河南省郑州市中牟县第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一下学期第八次限时练语文试题含答案

河南省郑州市中牟一中2019-2020学年高一下学期第八次限时练语文试题一、文化常识及语言表达（40分）1.下面画线词语解释不正确的一项是( ) （2分）A.斧斤以时．．入山林(按照季节)B.五亩之宅，树之以桑(种植)C.谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义(秩序；敬爱兄长)D.谷不可胜食(泛指粮食)2.下列句子中画线的词用法不同于其他三项的是（）（2分）A.斗折蛇行B.箕畚运于渤海之尾C.非能水也，而绝江河D.君子博学而日参省乎己3.下列画线词语含义相同的一组是（）（2分）A.师道之不传也久矣。

六艺经传皆通习之。

B.道之所存，师之所存也。

圣人无常师。

C.吾从而师之。

乃大惊，问所从来。

D.其闻道也亦先乎吾。

余嘉其能行古道。

4.从句式特征看，与“师者，所以传道受业解惑也”一句相同的一项（）A.道之所存，师之所存也B.句读之不知，惑之不解C.不拘于时，学于余D.圣人无常师5.下面加线词语解释不正确的一项是( ) （2分）A.秦无亡矢遗镞之费，而天下诸侯已困矣（遗留）B.蒙故业，因遗策（遗留的）C.是以先帝简拔以遗陛下（给予）D.夜不闭户，路不拾遗（遗失之物）6.下列有关文化常识的表述，不正确的一项是（）（2分）A.剑阁：指今四川剑阁县北的大剑山和小剑山，群峰如剑插天，两山如门，极为险要。

B.总角，古时少儿男未冠、女未笄时的发型。

头发梳成两个发髻，如头顶两角。

后代指少年时代。

C.青衿，是周代读书人的服装。

曹操《短歌行》中指代有学识的人。

D.庠序：古代学校，商（殷）代叫庠，周代叫序。

7.下列有关课内文化常识的的说法，不正确的一项是（）（2分）A.按古代礼仪，在宴席上，宾主之间四面的座位，以背北面南座位最尊，次为南边座位，再次东边座位，最卑西边座位。

B.青衫，青黑色单衣，可指古代学子所穿之服，借指学子、书生，唐朝时职位低的官员所穿青黑色单衣也称为青衫。

C.敕造，指奉皇帝之命建造。

一射之地，就是一箭之地，大约１５０步。

英语试卷第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）(出题人：廖孙莹审题人：李培) 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AEngland has been the birthplace of most of the great English-language theatre written throughout history. Most of the plays in England that are truly famous have something in common. They usually come from a playwright (剧作家) with several famous plays.ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is considered the most famous British playwright. Shakespeare has a large catalogue (目录) of tragedies, comedies and history plays, and each category is home to some of the most famous plays ever written. Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Othello and Julius Caesar are all tragedies and performed in theatres around the world every year. Famous comedies include A Midsummer Night's Dream and Much Ado About Nothing. In the history category, Richard Ⅲ and HenryⅤ are very famous.Oscar Wilde and George Bernard ShawSeveral hundred years after Shakespeare, English people began to enjoy the works of Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw. Wilde's plays are still popular now, and The Importance of Being Earnest is both performed and studied extremely frequently. A Woman of No Importance and An Ideal Husband are among his other famous works. Shaw and Wilde were born within a few years of each other, but Shaw was a much more productive writer. His most famous plays include Pygmalion and Candida. Shaw's plays are loved so much that an entire theatre company is devoted to performing his works in Niagara-on-the-Lake in southern Ontario.Harold PinterThe plays of Harold Pinter certainly have an international presence. His writing was so widely recognized for its importance that he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005. Pinter is especially known for his style of writing. Many of his plays such as Betrayal, The Dumb Waiter and his first play, The Room, are extremely well known.21. The writer wrote this passage to ________．A．advise us to spend more time enjoying playsB．explain why England has so many wonderful playsC．tell us about some famous British playwrights and their worksD．tell us the differences among some British playwrights22. What do the works in the underlined part in Paragraph 2 have in common?A．They are all Shakespeare's early works.B．They are all tragedies written by Shakespeare.C．They are all Shakespeare's famous comedies.D．They all belong to the history category of Shakespeare's plays.23. Which of the following plays were most probably written in the same period of time?A．The Dumb Waiter and A Woman of No Importance.B．RichardⅢ and A Woman of No Importance.C．An Ideal Husband and Candida.D．Candida and Betrayal.BBad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care howyou're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You d on't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The Ne w York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.24．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?A．Daily conversations.B．Research papers.C．Private e-mails. D．News reports.25．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A．They're socially inactive. B．They're inconsiderate of others.C．They're good at telling stories. D．They're careful with their words.26．Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr Berger's research?A．Personal accounts. B．Financial reviews.C．Science articles. D．Sports news.27．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Sad stories actually travel far and wideB．Reading habits change with the timesC．Good news beats bad on social networksD．Online news indeed attracts more peopleCThese days, people who do manual (体力的) work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers” for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the honor of becoming white-collar workers. This can lead to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls (工作服) and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf’s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status (身份；地位) is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him ‘Mr. Bloggs’, not ‘Alf’.28.What does the case of Alfred Bloggs show?A. That people often care more about the status of a job than the income.B. That “white-collar workers” usually wear a suit to go to work.C. That manual workers prefer to keep their jobs a secret.D. That office workers earn less than manual workers.29.What did Alfred Bloggs do for over two years?A. He told his wife he worked for the Corporation, when in fact he did not.B. He dressed himself as a dustman before leaving home every morning.C. He lied to his wife about his job.D. He earned twice as much as a white-collar worker.30.What does Alfred Bloggs think of his new job?A. He feels it is a pity because he now earns less than before.B. He thinks it is worthwhile for his rise in status.C. He is proud because he earns much more than before.D. He is satisfied because he no longer needs a shower before returning home.31.What’s the best title of the passage?A. The Double Life of Alfred Bloggs.B. Money or Status, Which Comes First?C. The Story of Alfred Bloggs, a Dustman.D. Truth Will Come to Light Sooner or Later.DIt’s 2035. You have a job, a family and you’re about 40 years old. Welcome to our future life.Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. “Turn red,” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (智能电子元件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you’re 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people i n your generation may live to be 150 years old. You’re not even middle aged!As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal（谷物）into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn’t eat that,” from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?” A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen cheeks its food supplies.“Ready for your trip to space,” you ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially-trained astronauts went into space---and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawb erries each, you add, “The doctor said you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are athing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines(疫苗). With the strawberries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.It’s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office, autopilot,” you command. Your car drives itself down the road and move smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it.32.What changes the color of your shirt?A. The mirror.B. The shirt itselfC. The counter.D. The medicine.33.How do the shoes know that you shouldn’t eat the breakfast cereal?A. By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.B. By listening to the doctor’s advice.C. By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.D. By checking the nutrition details of the food.34.The strawberries the children eat serve as ______.A. breakfastB. lunchC. vaccinesD. nutrition35.How is the text organized?A. In order of time.B. In order of frequency.C. In order of preference.D. In order of importance.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）（出题人：梁涛审题人：赵聪）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

