Aesthetics：Design for Manufacture

产品内在设计英文作文When it comes to product design, the most important thing is to make sure it's user-friendly. The design should be intuitive and easy to understand, so that anyone can pick up the product and know how to use it without needing a manual.Aesthetics also play a crucial role in product design. People are drawn to products that look good, so it's important to pay attention to the visual appeal of the design. This includes everything from the color scheme to the materials used.Functionality is another key aspect of product design.A well-designed product should not only look good, but also serve its purpose effectively. This means that the design should take into account the practical needs of the user and make the product easy and enjoyable to use.Innovation is essential in product design. A trulygreat product design should push the boundaries and bring something new and exciting to the table. This could be in the form of a new technology, a new way of solving a problem, or simply a new and original design concept.The sustainability of the product design is also important. In today's world, it's crucial to consider the environmental impact of the products we create. This means using sustainable materials, designing products that are built to last, and minimizing waste in the production process.Ultimately, a successful product design is one that combines all of these elements in a way that creates a product that is not only useful and practical, but also beautiful, innovative, and sustainable.。

设计师常用英语词之（一）——工业设计1 设计 Design2 现代设计 Modern Design3 工艺美术设计 Craft Design4 工业设计 Industrial Design5 广义工业设计 Genealized Industrial Design6 狭义工业设计 Narrow Industrial Design7 产品设计 Product Design8 传播设计 Communication Design8 环境设计 Environmental Design9 商业设计 Comercial Design10 建筑设计 Architectural11 一维设计 One-dimension Design12 二维设计 Tow-dimension Design13 三维设计 Three-dimension Design14 四维设计 Four-dimension Design15 装饰、装潢 Decoration16 家具设计 Furniture Design17 玩具设计 Toy Design18 室内设计 Interior Design19 服装设计 Costume Design20 包装设计 ackaging Design21 展示设计 Display Design22 城市规划 Urban Desgin23 生活环境 Living Environment24 都市景观 Townscape25 田园都市 Gardon City26 办公室风致 Office Landscape27 设计方法论 Design Methodology28 设计语言 Design Language29 设计条件 Design Condition30 结构设计 Structure Design31 形式设计 Form Design32 设计过程 Design Process33 构思设计 Concept Design34 量产设计，工艺设计 Technological Design35 改型设计 Model Change36 设计调查 Design Survey37 事前调查 Prior Survey38 动态调查 Dynamic Survey39 超小型设计 Compact type40 袖珍型设计 Pocktable Type41 便携型设计 Protable type42 收纳型设计 Selfcontainning Design43 装配式设计 Knock Down Type44 集约化设计 Stacking Type45 成套化设计 Set (Design)46 家族化设计 Family (Design)47 系列化设计 Series (Design)48 组合式设计 Unit Design49 仿生设计 Bionics Design50 功能 Function51 独创性 Originality52 创造力 Creative Power53 外装 Facing54 创造性思维 Creating Thinking55 等价变换思维 Equivalent Transformationn Thought56 KJ法 Method of K.J57 戈顿法 Synectice58 集体创造性思维法 Brain Storming59 设计决策 (Design) Decision Making60 T-W-M体系 T-W-M system61 O-R-M体系 O-R-M system62 印象战略 Image Stralegy63 AIDMA原则 Law of AIDMA64 功能分化 Functional Differentiation65 功能分析 Functional Analysis66 生命周期 Life Cycle67 照明设计 Illumination Design材料与加工成型技术（英）1 材料 Material2 材料规划 Material Planning3 材料评价 Material Appraisal4 金属材料 Metal Materials5 无机材料 Inorganic Materials6 有机材料 Organic Materials7 复合材料 Composite Materials8 天然材料 Natural Materials9 加工材料 Processing Materials10 人造材料 Artificial Materials11 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal12 有色金属 Nonferrous Metal13 轻金属材料 Light Metal Materials14 辅助非铁金属材料 Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials15 高熔点金属材料 High Melting Point Metal Materials16 贵金属材料 Precions Metal Materials17 辅助非铁金属材料 Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials18 高熔点金属材料 High Melting Point Metal Materials19 贵金属材料 Precions Metal Materials20 陶瓷 Ceramics21 水泥 Cement22 搪瓷、珐琅 Enamel23 玻璃 Glass24 微晶玻璃 Glass Ceramics25 钢化玻璃 Tuflite Glass26 感光玻璃 Photosensitive Glass27 纤维玻璃 Glass Fiber28 耐热玻璃 Hear Resisting Glass29 塑料 Plastics30 通用塑料 Wide Plastics31 工程塑料 Engineering Plastics32 热塑性树脂 Thermoplastic Resin33 热固性树脂 Thermosetting Resin34 橡胶 Rubber35 粘接剂 Adhesives36 涂料 Paints37 树脂 Resin38 聚合物 Polymer39 聚丙烯树脂 Polypropylene40 聚乙烯树脂 Polyethylene Resin41 聚苯乙烯树脂 Polystyrene Resin42 聚氯乙烯树脂Polyvinyl Chloride Resin43 丙烯酸树脂 Methyl Methacrylate Resin44 聚烯胺树脂，尼龙 Polyamide Resin45 氟化乙烯树脂 Polyfurol Resin46 聚缩醛树脂 Polyacetal Resin47 聚碳酸脂树脂 Polycarbonate Resin48 聚偏二氯乙烯树脂 Polyvinylidene Resin49 聚醋酸乙烯脂树脂 Polyvinyl Acetate Resin50 聚烯亚胺树脂 Polyimide Resin51 酚醛树脂 Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin52 尿素树脂 Urea Formaldehyde Resin53 聚酯树脂 Polyester Resin54 环痒树脂 Epoxy Resin55 烯丙基树脂 Allyl Resin56 硅树脂 Silicone Resin57 聚氨酯树脂 Polyurethane Resin58 密胺 Melamine Formaldehyde Resin59 ABS树脂 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Redin60 感光树脂 Photosensition Plastics61 纤维强化树脂 Fiber Reinforced Plastic62 印刷油墨 Printing Ink63 印刷用纸 Printing Paper64 铜板纸 Art Paper65 木材 Wood66 竹材 Bamboo67 树脂装饰板 Decorative Sheet68 蜂窝机制板 Honey Comb Core Panel69 胶合板 Veneer70 曲木 Bent Wood71 浸蜡纸 Waxed Paper72 青铜 Bronge73 薄壳结构 Shell Construction74 技术 Technic75 工具 Tool76 金工 Metal Work77 铸造 Casting78 切削加工 Cutting79 压力加工 Plastic Working80 压力加工 Plastic Working81 焊接 Welding82 板金工 Sheetmetal Woek83 马赛克 Mosaic84 塑性成型 Plastic Working85 灌浆成型 Slip Casting86 挤出成型 Sqeezing87 注压成型 Injection Molding88 加压成型 Pressing89 水压成型 Cold Isostatic Pressing90 加压烧结法 Hot Pressing91 HIP成型 Hot Isostatic Pressing92 压缩成型 Compression Molding Pressing93 气压成型 Blow Molding94 压延成型 Calendering95 转送成型 Transfer Molding96 雌雄成型 Slash Molding97 铸塑成型 Casting98 喷涂成型 Spray Up99 层积成型 Laminating100 FW法 Fillament Winding101 粘接与剥离 Adhesion and Excoriation 102 木材工艺 Woodcraft103 竹材工艺 Bamboo Work104 表面技术 Surface Technology105 镀饰 Plating106 涂饰 Coating107 电化铝 Alumite108 烫金 Hot Stamping109 预制作 Prefabrication110 预制住宅 Prefabricated House111 悬臂梁 Cantilever112 金属模具 Mold113 型板造型 Modeling of Teplate114 染料 Dyestuff115 颜料 Artist Color设计美学与设计实验（英）1 美 Beauty2 现实美 Acture Beauty3 自然美 Natural Beauty4 社会美 Social Beauty5 艺术美 Artisitc Beauty6 内容与形式 Content and Form7 形式美 Formal Beauty8 形式原理 Principles and Form9 技术美 Beauty of Technology10 机械美 Beauty of Machine11 功能美 Functional Beauty12 材料美 Beauty of Material13 美学 Aesthetics14 技术美学 Technology Aesthetics15 设计美学 Design Aesthetics16 生产美学 PAroduction Aesthetics17 商品美学 Commodity Aedthetics18 艺术 Art19 造型艺术 Plastic Arts20 表演艺术 Performance Art21 语言艺术 Linguistic Art22 综合艺术 Synthetic Arts23 实用艺术 Practical Art24 时间艺术 Time Art25 空间艺术 Spatial Art26 时空艺术 Time and Spatial Art27 一维艺术 One Dimantional28 二维艺术 two Dimantional29 三维艺术 Three Dimantional30 四维艺术 Four Dimantional31 舞台艺术 Stagecraft32 影视艺术 Arts of Mmovie and Television33 环境艺术 Environmental Art34 美术 Fine Arts35 戏剧 Drama36 文学 Literature37 意匠 Idea38 图案 Pattern39 构思 Conception40 构图 Composition41 造型 Formation42 再现 Representation43 表现 Expression44 构成 Composition45 平面构成 Tow Dimentional Composition46 立体构成 Three Dimentional Composition47 色彩构成 Color Composition48 空间构成 Composition of Space49 音响构成 Composition and Sound50 多样与统一 Unity of Multiplicity51 平衡 Balance52 对称 Symmetry53 调和、和声 Harmony54 对比 Contrast55 类似 Similarity56 比例 Proportion57 黄金分割 Golden Section58 节奏 Rhythm59 旋律 Melody60 调子 Tone61 变奏 Variation62 纹样 Pattern63 形态 Form64 有机形态 Organic Form65 抽象形态 Abstract Form66 简化形态 Simptified Form67 变形 Deformation68 图学 Graphics69 透视画法 Perspective70 线透视 Linear Perspective71 视点 Eye on Picture Plane72 灭点 Vanishing Point73 平行透视 Parallel Persective74 成角透视 Angular Perspective75 斜透视 Obligue Perspective76 单点透视 Single Paint Perdpective77 两点透视 Tow-Point Perdpective78 三点透视 Three-Point Perdpective79 鸟瞰图 Bird's Eye View80 平面视图 Ground Plain81 轴侧投影 Axonometric Projection82 设计素描 Design Sketch83 预想图 Rendering84 模型 Model85 粘土模型 Clay Model86 石膏模型 Plaster Model87 木制模型 Wooden Model88 缩尺模型 Scale Model89 原大模型 Mock Up90 仿真模型 Finished Model91 制造原形 Prototype92 计算机图形学 Computer Graphics93 框架模型 Frame Model94 实体模型 Solid Model95 计算机辅助设计 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN96 计算机辅助制造 Computer Aided Manufacture97 计算机三维动画 Computer Three Dimentional Animation98 计算机艺术 Computer Arts99 计算机书法 Computer Calligraphy100 计算机图象处理 Computer Image Processing101 计算机音响构成 Computer Sound Composition实验心理学与人机工程学1 人类工程学 Human Engineering2 人机工程学 Man-Machine Engineering3 工效学 Ergonomice4 人因工程学 Human Factors Engineering5 人因要素 Human Factors6 人机系统 Man-Machine System7 人体工程学 Human Engineering8 人本位设计 Human Sstandard Design9 实验心理学 Experimental Psychology10 物理心理学 Psychophysics11 感觉 Sensation12 知觉 Perception13 感觉阙限 Threshold of Senssation14 心理量表 Psychological Scaling15 视觉 Visual Perception16 视觉通道 Visual Pathway17 听觉 Hearing Perception18 肤觉 Skin Sensation19 视觉心理学 Visual Psychology20 听觉心理学 Hearing Psychology21 感光元 Photoreceptor Cell22 明视、暗视、间视 Phootopic Vision ,Scotopic Vision , Mesopic Vision23 光适应与暗适应 Photopic Adaptation and Sscotopic Adaptation24 格式塔，完形 Gestalt25 形状知觉 Shape Perception26 轮廓 Conotour27 主观轮廓 Subjictive Contour28 图形与背景 Figure and Ground29 图形与背景逆转 Reversible Figure30 良好形状法则 Prinzip der Guten Gestalt31 群化 Grouping32 等质性法则 Fsctor of Similarity33 伪装 Camouflage34 