A Cross-cultural Study of Airline Passengers

旅游管理专业的英语简历范文Travel and Tourism Management GraduateName: [Your Name]Address: [Your Address]Phone: [Your Phone Number]Email: [Your Email]Objective:Seeking a challenging position in the travel and tourism industry to utilize my skills and knowledge acquired through my education and internships, and contribute to the growth and success of the organization.Education:Bachelor of Science in Travel and Tourism Management, [University Name], [Year]- Relevant coursework: Tourism Marketing, Destination Management, Sustainable Tourism, Hotel and Resort Management, International Tourism, Airline Operations, Event Planning, Travel Law and EthicsSkills:1. Strong knowledge of the travel and tourism industry, including trends, market analysis, and consumer behavior.2. Proficient in using travel and booking software, such as Amadeus and Sabre, to make flight, hotel, and car rental reservations.3. Excellent customer service skills, with the ability to communicate effectively and build rapport with clients fromdiverse backgrounds.4. Proficient in Microsoft Office Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) for creating reports, presentations, and spreadsheets.5. Experience in event planning and organization, including coordinating logistics, managing vendors, and ensuring a smooth execution of events.6. Ability to work under pressure and meet tight deadlines while maintaining attention to detail.7. Strong organizational and time management skills, with the ability to prioritize tasks and multitask effectively.8. Knowledge of sustainable tourism practices and their impact on the environment and local communities.Experience:Intern, ABC Travel Agency, [Dates]- Assisted travel consultants in making flight, hotel, and car rental reservations for clients.- Conducted research on tourist destinations, attractions, and activities to create personalized itineraries for clients.- Coordinated with airlines, hotels, and tour operators to ensure smooth logistics and excellent customer service for clients.- Assisted in organizing and promoting travel events and expos to attract potential clients and increase brand visibility.- Handled customer inquiries and provided assistance in resolving issues and complaints effectively.- Updated and maintained client database and preparation of travel documents.Event Planning Intern, XYZ Events Management Company, [Dates]- Assisted in planning and executing corporate events, conferences, and trade shows.- Assisted in coordinating logistics, managing vendors, and ensuring proper setup and breakdown of event venues.- Conducted research on potential event venues, suppliers, and entertainment options.- Assisted in creating event proposals, budgets, and presentations for clients.- Assisted in handling event registration, attendee management, and on-site coordination.Volunteer Experience:Volunteer Travel Guide, Local Tourism Organization, [Dates]- Assisted tourists in exploring local attractions, providing information about historical sites, cultural events, and local customs.- Conducted guided tours in multiple languages to accommodate international tourists.- Assisted in promoting local tourism products and services through social media and online platforms.Languages:- English (fluent)- [Other Language(s) – if applicable]References:Available upon request.As a Travel and Tourism Management graduate, I have gained a strong understanding of the travel and tourism industry and developed practical skills through my coursework and internships. My education has provided me with acomprehensive knowledge of tourism marketing, destination management, sustainable tourism practices, hotel and resort management, international tourism, airline operations, event planning, and travel law and ethics.During my internship at ABC Travel Agency, I had the opportunity to work closely with travel consultants and assist them in making flight, hotel, and car rental reservations for clients. I developed proficiency in using travel and booking software such as Amadeus and Sabre to efficiently plan and book travel arrangements. I also conducted research on tourist destinations, attractions, and activities to create personalized itineraries for clients, ensuring a memorable and enjoyable travel experience. I learned how to coordinate with airlines, hotels, and tour operators to ensure smooth logistics and excellent customer service. Additionally, I had the opportunity to assist in organizing and promoting travel events and expos to attract potential clients and increase brand visibility.In my role as an event planning intern at XYZ Events Management Company, I gained valuable hands-on experience in planning and executing corporate events, conferences, and trade shows. I assisted in coordinating logistics, managing vendors, and ensuring proper setup and breakdown of event venues. I conducted extensive research on potential event venues, suppliers, and entertainment options to ensure a successful and memorable event.I also assisted in creating event proposals, budgets, and presentations for clients. During the internship, I had the chance to handle event registration, attendee management, and on-site coordination, developing excellent organizational and timemanagement skills.Throughout my academic and professional experiences, I have developed excellent customer service skills and a strong ability to communicate effectively with clients from diverse backgrounds. I understand the importance of building rapport and providing personalized service to exceed client expectations. I have also developed proficiency in Microsoft Office Suite, including Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, which allows me to create reports, presentations, and spreadsheets with ease.One area of particular interest to me is sustainable tourism. Through my coursework, I have gained knowledge about sustainable tourism practices and their impact on the environment and local communities. I believe that as a travel and tourism professional, it is important to promote sustainable practices and contribute to the preservation of cultural and natural resources. I am passionate about educating tourists about responsible travel and working towards the development of sustainable tourism initiatives. In addition to my academic and professional experiences, I have also volunteered as a Travel Guide for a local tourism organization. This role allowed me to assist tourists in exploring local attractions, providing them with information about historical sites, cultural events, and local customs. I conducted guided tours in multiple languages to accommodate international tourists, enhancing my cross-cultural communication skills. I also actively promoted local tourism products and services through social media and online platforms, contributing to the growth of the local tourism industry.Overall, I believe that my skills, knowledge, and passion make me a strong candidate for a challenging position in the travel and tourism industry. I am confident in my ability to contribute to the growth and success of any organization, and I look forward to the opportunity to work with a team that shares my enthusiasm for the industry. References are available upon request.。

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Cross-Cultural Solutions (CCS) is a non-profit organization founded in 1995, widely known as the leading organization in the field of international volunteering, with more than 4,000 volunteers each year. CCS has a worldwide staff of more than 300 people, and operates in 12 countries, with administrative offices also located in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. It offers volunteer programmes in 12 countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America.Cross-Cultural Solutions’volunteer programmes in China are located in Xi’an, the crossroads of Western and Eastern China, and the starting point of the Silk Road. Culturally, Xi’an is a mixture of the ancient and modern worlds. Home to the famous terracotta army, Xi’an was once the imperial capital of China. The city’s ancient history is embodied by the huge stone walls that surround the city centre, originally intended to protect the city from invasion. In the modern world, Xi’an is the largest capital city in Central and Western China. Today, with a population of approximately eight million, this modern city still reflects its rich history and culture.China’s diverse population is well represented in Xi’an’s Han and other minorities. Volunteering in Xi’an will provide you with opportunities to connect with individuals from a variety of backgrounds, exposing you to the wide scope of Chinese culture, one of the largest and most ancient cultures in the world.Through our cultural and learning activities in China, you will see the work of local artists, visit the site of the famous ancient terracotta army, participate in weekly Chinese classes, and engage in lively discussions on Chinese culture and society. Activities may also include cooking classes or visits from experts in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine and a local painter skilled in the unique arts of Chinese painting and calligraphy(书法). Guest speakers may also cover topics such as Chinese folklore and traditional Chinese music. Many volunteers choose to participate in regular visits to local universities to meet with students interested in English conversation and cultural exchange.CCS offers the following programmes in Xi’an, China:♦ Volunteer Abroad---- two to twelve weeks♦ Intern Abroad---- three to four weeks♦ Insight Abroad---- one weekAbout Cross-Cultural Solutions● Founded in 1995, it is a (71)_______ in the field of international volunteering.● It operates and offers volunteer programmes in 12 countries.About Cross-Cultural Solutions’ volunteer programmes in Xi’an, China(72)________ Xi’anPast●It was where the Silk Road (73)_______.●It used to be the imperial capital ofConclusionculture.(76) ________ ●Seeing local artists’ work●Visiting the famous terracotta army●Having Chinese classes (77) ________ a week●Discussing Chinese culture and society●Being visited by a local painter and experts in traditionalChinese medicine●Listening to (78)________about Chinese folklore andtraditional Chinese music●Visiting local universities and meeting students who takeinterest in English conversation and cultural exchangeBenefits Volunteers can connect with individuals from various (79)________ and understand many different aspects of Chinese culture.(80)________of programmes ●Volunteer Abroad, which lasts two to twelve weeks ●Intern Abroad, which lasts three to four weeks●Insight Abroad, which lasts one week参考答案71. leader72 Location73 started/ began74 population75 rich76 Activities77 once78 speeches/ lectures/ talks79 backgrounds80 Types/ Kinds/ Sorts。