河南省郑州市中牟县第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一语文下学期期中模拟试题（二）一、现代文阅读（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

（李璐璐）传统表演艺术是我国非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分，同时也是一座蕴藏丰富、有待进一步开发利用的民族民间艺术资源宝库。

经过十几年的努力，一些传统表演艺术项目已走出困境，呈现出新的生机与活力，但仍有一些项目面临着不容忽视的新问题。

传统表演艺术与普通民众生活息息相关，其表演通常具有群体性特征：无论侗族大歌还是壮族山歌，人人都可展示歌喉；无论汉族的秧歌，还是藏民的锅庄，民众欢乐起舞的场面都蔚为大观。

对这类非物质文化遗产的保护就要坚持其生活性、群体性，而不应仅局限在艺术团体或演出队等小范围内。

广大民众为庆贺丰收、祭祖敬神、禳灾祈福而载歌载舞的即兴表演，寄托着他们深沉的精神追求和丰富情感。

使传统表演艺术“雅化”，固然能彰显各类民族民间艺术的特色，但也弱化了传统表演艺术的民俗文化内涵。

当然，各类民间表演艺术经过充分提炼和艺术升华，进而搬上舞台，其成功之作会对此类非物质文化遗产的传播起到促进作用。

如春晚舞台上，藏族舞蹈《飞弦踏春》、蒙古族舞蹈《吉祥颂》等都曾大放异彩。

然而，在对民间表演艺术进行再创作的过程中，有些实施者没有坚持本真性的原则，将一些传统艺术改编得面目全非。

比如，有些人在改造民乐时套用西方音乐编排方式，被改编的作品便失了自身的魂魄。

因此，对民族民间传统艺术进行“二度创作”，应既不失其本真的艺术特性，又科学地融入现代元素，适应民众新的审美需求。

要做到这一点就需要编导们深谙民间表演艺术的特性，并能进行实地调研、采风，挖掘出民间艺术的基本元素与本质精神。

各种传统表演艺术都是在特定时空中呈现的，靠其演出行为形成艺术作品，实现艺术价值。

这类非物质文化遗产的特性决定了应对其实施活态传承与保护，使之以鲜活形态生存于民间。

在非物质文化遗产抢救保护实践中，有些地区视保存为保护，重视硬件设施，各类场馆及专题博物馆建设颇具规模，民间收集来的各种乐器、道具、面具、服装等都得到妥善收藏。

河南省郑州市中牟县第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一历史下学期第八次限时练试题一、选择题（每小题1.5分，共60分）1．学者王家范说，小农经济以一家一户作为最大、也是最小的生产单元，物资再生产与人类自身的再生产合而为一，使得这种生产结构系列简单，具有顽强的自生产自组织的再生机制。

下列各项对此理解正确的是（）A．小农经济因其规模小而十分脆弱B．自给自足的小农经济很难发展为复杂的经济机制C．在落后的生产力条件下小农经济的存在有其合理性D．小农经济有利于物资和人口快速增长2．《诗》云：“如切如磋，如琢如磨。

”朱熹集注：“言治骨角者，既切之而复磋之；治玉石者，既琢之而复磨之；治之已精，而益求其精也。

”这说明，我国古代手工技术（）A．追求工艺生产的标准化 B．重视提高玉器制作的质量C．体现出朴素的工匠精神 D．蕴含学问探讨的求真意旨3．明永乐二年（1404年）五月，琉球山南王派使者到明朝进贡，使者竞私自带着银子到景德镇购买瓷器，按明朝法律应当逮捕问罪，明成祖以“使者不知不允许使者私自贸易的禁令，只知道逐利”而不予追究。

这一事件折射出（）A．朝贡贸易遭到严重破坏 B．明成祖废除了海禁政策C．明朝对外推行睦邻政策 D．明代对外走私贸易猖獗4．唐代刘宴在进行盐法改革时，放弃了官产官销政策，让煮盐民户自行生产并在盐官的监督下出售给盐商；北宋则实行利用商人转运货物到边州或京师，在异地支付给商人盐、茶、钱的“入中制度”。

据此可知，唐宋政府（）A．放弃对盐的专卖权 B．与商人分盐茶之利C．以发展商业为宗旨 D．放弃重农抑商政策5．欧阳修指出：今大率一户之田及百顷者，养客数十家；其间用主牛而出己力者、用己牛而事主田以分利者，不过十余户，其余皆出产租而侨居者曰浮客。

这表明北宋时期（）A．佃户源于破产的自耕农 B．封建租佃关系比较发达C．劳动力商品化程度提高 D．佃户之间产生协作关系6.北宋时期，社会商业信用体系更进一步发展，出现了种类繁多的信用票据和信用货币，主要包括如茶引、盐引等期票类交引和交子、会子、便钱等汇票类兑换券两种类型。