形状的恒常性 Shape Constancy35 大小的恒常性 Size Constancy36 空间知觉 Space Perception37 立体视 Stereopsis38 运动知觉 Movement Perception39 视错觉 Optical Illusion40 残像 After Image41 似动 Apparent Movement42 视觉后效 Aftereffects in Visuvl43 瀑布效应 Waterfall Effect44 视线记录仪 Eye Camera45 听觉刺激 Auditory Stimulus46 声压 Sound Pressure47 声压水平 Sound Pressure Level48 频谱 Spectrum49 乐音与非乐音 Tone and Nontone50 噪声 Noise51 听觉阙限 Auditory Threshold52 响度 Loudness53 听觉掩蔽 Auditory Masking54 音乐心理学 Psychology of Music55 音响心理学 Psychology of Sound56 音的四属性 Four Attribute Sound57 音高 Pitch58 音色 Timbre59 力度 Loudness60 频率辨别阙限 Difference Threshold of Frequency61 强度辨别阙限 Difference Threshold of Loudness62 混响 Reverberation63 音源距离感 Distance Perception of Sound64 音源方位感 Orientation Perception of Sound65 立体声 Stereophony66 语言心理学 Psycholinguistics67 语言声谱 Language Spectrum68 语言清晰度 Articulation69 人体尺寸 Humanlady Size70 作业空间 Work Space71 模数 Module72 心理尺度 Psychological Measure73 动作分析 Motion Analysis74 时间研究 Time Study75 动作时间研究 Motion and Time Study76 时间动作轨迹摄影 Chronocyclegragh77 动迹 Traffic Line78 光迹摄影 Luminogram79 脑波 Brain Wave80 生物钟 Bio-o'clock81 睡眠 Sleep82 疲劳 Fatigue83 姿态 Body Posture84 皮肤电反应 Galranic Skin Response85 临界闪烁频率 Critical Flicker Frequence86 肌肉运动学 Kinesiology87 肌电图 Electromyography88 形态学 Morphology89 仿生学 Bionics90 人、环境系统 Man-Environment System91 照明 Hlumination92 振动 Oscillate93 气候 Climate94 空气调节 Air Conditioning95 功能分配 Functional Allocation设计生产经营与评价1 工业工程学 Industrial Engineering2 工业心理学 Industrial Psychology3 科学管理法 Scientific Management4 生产管理 Production Control5 质量管理 Quality Control6 系统工程 System Engineering7 批量生产 Mass Production8 流水作业 Conveyer System9 互换式生产方式 Interchangeable Produsction Method10 标准化 Standardization11 自动化 Automation12 市场调查 Market Research13 商品化计划 Merchandising14 产品开发 Product Developement15 产品改型 Model Change16 产品测试 Product Testing17 产品成本 Product Cost18 营销学 Marketing19 买方市场 Buyer's Market20 卖方市场 Seller's Marker21 促销 Sales Promotion22 适销 Marketability23 消费者 Consumer24 购买动机调查 Motivation Research25 深层面接法 Depth Interview26 销售热点 Selling Point27 卡通测试法 Cartoon Test28 产品形象 Product Image29 形象策略 Image Strategy30 公共关系 Public Relations31 运筹学 Operations Research32 设计策略 Design Policy33 艺术总监 Art Director(更多工业设计的信息请登录IDKAOYAN主页：/idkaoyan)设计色彩方法（英）1 色 Color2 光谱 Spectrum3 物体色 Object Color4 固有色 Propor Color5 色料 Coloring Material6 色觉三色学说 Three-Component Theary7 心理纯色 Unique Color8 拮抗色学说 Opponent Color Theory9 色觉的阶段模型 Stage Model of the Color Perception10 色彩混合 Color Mixing11 基本感觉曲线 Trisimulus Valus Curves12 牛顿色环 Newton's Color Cycle13 色矢量 Color Vector14 三原色 Three Primary Colors15 色空间 Color Space16 色三角形 Color Triangle17 测色 Colourimetry18 色度 Chromaticity19 XYZ表色系 XYZ Color System20 实色与虚色 Real Color and Imaginary Color21 色等式 Color Equation22 等色实验 Color Matching Experiment23 色温 Color Temperature24 色问轨迹 Color Temperature Locus25 色彩三属性 Three Attribtes and Color26 色相 Hue27 色相环 Color Cycle28 明度 Valve29 彩度 Chroma30 环境色 Environmetal Color31 有彩色 Chromatic Color32 无彩色 Achromatic Colors33 明色 Light Color34 暗色 Dark Color35 中明色 Middle Light Color36 清色 Clear Color37 浊色 Dull Color38 补色 Complementary Color39 类似色 Analogous Color40 一次色 Primary Color41 二次色 Secondary Color42 色立体 Color Solid43 色票 Color Sample44 孟塞尔表色系 Munsell's Color System45 奥斯特瓦德表色系 Ostwald's Color System46 日本色研色体系 Practical Color Co-ordinate System47 色彩工程 Color Engineering48 色彩管理 Color Control49 色彩再现 Color Reproduction50 等色操作 Color Matching51 色彩的可视度 Visibility Color52 色彩恒常性 Color Constancy53 色彩的对比 Color Contrast54 色彩的同化 Color Assimilation55 色彩的共感性 Color Synesthesia56 暖色与冷色 Warm Color and Cold Color57 前进色与后退色 Advancing Color Receding Color58 膨胀色与收缩色 Expansive Color and Contractile Color59 重色与轻色 Heavy Color and Light Color60 色价 Valeur61 色调 Color Tone62 暗调 Shade63 明调 Tint64 中间调 Halftone65 表面色 Surface Color66 平面色 Film Color67 色彩调和 Color Harmony68 配色 Color Combination69 孟塞尔色彩调和 Munsell's Color Harmony70 奥斯特瓦德色彩调和 Ostwald's Color Harmony71 孟.斯本瑟色彩调和 Moon.Spencer's Color Harmony72 色彩的感情 Feeling of Color73 色彩的象征性 Color Symbolism74 色彩的嗜好 Color Preference75 流行色 Fashion Color76 色彩的功能性 Color Functionalism77 色彩规划 Color Planning78 色彩调节 Color Conditioning79 色彩调整 Color Coordinetion80 色彩设计 Color Design传播与传媒设计（英）1 传播 Communication2 大众传播 Mass Communication3 媒体 Media4 大众传播媒体 Mass Media5 视觉传播 Visual Communication6 听觉传播 Hearing Communication7 信息 Information8 符号 Sign9 视觉符号 Visual Sign10 图形符号 Graphic Symbol11 符号论 Semiotic12 象征 Symbol13 象征标志 Symbol Mark14 音响设计 Acoustic Design15 听觉设计 Auditory Design16 听觉传播设计 Auditory Communication Design17 图象设计 Visual Communication Design18 视觉设计 Visual Design19 视觉传播设计 Visual Communication Design20 图形设计 Graphic Design21 编辑设计 Editorial Design22 版面设计 Layout23 字体设计 Lettering24 CI设计 Corporate Identity Design25 宣传 Propaganda26 广告 Advertising27 广告委托人 Adveertiser28 广告代理业 Advertising Agency29 广告媒体 Advertising Media30 广告目的 Avertising Objectives31 广告伦理 Morality of Advertising32 广告法规 Law of Advertising33 广告计划 Advertising Planing34 广告效果 Advertising Effect35 广告文案 Advertising Copy36 广告摄影 Advertising Photography37 说明广告 Informative Advertising38 招贴画海报 Poster39 招牌 Sign-board40 小型宣传册 Pamphlet41 大型宣传册 Portfolio42 商品目录 Catalogue43 企业商报 House Organ44 户外广告 Outdoor Advertising45 POP广告 Point of Purchase Advertising46 展示 Display47 橱窗展示 Window Display48 展示柜 Cabinet49 博览会 Exposition50 万国博览会 World Exposition51 包装 Packaging52 工业包装 Industrial Packing53 标签 Label54 企业形象 Corporate Image55 企业色 Company Color56 动画 Animation57 插图 Illustration58 书法 Calligraphy59 印刷 Initial60 设计费 design fee61 标准 standard62 注册商标 registered trade mark设计团体与部分人物（英）1 维也纳工厂 Wiener Werksttate2 德意志制造联盟 Der Deutsche Werkbund3 克兰布鲁克学院 The Cranbrook Academy4 国际现代建筑会议 Congres Internationaux D'Architecture Moderne5 现代艺术馆 Museum Of Modern Art6 芝加哥设计学院 Chicago Institute of Design7 英国工业设计委员会 Council of Industrial Design8 设计委员会 The Desgin Council9 国际建筑师协会 Union Internationale des Architects10 设计研究组织 Design Research Unit11 日本工业设计师协会 Japan Industrial Desginers Association12 日本设计学会 Japanese Society for Science of Design13 乌尔姆造型学院 Ulm Hochschule fur Gestallung14 国际设计协会联合会 International Council of Societies Industrial Desgin15 国际工业设计会议 International Design Congress ,ICSID Congress16 国际设计师联盟 Allied International Designers17 国际室内设计师联合会 International Federation of Interior Designers18 国际图形设计协会 International Graphic Desgin Associations19 国际流行色协会 International Commission for color in fashion and Textiles20 工业产品设计中心 The Centre de Creation Industrielle21 中国工业设计协会 China Industrial Design Association22 阿尔齐米亚集团 Alchymia Studio23 中国流行色协会 China Fashion Color Association24 中国技术美学委员会 China Technological Aesthetics Association25 莫里斯 Willian Morris (1834-1896E)26 奥斯特瓦德 Wilhelm Friedrich Ostwald(1853-1932G)27 孟赛尔 Albert F.Munsell (1858-1918A)28 凡.德.维尔德 Henry Vande Velde (1863-1957)29 莱特 Lloyd Wright (1867-1959A)30 贝伦斯 Peter Behrens(1868-1940G)31 霍夫曼 Joseph Hoffmann(1870-1956)32 皮克 Frank Pick(1878-1941)33 维斯宁兄弟 Alexander Leonid and Victor Vesnin34 格罗皮乌斯 Walter Gropius(1883-1969)35 蒂格 Walter Dorwin Teague36 利奇 Bernard Leach37 勒.柯不西埃 Le Corbusier(法)38 伊顿 Johennes Itten39 里特维尔德 Gerrit Thomas Rietvela40 庞蒂 Gio Ponti41 拉塞尔 Gordon Russel42 格迪斯 Norman Bel Geddes43 洛伊 Raymond Fermam44 里德 Herbert Read45 莫荷利.纳吉 Laszlo Moholy Nagy46 凡.多伦 Harold Van Doren47 阿尔托 Alvar Aalto48 拜耶 Herbert Bayer49 卡桑德拉 A.M.Cassandre50 佩夫斯纳 Nikolans51 布劳耶尔 Marcel Breuer52 佩里安 Charlotte Perriand53 德雷夫斯 Henry Dreyfuss54 迪奥 Christian Dior55 鲍登 Edward Bawden56 贾戈萨 Dante Giacosa57 伊姆斯 Charles Eames58 伊娃齐塞尔 Eva Zeiesl59 比尔MaxBill设计法规与标准（英）1 知识产权Intellectual Property2 著作权 Copyright3 工业产权 Industrial Property4 专利 Patent5 发明专利 Patent for Invention6 实用新型 Utility Modle7 外观设计专利 Registation of Design8 注册商标 Registered Trade Mark9 广告法 Advertising Law10 反不正当竞争 Repression of Untair Competition11 设计费 Design Fee12 标准 Standard13 德国工业标准 Deutsche Industrie Normen设计思潮与流派（英）1 学院派 Academicism2 理性主义 Rationalism3 非理性主义 Irrationalism4 古典主义 Classicism5 浪漫主义 Romanticism6 现实主义 Realism7 印象主义 Impressionism8 后印象主义 Postimpressionism9 新印象主义 Neo-Impressionisme(法）10 那比派 The Nabject11 表现主义 Expressionism12 象征主义 Symbolism13 野兽主义 Fauvism14 立体主义 Cubism15 未来主义 Futurism16 奥弗斯主义 Orphism17 达达主义 Dadaisme(法)18 超现实主义 Surrealism19 纯粹主义 Purism20 抽象艺术 Abstract Art21 绝对主义，至上主义 Suprematism22 新造型主义 Neo-plasticisme(法)23 风格派 De Stiji24 青骑士 Der Blaus Reiter25 抒情抽象主义 Lyric Abstractionism26 抽象表现主义 Abstract Expressionism27 行动绘画 Action Painting28 塔希主义 Tachisme(法)29 视幻艺术 Op Art30 活动艺术、机动艺术 Kinetic Art31 极少主义 Minimalism32 概念主义 Conceptualism33 波普艺术 Pop Art34 芬克艺术、恐怖艺术 Funk Art35 超级写实主义 Super Realism36 人体艺术 Body Art37 芝加哥学派 Chicago School38 艺术与手工艺运动 The Arts &Crafts Movement39 新艺术运动 Art Nouveau40 分离派 Secession41 构成主义 Constructivism42 现代主义 Modernism43 包豪斯 Bauhaus44 阿姆斯特丹学派 Amsterdam School45 功能主义 Functionalism46 装饰艺术风格 Art Deco(法)47 国际风格 International Style48 流线型风格 Streamlined Forms49 雅典宪章 Athens Charter50 马丘比丘宪章 Charter of Machupicchu51 斯堪的纳维亚风格 Scandinavia Style52 新巴洛克风格 New Baroque53 后现代主义 Postmodernism54 曼菲斯 Memphis55 高技风格 High Tech56 解构主义 Deconstructivism57 手工艺复兴 Crafts Revival58 准高技风格 Trans High Tech59 建筑风格 Architecture60 微建筑风格 Micro-Architecture61 微电子风格 Micro-Electronics62 晚期现代主义 Late Moddernism。

