英语_国际交流教材简介版

国际交流英语（2010-4-30）姓名：————————学号：—————————Task One: Study the following abstract by using 5A strategy: Modern management is essentially about managing people as well as processes in a rapidly changing environment. (2) The author presents the factors which make “strategic management” effective. (3) A dominant factor is the organization climate which, in turn, is determined by the quality of the mangers and the availability of alternatives. (4) To improve the organization climate in which strategic management can be effective, the quality of the managers is a crucial factor. (5) The scope for alternatives also proves an important constraint. (6) The author suggests that the assessment of effects for management should include the use of consultants and the role of formal procedure. (7) It is concluded that the correct judgment and optimal operation of the essential factors will enhance the effectiveness of strategic management in general.Task Two:Find out the Common Errors of Abstract1.This paper will explore the analytical components and anomalies of admiralty jurisdiction（英国海军法）as it relates to marineinsurance and will conjugate（变位）, if you will, the “irregular verb” that constitutes admiralty jurisdiction of marine insurance contracts. I think, admiralty jurisdiction should include all maritime contracts. My study has confirmed the saying that…2. In this paper, we have given a reason that is why the competitive ability of the national firms is weak. Because the non-national firms can get very cheap labor, under the same technical and economical conditions and the same cost, a non-national firm can produce more output than a national firm does, so it can get much more profit. In this way, the competitive ability of the non-national firm is stronger than the national firms.3.In this paper, reconstruction of many holograms（全息图）are presented by computer with an analyzed mathematical model.4.The influence of the cavity of the operation of hydrogen maser and…are discussed. Some design considerations of…are given. A practical construction…is shown. The method with high precision of…is presented. The measured stability data… are also given.5. In this paper, we obtain the stone theorem in De Morgan algebra, and using this theorem, we give a necessary and sufficient condition that De Morgan（德。

摩根代数）becomes Kleene algebra （克里恩代数）. For proving the above results, we introduce a new quashiboolean ring（准布尔代数环）. Furthermore, we prove thequasi-Boolean ring. Using this result, we get a necessary and sufficient condition that De Morgan algebra becomes Kleene algebra. And finally, we discuss some properties of the quasi-Boolean ring.6.Recent anatomic studies have shown that the left bundle system of human heart actually branches out three divisions, that is, left anterior, left posterior and left mid-septal divisions. When the mid-septal fascicles（阻挡膜）are diseased, the prominent anterior shift of QRS loop and the prominent tall R wave in the right chest leads could be recorded in VCG and in EKG respectively. It was denominated anterior conduction delay (ACD)（前部传导滞后）. ACD is considered to be a manifestation of left mid-septal fascicular block. In the present study, 61 cases of ACD are discussed and EKG critteria of ACD are recommended.Task Three: Study the Five Stages of Introductions1. General statements about a field of research to provide the reader witha setting for the problem to be reported.2. More specific statements about the aspects of the problem already studied by other researchers3. Statements that indicate the need for more investigation.4. Very specific statements giving the purpose or objectives of thewriter’s study5. Optional statements that give a value or justification for carrying out the study6. The organization of the research paper.Task Four:Analyze the following Introductions, following the directions if possible:•(1) Underline the part stating the research background;•(2) Parenthesize the part pointing to the existing problem;•(3) Draw a box around the part focusing on the present research. Introduction 1:According to Hannagan(1995:18), “Modern management is essentially about managing people as well as processes, in a rapidly changing environment.” This seems especially important for a British Airways office set in a different culture, which is largely due to the fact that given the variety of cultural inheritance people under different cultures may behave in diverging ways. The human behaviors affect the performance of people at work, as shown by the Hawthorme effect, and a careful analysis of such behavior under a multicultural context will be beneficial to the overall performance of the department as well as that of each individual.In this paper, I shall undertake an analysis of an issue. The departmentwhere I work is British Agency China, based in Beijing. In this place a British manager has to deal with over 20 Chinese employees.During the time that we have worked together, it has seemed to me that there exists such a cultural difference and in many cases the communication between the employer and the employee cannot get through, thereby influencing the overall performance of the department.I shall analyze the issue in this context and attempt to formulate certain possible procedures to tackle the task.Introduction 2:•In this paper I attempt to show how a number of related concepts in Cognitive Grammar (Fillmore,1982) can be applied to the analyses of discourse. Cognitive Grammar(CG) is well adapted not only to addressing issues concerning the relationship between language and cognition but also to constituting a potentially powerful socio-linguistic tool. I will focus on two related concepts: “profiling” (Langacker,1990) and “radial category structure” (Lakoff, 1987).Task Five: Study the Reference Forms•Periodical: (Basic Entry)•Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (1994). Titleof Article. Title of Periodicals, xx, xxx-xxx.