英语试卷第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）(出题人：廖孙莹审题人：李培)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AEngland has been the birthplace of most of the great English-language theatre written throughout history. Most of the plays in England that are truly famous have something in common. They usually come from a playwright (剧作家) with several famous plays.ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is considered the most famous British playwright. Shakespeare has a large catalogue (目录) of tragedies, comedies and history plays, and each category is home to some of the most famous plays ever written. Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Othello and Julius Caesar are all tragedies and performed in theatres around the world every year. Famous comedies include A Midsummer Night's Dream and Much Ado About Nothing. In the history category, Richard Ⅲand HenryⅤare very famous.Oscar Wilde and George Bernard ShawSeveral hundred years after Shakespeare, English people began to enjoy the works of Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw. Wilde's plays are still popular now, and The Importance of Being Earnest is both performed and studied extremely frequently. A Woman of No Importance and An Ideal Husband are among his other famous works. Shaw and Wilde were born within a few years of each other, but Shaw was a much more productive writer. His most famous plays include Pygmalion and Candida. Shaw's plays are loved so much that an entire theatre company is devoted to performing his works in Niagara-on-the-Lake in southern Ontario.Harold PinterThe plays of Harold Pinter certainly have an international presence. His writing was so widely recognized for its importance that he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005. Pinter is especially known for his style of writing. Many of his plays such as Betrayal, The Dumb Waiter and his first play, The Room, are extremely well known.21. The writer wrote this passage to ________．A．advise us to spend more time enjoying playsB．explain why England has so many wonderful playsC．tell us about some famous British playwrights and their worksD．tell us the differences among some British playwrights22. What do the works in the underlined part in Paragraph 2 have in common?A．They are all Shakespeare's early works.B．They are all tragedies written by Shakespeare.C．They are all Shakespeare's famous comedies.D．They all belong to the history category of Shakespeare's plays.23. Which of the following plays were most probably written in the same period of time?A．The Dumb Waiter and A Woman of No Importance.B．RichardⅢ and A Woman of No Importance.C．An Ideal Husband and Candida.D．Candida and Betrayal.BBad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. Y ou don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The Ne w York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.24．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?A．Daily conversations.B．Research papers.C．Private e-mails. D．News reports.25．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A．They're socially inactive. B．They're inconsiderate of others.C．They're good at telling stories. D．They're careful with their words.26．Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr Berger's research?A．Personal accounts. B．Financial reviews.C．Science articles. D．Sports news.27．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Sad stories actually travel far and wideB．Reading habits change with the timesC．Good news beats bad on social networksD．Online news indeed attracts more peopleCThese days, people who do manual (体力的) work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers” for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the honor of becoming white-collar workers. This can lead to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls (工作服) and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf’s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status (身份；地位) is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him ‘Mr. Bloggs’, not ‘Alf’.28.What does the case of Alfred Bloggs show?A. That people often care more about the status of a job than the income.B. That “white-collar workers” usually wear a suit to go to work.C. That manual workers prefer to keep their jobs a secret.D. That office workers earn less than manual workers.29.What did Alfred Bloggs do for over two years?A. He told his wife he worked for the Corporation, when in fact he did not.B. He dressed himself as a dustman before leaving home every morning.C. He lied to his wife about his job.D. He earned twice as much as a white-collar worker.30.What does Alfred Bloggs think of his new job?A. He feels it is a pity because he now earns less than before.B. He thinks it is worthwhile for his rise in status.C. He is proud because he earns much more than before.D. He is satisfied because he no longer needs a shower before returning home.31.What’s the best title of the passage?A. The Double Life of Alfred Bloggs.B. Money or Status, Which Comes First?C. The Story of Alfred Bloggs, a Dustman.D. Truth Will Come to Light Sooner or Later.DIt’s 2035. You have a job, a family and you’re about 40 years old. Welcome to our future life.Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. “Turn red,” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (智能电子元件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you’re 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, peop le in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You’re not even middle aged!As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal（谷物）into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn’t eat that,” from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?” A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen cheeks its food supplies.“Ready for your trip to space,” you ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially-trained astronauts went into space---and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three st rawberries each, you add, “The doctor said you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines(疫苗). With the strawberries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.It’s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office, autopilot,” you command. Your car drives itself down the road and move smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it.32.What changes the color of your shirt?A. The mirror.B. The shirt itselfC. The counter.D. The medicine.33.How do the shoes know that you shouldn’t eat the breakfast cereal?A. By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.B. By listening to the doctor’s advice.C. By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.D. By checking the nutrition details of the food.34.The strawberries the children eat serve as ______.A. breakfastB. lunchC. vaccinesD. nutrition35.How is the text organized?A. In order of time.B. In order of frequency.C. In order of preference.D. In order of importance.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）（出题人：梁涛审题人：赵聪）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

姓名，年级：时间：地理试题一、单项选择题：（40小题，每题1。

5分，共60分.）右图是某地区人口自然增长率随时间变化曲线图,据此完成1-2题。

1．该地区人口自然增长呈现负增长的开始时期是（ )A．① B．② C。

③ D。

④2．关于该地区人口数量的变化，下列说法正确的是 ( )A．①时人口数量比③时多B．④时人口数量比⑤时少C．②时人口数量达最大值D．③时人口数量达最大值根据德国最新人口数据显示,2018年德国人口总人数约为:8315万人，据估计德国出生人口为67．5万——69．5万人，死亡人口为88．5万一90．5万人。

专家预测，2060年德国人口可能不足7 000万人。

回答3—4题。

3．下列四种人口年龄结构金字塔图中，最符合德国人口年龄结构的是（ )4．目前德国采取的人口政策，最不可能是( ）A．奖励适龄妇女生育 B．增加儿童抚养补贴C．鼓励本国居民向他国迁移 D．推迟退休年龄读经济发展程度与人口迁移数量的关系图(曲线表示乡村之间、城市之间、乡村到城市、城市到乡村四种人口迁移类型)，回答第5题.5．图中曲线表示乡村之间、城市之间、乡村到城市、城市到乡村人口迁移类型的分别是（ )A．①②③④ B．①③②④C．②①③④ D．①②④③6。

改革开放以来,中西部地区大量农民离开家乡向东部地区流动，形成了民工潮。

下列甲、乙、丙、丁代表的工业部门中，最容易吸引民工迁移的是( )A．甲 B．乙 C．丙 D．丁环境承载力是指在一定时期内,在维持相对稳定的前提下，环境资源所能容纳的人口规模和经济规模的大小。

结合下表及所学知识回答7—8题。

某岛国2018年环境与人口信息最多能供养的人口数最适宜的人口数实际供养的人口数45万25万35万7。

若a、b、c、d代表该岛国的四类资源在某一时期所能供养的人口数量，且a〉b〉c〉d，则该地的环境承载力是（)A．a B．b C．c D．d8．若2018年该岛国的人口总量用X表示、人口合理容量用Y表示、环境承载力用Z表示，则三者的关系是( )A．Z＞Y＞X B．X＞Y＞Z C．Y＞Z＞X D．Z＞X ＞Y平均可达性是指利用特定的交通方式，从某一地点到达指定位置的平均最短交通时间(小时)。