艺术社会学的个案的书以下是一些关于艺术社会学个案的书籍推荐：1.《艺术世界的社会学》(Art Worlds) - 需勒巴科夫斯基（Howard S. Becker）：这本经典著作通过多个个案研究，探讨了艺术世界的社会结构、组织机构、艺术家的角色等方面。

2.《艺术家：个案研究》(Artists: Their Lives and Work) - 吉案特·马尔多纳多（Howard S. Becker）：这本书采用个案研究的方法，深入探讨了艺术家的生活和工作，包括他们的工作环境、创作过程、艺术家身份等。

3.《制造美学：案例解读》(The Manufacture of Aesthetics: Case Studies) - 格雷戈瓦·普罗什皮欧蒂（Gary Alan Fine）：通过一系列个案研究，这本书探讨了艺术品制作与消费、审美评价、艺术市场等议题，展示了艺术世界的社会性。

4.《天才工作室》(Studio Life: Rituals, Collections, Tools, and Observations on the Artistic Process) - 莎拉·特图尔（Sarah Thornton）：作者通过访问多个艺术家的工作室，深入了解了艺术家的创作过程、创作环境，以及他们如何面对压力、寻找灵感等方面。

5.《艺术家的怪物：艺术社会学中的个案研究》(The Artist's Monster: Social Studies of Artistic Individuality) - 李亚琳（Laleh Khalili）：这本书通过多个艺术家的个案研究，探讨了艺术家的个体性、艺术实践的个性化特征，以及他们与社会、政治背景的相互关系。