第一章1.“晕轮效应”是指当认知者对一个人的某种特征形成好或坏的印象后，他还倾向于据此推论出该人其他方面的特征。

答案:对2.Reasons behind uncivilized behaviors are:答案:Religion belief difference.lack of respect to other beliefs;Way of thinking; Cross-culturecommunication;Citizen consciousness. Or attitude;Living surroundings aswell as living habits3.which are the first two reasons to blame in leading uncivilized behaviors答案:poor or lack of cross culture communication knowledge;different way ofthinking under oriental and western cultures4.Cross-culture communication是什么意思？答案:跨文化交际5.early birds always catch the worm这句谚语的意思是？答案:早起的鸟有虫吃6.backpacker的意思是答案:背包客7.airline & hotel package是指委托旅行社代订机票和酒店，其他行程自由安排答案:对8.护照(passport)的种类分为答案:公务普通护照;外交护照;公务护照;因私护照9.backpacking tour是指答案:背包旅行10.He that travels far knows much, or a real wiser who travels thousands ofmiles learns more knowledge that those who read ten thousand books的翻译是读万卷书不如行万里路。

新编剑桥商务英语初级第三版答案【篇一：新编剑桥商务英语(初级)学生用书_答案_module_1.1-5.3】ing and workshopsp6what does your job involve? p7the present simplep8module 1.2personal and professional details meetingpeoplep10job and work p12module 1.3bec preliminary exam p14p15 reading test【篇二：新编剑桥商务英语(初级)(第三版) 词汇整理浓缩版】txt>（第三版）1.1 world of work 工作领域business n. 工商企业；商行；商业 technique n. 技巧，技能cross-cultural adj. 跨文化的 presentation n. 口头报告，陈述，叙述public speaking 演说，演讲 consultant n. 顾问 consultancy n. 咨询公司 run vt. 开办（课程/ 讲习班） one-to -one 一对一的accredited adj. 公认的motivational adj. 激发积极性的， client n. 客户entertaining adj. 有趣的，使人愉快的，professional adj. 专业的，职业的 involve vt. 包含、需要、使成为必要部分responsibility n. 责任，所负责的事情 be responsible for sb./ sth. 对某人/某事负责title n. 头衔，职称 sample n. 样品试用产品 account n. 账目，账户correspondence n.（来往的）信件 badge n.徽章identify vt. 发现，确定 workshop n. 研讨会，讲习班 catering service 餐饮服务md managing director 的缩写，总经理，执行董事gadget n. 小巧的器械，小玩意儿 interior adj. 车内产品，内部装饰memo n. 备忘录，便条，便笺 electrical appliances 电器，（家用）电器ship vt. 运送power point 电子版幻灯片 bonus n. 奖金 catalogue n. 产品目录positive adj. 积极乐观的 presence n. 仪态，风度，风采 diary n.记事簿athens n. 雅典（希腊首都） do you like your job? do you oftentravel abroad ? how are you? …not too bad, thanks. i work fora company that… i work as…what does your job involve ? my job involves doing… what do you do ? i deal withwho is your md? i am based i n …．1.2 personal and professional details个人和职业详细情况 division n. 分理处，部门 profile n. 传略；人物简介；概况 questionnaire n. 问卷，调查表 interview n. 采访；面试 musical instrument 乐器 destination n. 目的地follow-up questions 后续问题，补充问题 swap vt. 交换electronics n. 电子学；电子器件 varied adj. 多变化的，各不相同的 confectionary adj. 糖果的，有关甜食制造的allocate vt. 分配，分派 candidate n. 候选人criterion n. 标准，准则 pl.（复数）criteriainc. adj. incorporated 的缩写，股份有限的supervise vt. 主管，监管，管理 coordinate vt. 使协调 scuba diving 水肺潜水 marathon n. 马拉松赛跑 finance assistant 财务助理 audit vt. 审计master’s degree 硕士学位 judo n.柔道chronic fatigue syndrome 慢性疲劳综合症ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的 journalism n. 新闻学，新闻业1 / 4breed vt. 饲养 terrier n. 小猎狗 chewing gum 口香糖 gallery n.画廊，美术馆 format n. 形式，格式sars--severe acute respiratory syndrome 严重急性呼吸道综合征,俗称非典型肺炎,简称非典 efficiency n. 效率 profit n. 利润 mentor n. 良师益友make contribution to 为……做贡献 personal problem 个人（私人）问题 set an example to 树立榜样 be based in 在……总部raise money 募捐master’s degree in business administration: mba工商硕士chronic fatigue syndrome 慢性疲劳综合症be in charge of 负责 best-selling 畅销think of a new idea 想出新点子2.1 work in progress 工程进展be in progress 在进行中，在运行中project n. 项目，工程 garden vi. vt.种植或修整花园，从事园艺工作update vt.更新 construction n. 建筑，建筑物 apart from 除了……之外 minor adj.较小的，次要的 proceed vi. 进行，继续下去 panorama n. 全景，全景画 management team 管理团队 take shape 成形ahead of schedule 提前于预订计划 financial report 财务报告temp n. 临时雇员help out 帮助（某人）解决困难 give a presentation of 对……做陈述 launch vt. 开始，开办，推出；发射 photocopy vt. n. 影印，复印 branch n. 分部，分店，分公司 projector manager 项目经理subcontractor n. 转包商 period of transition 过渡期 permanentjob 永久性工作 temporary employment agency 临时就业中介机构 try out 测试，试用 take maternity leave 休产假 option n. 选择，可选择的办法 career field 职业领域 existing skills 现有的技能supervisor n. 主管，监督人 temorary job 临时工作 ask for a payrise 要求涨工资meet one’s target 完成指标，完成定额sack vt. 解雇administration work 行政管理工作 brazil 巴西lisbon 里斯本（葡萄牙首都）belem 贝伦（巴西东北部港口城市）fortaleza 福塔雷萨（巴西东北部港口城市）valencia 巴伦西亚（西班牙港口城市）montpellier 蒙彼利埃（法国南部城市）2.2 making arrangements 日程安排make arrangements 做安排，做准备 plant n. 工厂，车间 vt. 种植take time off 抽出时间，休假，休息 finance director 财务经理confirm vt. 确认，确定 reception n. 接待，接待处 trade fair 交易会，展销会 present vt. 介绍，引见；出席 potential client 潜在客户 quality inspector 质检人员 job applicant 求职者 festival n. 节日self-employed adj. 个体的，自己经营的accept an invitation 接受邀请 special reception 特别招待会anniversary n. 周年纪念日 venue n. 会场，会议地点 attendancen. 出席，出席人数prague 布拉格（捷克斯洛伐克首都） morpeth 莫派斯（位于英国诺森伯兰郡）helsinki 赫尔辛基（芬兰首都） buenos aires 布宜诺斯艾利斯（阿根廷首都）toronto 多伦多（加拿大主要城市） sydney 悉尼（澳大利亚东南部港口城市，新南威尔士州首府）3.1 company biography 公司简介biography n. 形成、成长和衰亡的记载；传记fast food restaurant 快餐店 transform vt. 转换、改变、改造global business 跨国企业original adj. 最初的，原始的，起源的franchise n. vt. 特许经销权，给……以特许feature n. vt. 是……的特色，以……为特色 french fries 炸薯条softdrink n. 软饮料；汽水 milkshake n. 奶昔 purchase vt. 买，购买multimixer n. 多用混合器（机） exclusive distributor 独家批发商（代理商）open vi. vt. 开设，开办，开张 expand vi. vt. 扩大，扩张corporation n. 公司 cosmetic n. 