河南省郑州市中牟县第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一英语下学期第二次限时练考试试题第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AEngland has been the birthplace of most of the great English­language theatre written throughout history. Most of the plays in England that are truly famous have something in common. They usually come from a playwright (剧作家) with several famous plays.ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is considered the most famous British playwright. Shakespeare has a large catalogue (目录) of tragedies, comedies and history plays, and each category is home to some of the most famous plays ever written. Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Othello and Julius Caesar are all tragedies and performed in theatres around the world every year. Famous comedies include A Midsummer Night's Dream and Much Ado About Nothing. In the history category, Richard Ⅲ and HenryⅤ are very famous.Oscar Wilde and George Bernard ShawSeveral hundred years after Shakespeare, English people began to enjoy the works of Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw. Wilde's plays are still popular now, and The Importance of Being Earnest is both performed and studied extremely frequently. A Woman of No Importance and An Ideal Husband are among his other famous works. Shaw and Wilde were born within a few years of each other, but Shaw was a much more productive writer. His most famous plays include Pygmalion and Candida. Shaw's plays are loved so much that an entire theatre company is devoted to performing his works in Niagara­on­the­Lake in southern Ontario.Harold PinterThe plays of Harold Pinter certainly have an international presence. His writing was so widely recognized for its importance that he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005. Pinter is especially known for his style of writing. Many of his plays such as Betrayal, The Dumb Waiter and his first play, The Room, are extremely well known.21. The writer wrote this passage to ________．A．advise us to spend more time enjoying playsB．explain why England has so many wonderful playsC．tell us about some famous British playwrights and their worksD．tell us the differences among some British playwrights22. What do the works in the underlined part in Paragraph 2 have in common?A．They are all Shakespeare's early works.B．They are all tragedies written by Shakespeare.C．They are all Shakespeare's famous comedies.D．They all belong to the history category of Shakespeare's plays.23. Which of the following plays were most probably written in the same period of time?A．The Dumb Waiter and A Woman of No Importance.B．RichardⅢ and A Woman of No Importance.C．An Ideal Husband and Candida.D．Candida and Betrayal.BBad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e­mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word­of­mouth communication—e­mails, Web posts and reviews, face­to­face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e­mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non­science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.24．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?A．Daily conversations. B．Research papers.C．Private e­mails. D．News reports.25．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A．They're socially inactive. B．They're inconsiderate of others.C．They're good at telling stories. D．They're careful with their words.26．Which tended to be the most e­mailed according to Dr Berger's research?A．Personal accounts. B．Financial reviews.C．Science articles. D．Sports news.27．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Sad stories actually travel far and wideB．Reading habits change with the timesC．Good news beats bad on social networksD．Online news indeed attracts more peopleCThese days, people who do manual (体力的) work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers” for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the honor of becoming white-collar workers. This can lead to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls (工作服) and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf’s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status (身份；地位) is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him ‘Mr. Bloggs’, not ‘Alf’.28.What does the case of Alfred Bloggs show?A. That people often care more about the status of a job than the income.B. That “white-collar workers” usually wear a suit to go to work.C. That manual workers prefer to keep their jobs a secret.D. That office workers earn less than manual workers.29.What did Alfred Bloggs do for over two years?A. He told his wife he worked for the Corporation, when in fact he did not.B. He dressed himself as a dustman before leaving home every morning.C. He lied to his wife about his job.D. He earned twice as much as a white-collar worker.30.What does Alfred Bloggs think of his new job?A. He feels it is a pity because he now earns less than before.B. He thinks it is worthwhile for his rise in status.C. He is proud because he earns much more than before.D. He is satisfied because he no longer needs a shower before returning home.31.What’s the best title of the passage?A. The Double Life of Alfred Bloggs.B. Money or Status, Which Comes First?C. The Story of Alfred Bloggs, a Dustman.D. Truth Will Come to Light Sooner or Later.DIt’s 2035. You have a job, a family and you’re about 40 years old. Welcome to our future life.Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. “Turn red,” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (智能电子元件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you’re 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in y our generation may live to be 150 years old. You’re not even middle aged!As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal（谷物） into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn’t eat that,” from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?” A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen cheeks its food supplies.“Ready for your trip to space,” you ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially-trained astronauts went into space---and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberr ies each, you add, “The doctor said you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines(疫苗). With the strawberries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.It’s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office, autopilot,” you command. Your car drives itself down the road and move smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it.32.What changes the color of your shirt?A. The mirror.B. The shirt itselfC. The counter.D. The medicine.33.How do the shoes know that you shouldn’t eat the breakfast cereal?A. By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.B. By listening to the doctor’s advice.C. By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.D. By checking the nutrition details of the food.34.The strawberries the children eat serve as ______.A. breakfastB. lunchC. vaccinesD. nutrition35.How is the text organized?A. In order of time.B. In order of frequency.C. In order of preference.D. In order of importance.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）（出题人：梁涛审题人：赵聪）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

河南省郑州市中牟县第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一（下）期中模拟物理试题一、单选题(★★) 1. 如图所示，在皮带传送装置中，皮带把物体P匀速带至高处，在此过程中，下列说法正确的是（）A．重力对物体做正功B．支持力对物体做正功C．摩擦力对物体做正功D．合外力对物体做正功(★★★) 2. 如图所示为质点做匀变速曲线运动轨迹的示意图，且质点运动到 D点时速度方向与加速度方向恰好互相垂直，则质点从A点运动到E点的过程中，下列说法中正确的是（）A．质点经过C点的速率比D点的大B．质点经过A点时的加速度方向与速度方向的夹角小于90°C．质点经过D点时的加速度比B点的大D．质点从B到E的过程中加速度方向与速度方向的夹角先增大后减小(★★★) 3. 2019年5月17日，我国成功发射第45颗北斗导航卫星，该卫星属于地球静止轨道卫星（同步卫星）．该卫星A．入轨后可以位于北京正上方B．入轨后的速度大于第一宇宙速度C．发射速度大于第二宇宙速度D．若发射到近地圆轨道所需能量较少(★) 4. 2018年12月8日，肩负着亿万中华儿女探月飞天梦想的嫦娥四号探测器成功发射，“实现人类航天器首次在月球背面巡视探测，率先在月背刻上了中国足迹”．已知月球的质量为、半径为，探测器的质量为，引力常量为，嫦娥四号探测器围绕月球做半径为的匀速圆周运动时，探测器的（）A．周期为B．动能为C．角速度为D．向心加速度为(★★★) 5. 2017年4月，我国成功发射的天舟一号货运飞船与天宫二号空间实验室完成了首次交会对接，对接形成的组合体仍沿天宫二号原来的轨道（可视为圆轨道）运行．与天宫二号单独运行时相比，组合体运行的：（）A．周期变大B．速率变大C．动能变大D．向心加速度变大(★★) 6. “神舟”六号载人飞船顺利发射升空后，经过115小时32分的太空飞行，在离地面约为430km的圆轨道上运行了77圈，运动中需要多次“轨道维持”。

河南省郑州市中牟县第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一（下）期中模拟（二）物理试题一、单选题(★★★) 1. 固定的光滑竖直杆上套着一个滑块，用轻绳系着滑块绕过光滑的定滑轮，以大小恒定的拉力 F拉绳，使滑块从 A点起由静止开始上升。

若从 A点上升至 B点和从 B点上升至 C 点的过程中轻绳对滑块做的功分別为 W 1和 W 2，且 AB=BC，则（）A．B．C．D．无法确定W 1和W2的大小关系(★★★★) 2. 宇宙中，两颗靠得比较近的恒星，只受到彼此之间的万有引力作用互相绕转，称之为双星系统，设某双星系统绕其连线上的 O点做匀速圆周运动，转动周期为 T，轨道半径分别为 R A、 R B且 R A< R B，引力常量 G已知，则下列说法正确的是（）A．星球A所受的向心力大于星球B所受的向心力B．星球A的线速度一定等于星球B的线速度C．星球A和星球B的质量之和为D．双星的总质量一定，双星之间的距离越大，其转动周期越大(★★★) 3. 一滑块静止在水平面上， t＝0时刻在滑块上施加一水平力 F，力 F和滑块的速度 v 随时间 t的变化规律分别如图甲、乙所示， g取10 m/s 2，则下列说法正确的是( )A．滑块的质量为2 kgB．力F在第3 s内做的功为1.5 JC．滑块与水平面间的动摩擦因数为0.3D．力F在第2 s内做功的功率为2 W(★★★) 4. 如图所示，在外力作用下某质点作直线运动的图像为正弦曲线。