这些书籍能够提供有关艺术社会学个案研究的深入洞察，并探讨了艺术家们在特定社会背景下的创作和生活经验。

关于圆锁的英文作文回答例子1:Title: The Fascination of Circular Locks: An Exploration in Security and DesignIntroduction:Locks are ubiquitous in our daily lives, safeguarding our belongings and providing a sense of security. Among the diverse array of locks, circular locks stand out for their unique design and functionality. In this essay, we delve into the world of circular locks, examining their history, mechanics, and significance in both security and design.Historical Background:The origins of circular locks can be traced back centuries, evolving from rudimentary mechanisms to sophisticated designs. Ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians and Romans, utilized primitive locking mechanisms to protect their valuables. Over time, these mechanisms evolved, with the invention of the tumbler lock by the Mesopotamians being a significant milestone. The tumbler lock laid the foundation formodern-day circular locks, with advancements in metallurgy and engineering refining their design and effectiveness.Mechanics of Circular Locks:At the heart of circular locks lies a complex system of pins, springs, and cylinders. The key, intricately designed to fit the unique configuration of the lock, aligns the pins and compresses the springs, allowing the cylinder to rotate freely. This rotation disengages the locking mechanism, granting access to the secured area. The precision engineering required to manufacture circular locks ensures their reliability and resistance to tampering, making them a preferred choice for securing valuable assets.Security Implications:Circular locks are renowned for their robust security features, providing an effective deterrent against unauthorized access. The intricate design of the locking mechanism makes it extremely difficult for would-be intruders to bypass the system without the correct key. Additionally, advancements in technology, such as electronic keypads and biometric scanners, have further enhanced the securitycapabilities of circular locks, offering multiple layers of protection against unauthorized entry. As such, circular locks are widely utilized in a variety of settings, including residential homes, commercial buildings, and high-security facilities.Design Aesthetics:Beyond their utilitarian function, circular locks possess a distinct aesthetic appeal that enhances the overall design of the spaces they inhabit. From ornate antique designs to sleek modern interpretations, circular locks come in a myriad of styles to complement any decor. The intricate patterns etched into the keyholes and the gleam of polished metal evoke a sense of craftsmanship and attention to detail, elevating the visual appeal of the lock. As such, circular locks serve not only as a security measure but also as a design element that adds character and sophistication to their surroundings.Cultural Significance:Circular locks have permeated various aspects of culture, serving as symbols of security, secrecy, and protection. In literature and film, they often feature prominently as plot devices, representing the barrier between safety and danger.Moreover, the symbolism of unlocking a circular lock can signify liberation, freedom, and the unlocking of hidden potential, adding depth to narrative themes. In art and design, circular locks have inspired creativity, appearing in paintings, sculptures, and fashion accessories as motifs that evoke notions of mystery and intrigue. Thus, circular locks hold a cultural significance that extends beyond their practical function, resonating with themes of security, empowerment, and artistic expression.Conclusion:In conclusion, circular locks occupy a unique position in the realm of security and design, blending functionality with aesthetic appeal. From their ancient origins to theirmodern-day iterations, circular locks have evolved to meet the ever-changing needs of society, providing reliable protection against unauthorized access. As symbols of security and craftsmanship, circular locks continue to captivate our imagination, reminding us of the intricate balance between form and function in the design of everyday objects.回答例子2:Title: The Circular Lock: A Study in Security and DesignIntroduction:In the realm of security, the circular lock stands as an enduring symbol of protection and reliability. From ancient mechanisms to modern innovations, the evolution of the circular lock is a testament to human ingenuity and the perpetual quest for safeguarding valuables. In this essay, we delve into the intricacies of the circular lock, exploring its history, design principles, technological advancements, and its significance in contemporary society.Historical Origins:The origins of the circular lock can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China. Early iterations of locks were rudimentary in design, often consisting of wooden mechanisms and simple pins. However, the basic concept of securing a door or container with a rotating mechanism laid the foundation for future developments.One of the earliest known examples of a circular lock dates back to Ancient Egypt, where wooden pin tumbler locks wereused to protect tombs and treasure chambers. These locks operated on the principle of aligning pins within a cylindrical housing to allow for rotation, thus unlocking the mechanism. Despite their simplicity, these locks were remarkably effective in deterring unauthorized access.Evolution of Design:Over the centuries, the design of the circular lock underwent significant evolution, driven by advances in metallurgy, engineering, and craftsmanship. During the Middle Ages, European locksmiths refined the art of lockmaking, introducing intricate mechanisms such as lever locks and warded locks. These designs incorporated multiple layers of security features, making them increasingly difficult to pick or bypass.In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Industrial Revolution ushered in a new era of lock manufacturing, with the mass production of cylindrical locks becoming widespread. Innovations such as the pin tumbler mechanism, patented by Joseph Bramah and later refined by Linus Yale Jr., revolutionized the security industry. The Yale cylinder lock,with its compact yet robust design, became synonymous with quality and reliability.Technological Advancements:The advent of the digital age brought about a paradigm shift in lock technology, with electronic and smart locks emerging as viable alternatives to traditional mechanical systems. Electronic locks utilize microprocessors and sensors to control access, offering features such as keyless entry, remote monitoring, and audit trails. Smart locks, equipped with wireless connectivity and smartphone integration, provide users with unprecedented convenience and flexibility in managing security.Biometric authentication, such as fingerprint and facial recognition, has further enhanced the security of modern locks, offering unparalleled accuracy and resistance to unauthorized duplication. These advancements not only improve security but also streamline access control processes in both residential and commercial settings.Significance in Contemporary Society:In today's interconnected world, the importance of secure access control cannot be overstated. Circular locks, in their various forms, remain indispensable components of physical security systems, safeguarding homes, businesses, and critical infrastructure. Whether it's protecting personal belongings, sensitive data, or entire facilities, the reliability of the circular lock continues to inspire trust and confidence.Furthermore, the symbolic significance of the circular lock extends beyond its utilitarian function. It represents a barrier against intrusion, a boundary between the private and public realms, and a testament to human ingenuity in the face of adversity. As society grapples with evolving threats and challenges, the timeless principles of security embodied by the circular lock serve as a steadfast anchor in an ever-changing world.Conclusion:In conclusion, the circular lock embodies a rich tapestry of history, design innovation, and technological advancement. From its humble origins in ancient civilizations to its currentrole as a cornerstone of modern security systems, the evolution of the circular lock mirrors the progress of human civilization itself. As we navigate an increasingly complex landscape of security threats and vulnerabilities, the enduring reliability and adaptability of the circular lock ensure its continued relevance in safeguarding what matters most.。

Industrial design工业设计Conspectus design设计概论Aesthetics of design设计美学Principle of design设计原理History of design设计历史Criticism of design设计批评Environmental design环境设计Function功能Form形式Model造型，模型Creativity创造性Theory on design设计理论Procedure of product design产品设计程序Human requirement人的需要Redesign from original product从产品入手开展重新设计developmental design开发性设计Design language设计语言Perceptual感性的Lifeblood生命力的Design comment设计评价Design culture设计文化Color material surface色彩材料表面肌理Texture材质、肌理Drawing制图Orientation定位Design history设计史Craftsman工匠Decorate装饰Symbol符号Ergonomics人机工程学Product semantics产品语义学Human-machine interface人机界面Methodology方法论Handicraft手工艺的Metallic金属性的style风格Streamline流线型Clay油泥sterling character品位Consumption消费A generalized design通用设计“off–line”machine非通用设计Sketch草图draft out起草Foam泡沫材料Tendency趋势Standard标准Accessory附件Part零件Finished product成品Design requirement设计需求Conception概念conceptual design概念设计Product property analysis产品属性分析People using analysis使用分析System design系统设计Design target设计目标Function definition功能定义Function analysis功能分析Principle of formal aesthetics形式美学的原则VI(visual identity)视觉识别Communication传播、信息传播Hearing design听觉传播Comformity design整合传播Design exploitation设计开发Produce manufacture生产制造Sale销售Reclaim回收Recycle重复利用constituent element要素Environment analysis环境形式系统分析Total value整体价值Man-machine system analysis人机系统分析Marketing市场营销传播Mass design大众传播Visual design视觉传达Design conception设计理念Communication design传播设计Intelligent智能性Interactive交互性Symbol符号性Systematization系统性Modular design模块化设计Ecosystem design生态系统设计Virtual design虚拟设计Envrionmen tvaule anaylssi环境价值系统分析Usev alue使用价值spritiv aule精神价值Dgitia lage数字化时代nIformationI ndusrty(IT)信息产业nIformationsim信息论Anaylssi分析Benefti-cos tAnaylssi效益-成本分析BusniessA naylsis商业分析Requriemen tAnaylsis需求分析SaelsA nalyssi销售分析ShapeA nalyssi形式分析Satitstica lAnaylsis统计分析VauleA nalyssi价值分析Synhteszied Anaylsis综合分析DecsiionA naylsis决策分析DemandA naylsis需求分析DesignA naylsis设计分析DeatiledA naylsis详细分析DynamicA naylsis动态分析FactorA naylsis动态分析Feasbiiltiy Anaylsis可行性分析Fniancai lAnaylsis财务分析Marke tAnaylsis市场分析SystemA naylsis系统分析Predicitve Anaylsis预测分析PrcieA nalyssi价格分析ProcedureA naylsis过程分析Produc tAnaylsis产品分析Quanittaitve Anaylsis定量分析GerrtiT homasR iertedi格里特托马斯里特维尔WatlerG ropius沃尔特格罗皮乌斯Ramonal oewy雷蒙罗维Pou lHenningSen保罗汉宁森Lugi iColani卢吉科拉尼Robert Venturi罗伯特文丘里Arne Jacobsen阿纳雅各布森JohnR uskni约翰拉斯金Mcihae lGraves米歇尔格雷夫斯Aeshtetic美学的Brandsa nd marks商标与标志Confgiuraiton结构Srtucutrailsm结构主义Deconsrtuciton解构主义。

