮迹消除器,轮辙扒松器217 tracked cars 履带车,履带式车辆218 trunk carrier 行李舱支架,行李搬运车219 twin-choke carburetor 双风门化油器,双阻风门化油器220 two jet carburetor 双喷嘴化油器221 two-door car 双门轿车,两门轿车(左右两侧各一个车门)222 UBHC unburned hydrocarbons (发动机中)未燃尽的碳氢化合物223 under carriage 底架,脚架;起落架,下支架,(车辆的)行走部分(机构)224 unitized car 承载式车身轿车,整体式车身轿车(=frameless car,stressed-skin car,unitary car,single unit car,monocoque car)225 unitized carrier-type axle housing 整体式桥壳(将减速器壳与轴壳的中间部分铸成一体,两端压入无缝钢管后,用塞焊将其与中间部分焊接在一起)226 USE universal small car engine 通用小型车用发动机227 vaporizing carburet(t)or 蒸发式化油器,汽化式化油器228 variable-area carburetor 活动喉管化油器,可变喉管断面化油器(=variable-venturi carburetor)229 variable-choke carburetor 可变喉管化油器(variable-venturi carburetor)230 variable-stability car (专供试验用的)稳定性可变的轿车231 variable-venturi carburetor 可变喉管化油器,活动喉管化油器232 VCC variable characteristic car 可变特性轿车233 VRC variable research car 多变型车234 VTV variable-venturi(carburetor) 可变喉管(化油器)235 VV variable-venturi(carburetor) 可变喉管(化油器)236 WC with care 小心(货运包装标志)237 weight of car 车重(缩写WOC)238 wireless car 带无线电装置的汽车239 WOC weight of car 车重240 WORKCAP working capacity of activated carbon (吸收汽油蒸汽的)活性碳工作容量241 WTCARB weight of activated carbon required 活性碳需求量。
车辆工程汽车系统英文大全预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制汽车系统英文大全AAFS:自适应照明系统(主动前轮转向系统AYC:主动偏航控制系统(主动横摆控制系统ASC:主动式稳定控制系统自动稳定与牵引力控制车轮打滑控制ABS:防抱死制动系统ASR:防滑系统ASL:音量自动调节系统(排档自动锁定装置AUX:音频输入端口ADS:自适应减振系统ACC:自适应巡航控制系统车距感应式定速巡航控制系统AWD:全时四轮驱动系统ACD:主动中央差速器AMT:电子自动变速箱(电控机械式自动变速器All-Speed TCS:全速段牵引力控制系统ACIS:电子控制进气流程系统丰田可变进气歧管系统ABD:自动制动差速系统AGF:亚洲吉利方程式国际公开赛AUTO:自动切换四驱ASC+T:自动稳定与牵引力控制系统ABC:主动车身控制AXCR:亚洲越野拉力赛ARP:主动防侧翻保护AFM:动态燃油管理系统APEAL:新车满意度中国汽车性能、运行与设计调研AT:自动变速器Asian festival of speed:亚洲赛车节AOD:电子控制按需传动装置AACN:全自动撞车通报系统ARTS:智能安全气囊系统AWS:后撞头颈保护系统AIAC:奥迪国际广告大赛AVS:适应式可变悬架系统Audi AAA:奥迪认证轿车ATA:防盗警报系统ALS:自动车身平衡系统ARS:防滑系统ASPS:防潜滑保护系统ASS:自适应座椅系统AQS:空气质量系统AVCS:主动气门控制系统ASF:奥迪全铝车身框架结构A-TRC:主动牵引力控制系统AHC:油压式自动车高调整AMG:快速换档自动变速箱AHS2:“双模”完全混合动力系统AI:人工智能换档控制APRC:亚太汽车拉力锦标赛ARTS:自适应限制保护技术系统ACU:安全气囊系统控制单元AP:恒时全轮驱动AZ:接通式全轮驱动ASM:动态稳定系统AS:转向臂APC:预喷量控制Active Light Function:主动灯光功能ACE:高级兼容性设计Audi Space Frame:奥迪全铝车身技术AWC:全轮控制系统ASTC:主动式稳定性与牵引力控制系统BBA:紧急制动辅助系统BEST:欧盟生物乙醇推广项目Brake