从图中可以判断（）A．在0~t1时间内，外力做正功B．在0~t1时间内，外力的功率逐渐增大C．在t2时刻，外力的功率最大D．在t1~t3时间内，外力做的总功不为零(★★★) 5. 如图所示是北斗导航系统中部分卫星的轨道示意图，已知 a、 b、 c三颗卫星均做圆周运动， a是地球同步卫星，则（）A．卫星a的角速度小于c的角速度B．卫星a的加速度大于b的加速度C．卫星a的运行速度大于第一宇宙速度D．卫星b的周期大于24 h(★★★★) 6. 如图所示，分别用恒力 F 1和 F 2先后将质量为 m的物体从静止开始沿着同一个粗糙的固定斜面由低端推到顶端，第一次力 F 1的方向沿斜面向上，第二次力 F 2的方向沿水平向右，两次所用的时间相同，在这两个过程中（）A．F1和F2所做的功相同B．第二次物体机械能变化量较大C．第二次物体所受的合力做功较多D．物体的动能的变化量相同(★★★) 7. 一飞船在某行星表面附近沿圆轨道绕该行星飞行．认为行星是密度均匀的球体，要确定该行星的密度，只需要测量（）A．飞船的轨道半径B．飞船的运行速度C．飞船的运行周期D．行星的质量(★★★) 8. 如图所示，某同学用硬塑料管和一个质量为 m的铁质螺丝帽研究匀速圆周运动，将螺丝帽套在塑料管上，手握塑料管使其保持竖直并在水平方向做半径为 r的匀速圆周运动，则只要运动角速度合适，螺丝帽恰好不下滑，假设螺丝帽与塑料管间的动摩擦因数为μ，认为最大静摩擦力近似等于滑动摩擦力。

2018—2019学年高三年级第八次双周考语文试题一、现代文阅读（一）论述类文本阅读（9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