Modern,product,design, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---Foreign,language,translation,original,text,,,With,the,growing,of,,economices,,and,the,developing,of,technologies,,the,essential,d efinition,of,Industral,Design,has,been,deepening,while,its,extension,meaning,enlargin g,which,resulted,in,the,transformation,and,renovation,of,some,original,design,theories ,and,concepts.,,In,the,new,IT,epoch,,the,contents,,methodologies,,concepts,etc.,of,design,have,taken, a,great,change,from,what,they,were,before.However,the,method,of,comparison,and,an alysis,is,always,playing,a,plvotal,role,,during,the,whole,process,of,maintaining,the,tra ditional,quintessence,and,innovating,novel,conceptions.,,1.1,Traditional,Design,,Traditional,industrial,design,and,product,development,mainly,involved,to,three,field s,vis.Art,,Engineering,and,Marketing.,The,designers,,who,worked,in,the,art,field,,alw ays,had,outstanding,basic,art,skills,and,visual,sketching,expression,capacity,as,well,as ,plentiful,knowledge,on,ergonomics,and,aesthetics,.,So,they,could,easily,solve,the,pro blems,of,products,about,art,.,Works,in,the,area,of,the,project,engineer,with,strong,tec hnical,background,,they,used,the,method,of,logical,analysis,,you,can,design,a,detailed ,,in,line,with,the,requirements,of,the,drawings,of,a,total,production,,manufacture,use., They,can,you,good,solution,to,the,technical,aspects,of,products.,However,,they,o ften, overlook,the,aesthetics,of,products,that,do,not,pay,attention,to,fashion,and,cost-effecti ve,products,in,the,market.,In,the,field,of,commercial,marketing,staff,proficient,in,the, knowledge,economy,,will,use,marketing,theory,to,predict,customer,behavior,,they,foc us,on,products,in,the,market,development,trends,,but,do,not,understand,aesthetic,and, technical,aspects,of,the,problem.,,,In,a,traditional,industrial,product,design,process,,the,three,areas,of,general,staff,in,th eir,respective,areas,of,independent,work.,Product,engineers,solve,the,technical,proble ms,so,that,products,with,the,necessary,functional,and,capable,of,producing,manufactu red,,the,product,is,"useful.",Designers,are,using,aesthetics,,ergonomics,and,other,subj ects,in,the,form,of,product,design,,product,with,a,reasonable,visual,,tactile,,and,other, effects,,and,we,look,forward,to,products,"useful.",The,marketing,staff,is,the,product, marketing,and,user,comments,,and,to,forecast,the,future,market,feedback,to,the,above -mentioned,two,groups,of,designers,,so,that,they,understand,product,popularity,,prom pted,designers,to,improve,or,update,the,design,,so,that,users,",Want,to,use,"designed, products.,,,In,this,process,,is,often,a,certain,area,of,personnel,in,their,own,fields,of,expertise,in,t he,work,done,after,the,exchange,and,other,fields.,Due,to,lack,of,overall,management, of,the,unified,design,,will,be,out,of,line,and,the,link,between,the,crux,of,the,design,cy cle,,the,product,can,not,be,truly,useful,and,attractive,products.,,,1.2,Modern,Design,,,With,the,social,and,economic,development,,human,standard,of,living,continues,to,in crease.,People,no,longer,meet,the,low-level,way,of,life,,the,requirements,of,the,product,greatly,improved,as,the,"globalization",of,the,emergence,of,various,regional,econo mic,development,imbalances,brought,about,by,various,contradictions,,but,also,increas ingly,reflected,in,the,product,design,and,development,In,the,other,hand,,with,the,rapid ,development,of,science,and,technology,,not,only,to,"tangible",products,with,a,more,t echnical,content,,but,also,the,software,such,as,the,"invisible",products.,These,changes ,primarily,reflected,in,the,following,areas.,,,(1),the,diversification,of,products,,,In,order,to,improve,their,people's,living,tastes,,the,more,value,products,"personality" ,,making,earlier,to,meet,the,most,basic,requirements,of,life,designed,to,mass,producti on,of,products,,changes,to,the,current,level,to,meet,the,different,needs,of,the,people's, lives,Smaller,mass-produced,products.,Therefore,the,market,needs,more,of,a,wide,ran ge,of,products.,This,requires,a,more,flexible,product,design,,shorter,design,cycle., ,,Early,industrial,design,and,product,comparison,,the,current,products,include,the,tech nical,content,greatly,improved,,it,may,not,just,rely,on,its,outstanding,visual,effects,im pressed,,and,may,also,rely,on,hearing,,smell,,touch,and,even,taste,,and,so,combined,ef fect,of,people,moved,.,,,With,the,computer,and,network,technology,to,the,development,and,popularization,,is ,still,a,wide,variety,of,software,products,and,network,products,,these,new,"invisible", products,regardless,of,its,form,or,design,products,with,the,traditional,"physical",Prod ucts,are,quite,different.,,,(2),design,innovation,and,change,,,In,increasing,economic,development,,product,greatly,enriched,,material,needs,of,peo ple,unlimited,increase,in,the,new,era.,A,lot,of,design,work,alone,designer,personal,tal ent,is,very,difficult,to,complete.,If,an,industrial,design,work,is,the,perfect,visual,form, ,to,a,"combination,of,technology,and,the,arts",,but,it,was,the,low,level,of,market,acce ptance,,then,to,the,present,point,of,view,,it,is,not,successful,design,products,,it,may,o nly,Pieces,of,art.,,,If,the,team,to,organize,the,development,of,new,products,,you,can,designers,,e nginee rs,and,marketing,staff,to,work,together,,the,three,professional,staff,play,to,their,respec tive,expertise,,common,exchanges,,discussions,,it,is,possible,to,prevent,this,from,hap pening.,,,The,new,product,of,the,information,age,-,the,emergence,of,software,,the,team,can,be tter,embody,necessary.,People,in,the,use,of,software,products,in,the,course,of,time,to, have,two,types:,one,is,the,interface,of,the,visual,effects,are,good,,but,you,use,to,proce ss,and,not,very,Shunshou,to,show,the,various,menus,,logo,at,a,loss;,And,a,software,de sign,is,very,standardized,,with,the,professionals,use,logic,,but,the,interface,of,the,visu al,effects,but,it,is,not,satisfactory.,The,reasons,for,this,situation,is:,a,program,design,e ngineers,do,not,understand,interface,design,to,visual,design,of,the,interface,designers, do,not,understand,procedures,for,structural,design.,Only,two,will,combine,to,work,to, make,the,process,engineers,and,designers,fully,exchange,interface,,will,it,be,possible, to,design,a,"useful",software,products.,,,In,addition,,because,people's,social,awareness,,cultural,awareness,and,continuously,e nhance,environmental,awareness,,to,design,a,product,may,not,be,a,simple,and,specific,forms,of,visual,introduction,,but,in,a,product,or,project,works,the,way,there,,which, means,"product",The,extension,had,been,expanded.,An,alcohol,can,become,a,world,f amous,brands,of,goods,,some,with,their,well-brewing,technology,,form,a,perfect,bottl e,design,and,successful,market,strategies,are,closely,related.,To,the,modern,designers, ,as,the,end,product,design,,product,contains,the,meaning,is,no,longer,just,a,form,of,th e,bottle,,but,wine,bottles,,a,collection,of,marketing,strategies.,Another,example:,the,fl ow,of,people,to,solve,the,short-term,or,temporary,accommodation,designed,Jianyi,Fan g,or,horizontal,cylinder,,is,not,a,simple,design,,but,of,social,,cultural,,environmental,a nd,other,issues,of,the,integrated,projects.,So,,with,the,"product",extension,of,the,expa nsion,,the,need,for,more,staff,into,the,field,of,design,teams,,and,in,the,design,process, through,the,integration,,exchange,,completion,of,innovative,product,design.,,,(3),the,role,of,the,modern,designer,,,In,the,modern,product,development,process,,if,the,designer,has,only,limited,to,the,tr aditional,fields,of,expertise,in,specific,focus,on,the,visual,performance,of,rain,forms,o f,work,,then,it,will,be,very,difficult,to,design,a,ground-breaking,products.,This,is,beca use,the,community,to,raise,the,requirements,of,the,products,,to,expand,the,content,of,t he,product,,compared,to,the,designer's,personal,knowledge,on,the,capacity,can,not,sat isfy,the,requirements.,However,,if,we,can,,through,effective,means,to,mobilize,the,rel evant,field,staff,to,work,together,,you,can,make,the,design,capacity,of,the,greatly,exp anded.,,,If,the,traditional,sense,of,product,designers,focused,on,the,visual,manifestations,of,d esign,,then,,designers,are,using,modern,designers,,engineers,and,other,staff,of,marketi ng,the,ability,to,jointly,complete,the,full,development,of,new,products,design.,,,Modern,designers,no,longer,just,the,implementation,of,its,mandate,,is,designed,to,pl anners,,organizers.,Modern,designers,should,have,a,higher,level,of,awareness,on,the,n ature,of,the,design,,operation,of,the,quality,of,the,design,process.,Designers,need,to,u se,a,unique,system,of,thinking,to,comprehensive,analysis,,problem-solving,abilities,,n ot,just,the,use,of,visual,skills,to,express,themselves,is,not,yet,mature,enough,decorati ve,design.,,,This,requires,designers,with,a,more,complete,knowledge,of,the,structure.,In,addition ,to,good,aesthetic,quality,,but,also,should,have,sociology,,economics,,management,sci ence,and,engineering,and,technical,aspects,of,the,basic,knowledge,,resume,systematic ,,engineering,way,of,thinking,in,order,to,carry,out,scientific,work,and,effective,organi zation,design.,,,The,task,of,the,modern,designer,1.3,,,The,explosion,in,information,society,,individuals,have,the,knowledge,and,capability, is,very,weak.,Therefore,the,use,of,modern,designers,should,have,the,wisdom,related,f ields,,the,expansion,of,its,design,capacity.,His,task,is,to,seize,the,new,opportunities,fo r,product,development,,design,has,a,good,user,market,innovative,products.,,,As,a,modern,designer,,it,is,important,to,fully,understand,the,professional,design,tea ms,in,the,field,of,creative,thinking,,make,full,use,of,the,members,of,the,professional,competence.,Marketing,is,the,background,knowledge,can,design,a,scientific,and,feasib le,programme,of,research,and,analysis,of,the,conclusions,drawn,for,policy,makers,and ,designers;,In,addition,,the,staff,can,also,meet,the,market,well-developed,marketing,st rategy,,product,successfully,pushed,To,the,market.,Engineers,had,"sensitive,technolog y",,can,make,good,use,of,the,master,design,and,manufacturing,knowledge,,to,use,a,ce rtain,product,features.,And,a,"beauty,of,art,",the,designer,,you,can,use,the,aesthetic,qu alities,and,good,ergonomics,,and,other,aspects,of,expertise,,to,complete,the,product,in terface,design.,,,Modern,designers,is,to,understand,and,through,the,effective,means,to,mobilize,mem bers,of,the,Organization's,ability,to,enable,all,areas,of,professional,staff,to,work,toget her,so,that,information-sharing,,complementary,advantages,,so,that,the,outstanding,pr oducts,as,soon,as,possible,into,a,successful,programme,of,goods.,,,1.4,modern,design,of,new,issues,,,Modern,design,is,the,design,team,conducted,in,a,way,,modern,designers,have,the,abi lity,to,handle,the,design,of,several,new,issues:,,,Sensitive,to,new,product,development,opportunities,,this,is,a,new,product,design,,ma y,also,be,of,their,products,have,improved,design;,,,So,that,the,different,fields,of,expertise,of,the,staff,of,a,harmonious,and,efficient,wor k.,Eliminate,the,barriers,between,different,professionals,,the,other,with,the,design,for, the,common,goal,to,work,hard;,,,Construction,of,a,full,product,development,process.,This,team,will,be,planned,for,ph ase,,the,design,work;,,,④,better,understanding,of,the,products,extracted,from,a,potential,consumer,of,infor mation,,so,that,the,design,team,that,truly,master,users,of,modeling,,and,technical,char acteristics,of,the,most,profound,impression,,and,so,on;,,,⑤,successful,consumer,products,often,have,been,recognized,form,of,attributes,and,c haracteristics,of,the,design,staff,to,in-depth,analysis,and,enhance,these,attributes,,and, applied,to,product,design.,,,1.5,Design,Education,Reform,,,In,order,to,meet,the,needs,of,the,development,of,modern,design,,design,education,m ust,also,be,a,corresponding,change.,,,(1),design,of,the,general,education,and,design,for,the,improvement,of,water,,,Raising,the,level,of,design,and,design,of,the,general,education,and,promotion,are,ins eparable.,The,manual,from,kindergarten,classes,,involving,the,design,of,early,educati on:,how,to,use,certain,materials,to,create,good-looking,,fun,things.,With,the,age,of,gr owth,and,the,accumulation,of,knowledge,the,children,produced,by,the,object,more,co mplex,,more,sophisticated.,To,the,secondary,school,stage,,is,likely,to,require,students, to,mix,with,people,working,to,complete,the,design,of,more,complex,tasks,,each,mem ber,of,this,period,we,should,play,to,their,respective,expertise,,to,find,,to,exchange,,to, express,to,the,production.,In,primary,stage,(can,be,extended,to,pre-school,stage),,you, can,practice,by,designing,courses,,guide,the,students,to,establish,a,"design",concept., To,the,higher,education,stage,,is,to,ask,students,from,theory,to,a,high,degree,of,aware ness,,understanding,,"Design",,which,can,make,comprehensive,use,of,the,theory,to,guide,the,"design.",,,Universal,primary,education,in,the,stage,,designed,to,promote,education,,students,in, higher,education,stage,will,be,able,to,better,grasp,of,modern,design,theory,and,metho ds.,This,is,to,raise,the,level,of,a,country's,overall,design,an,effective,means,and,in,the ,United,Kingdom,and,other,countries,has,been,very,good,proof,of,this.,,,(2),the,expansion,of,educational,content,,,Unlike,the,artistic,performance,of,specific,techniques,or,structural,design,profession al,,modern,design,is,a,philosophy,,is,a,way.,Design,of,the,contents,is,based,on,modern ,design,has,the,knowledge,and,skills,identified.,Therefore,,the,arts,,technology,,engine ering,,economics,,management,,humanities,,social,sciences,and,other,fields,content,sh ould,be,included,in,this,category.,,,Of,course,,in,today's,knowledge,explosion,,students,can,not,be,limited,in,the,learnin g,of,the,practice,of,so,many,,but,through,science,curriculum,of,theory,and,practice,of, organic,integration,,it,can,enable,students,to,master,the,basic,and,necessary,knowledg e.,For,example,,the,U.S.,card-resistant,˙,˙,Mellon,University,School,of,Design,student s,to,jointly,complete,the,design,project.,Students,in,the,design,process,of,practice,field ,staff,understand,the,relevant,way,of,thinking,,make,up,the,relevant,professional,know ledge,,learning,team's,working,methods.,。