化妆品inspire vt. 激发，启示，使生灵感 philosophy n. 哲学revolutionary adj. 革命的 raw material 原材料 supplier n. 供应者，厂商 ethical adj. 伦理的；道德的 travel agency 旅行社contract n. vt. 订合同，合同、契约 take delivery of 收货，提取货物 merge vi. vt. 合并 fleet 舰队budget airline 低价航空公司 go public 上市，公开发售股票business partner 生意伙伴，商业伙伴2 / 4entrepreneurial adj. 企业家的 freelancer n. 自由职业者；自由撰稿人kuwait city 科威特城（科威特首都） san bernardino 圣贝纳迪诺（美国加利福尼亚州东南部的一个县） illinois 伊利诺斯州（美国中北部州）3.2 company performance 公司业绩performance n. 业绩，成绩；性能 distribute vt. 配送，分发，分送 record profit 历史最高利润 vegetarian n. 素食者，素食的organic adj. 使用有机肥料的 ingredient n. 配料，成分 nutritious adj. 有营养的improve one’s image 改善形象 banquet n. 宴会manufacturer n. 制造业者，厂商 guarantee vt. n. 保证，担保，担保人symbol n. 象征，符号，记号 innovative adj. 创新的，革新的sport utility vehicle 运动型多用途车 component n. 成分 optical instrument 光学仪器 validation n. （可靠性）检测 certify vt. 证明，保证 application n. 应用，运用assurance n. 保证，担保，确信，断言founder n. 创始人，奠基人 turnover n. 营业额 dramatically adv. 戏剧地 advertise vt. 做广告，登广告 annual report 年终报告，年终终结 share price 股票价格proactive adj. 积极的，主动的 dedicated adj. 专注的，献身的unique adj. 唯一的，独特的 access n. 接近（进入）的机会，接近（进入）的权利；入口 consolidate vt. 巩固 brochure n. 小册子in this respect 在这个方面，在这个细节maximum n. 最大量，最大限度，极大4.1 international business 国际商务import n. vi. vt. 进口 export n. vi. vt. 出口 competitor n. 竞争对手 wholesaler n. 批发商 warehouse n. 仓库 audio product 音响产品 ban n. vt. 禁令fashion industry crisis 服装行业危机 commissioner n. 委员spokeswoman n. 女发言人 huge losses 巨大损失 resign n. vi. vt. 辞职 garment n. 服装（成衣） clothing blockade 服装封锁 in favour of 支持、赞成disastrous adj. 损失惨重的，灾难的import control 进口控制import quotas 进口配额compromise n. 妥协，折中，让步 stock exchange 证券交易所appeal to sb. 对……有吸引力 available adj. 有空的，能得到的dossier n. 档案，卷宗 flat adj. 没电的，平面的 embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 in-house magazine 内部杂志 participant n. 参加者stressful adj. 有压力的，紧迫的 moderator n. 会议主持人 press the mute button 按下静音键 reflect on 有损声誉，招来非议teleconference n. 远程电话会议 producer n. 生产商 wholesaler n. 批发商customer n. 顾客 retailer n. 零售商warehouse n. 仓库 consumer n. 消费者competitor n. 竞争对手 customs n. 海关port n. 港口clothing n. 服装4.2 business communications 商务沟通printer cartridges 打印墨盒 description n. 种类；性质；描述pass the message on to 把留言给…… complaint n. 投诉 cancel vt. 取消plasma screen tv 等离子电视 freight forwarder 货运商distributor n. 发行人，销售商 container n. 集装箱production manager 生产经理，厂长 madrid 马德里（西班牙首都）5.1 career choices 职业选择stock broker 股票经纪人london stock exchange 伦敦证券交易所bank account 银行帐户 bankrupt adj. 破产的 a modest life 简朴的生活 accommodation n. 住处，膳宿 get started 开始source of income 收入来源 olive n. 橄榄 farm products 农产品 business contact 生意场的熟人/关系 deal in 经营 make enquiries 询问 record shop 音像店 human resource 人力资源 hr manager 人力资源经理 photography exhibition 摄影展accountancy job 会计工作 passion n. 热情，激情 competitive adj 竞争的 give up sth. all together 完全放弃……professional photographer 职业摄影师portrait n. 肖像，人像studio n. 照相馆，画室，摄影室，演播室3 / 4birmingham 伯明翰（英格兰中部城市）luxembourg 卢森堡（西欧国家） resign from the job 辞职farmhouse n. 农舍bed and breakfast accommodation 只提供床铺与早餐的住宿reorganise vt. 重新组织，重新安排 source of income 收入来源as though 仿佛，好像 the best of luck 好运5.2 achievements and plans 业绩和计划design office 设计室 book cover 书的封面printer n. 印刷商，印刷工；打印机 quotation n. 报价 in full colour 用彩色 in black and white 用黑白 a full progress report详细的进展报告refer to 参考，查阅，查看 book fair 书展，书市 a series of 一系列italian 意大利人，意大利语；意大利的coincidence n. 巧合，巧事 move n. 行动，步骤；措施；方法; vi. 移动consolidate one’s strong position 巩固某人的强势地位 removal company 搬运公司 stationery n. 文具，信纸 keep sb. up-to-date使某人信息灵通 utility n. 公用事业，公用事业设备 bank loan 银行贷款 paperwork 日常文书工作 loan application 贷款申请 additive n. 添加剂4 / 4take on 雇佣meet demand 满足需求 health club 健身俱乐部6.2 travel arrangements 旅行安排ticket, crew, security/ safety inspectionbe in business 做生意 poland 波兰（中欧国家） hungary 匈牙利（中欧国家） spain 西班牙（欧洲南部国家） portugal 葡萄牙（欧洲西南部国家） slovakia 斯洛伐克（中欧国家） bratislava 布拉迪斯拉发（捷克斯洛伐克中南部城市）5.3 reading test: parts one to threeposter n. 海报，招贴 office equipment 办公设备prefabricated hut 预制营房，活动房 pharmaceutical company制药公司 previous adj. 以前的，在先的 disastrous fall 损失惨重的一跌 reach the highest level 达到最高水平 rise/ increase/improve /ascend/ go up/ move up/ mount up 上升 soar 飙升fall/ drop/ decrease/ decline/ descend/ go down下降stay stable/ steady/ the same 保持平稳level off 持平 recover 反弹peak up 达到顶峰，最高点 dramatically 喜剧地，引人注目地considerably 相当大地 obviously 明显地 gradually 渐渐地sharply 急剧地，明显地 slightly 轻微地 a little bit 一点儿6.1 business travel 商务旅行 aircraft, check-in, delay, journey,land, luggage, passenger, passport, pilot, take off, travel, trip,air traffic controller, baggage handler,check-in baggage, carry-on bag, boarding pass, board, business/ economy/ first class,flight attendant/ stewardship/air-hostess/ stewardess, identitycard, return/ singlemanchester 曼彻斯特（英格兰西北部港口城市）glasgow 格拉斯哥（英国城市） bristol 布里斯托尔（英国西部的港口）london heathrow airport 伦敦希思罗机场paris charles de gaulle airport 巴黎戴高乐机场lyon 里昂（法国城市）【篇三：新编剑桥商务英语(中级)学生用书答案】ading (5)1,open your mind 2 plan for disaster 3 get organized 4 setyour limits 5 put pen to paper 6 don’t feel guilty 7 two become onep9 grammar (5)1 need2 communicate3 have escaped4 have been working 5have been 6 am working 7 answer p9 (speaking)writing 第六题work in pairs.中有可能选择其中一个话题进行作文。