历史地名即史上实有、史籍中常见的地名。

这类地名，属于古诗中最基础的写实层面，其作用是交代诗歌的写作场地，说明诗歌创作和地域的关系。

进入文学作品以后，部分原样照搬，部分则经作者改造，被文学化。

其文学化往往遵循三条基本路径：一是不全用实名而稍加改造，但仍以地名为中心词，如称某驿为孤驿，某馆为孤馆。

这么做舍弃个别，突出一般，可以获得更好的审美效果。

二是改用代称，不用实名。

如称越州为会稽，称镇江为京口之类。

这种情况，稍具史地常识的都知道，没有的看看注释立即明白，无需特别说明。

三是地名前加形容词，这个也容易理解。

这里只谈第一种情况。

不妨以唐诗中的驿馆为例。

在这些诗词中，历史地名的文学化表现突出。

一般做法是诗题中使用历史地名，而到诗中则改为文学化表达，进行局部改造。

如戴叔伦《除夜宿石头驿》：“旅馆谁相问，寒灯独可亲。

一年将尽夜，万里未归人。

”标题载明此诗作于石头驿，诗句却说它是座旅馆，表面上看似矛盾，其实不然。

因为标题是交代地名的，必须如实道来，读者才能明白地理方位。

正文以抒写羁思为主，讲求抒情含蓄，忌讳言事直露，故做这种处理，以与所写之情合拍。

又如孟浩然《唐城馆中早发寄杨使君》：“犯霜驱晓驾，数里见唐城。

旅馆归心逼，荒村客思盈。

”也是诗题中标出驿名，而诗中则径称旅馆。

我们知道，古代驿站都是官营的，旅馆则是私营的。

为何称官驿为旅馆？这里就有个语体色彩和使用规范问题。

从这个角度来说，称驿馆而举其正名，只有在史地文献中才会如此，这是因为史地文献以真实性为首要要求，所记必须合实，否则就失去了应有价值，不能取信于人。

而诗题也是交代写作背景的，担负着说明作品与现实生活的联系及人地关系的任务，也不能用代称、简称或泛称，而应如实记载驿馆真名。

而作品中则不必如此，因为诗题既已如实道来，诗句中就须换一套写法。

河南省郑州市中牟县第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一英语下学期期中模拟试题（二）第Ⅰ卷第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AMost foodies (吃货) agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be tough. Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets and their dining out experiences. Cheese & Wine Pairing appWine and cheese can be a great combination. But which wines go best with which cheeses? Max McCalman’s Cheese & Wine Pairing app can help. It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and advises wines to pair with each. Max McCalman’s Cheese & Wine Pairing app is free for iPhones and iPads.Calorific appWhat does 200 calories look like? It can be hard to picture. Calorific provides images of 200 calories worth of food. The pictures can help people on a diet and those who just want to eat healthier food. The app is free for iPads and iPhones. There is also a version that provides more information for a price.HappyCow appVegetarians(素食主义者) do not eat animal meat. Vegans(严格的素食者) do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarian-vegan restaurants and stores around the world. A free version of HappyCow is available for Android that has ads and requires an Internet connection. LocalEats appRestaurant chains, like McDonald’s, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. LocalEats is designed for that. It lists locally owned restaurants so users can try foods from that area. The app costs about a dollar.21.If people want to go on a diet, they need________.A. Cheese & Wine Pairing app.B. Calorific app.C. LocalEats app.D. HappyCow app.22.Which of the following apps is NOT free for iPhone or Android?A. HappyCow app.B. Calorific app.C. LocalEats app.D. Cheese & Wine Pairing app.23.What is the main purpose of this article?A. To show the differences in food apps.B. To advertise the best apps for iPhones.C. To introduce some healthy eating habits.D. To inform foodies of some useful apps.BDo you always agree to do things that you are unwilling to do? Are you the type of person who always says “yes” ? I’ve come to learn that it is very important to learn to say NO! It’s okay. People are still going to like you. They may even respect you more because they know you are honest.I'm not saying to say “no” to someone who really needs your help. I'm talking about refusing that meeting that you really do not want to attend or that birthday party that you don’t want to be a guest at.Think for a moment how you feel when you say YES to something that you really don’t want to do. If you’re like I once was, you can’t sleep at night and you think about it too much. It weighs on your mind. You try to find ways out. Whatever you’re saying to yourself, if you really wanted to go, you wouldn’t have all of these thoughts.So, why not just say NO from the beginning? Maybe you feel like if you don’t show up at the meeting (by the way, it is not the one you must attend) your boss isn’t going to like you or your co-workers won’t respect you. Maybe you feel as if your mom, dad or sisters won’t love you as much if you don’t do everything for them that they ask every occasion.If these people are your true friends，family members，or a good boss，they will like or love you the same no matter what. People treat you the way you teach them to, and if you’re someone who always says “yes”, then that’s what they’re expecting.You need to do what is right for you. Of course we do have real obligations(义务) in life to fulfill, but we do not have to do everything others want us to do.24.Which of the following statements would the writer agree with?A. We should try to do what our friends ask us to do.B. We should help others in need.C. Always saying “no” means you are brave.D. Always saying “yes” means you are dishonest.25.What does the underlined word “ It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Saying “yes”.B. A friend’s birthday party.C. Something you’re unwilling to do.D. Something you think difficult to do.26.The writer believes that if you say “no”to your family members, you’ll ______.A. upset themB. disappoint themC. have a loose relationship with themD. have the same relationship with them as before27.What would be the best title for the passage?A. Learn to Make a Right ChoiceB. To Be YourselfC. Learn to Say NoD. Do What You Want to DoCCharlie is a teacher and his wife, Maria is an artist. The night before last, just before the longest day of the year, Charlie was sitting in a deckchair enjoying the warm summer air when Maria touched his shoulder and he could tell immediately she was a little worried about something. He asked her what the matter was and she replied that there was a strange thing on the jacket that was hanging in the bedroom. They had both lived in the West Indies (西印度群岛) and had seen a lot of strange creatures in their house before. But now they were living in England and so Charlie just laughed and said he would have a look at the “thing”.He walked to the bedroom. He saw a jacket hanging in the bedroom and went up toit to have a closer look at the “thing”. The moment he touched it, the thing sprang into life. Now Charlie experiences fear and when this creature opened its wings,he jumped out of his skin and ran screaming from the room like a small child doing about 100 miles an hour.For a moment the next-door neighbors thought that Charlie was murdering his wife because of the noise they could hear. In fact, it was a bat that frightened Charlie.Eventually Charlie managed to trap the bat in a box and took it to the gardento let the bat fly. Maria, who had been playing the guitar while Charlie was upstairs, asked Charlie if he had found out what the thing was. “Oh, nothing to worry about”,he said casually hoping that the terror could not be seen in his eyes, “it was justa bat.”28.Why was Maria a little worried one night?A.Because she couldn't find her guitar.B.Because she saw something strange.C.Because it was too hot for her.D.Because she had quarreled with her husband.29.The underlined part “jumped out of his skin” in the second paragraph probably means ____.A.stood upB.was very frightenedC.threw off his clothesD.was very excited30.What happened to the bat?A.It was killed by Charlie.B.It was badly wounded.C.It was set free by Charlie.D.It was kept as a pet.31.It can be inferred that ________.A.Charlie was afraid that his wife would laugh at him if she knew the truth.B.the neighbors would report to the police about Charlie murdering the bat.C.the bat wouldn't come to Charlie's room again because it was frightened.D.Maria heard her husband screaming downstairs and became frightened.DEvery summer, the Serengeti plains(平原) of Africa are worth visiting. Millionsof wild animals begin their 1,800-mile journey northwards on their annual migratory (迁移的) route.In the month of November, polar bears in their thousands cross the Canadian Arctic, as they head towards the ice sheets of Hudson Bay. The sea ice that forms every winter is the key to the bear’s managing to exist, for here they hunt for seals (海豹).The Great Bustard, one of the heaviest flying birds, migrates each year across Europe and Asia to its wintering grounds. Unluckily, these and other migratory animals are in danger from human activity.We have written several articles on climate change and the effect of rising ocean temperatures. Since 1979, ice sheets in the Arctic have gone down by 30 percent. What does this mean for polar bears? They are forced to stay on land for longer periods of time, which delays their search for food. As a result, bears today are 60 pounds lighter than what they were. Besides, smaller bears also produce weaker babies, and their chances of survival are at risk. In the plains of Africa, migratory animals like gazelles are traveling long distances for food, just to avoid falling prey (牺牲品) to humans who hunt them.In an unusual step, experts from 120 countries have agreed to protect 31 migratory mammals, fish and birds. The United Nation’s 11th annual Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) was held in Quito, Ecuador. For the first time, 900 experts attended the conference, and the enthusiastic support shows the world is united in conservation (保护) efforts.What does getting on a protected list mean? Countries that have signed the agreement will be required to pass laws locally and work with other countries that fall within the animal’s migratory path. Only one animal did not make the list. The African lion was rejected (拒绝) for lack of information of the countries where it lives.32.What can we learn from the passage?A.The Great Bustard is one of the largest flying birds.B.The weight of polar bears today is lighter than what it was.C.In the 1970s, ice sheets went down by 30 percent.D.120 experts have agreed to protect 21 migratory animals.33.Why was the African lion not included in the list from the passage?A.We don’t know which countries it lives in.B.It isn’t a migratory animal.C.Experts were not interested in this animal.D.It was not traveling long distances for food.34.The writer writes this passage aiming to __________.A.let us know about the animalsB.prevent the rare animals from dying outrm us of the effects of climate changeD.draw our attention to helping the migratory animals35.All these factors have probably put the migratory animals in danger EXCEPT _______.A.some human activityB.the enthusiastic support from expertsC.rising ocean temperaturesD.climate change第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