Modern product design---Foreign language translation original textWith the growing of economices and the developing of technologies, the essential definition of Industral Design has been deepening while its extension meaning enlarging,which resulted in the transformation and renovation of some original design theories and concepts.In the new IT epoch, the contents, methodologies, concepts etc. of design have taken a great change from what they were before.However,the method of comparison and analysis is always playing a plvotal role, during the whole process of maintaining the traditional quintessence and innovating novel conceptions.1.1 Traditional DesignTraditional industrial design and product development mainly involved to three fields,vis.Art, Engineering and Marketing. The designers, who worked in the art field, always had outstanding basic art skills and visual sketching expression capacity as well as plentiful knowledge on ergonomics and aesthetics . So they could easily solve the problems of products about art . Works in the area of the project engineer with strong technical background, they used the method of logical analysis, you can design a detailed, in line with the requirements of the drawings of a total production, manufacture use. They can you good solution to the technical aspects of products. However, they often overlook the aesthetics of products that do not pay attention to fashion and cost-effective products in the market. In the field of commercial marketing staff proficient in the knowledge economy, will use marketing theory to predict customer behavior, they focus on products in the market development trends, but do not understand aesthetic and technical aspects of the problem.In a traditional industrial product design process, the three areas of general staff in their respective areas of independent work. Product engineers solve the technical problems so that products with the necessary functional and capable of producing manufactured, the product is "useful." Designers are using aesthetics, ergonomics and other subjects in the form of product design, product with a reasonable visual, tactile, and other effects, and we look forward to products "useful." The marketing staff is the product marketing and user comments, and to forecast the future market feedback to the above-mentioned two groups of designers, so that they understand product popularity, prompted designers to improve or update the design, so that users " Want to use "designed products.In this process, is often a certain area of personnel in their own fields of expertise in the work done after the exchange and other fields. Due to lack of overall management of the unified design, will be out of line and the link between the crux of the design cycle, the product can not be truly useful and attractive products.1.2 Modern DesignWith the social and economic development, human standard of living continues to increase. People no longer meet the low-level way of life, the requirements of the product greatly improved as the "globalization" of the emergence of various regionaleconomic development imbalances brought about by various contradictions, but also increasingly reflected in the product design and development In the other hand, with the rapid development of science and technology, not only to "tangible" products with a more technical content, but also the software such as the "invisible" products. These changes primarily reflected in the following areas.(1) the diversification of productsIn order to improve their people's living tastes, the more value products "personality", making earlier to meet the most basic requirements of life designed to mass production of products, changes to the current level to meet the different needs of the people's lives Smaller mass-produced products. Therefore the market needs more of a wide range of products. This requires a more flexible product design, shorter design cycle.Early industrial design and product comparison, the current products include the technical content greatly improved, it may not just rely on its outstanding visual effects impressed, and may also rely on hearing, smell, touch and even taste, and so combined effect of people moved .With the computer and network technology to the development and popularization, is still a wide variety of software products and network products, these new "invisible" products regardless of its form or design products with the traditional "physical" Products are quite different.(2) design innovation and changeIn increasing economic development, product greatly enriched, material needs of people unlimited increase in the new era. A lot of design work alone designer personal talent is very difficult to complete. If an industrial design work is the perfect visual form, to a "combination of technology and the arts", but it was the low level of market acceptance, then to the present point of view, it is not successful design products, it may only Pieces of art.If the team to organize the development of new products, you can designers, engineers and marketing staff to work together, the three professional staff play to their respective expertise, common exchanges, discussions, it is possible to prevent this from happening.The new product of the information age - the emergence of software, the team can better embody necessary. People in the use of software products in the course of time to have two types: one is the interface of the visual effects are good, but you use to process and not very Shunshou to show the various menus, logo at a loss; And a software design is very standardized, with the professionals use logic, but the interface of the visual effects but it is not satisfactory. The reasons for this situation is: a program design engineers do not understand interface design to visual design of the interface designers do not understand procedures for structural design. Only two will combine to work to make the process engineers and designers fully exchange interface, will it be possible to design a "useful" software products.In addition, because people's social awareness, cultural awareness and continuously enhance environmental awareness, to design a product may not be a simple and specific forms of visual introduction, but in a product or project works the way there,which means "product" The extension had been expanded. An alcohol can become a world famous brands of goods, some with their well-brewing technology, form a perfect bottle design and successful market strategies are closely related. To the modern designers, as the end product design, product contains the meaning is no longer just a form of the bottle, but wine bottles, a collection of marketing strategies. Another example: the flow of people to solve the short-term or temporary accommodation designed Jianyi Fang or horizontal cylinder, is not a simple design, but of social, cultural, environmental and other issues of the integrated projects. So, with the "product" extension of the expansion, the need for more staff into the field of design teams, and in the design process through the integration, exchange, completion of innovative product design.(3) the role of the modern designerIn the modern product development process, if the designer has only limited to the traditional fields of expertise in specific focus on the visual performance of rain forms of work, then it will be very difficult to design a ground-breaking products. This is because the community to raise the requirements of the products, to expand the content of the product, compared to the designer's personal knowledge on the capacity can not satisfy the requirements. However, if we can, through effective means to mobilize the relevant field staff to work together, you can make the design capacity of the greatly expanded.If the traditional sense of product designers focused on the visual manifestations of design, then, designers are using modern designers, engineers and other staff of marketing the ability to jointly complete the full development of new products design. Modern designers no longer just the implementation of its mandate, is designed to planners, organizers. Modern designers should have a higher level of awareness on the nature of the design, operation of the quality of the design process. Designers need to use a unique system of thinking to comprehensive analysis, problem-solving abilities, not just the use of visual skills to express themselves is not yet mature enough decorative design.This requires designers with a more complete knowledge of the structure. In addition to good aesthetic quality, but also should have sociology, economics, management science and engineering and technical aspects of the basic knowledge, resume systematic, engineering way of thinking in order to carry out scientific work and effective organization design.The task of the modern designer 1.3The explosion in information society, individuals have the knowledge and capability is very weak. Therefore the use of modern designers should have the wisdom related fields, the expansion of its design capacity. His task is to seize the new opportunities for product development, design has a good user market innovative products.As a modern designer, it is important to fully understand the professional design teams in the field of creative thinking, make full use of the members of the professional competence. Marketing is the background knowledge can design a scientific and feasible programme of research and analysis of the conclusions drawnfor policy makers and designers; In addition, the staff can also meet the market well-developed marketing strategy, product successfully pushed To the market. Engineers had "sensitive technology", can make good use of the master design and manufacturing knowledge, to use a certain product features. And a "beauty of art," the designer, you can use the aesthetic qualities and good ergonomics, and other aspects of expertise, to complete the product interface design.Modern designers is to understand and through the effective means to mobilize members of the Organization's ability to enable all areas of professional staff to work together so that information-sharing, complementary advantages, so that the outstanding products as soon as possible into a successful programme of goods.1.4 modern design of new issuesModern design is the design team conducted in a way, modern designers have the ability to handle the design of several new issues:Sensitive to new product development opportunities, this is a new product design, may also be of their products have improved design;So that the different fields of expertise of the staff of a harmonious and efficient work. Eliminate the barriers between different professionals, the other with the design for the common goal to work hard;Construction of a full product development process. This team will be planned for phase, the design work;④ better understanding of the products extracted from a potential consumer of information, so that the design team that truly master users of modeling, and technical characteristics of the most profound impression, and so on;⑤ successful consumer products often have been recognized form of attributes and characteristics of the design staff to in-depth analysis and enhance these attributes, and applied to product design.1.5 Design Education ReformIn order to meet the needs of the development of modern design, design education must also be a corresponding change.(1) design of the general education and design for the improvement of water Raising the level of design and design of the general education and promotion are inseparable. The manual from kindergarten classes, involving the design of early education: how to use certain materials to create good-looking, fun things. With the age of growth and the accumulation of knowledge the children produced by the object more complex, more sophisticated. To the secondary school stage, is likely to require students to mix with people working to complete the design of more complex tasks, each member of this period we should play to their respective expertise, to find, to exchange, to express to the production. In primary stage (can be extended to pre-school stage), you can practice by designing courses, guide the students to establish a "design" concept. To the higher education stage, is to ask students from theory to a high degree of awareness, understanding, "Design", which can make comprehensive use of the theory to guide the "design."Universal primary education in the stage, designed to promote education, students in higher education stage will be able to better grasp of modern design theory andmethods. This is to raise the level of a country's overall design an effective means and in the United Kingdom and other countries has been very good proof of this.(2) the expansion of educational contentUnlike the artistic performance of specific techniques or structural design professional, modern design is a philosophy, is a way. Design of the contents is based on modern design has the knowledge and skills identified. Therefore, the arts, technology, engineering, economics, management, humanities, social sciences and other fields content should be included in this category.Of course, in today's knowledge explosion, students can not be limited in the learning of the practice of so many, but through science curriculum of theory and practice of organic integration, it can enable students to master the basic and necessary knowledge. For example, the U.S. card-resistant ˙˙ Mellon University School of Design students to jointly complete the design project. Students in the design process of practice field staff understand the relevant way of thinking, make up the relevant professional knowledge, learning team's working methods.To the modern designers, the completeness of the knowledge structure and rationality of need than proficient in a particular profession is even more important.。