旅游英语选读常见单词（复习资料）A boom resort兴旺发展的旅游胜地 A buoyant level of tourism蓬勃发展的旅游业A form of modern consumer behavior现代消费行为的一种形式A lay-over短暂停留 A leakage流失资金 A minor fiscal muisance一项小小的财政事务A net deficit净逆差 A strange international tourism sector实力强大的国际旅游服务部门A study tour考察旅游Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施Accounting department财务部Accreditation services审定工作Advertising agency广告公司Air fares航空票价Air France法国航空公司Air taxi出租飞机服务All and sundry全部,所有的人All walks of life各阶层All-inclusive package tours价格全包旅游An accelerator concept加速器原则An invisible payment on Britain’s balance英国账目上的无形支出Annual receipts年收入Arts and craft工艺美术As far as the demand for travel services is concerned就旅游服务的需求而言ASEAN countries东南亚国家联盟August Bank Holiday八月银行假日August bodies权威机构Back office system后台办公系统Baggage checks行李票Balance of payments with the outside world对外收支平衡Balance of payments收支平衡Basic point-to point air fares两地间基本航空运作Be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务Bermuda百慕大群岛Boeing757波音757 British Airways英国航空公司Burgeoning tourism industry刚刚萌芽的旅游工业Business travel agent专门经办商务旅游的代理商Business traveler商务旅游者cable cars缆车Capital investment资本投资Car hire小汽车出租Carry capacity运载能力Charter aircraft包机Charter flights包机航班Chief engineer总工程师Come into service开始投入使用Commissions佣金Commuter airlines地方短距离运输航空公司Computer graphic package计算机图形包Conditions旅游中条件或服务项目Congloments联合大企业Contracting countries签约国Controller or chief accountant财务部总审计师或总会计师Convention hotels会议饭店Cottage industries家庭手工业Cross-border travel横穿边境的旅行CRS)Computer reservations system计算机预系统Cruise ships巡游船CTC )Certified travel counselors持有证书的旅游顾问Culinary arts烹调艺术Cultural visit文化旅游Customized services按要求提供的服务项目Dealers in dreams销售梦幻Densely crowed cities人口稠密的地方Design studio设计室Diagonal intergration斜向联合Domestic tourism 国内旅游Dorminant paradig, 主要形式Dwell on 详述Ecosysytems生态系统Education visits教育旅游，休学旅游Empty nesters没有孩子拖累的家庭（空巢效应）En route在途中End objective最终目标Enhancing human capital through training and education通过教育与培训来增强人力资本的势力Enjoy more preferential government policies享受政府更多的优惠政策Enter into the very fabric of life走入真正的生活当中去Entrepreneurial skills and ingenuity企业经营技巧与创新Ethnic minority groups少数民族European Community欧洲共同体Excluded by direct reference明确指出不包括Executive aircraft公务飞机Executive housekeeper客房部主管Exhaust fumes废气Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组Extras各种额外费用Flag-carrier以国家航运为主业的国家航空公司Frequent flyer programmes飞行常客奖励计划Frontier formalities边境手续Games room游艺室Gard currency硬通货Gard-wired硬接线Generating areas旅游产生地Given no commensurate decline in living standards在不考虑生活水准大幅下降的情况下GNP) Gross national product国民生产总值High-spend visitors高消费游客Hold for old and new tourism用于旧旅游和新旅游Hotel chains饭店联号Impulse purchasing 冲动购买In the event of customer complaints如果顾客提出投诉In the form of holographs一全息照片的形式Inbound tourism入境旅游Income multiplie收入乘数Independent inclusive tour个体包价旅游Indulge in尽情享受Industry code of conduct行业行为规范In-flight magazines机上杂志In-house compute公司内部使用的计算机Instant culture文化快餐Insurance coverage保险范围Internal tourism境内旅游International tourism国际旅游Inter-office computer linkups办公室间的计算机连用Into its initial stage in the development cycle进入发展周期的初始阶段Invisible receipt无形收入Invisibles无形商品Itineraries旅游活动日程，旅游路线ITX)Inclusive Tour Excursion游览包价旅游Jet airliner喷气式飞机Jurisdictions管辖区Kurtaxe 疗养税Labor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业Lay analyst非专业分析Leisure time余暇Lesser developed countries较不发达国家Load factors飞机载客率，机座占有率Local color地方色彩Long-haul and short-haul长途和短途Long-haul domestic travel国内长距离旅游Make a profit 获得利润Make ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出Management know-how管理方面的实际技巧，经验Market oriented reforms以市场为导的改革Market segmentation市场细分Marketing tool市场营销工具Mass tourism大众旅游Monorails operated by magnetism靠磁力运行的单轨铁路More green更有环境保护意识Multi-stopover independent tours旅游中多次停留的散客National income国民收入National tourism国家级旅游Nature preserves/reserves自然保护区Need deficiencies需求不足Net discretionary incomes可以随意支配的收入Non-commodity currency非商品货币Non-profit overseas offices非营利性海外机构OECD)the organization for Economic cooperation and development经济合作与发展联盟On a case by case basis依据具体情况处理的原则Outbound tourism出境旅游Overseas Chinese海外华人Package tour包价旅游Paid holiday带薪假日Pay a premium交学费Peripheral environment周边环境Pleasure craft游乐船Police registration出境证明Potential travelers潜在的旅游者Preferential policies优惠政策Price inelastic无价格弹性Profit-making corporation盈利公司Publicity material 宣传品Purchasing agent采购员Purchasing power购买力pylons架线塔Quick access to information信息途径快捷Rare flora and fauna珍稀植物和动物Rates of inflation通货膨胀Recreation vehicles娱乐，行宿两用车Refusal to grant exit permits拒绝发放出境证明Relieving the pressure on other rural areas减轻时其他乡村地带的压力Repeat business回头客带来的生意Retail agencies 零售旅行社Return on sales销售回报Round trip往返旅行Round-the-world trip环球旅行Sales/distribution outlets销售网点Sand dunes沙丘Scale economies规模经济Scheduled liner定期客轮Scheduled or charter services不定期客运或包机服务Scope economies范围经济Severe environmental degradation from heavy usage由于使用频繁而造成的严重的环境恶化Ski pistes滑雪道skyscraper hotel syndrome摩天宾馆综合症society environmental needs社会环境需求source of revenue收入来源specialist operators专营某种旅游的经营商specialized tourism专项旅游stand-by fares候补票价subsidized exchange rates特别补贴兑换率Sunbathing日光浴tailor-made services特别服务项目target markets目标方面target sales目标销售额tax receipts税收收入terra cotta warriors and horses兵马俑tertiary industry第三产业the “Grand Tour”大旅游the aircraft is placed at the desposal of the operator飞机提供旅游自由支配the balance of payments on the tourism account旅游账目的收支平衡the budge market廉价市场the Caribbean Community加勒比共同体the deep-seated traditions根深蒂固的传统the done thing 合乎俗礼的事the drawing power吸引力the East Caribbean Common Market加勒比海共同市场the ecological balance生态平衡the Eurasian Continent欧亚大陆the Far East远东the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the idea of prepotency优先原理The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics联合国统计委员会the International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织the jargon of marketing营销学的术语the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the local share of the market当地市场份额the luxury market豪华市场the midscale market中级市场the mode of travel旅行方式The National Travel Survey国民旅游调查the supply and demand equilibrium供求平衡关系the support services辅助服务the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易与发展The US Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心TIM)Tourism Income Multiplier旅游收入增值to give full exposures to China’s tourism resources以充分展现中国的旅游to have family reunions举家团聚to package their own tours组合自己的报价旅游tour basing fares航空包价旅游票价tour brochure旅游宣传册tourism boom旅游业的繁荣Tourist interests旅游者权益Tourist operators旅游经营商Transit travelers过境旅游者Travel for travel’s sake为旅游而旅游Travel principals旅游经营商Travel retailers旅游零售商/代理商Trunk route airlines干线航空公司Umbrella brochure伞式宣传册Unit costs单位成本United Nations General Assembly联合国大会V AT)Value added tax增值税Vertical integration垂直合并Visual pollution视觉污染Wind erosion风蚀Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传Word of mouth 口碑World cultural heritage世界文化遗产Low countries低地国家vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会air carriers航空公司waybills运货单accreditation services审定工作ICAO)the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织PATA) The Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会（太亚旅协）disposable income 可自由支配的收入non-residential travel 非居住地旅游natural reserve 自然保护区Sustainable