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高中英语语法复习讲义——动词不定式一.相关知识点精讲:1. 不定式作补语1) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如：例如;Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。
现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be ，不定式一般可以省去。
例如：例如：We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。
(to be 不能省去) 典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered___ the first computer. A. to inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be 以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing 的结构，排除A 、B、D 。
consider 用动词be 以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C 。
3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be 的结构。
例如：例如：We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2. 不定式作主语不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
高中英语语法讲义---- 名词性从句（主从、表从、宾从，同从）1，陈述句做名从用连词that + SV, that 表主句肯定从句完整，不做成分。
主从可用it 做形式主语，宾从第一个that 可省略。
You study hard.主从：That you study hard is known to us.= It is known to us that you study hard.表从：My opinion is that you study hard .宾从：I think (that) you study hard. …and that (不能省略)….同从：My opinion that you study hard is known to us. *比较同从和主从！●一般抽象名词后对其进行解释和说明的完整句子就是其同位语从句，不完整就是定语从句。
I appreciate your idea that we have an exam every week. （that后完整—同从）I appreciate your idea that you came up with last time.（that后不完整---定从）2，一般问句做名从用连词whether(是否) + SV，whether表主句不肯定从句完整，宾从中可用if（介词后或宾从后有or not时只用whether）。
Does your friend like English ?主从：Whether your friend likes English isn’t clear .=It isn’t clear whether your friend likes English.表从：My question is whether your friend likes English.宾从：I don’t know whether/ if your friend likes English.同从：My question whether your friend likes English isn’t clear.3, 特殊问句做名从用疑问词（连词）+ SV, 疑问词做主语时直接+谓语。
高中英语语法讲义-----定语从句概念1,定语：修饰限定人或物的成分。
a cute girl , the pen on the desk .The boy sitting here is my student. The book bought yesterday is popular.2,定语从句：修饰限定人或物的句子.The boy who is sitting here is my student. The book which was bought yesterday is popular 3,先行词：被定语从句修饰的人或物—the boy / the book. *注意词组---the old man under the tree(指人)4，关系词：代替先行词引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词）---who / which.I, who am 48, teach you English.5,限定性定语从句：从句紧跟在先行词后译为一句话。
6,非限定性定语从句：主句从句逗号分开，译为两句话。
既可对某个先行词也可对整个主句进行补充说明（不用that）。
You have been admitted to a top university , which has made your parents excited.限定性定语从句：在从句中所做成分关系词先行词指人：1，主语who/ that2, 宾语whom/ who/ that/---3, 定语（某人的）+ n whoseI have a friend. 1, He works in Wuhan.-----I have a friend who / that works in Wuhan.2, I love him -----I have a friend ( whom/ who/ that ) I love.3,His name is Ray.----I have a friend whose name is Ray.*当做介词宾语且和介词一起引导从句时：介词+ whom（人）/which （物）+从句。
高二上学期英语语法总结1．不定式被动向的一般形式的内涵及用法。
2．用作主语、定语、宾语和状语的不定式的四种功能的用法。
①当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的蒙受者时，不定式一般用被动形式。
不定式被动形式在句中可作主语、表语、状语、补语等。
如：To be obeyed was natural to her ．她生性让他人听从于她。
( 作主语 )The problem remained to be solved．这个问题还有待解决。
( 作表语 )It needs not to be said that they are very happy together．不用说他们在一同特别幸福。
( 作宾语 )There were plans to be made at once．要立刻拟订计划。
( 作定语 )He has returned only to be sent away again ．他回来此后又被打发走了。
( 作状语 )The captain ordered the flag to be hoisted．船长命令升旗。
( 作宾语补足语 )The book is intended to be read and not to be torn ．这书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。
( 作主语补足语 )②在某些句子中，不定式虽表被动，但仍用主动形式。
如：What is to pay ？要付多少钱？The reason is not far to seek．道理很浅易。
He gave me some books to read．他给了我一些书读。
We found the report easy to understand．我们发现这些报告很简单懂。
因为不定式闻名词、形容词和副词的特色，因此它在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语、补语等。
但因为时间关系1) 作主语。
如：To see is to believe．目睹为实。
英语语法讲义主讲：张老师名词动词的时态冠词动词的语态代词及it非谓语动词第一讲：七大词性介词，连词第二讲情态动词形容词，副词虚拟语气数词构词法动词及动词词组成功来自坚持，执着创造奇迹！！！第一章：名词 nouns 简称n.一，定义：表示人，事物，地方，时间，现象及其它抽象概念名称的词。
二，考点动向：近几年对名词的考察主要集中在名词辨析，由名词构成的固定短语，抽象名词具体化，不可数名词以及名词所有格等方面。