工业设计师44项必备技能1.Aesthetics 美术理论2.Manufacturing 制造知识3.Analysis 分析能力4.Model making 模型能力5.Colour 色彩运用6.Pattern making 图案技巧puter use 电脑运用8.Photography 摄影能力9.Design development 设计发展10.Planning 计划能力11.Design strategy 设计战略12.Point of view 看法观点13.Drawingstcetehing 绘画能力14.Protocols 礼仪礼节15.Predicting 预见力16.Drafting 构思草图17.Driver's licenses 驾驶执照18.Repid visualization 快速表现19.Engineering 工程技术20.Economics 经济学21.Regulations 法令法规22.Rendering 效果图23.Environmental 生态24.Research 研究能力25.Estimating 预算能力26.Scalpture 雕塑能力27.Evaluating 评价28.Semiotics 符号学29.3D form 造型30.Sense of style 审美31.Graphics 制图32.Texture 肌理技术33.Human factors 人机工程34.Technology 科技35.Inaplementation 完善能力ability testing 可用性测试37.Innovqtion 创造er needs 用户需要39.Enteraction design 关系设计40.Marketing 市场41.Material 材料er seenarios 制作说明书43.Well-read 阅读能力44.Writing 写作能力。

设计专业英语常用单词汇编一、平面设计常用英语单词平面设计?graphic?design??企业识别系统?corporate?identity?system企业视觉形象计划?corporate?visual?identity?pr ogram??标识?logo??标识图案?logo?pattern??标准字体?logotype??商标?trademark??标准色彩?house?color??独特风格?house?style??提案及制定该机构视觉形象计划的形象标准手册?corporate?design?manual??视觉辨认力测试?legibility?test??色彩样本条?colour?swatch??提案?presentation??纸类?stationery??营业报告书?annual?report??理念识别?Mind?Identity??行为识别?Behaviour?Identity??视觉识别?Visual?Identity??商标、标志?trademark?and?signs??包装设计?packaging?design??书籍装祯?book?binding??商业美术?commercial?arts??商业摄影?commercial?photography??字体设计?literature?design??橱窗设计?window?display??容器造型?container?modelling??插图?illustrations??广告?advertisement??美术字?artistic?calligraphy??广告画、宣传画?poster??手提袋?hand?bag??购物袋?shopping?bag??美国广告协会AAAA?the?American?Association?o f?Advertising?Agencies??（在广告公司和广告客户之间起联系作用的）广告负责人?account?executive??即兴广告?adlib??广告?advertising??广告代理人、广告公司?advertising?agency??广告代理人?advertising?agent??广告经纪人?advertising?broker广告记录表?advertising?calendar??广告周期?advertising?cycle??广告经理?advertising?manager??广告调研?advertising?research??广告中间商?agent?middlemen??销售分析?anatomy?of?a?sale??（电视、广播广告的）最后定稿?answer?print??美术指导?art?director??广告中的非文字部分?art?of?Art?work??字母的上半（或下半）出头部分?ascender??广告初稿的编排草稿?asymmetrical?layout??广告妙语?attention?getter??广告对象?audience??广告的有声部分?audio??广告正文?body?copy??商品的品牌名称?brand?name??广播广告?broadcast?advertising??小册子?brochure??产业出版物?business?publication?购买动机?buying?motive??月历设计?calendar??商品说明书?catalogue??分类广告?classified?advertising??商业广告?commercial?advertising??商业广告艺术家?commercial?artist??消费者广告?consumer?advertising??消费者?consumers??合作广告?cooperative?advertising??广告撰稿负责人?copy?chief??广告（文案）撰稿员?copywriter??广告语句（文案）创作?copy?writting??公司广告部?corporate?advertising?depart ment??（广告）创意大纲?creative?platform??工业广告?industrial?advertising??广告插页?insert??封面内页?inside?front?cover?? 封底内页?inside?back?cover??封底?back?cover??国际广告?international?advertising?? 广告布局（版式）?layout??广告时间?time?spot广告预算?task?budgeting??（一种成本极底的）广告传单?throwaways??（印有广告商品或广告信息的）小商品?specialities??广告口号、标语?slogan??车站广告牌?station?poster??产品形象?Product?Image?形象策略?Image?Strategy???公共关系?Public?Relations??运筹学?Operations?Research??? 设计策略?Design?Policy???艺术总监?Art?Director二、色彩类常用英语单词黑?black??白?white??黄?yellow??洋红（品红）?magenta?? 青?cyan??绿?green??灰?gray??紫?purple??红?red??深红?crimson??朱红?vermilion??粉红?pink??猩红、鲜明?scarlet?? 玫瑰红?rose?madder?? 胭脂?rouge??赭石?umber??橙黄?orange??古铜色、赤褐色?bronze??藤黄?rattan?yellow?/?light?bright ?yellow??柠檬黄?lemon?yellow??土黄?yellow?ochre??赭黄?sienna??翠绿?emerald??棕、褐?brown??淡绿?light?green??深绿?dark?green?/?intense?green?? 石绿?mineral?green??蓝?blue??天蓝?azure??淡蓝?light?blue??深蓝?dark?blue??靛青?indigo??花青?flower?blue??钴蓝?cobalt?blue??群青?ultramarine?blue紫罗兰?violet??金色?golden??银色?silver??象牙色、乳白色?ivory??铅色、铅灰色?leaden??乳金?milk?gold??铅白?lead?white??色样?colour?sample?色?Color?光谱?Spectrum?物体色?Object?Color?固有色?Propor?Color色料?Coloring?Material?色彩混合?Color?Mixing?牛顿色环?Newton's?Color?Cycle 色矢量?Color?Vector?三原色?Three?Primary?Colors?色度?Chromaticity?XYZ表色系?XYZ?Color?System?实色与虚色?Real?Color?and?Imaginary?Col or?色温?Color?Temperature?色彩三属性?Three?Attribtes?and?Color色相?Hue?色相环?Color?Cycle? 明度?Valve彩度（纯度）?Chroma?环境色?Environmetal?Color?有彩色?Chromatic?Color无彩色?Achromatic?Colors明色?Light?Color暗色?Dark?Color?清色?Clear?Color浊色?Dull?Color?补色?Complementary?Color类似色?Analogous?Color一次色?Primary?Color二次色?Secondary?Color?色立体?Color?Solid?色彩工程?Color?Engineering色彩管理?Color?Control?暖色与冷色?Warm?Color?and?Cold?Color? 前进色与后退色?Advancing?Color?Receding?Col or?膨胀色与收缩色?Expansive?Color?and?Contract ile?Color重色与轻色?Heavy?Color?and?Light?Color? 色调?Color?Tone暗调?Shade明调?Tint?中间调?Halftone?色彩调和?Color?Harmony配色?Color?Combination?色彩的感情?Feeling?of?Color色彩的象征性?Color?Symbolism? 色彩的嗜好?Color?Preference流行色?Fashion?Color?色彩设计?Color?Design三、工业与建筑设计常用英语工艺美术设计?Craft?Design工业设计?Industrial?Design?广义工业设计?Genealized?Industrial?Design 狭义工业设计?Narrow?Industrial?Design产品设计?Product?Design?传播设计?Communication?Design 环境设计?Environmental?Design 商业设计?Comercial?Design建筑设计?Architectural?一维设计?One-dimension?Design 二维设计?Tow-dimension?Design 三维设计?Three-dimension?Design 四维设计?Four-dimension?Design 装饰、装潢?Decoration家具设计?Furniture?Design玩具设计?Toy?Design室内设计?Interior?Design服装设计?Costume?Design包装设计?ackaging?Design展示设计?Display?Design城市规划?Urban?Desgin?生活环境?Living?Environment?