development 可持续发展Discretionary time 可自由支配的时间Ethnic tour 民俗风情游Contrived attractions 人文旅游景点Invisible products 无形产品Cultural heritage 文化遗产Package tour 包价旅游Landscape poetry 山水诗Maritime commerce 海上贸易Outbound tourists 出境旅游者Complete harmony of man and nature天人合Foreign exchange income 外汇收入Nation of tourists 旅游容源国Temper one's wills 磨炼意志Offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth 封禅Terracotta soldiers and horses 兵马俑A carefree journey 逍遥游Encyclopedic knowledge 渊博的知识（万事通）Cultural accomplishment 文化素养To be chest out and stomach in 挺胸收腹A land of protocol 礼仪之邦Customers foremost ,service best 宾客第一服务至上Eye contact 眼神交流Psychological qualities 心里素质Repeated customers 回头客Courtesy and etiquettes 礼貌礼仪Personal hygiene 个人卫生The Marble Archway 牌坊Spring at Su Causeway 苏堤春晓Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 三潭映月Peak Flown From Afar 飞来峰The Big Wild Goose Pagoda 大雁塔The Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿The Hall of Praying for Good Harvest 祈年殿Listening to Orioles Singing in the Willows柳浪闻莺The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇兵马俑The Forest of Stone Tablets 西安碑林Buddhist Paradise 极乐世界To do service 做礼拜The Theory of Five Elements 五行学说Book of Changes 易经Do not to do others what you do not want done to yourself 己所不欲勿施于人The art of Buddhist figures 佛像艺术The Temple of Three Pures 三清宫The Temple of Town God 城隍庙Make a pilgrimage to Mecca 朝觐麦加Easter 复活节Sutra Library 藏经阁Old Homes in the southern Anhui 皖南古居The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤宁宫Glazed tiles 琉璃瓦Circular stone terrace 圆形汉白玉台基Timber structure 木结构Place of excellent geomantic quality 风水宝地The symmetrical plain layout 对称平面布局Stone animals and human statues 石像生The Main Buddha Hall 大雄宝殿Art of gardening 造园艺术Monastery gardens 寺庙园林Come back to nature 回归自然View borrowing 借景The Mountain-in-View Tower 见山楼The zigzag bridge 曲桥View hindering 障景The Bonsai Garden 盆景园Inscribed tablets 匾额楹联Water-side pavilions 水榭Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork 蚂蚁上树Traditional medicine and food share a common origin 衣食同源Savory and Crisp Duck 香酥鸡Clear Stewed Meatballs in Yangzhou清炖扬州狮头Stewed mixed vegetables 罗汉斋Chicken cubes with chili peppers 辣子鸡丁Vegetarian "chicken " 素鸡Table manners 餐桌礼仪Eight treasure porridge 八宝粥Melon carving arts 瓜雕艺术Bodiless lacquer ware 脱胎漆器Elegant modelling and lustrous color造型大方.色泽光润Hand-stitching work 挑花An embroidery bamboo scroll 刺绣竹卷轴画Glazing techniques 上釉技术Neolithic relics 新石器时代遗址Yixing Zisha (Purple Clay )ware 宜兴紫沙陶Veined porcelain 纹片瓷The double-sided embroidery 双面绣Chrysanthemum stone carving 菊花石雕The Autumnal Equinox 秋分Height Ascending Festival 登高节Nature walks in spring 踏青Dragon Boat Racing 龙舟赛Stamping on the Flower Hill Festival踩花山节Grain in ear 芒种Set off firecrackers 放鞭炮Cultural connotations 文化内涵Walk on stilts 踩高跷Enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum 赏菊Intercultural communication 跨文化交际Interaction function 交互功能Verbal greetings 言语问候Intonation patterns 语调模式High context culture 高文化语境Language barriers 语言障碍Cultural difference factors 文化差异因素Drop one's voice to a low pitch 降低声调Culture shock 文化休克Behavior patterns 行为方式Look somebody in the eye 正视M-time and P-time 单一性时间观与多样性时间观Eye movement 眼部动作Touching behavior 触摸行为Culture acquisition 文化习得To kill time 消磨时间Nonverbal behaviors 非言语行为sit cross -legged翘二郎腿To save face 顾全面子Space orientation 空间取向Rule of protocol 礼仪规范Exchange pleasantries 寒暄Ethnic heritage 民族传统Put a burden on 增加负担A floral arrangement 饰有花卉图案的安排表Etiquettes and taboos 礼仪与禁忌Good quality wine 优质葡萄酒Lightly kissing on the cheeks 轻吻脸颊a token of affection 慈爱表现The extended family 大家庭Lesson 1 What is tourism?1.Four different perspectives of tourism(要考虑的四个不同方面)：The tourist / The business providingtourist goods and services / The government of the host community or area / The host community2.The importance of giving a definition of tourism(旅游定义的重要性)：Each of the many definitions thathave arisen is aimed at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem,and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline.3.One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities tounderstand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted.4.WTO definitions(WTO 下的定义)1)The definitions of tourism(旅游)：Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and stayingin places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business and other purposes.2)The definitions of international tourism(国际旅游)a)Inbound tourism(入境旅游):visits to a country by nonresidentsb)Outbound tourism（出境旅游）:visits by residents of a country to another country3)The definitions of internal tourism（境内旅游）:visits by residents of a country to their own country4)The definitions of domestic tourism（国内旅游）: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourismmarket of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)5)The definitions of national tourism（国家级旅游）: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(theresident market tourism market for travel agents and airlines)5.Tourism as defined by...(其他国家或地区定义)1)The United States(美国)：A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50miles(one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs,or any other purpose except to commute to work,whether he stays overnight or returns the same day.2)Canada（加拿大）:nonresident travelers, resident travelers, and other travelers.Both nonresidenttravelers and resident travelers include both same-day and business muters are included and are not distinguished from other same-day business travelers. Other travelers consist of immigrants, former residents, military personnel, and crews.3)The United Kingdom（英国）:It measures all trips away from home lasting one or night or more,takenby residents for holidays,visits to friends and relatives(non holiday), or for business, conferences, and most other purposes.4)Australia（澳大利亚）:A person visiting a location at least 40 km from his usual place of residence, fora period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding twelve months.5)China（中国）：The sum of all the phenomena and relations arising from the travel and temporary stayby people who have left home to go to other places to visit.Notes；Leisure time余暇 a study tour考察旅游 a wilderness park天然公园vital to对...至关重要the rail of a cruise ship游船栏杆make a profit获得利润tax receipts税收收入the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the sum total收入乘数august bodies权威机构...arriving at a consensus达到统一round trip往返旅行narrow operational definitions只限于实际操作的定义come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted做出一个能被普遍接受的定义The League of Nations联合国WTO：World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织OECD：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics 国际旅游统计会议The United Nations Statistical Commission 联合国统计委员会International tourism国际旅游Inbound tourism 入境旅游Outbound tourism 出境旅游Internal tourism 国际旅游Domestic tourism 国内旅游National tourism 国家级旅游The National Travel Survey（美国）国民旅游调查The U.S. Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心Round trip 往返旅行Hospitality industry 旅游服务业One-way trip 单程旅游China Tourism Statistic Annual 中国旅游统计年鉴The United Kingdom Tourism Survey 英国旅游调查The National Tourist Board of England 英格兰国家旅游委员会Lesson 2 Mass tourism and New tourism1.Modern tourism1)The Grand Tour（大旅游）:A tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but notexclusively for education and pleasure.2)The first package holiday built around air transport:This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, aRussian emigre educated at the London School of Economics.2.Mass tourism（大众旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:standardization and rigidity2)Four conditions（4个条件）:a)The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and inflexible.No part of the holiday couldbe altered except by paying higher prices.b)The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scaleeconomies as the driving force.c)The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.d)The holiday is consumed en mass, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms,culture, people or the environment of tourist receiving destinations.3.New tourism（新旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:one of the key characteristic s of the new tourism is flexibility---flexibleconsumers, flexible services and the flexibility of products to more with the market.2)Conditions（条件）:a)The holiday is flexible and can be purchased at prices that are competitive withmass-produced holidays.b)Production of travel and tourism-related services are not dominated by scale economiesalone.Tailor-made services will be produced while still taking advantages of scaleeconomies where they apply.c)Production is increasingly driven by the requirements of consumers.d)The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints andtravel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm.e)The holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers,more educated, more destination oriented, more independent, more flexible and more‘green’f)Consumers look at the environment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key partof the holiday experience.3)Five main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:a)New consumersb)New technologiesc)New production practicesd)New management techniquese)Changes in the industry’s frame conditionsNotes:Harks back to可追溯到，开始于Low Countries低地国家package tours包价旅游Was equated with相等purchasing power购买力coupled with外加，加上Paid holidays带薪假日mass tourism大众旅游charter flights包机航班Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合diagonal integration斜向联合Market segmentation市场细分airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断takes hold固定下来，确立Customized cervices按要求提供的服务dominant paradigm主要形式geared to适应More green更有环保意识scale economics规模经济scope economics范围经济Tailor-made services特别服务项目at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港holds for适用于Take hold抓住spur on飞驰Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝Grand Tour 大旅游Low Countries 低地国家Thomas Cook 托马斯-库克Package tours 包价旅游Thomas Cook and Son托马斯-库克父子公司Purchasing power 购买力Paid holiday 带薪假日Charter tour 包机旅游Mass tourism 大众旅游Rigidly packaged 团体包机制Charter tourism 包机航班Airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断Mediterranean 地中海Market segment 市场细分Diagonal integration 斜向联合Customized services 按要求提供的服务项目Dominant paradigm 主要形式More green 更有环保意识Take hold 确定下来Scale economies规模经营Scope economies 范围经济Tailor-made services 特别服务项目Water transportation 水上运输Hellenistic urban system 希腊城邦制French Revolution 法国革命The Battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役Far East 远东Lesson 3 Tourism Organizations1.International Organizations（国际旅游）:1)World Tourism Organization---WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入It is the only organization that represents all national and official tourists interests.2)International Air Transport Association---IATA 国际航空运输协会，中国1999年加入It is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.3)International Civil Aviation Organization---ICAO 国际民航组织，1971年加入It is an organization of some 80 governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale.2.Regional international Organizations（区域性国际组织）:1)Organization for Economic Cooperation Development---OECD 经济合作与发展组织2)Pacific Asia Travel Association---PATA 太平洋亚洲旅行协会，简称“太亚旅协”，中国已加入3.National Organization（国家组织）:1)The United States Travel and Tourism Administration美国旅行和旅游管理2)The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游局Notes:Access to能进入，能适用tourist operators旅游经营商police registration出境证明Frontier formalities边境手续air carriers航空公司baggage checks行李票Accreditation services审定工作contracting countries签约国in accordance with根据Apply to适用于be of use有用的eligible for合格，够资格concentrate on集中于Rank ICAO：the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织IATA：the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会PNS：Passenger Network Services乘客网络服务公司PATA：Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会USTTA：United States Travel and Tourism Administration 美国旅行和旅游协会CNTA：The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游管理局ECOSOC：Economic and Social Council of the UN联合国经济组织及社会理事会Tourist operators 旅游经营商Frontier formalities边境手续（过境手续）Air carriers 航空公司Baggage checks 行李票Accreditation service审定工作Contracting countries签约国Set rate 统一汇率International Organizations 国际（性）组织Regional International Organizations地区性国际组织National Organizations国家级旅游组织On a worldwide scale 世界规模Police registration 出境证明as排名second to仅次于engaged in从事于Lesson 4 Defining the Person1.International travel1)The first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical Experts（统计专家委员会第一次提出的建议）The first recommendation made in 1963 by the Committee of Statistical Experts of the short-lived League of Nations. Their definition described an international tourist as anyone visiting a country, other than that which is usual place of residence, for more than 24 hours.2)The modification made by the IUOTO（IUOTO的修改）：The International Union of Official Travel Organization(IUOTO) resurrected and modified the Committee’s definition in 1950 by including students on study tours as tourists and by specifying a new type of traveler called an international excursionist.3)Distinction between tourists and visitors drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel andTourism（1963联合国在罗马召开的国际旅游会议对游客和游客之间的区别）：It drew a distinction between tourists ,who stayed for more than 24 hours, and visiters, who stayed for less than 24 hours.4)The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the ExpertStatistical Group（专家统计所建议的游客和游客或远足之间的区别）：They suggested that the distinction be made between tourists, who stayed overnight, and day visitors or Excursionists, who did not.5)Terms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981（1981年WTO公布的相关条款的定义）：International visiters are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists:International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.International excursionists: visitors who do not spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.2.Domestic travelWTO’s guidelines for the definition of domestic tourism（WTO对国内旅游定义的指导方针）：They urge national tourism organization to:a)Include both citizens and foreign nationals in their country as domestic travelers.b)Exclude travel associated with the pursuit of employment, such as commuting.c)Make a distinction between extended or permanent migration and short-term migration or travel.d)Make a further distinction between stays of more than 24 hours(or overnight) and less than 24 hours(ornot involving overnight stays).Notes:Evolved out of从...