河南省郑州市中牟县第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一英语下学期第四次限时练考试试题第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AFlorida is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is one of the most visited states in the country and the sunshine state attracts millions of visitors each year. Are you planning a vacation to it? Here our travel guide may help you.La Nouba at Walt Disney World ResortDuration: 90 minutesLocation: Orlando, FloridaWhile you're in Orlando, spend a day at the theme parks with a Cirque du Soleil show at Downtown Disney, La Nouba is the meeting of two different worlds—the fantastic world of the circus (马戏团) people who wear bright colors and the boring world of the people living in big cities who wear dark, lifeless clothes. Kennedy Space CenterDuration: FlexibleLocation: Orlando, FloridaSpend a day exploring the attractive Kennedy Space Center, just 45 minutes from Orlando. Learn about the history of the US space program and watch beautiful IMAX films. Don't miss the chance to walk under a Saturn V rocket, and experience a real moonwalk!Sea World OrlandoDuration: VariesLocation: Orlando, FloridaSpend a day at Sea World Orlando and come face to face with the ocean's most attractive sea animals. With several up­close meetings with killer whales, sharks and turtles, you'll feel the energy and excitement of all kinds of sea life.South Beach Cultural Food and Walking TourDuration: 2 hours and 30 minutesLocation: Miami, FloridaOn the South Beach Cultural Food and Walking Tour, you'll explore the Art Deco district of South Beach on foot and along the way, you'll taste a variety of foods that make South Beach such an internationally well­known food region.★Price information：Click the link below to check price information on your preferred travel date. Our price is constantly updated.21.If you are interested in exciting performances, which of the following isthe bestchoice?A. La Nouba at Walt Disney World ResortB. Kennedy Space CenterC. Sea World OrlandoD. South Beach Cultural Food and Walking Tour22.What can we learn from the text?A. Visitors can enjoy real space travel at Kennedy Space Center.B. Visitors can enjoy foods from different countries at South Beach.C. Some dangerous animals can be found at Sea World Orlando.D. La Nouba is a funny person who performs in the Cirque du Soleil show.23.Where does the text most probably come from?A. A travel magazine.B. A travel website.C. A news report.D. A geography textbook.BThe world is a truly strange place waiting to be explored. In addition to offering a lot of extraordinary locations and people, it also offers interesting festivals celebrated by people in various parts of the world. Here is a list of the oddest festivals that can be found around the world.Cheese Rolling Festival: A festival that is surely going to leave you with a sore neck if not a broken one! Celebrated in England, the Cheese RollingFestival is something that you would rather watch than take part in.Okay! Here’s how it goes. Officials set a big cheese wheel to roll down a steep hill and participants run after it. The first one to catch it wins the competition and the cheese. Simple? Well, try it out and you will know!The Monkey Buffet: Now here’s a country that actually feeds monkeys totheir hearts’ content instead of chasing them away. Celebrated in Thailand, the Monkey Buffet is an annual event that brings together a lot of locals who offer fruit and vegetables to over 600 monkeys. It’s a great feast as the monkeys dig into almost 3, 000 kilograms of fruit and vegetables. The people of Thailand believe this is a way to honor the Monkey King called Hanuman.La Tomatina: Here’s your golden chance to get even with your friends who sprayed(喷洒)paint on you on your birthday. Celebrated in Spain, the month of August has nearly 250 pounds of tomatoes go down the drain(被浪费掉)in what is perhaps the largest tomato fight in the world. The event is conducted in thetown of Bunyol and attracts nearly 30, 000 tourists around the world in addition to locals. Truckloads of tomatoes arrive and you are ready to go. The entirearea is covered with slush and tomatoes within minutes. It’s a good time to have fun with friends and family.24.What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A. To discuss some foreign culture.B. To introduce some unusual festivals.C. To attract more people to travel to Europe.D. To talk about the author’s interesting experiences.25.What can we learn from the passage?A. Thai people celebrate the Monkey Buffet mainly to show their concern foranimals.B. The Monkey Buffet is celebrated because monkeys are endangered there.C. The Monkey Buffet is a religious festival celebrated in Spain every year.D. Thai people celebrate the Monkey Buffet to honor Hanuman.26.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. August may be a golden season to visit Bunyol.B. People will fight with their enemy at La Tomatina.C. Nearly 30, 000 people join in La Tomatina every year.D. People hold a tomato-eating competition at La Tomatina.27.The underlined part“get even with”in the last paragraph can be replaced by “____”.A. have a great time withB. pay backC. get along well withD. make peace withCAlzheimer’s disease is a major national health problem. Nearly 2 million Americans over the age of 65 have Alzheimer’s disease. It is a leading cause of death among the elderly. But Alzheimer’s disease is not confined （限于） to the aged. There may be a million or more people under the age of 65 suffering from the disease.At one time, people suffering from the disease were said to be “getting old”. The disease was thought to be a natural part of growing old, but it is now known that Alzheimer’s disease strikes young and old alike. It is anorganic (器官的) disease, that destroys brain cells.Alzheimer’s disease affects the patient’s memory, speech, and movement. In the beginning stages of the disease, the patient may seem slightly confused. He may have trouble speaking, and then the patient’s memory begins to fail. He may forget dates, numbers, names and plans.As the disease progresses, the patient may not recognize family and friends. These symptoms（症状） often cause terrible anxiety in the patient. He may feel lost and frightened. Sometimes the patient reacts with wild and bad behavior.In the last stages of the disease, the patient may not be able to take care of himself. He may have lost the ability to speak and walk.Scientists don’t know exactly what causes Alzheimer’s disease. It may be caused by a virus （病毒）.It may be caused by a poisonous substance（物质） in the environment. At present, there is no cure for the disease. But there are ways to slow its progress. Exercise and physical treatment can help the patients of this disease.28.The main idea of the passage is that Alzheimer’s disease _______.A. is a terrible part of the aging processB. can be cured by physical treatmentC. is an organic disease that affects young and oldD. causes forgetfulness29.All of the following are symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease EXCEPT________.A. loss of sightB. difficulty in speakingC. forgetfulnessD. loss of the ability to walk30.According to the passage, which of the following may be a cause of Alzheimer’sdisease?A. A virusB. Getting old.C. Poisons produced by the brain.D. Lack of exercise.31.The process of Alzheimer’s disease can be slowed by________.A. operationB. a change in environmentC. medicinesD. physical treatment and exerciseDThe British are known for their sense of humour. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to rememberis that the British often use understatement.Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, "It's a little damp(潮湿的)outside.”Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, "She isn't exactly friendly." Understatement is oftenused in unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humour.Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidentallyfalls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people fromdifferent classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave. What's more, the British love to watch comedies about people who do not know how to behave in society. The comedyseries Mr. Bean is a good example of this kind of humour. Mr. Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990.Mr. Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movements andfacial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr. Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr. Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour. Because of this, many people have become familiar withthe British sense of humour.32.Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes?A. The British often enlarge the fact.B. British jokes are connected with many different cultures.C. The British try to make out that something is less important than it is.D. British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries.33.The author explains understatement by__________.A. using examplesB. making comparisonsC. following time orderD. describing a process34.Mr. Bean makes people laugh by__________.A. telling funny storiesB. making jokes about others' accentsC. copying how others behaveD. using his body movements and facial expressions35.What can be the best title for the text?A. British Humour in ComedyB. Humour in Different CulturesC. Developing Your Sense of HumourD. Understanding British Humour第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