名词的分类名词的数三，专题讲解：名词所有格名词的句法功能名词的主动和被动意义个体名词：eg：room，rope等可数名词集体名词：eg：police，family等普通名词物质名词：eg：water，metal等不可数名词第一：名词的分类抽象名词：eg：freedom等专有名词：eg：Washington，China等第二：名词的数1）不可数名词数的表达形式：“数量+ 名词（单复数）+ of + 不可数名词”Eg：two cups of water a piece of paper two drops of water2) 可数名词的规则变化：情况方法例词一般情况加-s books，bags等以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加-es glasses，dishes，boxes，watches等以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变“y”为“i ”再加-es families，babies，armies等大部分以f或fe结尾的名词变“f”或“fe”为“v”再加-eshalves，lives，knives，wives，wolves，selves，thieves，shelves，leaves等（但roofs，serfs，gulfs，proofs，chiefs，beliefs除外）以“辅音+o”结尾的名词加-esheroes，N egroes,potatoes,tomatoesvolcanoes等以“元音+o”结尾的名词加-szoos，bamboos，studios、pianos、radios、photos等3）可数名词的不规则变化：方法例词单复数同形的名词sheep，means改变内部元音的名词man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese;mouse-mice; louse-lice.表示“某个国家的人”的名词的单复数形式因习惯不同而各异中日不变，英法变，其余后面-s添其它形式的变化child --children，ox---oxen passer-by---passers--by4）可转化为可数名词的物质名词，抽象名词和可用作可数名词的专有名词：名词有生命，一 般加“’s ” 名词词尾后加“-’s ” 或 “-s ” （并列名词后，各自和共有，第三，名词所有格 前者分别加 ，后者最后加） 若以s 结尾，则 只加“’”表物是“谁的”时间，地点和距离 也多用“’s ” “ 介词of +名词”构成：名词无生命第四，名词的句法功能：名词可以作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语，同位语等。
高中英语语法讲义第6讲动词时态和语态【概述】英语动词根据其在句中的作用可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。
谓语动词存在有时态和语态形式，非谓语动词有一般式，进行式，完成式，否定式，被动式和其复合结构。
动词以上的变化是国语中没有的，这也正是一个中国学生最难掌握的，在使用英语时常犯这类错误。
动词时态和语态是英文基础知识的一个重点，也是一个难点，同时也是高考的一个必考点。
湖北省高考英语对动词时态和语态知识的直接考查实放在写作部分（完成句子和书面表达）。
英文常见的谓语动词时态有一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，现在完成进行式和过去将来时十一种时态。
英文语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态，在主动语态中，主语为谓语动词动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语为谓语动词动作的承受着，以上十一种时态都有其相对应的被动形式。
被动语态的基本构成方式是“be + 实义动词的过去分词”，换句话说，在被动语态中一定要有be (包括其变形being, been),但一个句子谓语部分中有be 时，并非就一定是被动语态，这时，还要看实义动词的形式。
在英文动词被动语态中，除了以上各种时态的被动语态外，同学们还需注意：（1）含情态动词的被动语态（2）含短语动词的被动语态（3）主动形式表示被动的情况。
英文谓语部分中的时态和语态为谓语部分的两个方面，并非两个独立存在的谓语部分。
例如：We speak English. (时态为一般现在时，语态为主动语态) English is widely spoken all over the world. (时态为一般现在时，语态为被动语态)【知识储备】1、各种时态和其被动语态的构成方式。
（熟记）2、各种时态和语态的用法。
3、弄清几对易混时态的区别---一般过去时和现在完成时，现在完成时与现在完成进行时，一般过去时与过去完成时，特别要对过去完成时和过去将来时进行慎重运用。
名词性从句一、概念：在句中起名词作用的句子称名词性从句。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which连接副词：when, where, how, why2、不可省略的连词：①介词后的连词②引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
例如：That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了,我们很高兴。
We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
注：比较：whether与if均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下,whether不能被if 取代：①whether引导主语从句并在句首②引导表语从句③whether 从句作介词宾语④从句后有"or not"大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
例如：It is not important who will go. 谁去,这不重要。
It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗。
3、名词性that-从句①由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。
That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。
名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。
例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
高二英语第7-8单元重点语法精讲Ⅰ．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用（１）主句和从句谓语动词的变化形式表解：【注意】在条件状语从句中be动词一律用were, 但在口语中在I和he的后面有用was的现象,但if I were you是一个固定形式,不能用was,请看下面的例句：【例1】If he had time, he would attend the meeting.【例2】If you had come here yesterday, you would have met him.【例3】If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.（２）虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装：如果if省去了,必须将从句中的助动词,情态动词,be动词或have放在主语的前面。
例如：【例4】Were I in school again, I would work hard.【例5】 Had you come here yesterday, you would have met him. (同【例2】)【例6】Should it rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved. (同【例3】)（３）含蓄条件句：即由连词without, but for等表达一种含蓄存在的条件。
例如：【例7】Without air, there would be no living things.【例8】But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.（４）混合条件句：条件从句和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致时,动词的时态需要根据具体时间来调整。