演变而来en route在途中transit travelers过境旅游者Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组in the capacity of以...的身份 a lay-over短暂停留Take up拿起be identical to与...相同impose on利用IUOUT：International Union of Official Travel Organizations 国际官方旅游组织联盟Expert Statistical Group 专家统计小组The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展大会The East Caribbean Common Market 东加勒比共同市场The Caribbean Community加勒比共同体A lay-over 短暂停留International Travel 国际旅游Domestic Travel 国内旅游En route 在途中Transit traveler 过境旅游者International excursionist 国际短途旅游者Domestic excursionist国内短途旅游者Day visitor 当日往返者International visitor 国际游客International traveler国际旅游者In-transit passenger 途中游览者(途中旅游者)Domestic traveler国内旅游者Resident traveler 居民旅游者Non- resident traveler 非居民旅游者Business traveler 商务旅游者（商务旅行者）Pleasure travel 消遣旅游者（娱乐型旅游者）Destination country 目的国Permanent migration 永久移民Short-term migration 短期移民Tourism promotion 旅游宣传Intercontinental travel 洲际旅游Intracontinental travel跨国旅行Interregional travel 区域旅行Intraregional travel 地方旅行Cultural tourist 文化旅行者Lesson 5Determining Factors of Tourism1.objective conditions of tourism（客观条件）1)positive effects on demands（积极影响）: discretionary incomes/ increased educational standards/increased leisure time/ improved transport2)negative effects on demands（消极影响）: life cycle of the family2.motivation of tourism（旅游动机）1)The role of marketing（市场营销中的作用）：It is the role of marketing to suggest objectives---cruises,flights, or vacations---to satisfy needs, an awareness of which has already been created.2)Maslow’s hierachy of needs model（马斯洛的需要层次模型）：a)Physiological---hunger, thirst, rest, activityb)Safety---security, freedom from fear and anxietyc)Belonging and love---affection, giving and receiving loved)Esteem self esteem and esteem from otherse)Self-actualization---personal self-fulfillmentNotes:Net discretionary incomes可随意支配的净收入resultant promotion职位的提升indulge in尽情享受the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the mode of travel旅行方式dealers in dreams销售梦幻Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施need deficiencies需求不足opt for选择end objective最终目标lay out设计（城市、花园等）hierachy of needs model需要层次模型submit to服从，听任in light of看作the idea of prepotency优先原理be embodied in体现Indulge in 尽情享受Dealers in dreams 销售梦幻Need deficiencies 需求不足End objective 最终目标Lay out 设计Opt for 选择Submit to 服从The idea of prepotency 优先原理Tourist resorts 旅游胜地International holiday国际假日Railway excursion 火车短程旅行Travel agent 旅行代理商Tourist motivation 旅游动机Off-peak period 旅游淡季Peak holiday period 旅游旺季Travel mode 旅行方式Tourist routs 旅行线路Net earning 净收入Spa vocation 在矿泉疗养地度假Bus and coach tour 公共汽车，旅行车观光游览Transportation mode 交通工具Lesson 6 Types of Tourists and Their Needs1.Types of tourists(旅游者类型)：rest and relaxation/ cultural visits/ educational visits/ exotic andunusual holidays/ travel as a norm of behavior/ business travel/ other travelers for pleasure2.Business travel1)Five points which influence decisions for business（影响商务决策的5点）：a)Type of customer to be visitedb)Type of industry to be visitedc)Locations of customers/industryd)Timing and duration of visitse)Reason or need for visit2)Business travel in the United States（美国的商务旅游）:In the USA about 10 per cent of all trip involveup to thirty nights in a hotel.3)Business travel in Britain（英国商务旅游）:Britain, with an international or export-orientated businessactivity was in the upper end of these figures.Notes:in that在...方面the jargon of marketing营销学术语be dictated by取决于on offer出售，提供the support辅助服务cultural/educational visits文化/修学旅游be of prime importance最重要的exotic and unusual holidays猎奇旅游in character with与...本质上一致balanced by被...抵消all and sundry所有人，全部rare flora and fauna珍惜植物和动物local color地方色彩is ascribed to因为...造成的travel for travel’s sake为了旅游而旅游the foregoing前述各项the done thing合乎俗礼的事be addicted to沉溺于price inelastic无价格弹性appropriate for/to相称的be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务人员的需要提供服务Support services 辅助服务Cultural visit 文化旅游Educational visits 教育旅游，修学旅游Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游On offer 出售，提供All and sundry 全部，所有的人Rare flora and fauna 珍惜植物和动物The Amazon River 亚马逊河The done thing 合乎俗礼的事Travel for travel’s sake 为了旅游而旅游Duration of trip 逗留时间Travel abroad 海外旅游Monte Carlo or Las Vegas 蒙特卡洛Price inelastic 无价格弹性Adventure holiday 探险旅游Culture tourist 文化旅游者Religious purpose 宗教目的Tourism market 旅游市场Non-seasonal 无季节性Full pension 全食宿Half pension 半食宿Trekking holiday 徒步旅行Local colour 地方色彩Five-star hotel 五星级饭店Lesson 7 Travel Agents（旅游代理）1.The role of travel agents1)Differences between the travel agent’s role and that of other retailers（旅行社和其他零售商的差异）：agents do not purchase a product for resale to their customers.2)Implications of these differences（差异影响）:a)The cost of setting up in business is comparatively small compared to that of other retailbusinessb)Agents are not seeking to dispose of products they have already purchased, so will thereforedisplay less brand loyalty towards a particular product or company3)The main role of the travel agent（主要角色）:to provide a convenient location for the purchase oftravel.4)Range of services（服务范围）:not only on the basis of the commission each earns but alsodepending upon the demand in an area, the degree of specialization of the agency and the preferences and marketing policies of the proprietor.2.Travel agency skills and competencies1)Factors in the agency’s success(成功因素):good management and good service.2)Functions of staff（职能）:a)Advising potential travelers on resorts, carriers, travel companies and travel facilitiesworld-wideb)Making reservations for all travel requirementsc)Planning itineraries of all kinds, including complex muitistopover independent toursd)Accurately computing airline and other farese)Issuing travel tickets and vouchersf)Communicating by telephone and letter with travel principals and customersg)Maintaining accurate files on reservationsh)Maintaining and displaying stocks of travel brochuresi)Interceding with principals in the event of customer complaints3)Counter-staff skills（技能）:a)The ability to read timetables and other data sourcesb)To construct airline faresc)To write ticketsd)To have sufficient knowledge of their customers to be able to match customer needs with theproducts availablee)Can competently operate computers, especially computer reservations systemsNotes:Travel principals旅游经营商travel retailers旅游零售商（代理商）retail agencies零售旅行社Sales outles---distribution outlets销售网点vie with与...竞争air fares航空票价Decide against决定不... decide on/upon就某事做出决定source of revenue收入来源Brand loyalty对某一特定品牌的信赖target sales目标销售额return on sales销售回报Look to...(for)指望...，希望（从）...得到car hire小汽车出租word of mouth口碑Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传the local share of the market当场市场份额Potential travelers潜在的旅游者in the event of如果basic point-to-point air fares两地间基本航空运价Suffice to say that只要说..就够了back office and front office后台和前台hard wired硬接线Capital investment资本投资come to terms with接受to package their own tours组合自己的包价旅游Is ideally suited for非常适合stands in the way of阻挡take on带上dispose of处理set up成立Tour wholesaler 旅游批发商Tour operator 旅游经营商。