英语试卷第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）(出题人：廖孙莹、李培审题人：姚素珍、王凤霞)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AWhat’s On?Electric Underground7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who’s playing in your area?We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?If so,come early to the talk at7.30pm by Jules Skye,a successful record producer.He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform.He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene.This joyful show will please everyone,from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh!Our bar is open from7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simon’s Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at every kind of comedy,and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedian and actor who has10years’experience of teaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music;this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD,with James Pickering on the piano.The menu is Italian,with excellent meat and fresh fish,pizzas and pasta(面食).Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day,and serves cocktails,coffee,beer,and white wine.21.Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A.Jules Skye.B.Gee Whizz.C.Charlotte Stone.D.James Pickering.22.At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A.The Cyclops TheatreB.KaleidoscopeC.Victoria StageD.Pizza World23.What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?A.It requires membership status.B.It lasts three hours each time.C.It is run by a comedy club.D.It is held every Wednesday.BLately,everywhere you look,people are running around with fitness trackers on their wrists.Along with a smartphone and an accompanying app,these trackers can report how many calories you've burned and the distance you've traveled.Still curious about yourself?You can also learn the number of stairs you've climbed and stepsyou've taken,metrics（度量）it had never occurred to me to wonder about．Not one to resist peer pressure,however,I paid$100for a Fitbit Flex.I chose that brand on the basis of research:asking my friend Sari which tracker she used．The Fitbit website offered instructions on setting up my new tracker.I entered my height and gender(性别)and certain information I considered none of its business: birth date and weight.Then I established goals.The American Heart Association recommends that we all walk10,000steps a day-about five miles,and so does Fitbit.I decided6,000steps was a good place for me to start．I changed my tune when,on day one,I hit6，000steps and tiny LED lights flashed on my wristband.Confident enough now,I went back to my phone and upped my goal to8,000steps.So I got a little obsessed(着迷).On day five at a department store,I decided to check my progress.My target number was just275steps away!I walked around the dress department watching my smartphone register each step I took.I hate to tell you how much pleasure this gave me．Now I always wear my tracker，not because I've grown to love fitness but because I like being trendy and st night I was leaving a restaurant when Fitbit emailed to congratulate me on walking more than10,000steps.Who wouldn't love a tool that turns your every footstep into an accomplishment？24.Why do people wear fitness trackers while running？A.To measure their blood pressure．B.To tell them the right direction．C.To report the amount of exercise．D.To email information to others．25.The underlined part"none of its business"in Paragraph3probably means______．A.necessaryB.unimportantC.pricelessD.ridiculous26.The author started from6,000steps because________．A.it is the suggestion from Fitbit Flex.B.it is the best choice for beginners.C.the author wasn't confident at first.D.the friend Sadri asked the author to do so.27.What does the author think of the experience of using the tracker？A.Thrilling and dangerous.B.Painful and unbearable.C.Boring and uncomfortable.D.Joyful and encouraging．CClothing rental(租赁)is a hot new industry and businessmen are trying their best to attract shoppers.This past summer alone,Urban Outfitters,Macy’s,Bloomingdale’s, and American Eagle have all announced rental subscription services—a sure sign of changing times.But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it,and if so,how much more?Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline researched this question in an article for Elle,and she concluded that it’s not as green as it seems.Take shipping,for example,which has to go two ways if an item is rented—receiving and returning.Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest footprint of our fashion habit after producing.She writes,“An item ordered online and then returned can send out20kilograms of carbon each way,and increases to50kilograms for rush shipping.However,thecarbon effect of a pair of jeans bought in a store and washed and worn at home is33.4 kilograms,according to a2015study.”Then there’s the burden of washing,which has to happen for every item when it’s returned,regardless of whether or not it was worn.For most rental services,this usually means dry-cleaning is a high-effect and polluting process,which can produce dangerous waste and air pollution if not dealt with correctly.Lastly,Cline fears that rental services will increase our,desire for fast fashion, simply because it’s so easy to get.There’s something called‘share-washing’that leads to more wasteful behaviors mainly because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly.Uber is one example of this,advertised as“a way to share rides and limit car ownership,”and yet“it has been proven to discourage walking,bicycling,and public transportation use.”Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the waste after a few wears,but we shouldn’t let the convenience of these services make us satisfied.There’s an even better step—and that’s wearing what is already in the closet.28.How much carbon will be produced when an item is normally ordered online and then returned?A.10kilograms.B.20kilograms.C.40kilograms.D.50kilograms.29.What does Elizabeth Cline think of clothing rental?A.It is considered fashioned.B.It is popular to young people.C.It can reduce transport burden.D.It can leave large carbon footprint.30.The example of Uber is used to show the rental services________.A.cause more wasteful behaviorsB.satisfy our desire for fashionC.help protect the environmentD.replace the public transport31.What does the author actually want to express in the last paragraph?A.The request for throwing cheap clothes.B.The advice on wearing what we own.C.The disadvantage of clothing rental.D.The call for renting clothes.DIt’s a safe bet that a robot made your car and made your computer.Pretty soon, they could be making your bed and breakfast too.Increasingly,engineers are saying that robots are going to move out of research departments and into your panies including General Electric are workingon designs for small robots.Products like the Roomba,a robot that can clean floors, are flying off the shelves.What’s behind this new robot revolution?It’s partly a matter of technology. Devices that can recognize and respond to a human voice have been developed.There are now a few different ways for robots to move around.They can walk,crawl or ride on wheels.Robots are being made smaller and smaller.They are also becoming more and more able.A bigger part of the story is on the demand side.From the day the television remote control was invented,people around the world have searched for new ways to be lazy.Take into consideration that more and more people can afford robots,and the time seems ripe to introduce robots to the ordinary family.To be sure,robots that walk on two legs and talk like people are still a long way off.However,robots that do basic housework such as cleaning or gardening are sure to come out soon.One thing is certain—when these robots do come into our homes,will change things forever.32.The underlined part“flying off the shelves”in the second paragraph means__________.A.selling wellB.cleaning the shelves smartlyC.flying freelyD.dropping onto the floor33.What can Roomba do?A.Making beds and breakfast.B.Making cars and computers.C.Cleaning floors.D.Looking after kids and pets.34.Which plays a more important role in revolutionizing the robot?A.Science and technology.B.Rapid development of companies.C.Effective marketing means.D.Great demand from the buyers.35.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Robots have already come into every home.B.Technology is the only basis of the development of robots.C.General Electric is not interested in designing small robots.D.Robots that can walk on two legs and talk like people are still far from us.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）（出题人：梁涛审题人：王利）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

一．选择题共40小题,每题1．5分1．下列关于人体内环境及其稳态的叙述，正确的是Ａ．人排出的泪液及尿液均属体液 B. 内环境的温度随气温变化而变化C. H2CO3／NａＨCO３对血浆pＨ相对稳定有重要作用Ｄ. 葡萄糖以自由扩散方式从消化道进入内环境２.在进行常规体检时，通常要做血液生化六项的检查,以了解肝功能、肾功能、血糖、血脂等是否正常,下表是某人血液生化六项的检查化验单。

下列说法正确的是A.表中所测的各种化学物质,都只能存在于人体的内环境中Ｂ.人体内环境稳态是指表中这些化学物质在内环境中的含量处于参考范围内C.表中物质含量的相对稳定是在神经系统的调节下，通过各器官、系统共同协调维持的D.该人甘油三酯的含量略有偏高，且表现为高血糖症状，故平时要控制糖类和脂肪的摄入量３.血浆渗透压可分为胶体渗透压和晶体渗透压，其中由蛋白质等大分子物质形成的渗透压称为胶体渗透压，由无机盐等小分子物质形成的渗透压称为晶体渗透压。

下列有关渗透压的说法错误的是Ａ．血浆蛋白含量显著降低时，血浆胶体渗透压降低,水分子由血浆进入组织液B.大量喝清水后，经胃肠吸收进入血浆的水量会增加，从而使血浆晶体渗透压降低C. 人的血浆渗透压约为 770 kPa,相当于细胞内液的渗透压D．细胞外液的渗透压90％以上来源于蛋白质等大分子物质形成的胶体渗透压4．当血液流经下图所示组织箭头示血流方向，有关毛细血管A、Ｂ两端成份变化的叙述正确的是A.若组织细胞为肝细胞，饭后Ａ端的血糖浓度高于 B 端B.若组织细胞为肝细胞，饥饿时 A 端的血糖浓度高于 B 端C．若组织细胞为脑细胞，运动时 A 端的氧气浓度低于 B 端D.若组织细胞为甲状腺细胞，寒冷时 A 端的甲状腺激素浓度高于 B 端5.下图 1 为某一神经纤维示意图，将一电流表的ａ、b 两极置于膜外，在 X 处给予适宜刺激，测得电位变化如图 2 所示。

下列有关叙述，正确的是A．未受刺激时,电流表测得的为静息电位B.兴奋传导过程中，ａ、ｂ间膜内电流的方向为 b→ａC.在图 2 中的 t3 时刻,兴奋传导至 b 电极处Ｄ．ｔ1～ｔ2,ｔ３～t4 电位的变化分别是 Na+内流和 K＋外流造成的6．右图为突触结构模式图,下列说法不正确的是A．在 a 中发生电信号→化学信号的转变,信息传递需要能量B.①中内容物释放至②中主要借助于突触前膜的选择透过性C.②处的液体为组织液,含有能被③特异性识别的物质D.①中内容物使 b 兴奋时,兴奋处外表面分布着负电荷７. 大多数有机磷农药、蝎毒都属于神经毒素.其中有机磷农药能使分解神经递质乙酰胆碱的酶活性受抑制,蝎毒的作用是破坏膜钠离子通道，从而抑制动作电位的产生。