•Nonperiodical:•Author, A. A. (1994). Title of work. Location: Publisher.1.The basic forms are:a.Books: 1) the name of the author, compilor,etc.2) the name of the book3) the publishing place4) the name of the publishing house5) the time of publicationb. Magazines:1) the name of the author2) “the title of the article”3)the name of the magazine4)the serier number (if any)5)the date of the publication6)the page numberTask 6:Study the Three Information Elements of Results•A statement that locates the figures where the results can be found.•Statements that present the most important findings.•Statements that comment on the resultsFunctions of Comments may :•Generalize from the results;•explain possible reasons for the results;•compare the results with results from other studiesTask 7: Study the First Information Elements In Discussion Specific Reference to the Study• A reference to the main purpose or hypothesis of the study.• A review of the most important findings, whether or not they support the original hypothesis, and whether they agree with the findings of other researchers.•Possible explanations for or speculations about the findings.•Limitations of the study that restrict the extent to which the findings can be generalized.Later Information Elements in DiscussionGeneral Statements about the study•Implications of the study (generalizations from the results);•Recommendations for future research and practical applications.•Expressions for Restating Hypothesis•Expressions for Suggesting ImplicationsTask 8: Study the Conference Activities:1.General assembly is usually attended by all the participants of the conference and sometimes by government officials as well as reporters. Activities in a general assembly, in most cases, are the opening ceremony, welcome speeches by governmental officials and organizers, general speeches given by distinguished guests or outstanding experts, and closing ceremony. Substantial paper presentations are usually not arranged in the general assembly.2.Plenary sessions of a conference are usually also attended by all the participants. Invited lectures or keynote presentations are usually arranged in plenary sessions. These lectures invited and arranged by the organizers are usually given by well-known experts of a particular field according to the themes of the meeting, and the papers presented on these occasions are all about some research subjects of universal significance and general interests. The plenary lectures or presentations often take longer time than those allocated for ordinary paper presentations in parallel sessions, and are followed by questions or discussions as well.•3. Parallel sessions, refer to smaller-scale meetings held simultaneously, which are therefore called simultaneous sessions. These sessions are important occasions for participants of a particular research group to present their individual papers. Usually a special topic is arranged for a particular parallel session, and a larger conference usually has several or dozens of such topics for discussion.•4. Poster sessions are a form of meeting in which papers are posted on boards or walls in a specially separated area of the meeting place. The participants can go there and read the posted papers and discuss them with the author waiting there. In case the author is not around, there may be a small box near the posted paper where the author’s name cards are available, or a special place for the audience who want to leave messages for the author. The area covered for each paper to be posted is pre-determined by the conference, and the printed material for display should be clear enough and convenient for distant viewers.Task 9: Read this passage. What is the topic/main sentence?‘Culture shock’ is the state of being confused when in contact with a different and unfamiliar civilization. ‘Shock’ suggests something that is negative: This may be true, especially at first. Typically, a person going to study in another country for the first time may miss family. In extreme cases, a person may become depressed or ill.SummaryBelow is a summary of the previous slide. Is there anything you would change?•Culture shock is the confusion caused by contact with an alien society.Initially, reactions may be negativeComments on the Summary•It contains instances of paraphrasing/changing some of the vocabulary. •It focuses on the main points•It omits expansion/elaboration of detail.Task 10:Read the following passages and Summarize them. The summary should be no more than 35 words long.1.High speed train operations have recently been introduced in railpassenger transportation markets worldwide. Although technologies for such operations have leveled at speeds of around 300 km/h, the operating parameters to be adopted in each application will differ from country to country. The operating environment will be one of the crucial success factors for the implementation of HST operations in China. (61 words)2.In Britain, the most common leisure activities take place at home andinclude entertaining friends and relatives. Watching television is by far the most popular pastime as 99% of homes have a TV set, and the average viewing time is about 26 hours a week. In addition, using and hiring video tapes is also very popular, with 80% of homes having a video recorder. Listening to the radio is virtually universal. It is listened to, on average, about 16 hours a week.Task 11. Data Interpretation:Look at the following bar chart and try to interprete the information conveyed in the chart.Two different ways of writing Comparison and contrast essay1.Focus on one time period and finish talkingabout the differences point by point and thenmove to the second time period and focus on it.Then the next. This is one way.2.Another way of writing is to focus on one pointof difference and observe the three differenttime period ,and then next point of differenceand so on..给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。