英美文化差异论文摘要文化是一个复合体，其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他能力和习惯。

交际的过程是人们运用语言知识和社会文化知识传递信息的过程，所以学习语言与了解语言所反映的文化背景知识是分不开的。

了解英语文化知识，有助于交际畅通并有效地进行。

相反，缺乏了解英语文化背景知识必然导致交际障碍，冲突和误解。

我的论文所谈的不是因为语法结构出错而导致的词不达意，而且指说话方式的不妥，或不符合表达的习惯，或说得不合时宜。

说话人未能按照英美人的社会风俗习惯来交谈所造成的失误。

交际文化涉及面非常广，从日常见面问候、称赞、致谢、道歉到了解掌握委婉语、禁忌语乃至体态语言等，所以我们要在培养学生英语语言能力的同时，更多地让同学们识别和了解英汉两种交际文化的差异。

让我们更深入的学习英语，了解英语文化的背景和我们学习英语息息相关。

让更多的中国英语使用者在跨文化交际中意识到文化差异的存在，从而知道如何避免由于这种差异带来不必要的冲突，误解和尴尬，让他们在跨文化交际中能进行无障碍的交流。

关键词: 文化差异语言能力文化背景跨文化iAbstractCulture is a complex, including knowledge and belief, art, morals, law, custom, and members of the society who acquired as any other capabilities and habits.The process of communication is people use the language knowledge and social and cultural knowledge transfer information process, so learning language and understanding language reflect the cultural background knowledge is not divided.Understanding of English culture knowledge, help communication unblocked and efficient manner. Instead, lack of understanding of English cultural background knowledge will inevitably lead to communication barriers, conflict and misunderstanding.My thesis not because they are talking to grammar mistakes, and refers to the way the thought of not satisfactory, or do not accord with the habit of expression, or, to be out of date.Speaker fails to the Anglo-American social custom caused by mistake to talk. Range is very wide, communication culture from daily greetings, praise, meet thanks, apologize to the understanding of the euphemism, taboo language and even posture language etc, so we should in training students’ English language ability, meanwhile, more let classmates recognition and understanding of the two communicative English and Chinese cultural difference.Let us more in-depth study English, understand English culture background and we learn English is closely linked. Let more Chinese English speakers in cross-cultural communication is aware of the cultural differences, and know how to avoid unnecessary because the difference of conflict, and misunderstandings and embarrassed, let themin cross-cultural communication can for freely.Keywords: cultural differences language ability cultural background cross-culturaliiContents摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)1 Introduction (1)2 The Purpose and Meaning of this Research (3)2.1 The Purpose (3)2.2 The Meaning (3)3 Comparison of the Traditional Cultures (5)3.1 Chinese V alues and Beliefs (5)3.1.1 V alues of Collectivism and Harmony (5)3.1.2 Hierarchy and Humility (5)3.1.3 Courtesy /Good Manners (5)3.2 American V alues and Beliefs (6)3.2.1 Individual Freedom and Self-Reliance (6)3.2.2 Equality of Opportunity and Competition..............................................................错误！未定义书签。

商务英语⼝语教学⼤纲《商务英语⼝语》课程教学⼤纲⼀、课程基本信息课程代码：095072课程名称：商务英语⼝语英⽂名称：Oral Business English课程类别：公共选修课学时：36学时学分：2适⽤对象: ⾮英语专业本科⽣考核⽅式：考查先修课程：⼤学英语⼆、课程简介商务英语⼝语课是为⼴东商学院⾮英语专业学⽣开设的英语选修课。

本课程的教学安排为每周两课时，共36学时⼀学期。

本课程共分10个单元，分别介绍了各种商务话题和场景，包括会⾯、商务通话、商务演讲、会谈、商务旅⾏、商务谈判、企业⽂化与员⼯动⼒、领导⽔平、交易会及成功⾯试等。

主要采取分组讨论、⾓⾊扮演、案例分析等形式，以学⽣为中⼼，熟悉各种商务场景，有效掌握沟通技能，提⾼英语⼝头表达和交往能⼒。

Oral Business English is a selective course for non-English majors in Guangdong University of Business Studies. The course is classroom based, with two 45-minute periods per week, total 36 periods a semester. It is divided into 10 chapters introducing various business topics and situations including face-to-face communication, telephoning, business presentations, job interviews, business travel and entertainment, negotiations, leadership, trade fair, corporate culture and staff motivation. The main purpose of this course is to familiarize students with various business situations and help them master effective communication skills. By doing plenty of pair work, group discussions, and role playing, students are expected to be able to use English appropriately, flexibly and creatively.三、课程性质与教学⽬的本课程的适⽤对象为具有⼀定英语基础的⾮英语专业本科⽣。

英语作文-游客航空出行的登机须知了解，避免疏忽Welcome aboard! As a passenger on a tourist airline, it is important to familiarize yourself with the boarding instructions to ensure a smooth and hassle-free journey. This document will provide you with all the necessary information to make your travel experience enjoyable and stress-free.1. Ticket and Identification:Before boarding, please ensure that you have your ticket and a valid form of identification, such as a passport or national ID card. These documents will be checked at the boarding gate, so keep them easily accessible.2. Baggage Allowance:Each passenger is allowed a certain amount of baggage, both carry-on and checked. Please check your ticket or contact the airline to know the specific weight and size restrictions for your luggage. Exceeding the limits may result in additional charges or the need to repack your bags.3. Security Check:To maintain the safety of all passengers, a security check will be conducted before boarding. Please remove any metal objects, liquids, and electronics from your bags and place them in the provided trays. Follow the instructions of the security personnel and cooperate fully to expedite the process.4. Boarding Pass:To board the aircraft, you must have a boarding pass. This can be obtained either at the check-in counter or through online check-in. Ensure that you have your boarding pass ready, either in print or on your mobile device, for scanning at the gate.5. Boarding Process:Boarding usually begins approximately 30 minutes before the scheduled departure time. Listen for announcements or follow the instructions displayed on the screens at the gate. Passengers with special needs, families with young children, and those requiring extra assistance will be given priority boarding.6. Seat Assignment:Most tourist airlines offer pre-assigned seating. Check your boarding pass for your seat number and locate it once you enter the aircraft. If you have any specific seating preferences or requirements, inform the airline in advance, and they will do their best to accommodate you.7. Safety Instructions:Once onboard, pay attention to the safety instructions provided by the cabin crew. Familiarize yourself with the location of emergency exits, oxygen masks, and life jackets. In the event of an emergency, remain calm and follow the crew's instructions.8. In-Flight Services:Sit back, relax, and enjoy your flight! Tourist airlines offer a range of in-flight services, including meals, beverages, and entertainment options. Feel free to request assistance from the cabin crew if you have any special dietary requirements or need help with any other matters.9. Arrival and Disembarkation:Upon arrival at your destination, wait until the aircraft comes to a complete stop before unbuckling your seatbelt. Follow the instructions of the cabin crew regarding disembarkation and collect any personal belongings you may have brought on board. If you have checked baggage, proceed to the designated baggage claim area.10. Feedback and Complaints:If you have any feedback or complaints about your travel experience, contact the airline's customer service department. They will assist you in resolving any issues or concerns you may have encountered during your journey.In conclusion, by familiarizing yourself with these boarding instructions, you can ensure a smooth and enjoyable travel experience on a tourist airline. Remember to follow all the guidelines, cooperate with the airline staff, and have a fantastic trip!。