Energy Regeneration制动能量回收系统BLIS:盲区信息系统BAS:制动助力辅助装置BRIDGESTONE:普利司通轮胎Biometric immobilizer:生物防盗系统BCI:蓄电池国际协会国际电池大会BAR:大气压BDC:下止点BBDC:北京奔驰-戴克汽车新工厂B:水平对置式排列多缸发动机BF:钢板弹簧悬架BCM:车身控制模块BCS:博世汽车专业维修网络BMBS:爆胎监测与制动系统BFCEC:北京福田康明斯发动机有限公司CCCS:智能定速巡航控制系统CSI:中国售后服务满意度调研CVVT:连续可调气门正时CVT:无级变速器CZIP:清洁区域内部组件CCC:全国汽车场地锦标赛CVTC:连续可变气门正时机构,连续可变配气正CHAC:本田汽车(中国)有限公司CAE:电脑辅助工程CAM:电脑辅助制造CBC:弯道制动控制系统转弯防滑系统CNG:压缩天然气CSC:全国汽车超级短道拉力赛CDC:连续减振控制C-NCAP:中国新车评价规程CTIS:悍马中央轮胎充气系统C1:超级赛车劲爆秀CCA:冷启动电池CRDI:电控直喷共轨柴油机\\高压共轨柴油直喷系统CFK:碳纤维合成材料Child Protection:儿童保护CPU:微处理器CZ3:3门轿车C3P技术:整合电脑、辅助设计、工程、制造数据库技术CATS:连续调整循迹系统CRV:紧凑休闲车CUV:杂交车CZT:增压车型CTS:水温传感器CKP:曲轴位置传感器CC:巡航系统CFD:计算流力仿真CRC:全国汽车拉力锦标赛Cuprobraze Alliance:铜硬钎焊技术联盟Cuprobraze Technology:铜硬钎焊技术CCD:连续控制阻尼系统Curb weight:汽车整备质量Cross weight:汽车总质量CKD:进口散件组装DDSC:动态稳定控制系统DSP :动态换档程序DSTC:动态稳定与牵引力控制系统动态循迹稳定控制系统DOHC:双顶置凸轮轴DSG:双离合无级变速箱直接档位变速器DCS:动态稳定系统DUNLOP:邓禄普轮胎DBW:电子油门DSR:下坡速度控制系统DATC:数位式防盗控制系统DLS:差速器锁定系统DSA:动态稳定辅助系统DAC:下山辅助系统DDC:动态驾驶控制程序DIS:无分电器点火系统DLI:丰田无分电器点火系统DSC3:第三代动态稳定控制程序DOD:随选排量Dynamic Drive:主动式稳定杆D:共轨柴油发动机DD:缸内直喷式柴油发动机\\缸内直喷式发动机(分层燃烧|均质燃烧)德迪戎式独立悬架后桥DQL:双横向摆臂DB:减振器支柱DS:扭力杆Delphi Common Rail:德尔福柴油共轨系统DTC:动态牵引力控制系统DHS:动态操纵系统DRL:白天行车灯Doppel Vanos:完全可变正时调节DPF:柴油颗粒过滤器EECT-I:智能电子控制自动变速系统ESP:电子稳定系统EBD:电子制动力分配系统EDL:电子差速锁EGR:废弃再循环系统EFI:电子燃油喷射控制系统EVA:紧急制动辅助系统EPS:电子感应式动力转向电控转向助力系统EHPS:电控液压动力转向ECU:电控单元EMS:发动机管理系统ECC:电子气候控制ETCS-I:智能电子节气门控制系统EBA:电控辅助制动系统紧急制动辅助系统ECM:防眩电子内后视镜电子控制组件(模块)EEVC:欧洲车辆安全促进委员会EPAS:电动助力转向EMV:多功能显示操控系统EHPAS:电子液压动力辅助系统ETC:路虎牵引力控制系统动力控制与弥补系统电子节流阀控制系统ELSD:电子限滑差速锁ECVT:无级自动变速器ED:缸内直喷式汽油发动机EM:多点喷射汽油发动机ES:单点喷射汽油发动机ESP Plus:增强型电子稳定程序EPB:标准电子手刹电子停车制动系统ESC:能量吸收式方向盘柱电子动态稳定程序ETS:电子循迹支援系统ECT:电子控制自动变速系统EBD:电子制动力分配系统EHB:电子液压制动装置EGO:排气含氧量EBCM:电子制动控制组件EECS|EEC:电控发动机ESA:电控点火装置ENG:发动机ECS:电子悬架ECO:经济曲线EVM:压力调节电磁阀EVLV:变矩器锁止电磁阀EPDE:流量调节电磁阀ESP Plus:增强型电子稳定程序EDS:电子差速锁ERM:防侧倾系统FFSI:汽油直喷发动机汽油分层直喷技术FBS:衰减制动辅助FPS:防火系统FF:前置前驱Four-C:连续调整底盘概念系统Formula 1:世界一级方程式锦标赛FHI:富士重工FR:前置后驱FFS:福特折叠系统FCV:燃料电池概念车Front Impact :正面碰撞FAP:粒子过滤装置FWD:前驱左右对称驱动总成FRV:多功能休闲车FIA:国际汽联FI:前置纵向发动机FQ:前置横向发动机FB:弹性支柱Full-time ALL:全时四驱GGPS:全球卫星定位系统GOODYEAR:固特异轮胎GT:世界超级跑车锦标赛GDI:汽油直喷GF:橡胶弹簧悬架GLOBAL SMALL STYLISH