例如：【例9】If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would b e quite all right now.【例10】If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now?Ⅱ．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用（１）wish宾语从句中的动词时态的形式：表希望现在……，动词用过去时态【例11】 I wish I had a sister like you.表希望过去……，动词用过去完成时态【例12】 I wish I had come to the party last night.表希望将来……，用would + 动词原形【例13】 I wish he would come to help us with it.【注意】此虚拟格式中的动词时态不受wish自身时态的影响。
高一英语语法讲义一、句子成分及简单句五种基本句型一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become mo re and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Sm oking does harm to the health.（动名词）The ri ch should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
号顿市安谧阳光实验学校语法精讲被动语态（voice）1.概念当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动语态。
2.构成“助动词be+过去分词”。
助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，也可以构成否定或疑问式。
3.用法被动语态常用于下列场合：需要强调动作的承受者；只知道动作的承受者，不知道谁是动作的执行者；论述科技内容的文体需要强调客观性和科学性。
如：The bridge was made of stone.这座桥是石头砌的。
A lot of people were killed in the fire.许多人葬身于火海中。
Pollution should be done away with.污染一定要消除。
4.各种时态的被动语态及其他形式的被动语态（见下表）时态名称被动形式（以do为例）一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done一般将来时will/shall be done过去将来时would be done现在进行时am/is/are bing done过去进行时was/were being done现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been done情态动词can/may/must be done不定式to be done;to have beendone现在分词being done;having beendone动名词being done;having beendone5.用主动式表示被动含义的几种情况A.用谓语动词的主动形式表示被动含义a)表示状态特征的连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear+形容词/名词构成的系表结构。
如：The steel feels cold.这块钢摸起来凉。
The plan proved practical.这个计划证明是实用的。
高二英语真题语法主讲：周帅欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材08geyy_zt_yf_1_1.mp3（31分钟）北京市海淀区高二期末测试英语试题II.单项填空（共15小题，15分）d21. After _________ quick supper, I hurried to ________ cinema.A. a; aB. /; theC. /; /D. a; thed22. The aging of the population will have a great ________ on our society in many ways.A. advantageB. resultC. dangerD. effectb23. After a long discussion, they finally ________ an agreement.A. came acrossB. came toC. turned toD. turned outc24. I _______ with my friend John in London but I didn‘t want to disturb him.A. could stayB. might stayC. could have stayedD. must have stayedd25. The reason ________ the accident occurred is still unknown.A. becauseB. whichC. howD. whyd26. I have no book-shelf in my room, so I‘m going to make ________ myself.A. itB. thisC. thatD. onea27. _________ to the station in a taxi, she felt sure that she would have some time to buy a magazine before getting on the train.A. TakenB. Having takenC. TakingD. To takec28. ________ time goes by, the pollution in this river is getting more and more serious.A. WithB. ForC. AsD. Byc29. Since the newspaper ______, we can see the score of the football game.A. is arrivingB. arrivedC. has arrivedD. is arrivedd30. Tom, as well as his parents, ________ the film tomorrow evening.A. have seenB. has seenC. are going to seeD. is going to seeb31. Out _________ , gun in hand.A. did he rushB. he rushedC. rushed heD. was rushingb32. On entering the office, I found Mr Tompson _________at the desk and ______ something.A. seated; writeB. seated; writingC. seat; writeD. seating; writingc33. Men ______ to smoke in public, _______ should be known to everyone.A. are not allowing…whatB. allowed…thatC. are not allowed… whichD. don‘t allow…whichb34. All he has done ________ worth _________.A. is; being paid attention toB. is; paying attention toC. are; to pay attention toD. are; to be paid attention toa35. —I don‘t have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?--__________.A. No problem.B. Nothing serious.C. That‘s fine.D. Never mind.III. 