都市景观?Townscape田园都市?Gardon?City?办公室风致?Office?Landscape设计方法论?Design?Methodology 设计语言?Design?Language设计条件?Design?Condition结构设计?Structure?Design 形式设计?Form?Design?设计过程?Design?Process构思设计?Concept?Design?量产设计，工艺设计?Technological?Design改型设计?Model?Change设计调查?Design?Survey袖珍型设计?Pocktable?Type便携型设计?Protable?type?收纳型设计?Selfcontainning?Design装配式设计?Knock?Down?Type集约化设计?Stacking?Type成套化设计?Set?(Design)家族化设计?Family?(Design)系列化设计?Series?(Design)组合式设计?Unit?Design仿生设计?Bionics?Design功能?Function独创性?Originality创造力?Creative?Power创造性思维?Creating?Thinking? 集体创造性思维法?Brain?Storming 设计决策?(Design)?Decision?Making功能分析?Functional?Analysis生命周期?Life?Cycle?照明设计?Illumination?Design人类工程学?Human?Engineering? 人机工程学?Man-Machine?Engineering?四、设计美学常用英语美?Beauty?现实美?Acture?Beauty自然美?Natural?Beauty社会美?Social?Beauty艺术美?Artisitc?Beauty?内容与形式?Content?and?Form 形式美?Formal?Beauty?形式原理?Principles?and?Form 技术美?Beauty?of?Technology 机械美?Beauty?of?Machine功能美?Functional?Beauty材料美?Beauty?of?Material?美学?Aesthetics?技术美学?Technology?Aesthetics? 设计美学?Design?Aesthetics?生产美学?PAroduction?Aesthetics? 商品美学?Commodity?Aedthetics艺术?Art?造型艺术?Plastic?Arts?实用艺术?Practical?Art?时间艺术?Time?Art空间艺术?Spatial?Art?时空艺术?Time?and?Spatial?Art一维艺术?One?Dimantional二维艺术?two?Dimantional三维艺术?Three?Dimantional四维艺术?Four?Dimantional舞台艺术?Stagecraft?影视艺术?Arts?of?Mmovie?and?Television环境艺术?Environmental?Art美术?Fine?Arts图案?Pattern构思?Conception构图?Composition造型?Formation再现?Representation表现?Expression构成?Composition?平面构成?Tow?Dimentional?Composition立体构成?Three?Dimentional?Composition色彩构成?Color?Composition空间构成?Composition?of?Space多样与统一?Unity?of?Multiplicity平衡?Balance 对称?Symmetry?调和、和声?Harmony对比?Contrast类似?Similarity比例?Proportion?黄金分割?Golden?Section?节奏?Rhythm旋律?Melody调子?Tone纹样?Pattern?形态?Form?有机形态?Organic?Form抽象形态?Abstract?Form?简化形态?Simptified?Form变形?Deformation透视画法?Perspective线透视?Linear?Perspective视点?Eye?on?Picture?Plane灭点?Vanishing?Point?平行透视?Parallel?Perspective成角透视?Angular?Perspective斜透视?Oblique?Perspective?单点透视?Single?Paint?Perspective?两点透视?Tow-Point?Perspective? 三点透视?Three-Point?Perspective鸟瞰图?Bird's?Eye?View平面视图?Ground?Plain?轴侧投影?Axonometric?Projection 设计素描?Design?Sketch模型?Model?石膏模型?Plaster?Model木制模型?Wooden?Model仿真模型?Finished?Model计算机辅助设计?computer aided design计算机辅助制造?Computer?Aided?Manufacture??? 计算机三维动画?Computer?Three?Dimentional?A nimation 计算机艺术?Computer?Arts计算机图象处理?Computer?Image?Processing?五、传媒设计常用英语单词传播?Communication?大众传播?Mass?Communication媒体?Media?大众传播媒体?Mass?Media?视觉传播?Visual?Communication 听觉传播?Hearing?Communication? 信息?Information符号?Sign?视觉符号?Visual?Sign?图形符号?Graphic?Symbol?符号论?Semiotic?象征?Symbol?象征标志?Symbol?Mark?图象设计?Visual?Communication?Design? 视觉设计?Visual?Design?视觉传播设计?Visual?Communication?Design 图形设计?Graphic?Design?版面设计?Layout?字体设计?Lettering?广告代理业?Advertising?Agency 广告媒体?Advertising?Media广告目的?Avertising?Objectives? 广告伦理?Morality?of?Advertising广告法规?Law?of?Advertising广告效果?Advertising?Effect广告文案?Advertising?Copy? 广告摄影?Advertising?Photography说明广告?Informative?Advertising招贴画?海报?Poster招牌?Sign-board?小型宣传册?Pamphlet大型宣传册?Portfolio?商品目录?Catalogue企业商报?House?Organ?户外广告?Outdoor?Advertising? POP广告?Point?of?Purchase?Advertisin g展示?Display?橱窗展示?Window?Display展示柜?Cabinet博览会?Exposition?万国博览会?World?Exposition?工业包装?Industrial?Packing标签?Label?动画?Animation?插图?Illustration书法?Calligraphy印刷?Initial?设计费?design?fee标准?standard?注册商标?registered?trade?mark六、设计思潮与流派学院派?Academicism理性主义?Rationalism?非理性主义?Irrationalism? 古典主义?Classicism 浪漫主义?Romanticism 现实主义?Realism?印象主义?Impressionism?后印象主义?Postimpressionism? 新印象主义?Neo-Impressionisme(法）??那比派?The?Nabject表现主义?Expressionism?象征主义?Symbolism野兽主义?Fauvism立体主义?Cubism未来主义?Futurism奥弗斯主义?Orphism达达主义?Dadaisme(法)超现实主义?Surrealism纯粹主义?Purism?抽象艺术?Abstract?Art?绝对主义，至上主义?Suprematism??????新造型主义?Neo-plasticisme(法) 风格派?De?Stiji?青骑士?Der?Blaus?Reiter?抒情抽象主义?Lyric?Abstractionism抽象表现主义?Abstract?Expressionism? 行动绘画?Action?Painting?塔希主义?Tachisme(法)视幻艺术?Op?Art?活动艺术、机动艺术?Kinetic?Art极少主义?Minimalism概念主义?Conceptualism波普艺术?Pop?Art?芬克艺术、恐怖艺术?Funk?Art?超级写实主义?Super?Realism人体艺术?Body?Art?芝加哥学派?Chicago?School?艺术与手工艺运动?The?Arts?&Crafts?Movement新艺术运动?Art?Nouveau分离派?Secession?构成主义?Constructivism现代主义?Modernism包豪斯?Bauhaus?阿姆斯特丹学派?Amsterdam?School? 功能主义?Functionalism装饰艺术风格?Art?Deco(法)国际风格?International?Style流线型风格?Streamlin?Forms?。

学术天地ART AND AESTHETICS·艺术与美学产品在我们的身边触手可及，它涉及到我们生活的方方面面，且直接影响着我们的生活质量，优秀的产品设计能够方便我们的工作、学习和生活，而拙劣的产品设计不仅给我们带来很多困扰，有时甚至会带来生命危险。

因此，优秀的产品设计不仅要从设计师的角度来衡量，也要从产品自身来看。

它需要设计师具有崇高情怀，拥有睿智细心的洞察，别具一格的魅力；而作为产品自身，需要满足优先级，适用性，舒适性，实用性与美观性相结合等特点。

当今世界，各种优秀的设计可谓比比皆是，各类优秀的设计师也是层出不穷，可是在琳琅满目的商场中，还是会有很多产品鱼龙混杂，那究竟什么才是真正优秀的设计呢？介于设计本身涉猎的范围极为广泛，这里只浅谈一下对于产品而言，哪些是衡量一个产品的设计是否优秀的标准。

从设计心理学的角度来讲，设计是无言的服务、无声的命令，在浩瀚的宇宙中，我们每一个人都是一个复杂的、开放的综合体。

而优秀的设计会与这一个个的综合体产生默契，和谐以及产生共鸣，最终达到人为产品所代言，产品为人所服务。

意大利设计之教父埃托·索特萨斯曾经说过：“我只是为了那些需要我照顾的人工作而已，并不是为了成功。

”设计师本身具有崇高的情怀，不是为了设计而设计，更不是为了某种权利名义而设计，单纯只是想要给人类更多的关怀、更多的帮助与方便，当一个设计师能够有如此情怀，定能将更多的精力投入到对人类的洞察，对事物细节的思考，从而发现常人难以感知的灵感与动力，设计出与众不同的产品。

飞利浦·斯塔克的幽默给人以无形的关怀，将他的幽默注入产品的每一个细节，他的作品让人看上去就能发笑，人们用起来更增添一份愉悦与欣慰，将他的作品摆放在家里，定会增添一丝生气，很多飞利浦·斯塔克的崇拜者买来他的作品摆放在家里都不舍得用，单纯的放在那里也宛如一个美妙的家居装饰，能打动人的设计当然是优秀的设计，能让人过目不忘的设计更是优秀的设计。