SALOON:全球小型时尚三厢车HHPS:液压动力转向HBA:可液压制动辅助HDC:坡道缓降控制系统下坡控制系统HRV:两厢掀背休闲车HMI:人机交流系统HSLA:高强度低合金钢HSD:混合动力技术概念HSA:起步辅助装置HUD:抬头显示系统HPI:汽油直喷发动机HAC:上山辅助系统坡道起步控制系统HC:碳氢化合物Haldex:智能四轮全时四驱系统HID:自动开闭双氙气大灯高强度远近光照明大灯HI:后置纵向发动机HQ:后置横向发动机HP:液气悬架阻尼HF:液压悬架Hankook:韩泰轮胎IICC:智能巡航控制系统IAQS:内部空气质量系统IDIS:智能驾驶信息系统I-DSI:双火花塞点火I-VTEC:可变气门配气相位与气门升程电子控制系统Instant Traction:即时牵引控制Intelligent Light System:智能照明系统ITP:智能化热系统IMES:电气系统智能管理IIHS:美国高速公路安全保险协会Intelli Beam:灯光高度自动调节IFC:国际方程式冠军赛IQS:美国新车质量调查IMA:混合动力系统ITS:智能交通系统。
英文中文韩文英文中文韩文 1. Cowl Side Trim 前围侧饰板33. ICS 2. Hood Open Lever 机盖开启拉杆 (Integrated Child Seat)儿童座椅集成 3. LWR C/Pad PNL-LH仪表台左下盖板34. Seat Back Pocket 座椅靠背袋 4. Side S/W Plate 侧开关板35. Cup(Drink) Holder 5. Side Air Vent Nozzle 侧出风口36. Sunglass Case 太阳镜盒 6. Frt Pillar Trim前立柱饰板37. A/T S/Lever Indicator 7. Headliner 顶篷38. Cluster FACIA PNL 仪表面板 8. Sun-Visor遮阳板39. Hood Insulator 机盖隔热垫 9. Reading lamp 阅读灯40. Hood Seal Strip 机盖密封条10. Room Mirror 后视镜41. Hood Stay 机盖撑杆11. Crash Pad 仪表台 42. Trunk Lid Lifter 后车厢制撑杆12. Roof Assist Handle 车顶辅助手把43. Trunk Lid Trim 行李箱盖饰板13. Door Trim 车门装饰板44. Trunk 비상핸들行李箱 14. Door Inner Handle 车门内拉手45. Door Side(Open'g)车门胶条15. Steering Wheel 方向盘 W/Strip 16. Cluster 仪表板46. Quadrant Inner Cover 前内三角盖板17. 다기능 스위치（多功能开关)多功能开关47. Door Body Side 门框胶条 Multifunction SW 组合开关 W/Strip 18. Steering Column转向管柱罩48. D/Trim Grip Handle 门内手柄 Shroud 49. Door Lock P/Window 门锁及电动门窗19. Hazard SW 应急开关Main S/W 主开关20. Center FACIA 中部面板50. Door Scuff Trim-Rr 后门槛饰板21. A/V System A/V 系统51. Child Lock Knob 儿童锁手柄22. Air-Con Control PNL 空调控制板52. Rr Door Delta In Cover 后门内三角盖板23. Power Outlet 电源输出口53. Door Scuff Trim-Frt 前门槛饰板24. CTR Console Cover 中部通道罩54. Door Courtesy Lamp 车门灯25. P/Brake Lever 手制动拉杆55. Safety Knob 安全按钮26. Seat Cushion 坐垫56. Trunk Trim 后车厢内饰57.T/Net 27. Seat Back 座椅靠背58. Navigation Unit Cover 导航器盖28. Glove Box 杂物箱 29. A/T S/Lever(TGS레버)变速拉杆60. CD Changer CD 转换器30. CTR Console Box 中部通道盒61. Reclining Lever 31. Rr Seat Arm Rest 后座椅扶手62. Air Bag Module 安全气囊模块 Rr Seat Cup Holder后座椅杯架63. Ignition SW 点火开关32. ski through Plate 雪橇穿透板36665551155544451119 8 32222112222117 6 5 4 32344443333343241431325655。