完型填空（20分）Life was beginning to make Linda feel __36___. London sometimes seemed too noisy and dirty. At times she felt very lonely. But now there are something __37___. There were words going about that the EBC was in money trouble, and would have to _38__ the number of jobs. Linda knew that since she had been the __39__ hired, she would probably be one of the first to go. Then one Friday afternoon , she was told that Wilson wanted to see her . Her heart __40__. People always got __41__ just before the weekend.Wilson looked quite __42___. He said he had meant to tell her__43__ earlier but had forgotten. Linda __44__ cried out. She turned very pale. She could feel her __45__ beating loudly. Wilson asked her if she was ___46__. He found her unusually excited. She __47____ her courage and asked him to ___48__ . Then he said that the department had certain difficulties and that he would like to __49__ them to her. She sat ___50__ and waited for the __51__ to come. ―We ‗re enlarging the department , __52___ new members. But we are in need of space. I wonder if you‘d ___53__ sharing your office with two new reporters. It won‘t last long.‖ he said. Linda was so ___54__ that she hardly knew what to say. Then Wilson said that he would like to put her in ___55__ of training the new reporters. ―There‘ll be a rise for you , of course,‖ he added.a36. A.bad B. well C. shy D. proudc37. A. wrong B. nice C.worse D. betterd38. A. work B. divide C. increase D. reduceb39. A.first B. last C. best D. worsta40. A. sank B. broke C. fell D. roseb41. A. hired B.dismissed C. paid D.scoldeda42. A. troubled B. silly C. ashamed D. pleasedb43. A. that B. about it C. everything D. somethingc44. A. really B. never C. almost D. certainlyb45. A. head B. heart C. feet D. bossd46. A. mistaken B. fooled C. right D. all righta47. A. kept up B. kept on C. kept out D. kept offd48. A. sit down B. help C. stop D. go onb49. A. give B. explain C. solve D. apologizeb50. A. down B. back C. up D. overd51. A. boss B. lesson C. difficulty D. blowb52. A. dismissing B. hiring C. driving D. showingc53. A. think B. suggest C. mind D. keepd54. A. upset B. nervous C. warm-hearted D. light –heartedb55. A. need B. charge C. danger D. face08geyy_zt_yf_2_1.mp3（31分钟）北京市西城区2006年抽样测试高二英语试卷二. 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
a 13. Like most July days, it was hot. I steeped into ____________ tiny ice —cream shop to cool off with ____________ chocolate sundae（圣代冰淇淋）.A. a; aB. the;不填C. 不填; theD. the; thed 14. —How long ____________ at this job?—Since 1990.A. were you employedB. will you be employedC. had you been employedD. have you been employedc 15. They suggested that the student referred to just now ____________ their monitor.A. was madeB. should makeC. be madeD. madea 16. The story she told ____________ me of an experience I had once had.A. remindedB. mentionedC. realizedD. rememberedc 17. —Why don‘t we have a short rest from work?—Didn‘t we just have ____________?A. itB. thatC. oneD. thisb 18. —Can you ____________ an extra ticket for me?—Sorry, I‘m afraid not.A. shareB. spareC. saveD. spendb 19. They have ____________ a plan for reducing the budget（预算）, which is quite practical.A. put offB. put forwardC. put awayD. put downd 20. —Could you do me a favor and take these books up to the sixth floor?—____________. No problem at all.A. My pleasureB. For pleasureC. At your pleasureD. With pleasure b 21. —She must be in the library now!—No, she ____________ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago.A. mustn‘tB. can‘tC. couldn‘tD. wouldn‘td 22. —I beg your pardon, madam.—I told you ____________ litter（垃圾）on the grass.A. don‘t leaveB. didn‘t leaveC. not leaveD. not to leaved 23. —The fog is so thick that the highway must have been closed.—You are right. I ____________ have thought of that. Now we have to take another road.A. mayB. canC. mustD. shouldb 24. I saw the professor ____________ among the students.A. satB. seatedC. sitD. seatingd 25. ____________ Kate and Joan who taught the boy to sing the nice song last night.A. There areB. There wereC. It will beD. It wasd 26. —Your school bag needs washing, Tom.—Y es, it does. I‘m going to have it ____________ right now.A. washingB. washC. to washD. washedc 27. —Is that the small house you often talk about?—Right, just the one ____________ you know I used to live for years.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what三. 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
