外研社英语必修四第一单元语法讲解及练习(精)

重点单词详析：（1）alternative【原句回放】We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.我们也将不得不更多地依赖替代来源，例如太阳能和风能。

【点拨】alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的；n. 可供选择的事物have no alternative/choice but to do别无选择只能……alternative ways 可供选择的方法Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？【拓展】alternatively adv. 二者择一地alternative, choice区别：alternative意为“取舍，抉择”，一般指从两者中选择一个，只限办法、打算，而不能指具体的事物。

choice意为“选择”，强调自由的选择，不管选择方式及对象的多少。

We had no alternative/choice but to fire him. 我们别无他法，只能辞退了他。

What influenced you most in your choice of career?在你选择职业时对你影响最大的是什么？（2）load【原句回放】To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials…为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料……【点拨】load n. 负荷；重担；装载量；v. 装(载) ；使担负load…into 把……装进load…with 给……装上/加上be loaded with装载有，负担有be/take a load off sb.’s mind 心上的石头落地，使……如释重负The good news has taken a load off my mind. 听了这条好消息我就放心了。

必修4第1模块知识辅导重点单词【词条1】load【课文原句】To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun,…(Page 2)【点拨】该句意为“为解决垃圾问题，城里人将会把废物装进巨大的宇宙飞船，把这些废物送往太阳……”。

其中load意为“装载”，通常与with搭配，loa d …with…意为“把……装进……”。

如：The tractor was loaded with grain.【拓展】与load…with…结构相同的动词还有：fill…with…把……装进……；equip…with…用……装配；cover…with用……覆盖。

如：Please cover the desk with a new table clothes.We should equip ourselves with broad knowledge.【词条2】certain【课文原句】But one thing is certain —they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.（Page 2）【点拨】该句意为“但有一件事是可以肯定的—它们将会先变大，然后再变小”。

其中，certain 意为“无疑的，确定的”，后跟of / about / to do sth. 或that从句，这时certain相当于sure。

如：Are you cert ain that you’ll get there in time?S he’s certain to do well in the examination.We are certain of winning the game.【拓展】在“It is certain that …”结构中，不能换成sure，只能用certain。

No matter+疑问词”结构用法疑难解析no matter常与疑问代词或疑问副词一起构成连词词组引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……，无论……”，是高考的高频考点之一，在运用时应注意以下几点：一、注意从句的时态由no matter what/who/where/when…引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。

如：No matter who you are, you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁，都应该遵守规则。

二、注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置1.no matter what/whose/which修饰名词时，该名词必须紧跟其后；2.no matter how修饰形容词或副词时，该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。

如：No matter how hard he works, he find it difficult to make ends meet. 无论他多么努力工作，却总是入不敷出。

三、注意“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+ever”在用法上的区别1. “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词+ever”互换。

如：No matter where he may be （=Wherever he may be）, he will be happy. 他无论在什么地方都快乐。

2. 而“疑问词+ever”还可以引导名词性从句。

如：Give this book to whoever likes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。

（这里不能用no matter who。

）3.1)whoever既可引导名词性从句，又有在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等；2)whomever也可引导名词性从句，但只能在从句中作宾语。

如：You may invite whomever you like.4. whatever表示“无论什么”，没有一定的范围限制；whichever表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些”，其后可接一个名词。

单元语法总结将来进行时形式shall/will+be+现在分词意义表示将来某一时间内正在进行的动作、预料要发生的或即将发生的动作。

用法例句1）表示将来某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作，常与特定的将来时间状语连用。

I’ll be doing my homework at 9 o’clock tonight.今晚9点钟我会在做作业。

2）表示已经决定或安排好的要发生的动作或事情。

You needn’t cook supper，Mum.I shall be cooking dinner tonight.妈妈，不用做晚饭了。

今晚的饭我来做。

3）表示亲切和客气的语气。

I shall be thinking of you.我会想你的。

4）表示人们确信某事肯定会发生。

When I arrive at the airport,my whole family will be waiting for me.全家人都会来机场迎接我。

5）表示预测或希望某事会发生。

When I get home,my wife will probably be watching TV.到家时，我太太大概在看电视。

6）用于询问别人的安排，特别是当你想得到别人帮助的时候。

Will you be passing the post office when you’re out?你出去的时候会不会经过邮局？一般将来时、将来进行时和现在进行时的用法比较时态形式用法例句一般将来时be goingto表示“决定、打算要做什么事，或有迹象表明将要发生、可能会出现什么情况”，有时可以表示建议或询问。

I am going to buy a new coatthis winter.今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。

will表示说话人认为、希望或假定要发生的事，不含任何具体时间，可指遥远的未来。

I believe China will becomeone of the richest countries inthe world.我相信中国将成为世界上最表示计划、安排或征求意见。

1essonFour1定语从句的定义与分类在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

前者紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；后者主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。

2.关系代词的用法(I)WhO的用法：WhO指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。

(2)whom的用法：WhOm指人，在从句中作宾语，此时也可用WhO代替。

(3)whose的用法：whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。

它可以转化为“the+名词+ofWhiCh/whom"和"ofwhich/whom+the+名词”的形式。

(4)that和which的用法①WhiCh指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，WhiCh 和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

②在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况a.当先行词是a11,1itt1e,few,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。

b.当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

c.当先行词被theon1y,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时。

d.当先行词既有人又有物时。

③句中其他位置已出现与关系代词相同的疑问词时，应避免重复。

难点分析一：(I)Whatif用于提出假设时，意思是“倘若……，假若……怎么办，要是……将会怎么样”，其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或ShOUk1+动词原形；若是针对过去情况，从句则用过去完成时)。

(2)Whatif表示邀请或建议时，意思是“……怎么样？如果……如何？”。

精编外研版必修四m o d u l e1知识与练习(总7页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-Ⅰ.单词荟萃1. _______vt. 预测，预言→__________n. 预测→predictable adj. 可预言的，可预报的2. ____adj.危险的；冒险的→risk vt.&n.冒险3. ____vi. 依赖；依靠→_______adj. 可靠的→reliability n. 可靠性4．load vt. 装载n. 装载量；负担→_______v．卸货→_________v. 下载5. ______vt. 供给动力n. 动力，能力，权力→powered adj. 用动力推动的，有动力装置的→_________adj. 有力的；有功效的6. _________n．失去能力；伤残→disabled adj.残疾的7. _________adv.无疑地；确定地→definite adj. 明确的，一定的8. _________adv.最后；终于→eventual adj. 最后的，最终的Ⅱ.短语检测1．确切地；肯定地2．自然资源3．用完；耗尽4．依赖；依靠5．替代性能源6．除掉；处理掉7．免费8．履行；实施；执行9．被附在/粘在10. 小心；当心11. 即将被淘汰；即将过时12. 作为开始；首先；第一点for surenatural resources run out/use up rely on alternative energy get rid offree of charge carry outbe attached to look out/be careful on the way out for a startⅢ.佳句再现1．No one knows _______, and _________________ is a risky business. 谁也说不准，并且猜测也是件冒险的事。

(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)Ⅰ.听力测试(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

M：What can I do for you，madam?W：I'd like to have a look at books on science.I want to buy some.1Where are the two speakers talking?A．In a shop.B．In a bookstore.C．In a library.W：I am hoping to get some bread from the shop before it closes.M：My watch says 6：50，so we have around 40 minutes left to be there.2What time does the shop close?A．At 7：30.B．At 6：30.C．At 7：00.W：Excuse me，would you mind if I use your phone?M：Help yourself.It is on the table over there.3What does the man tell the woman to do?A．Help herself to some food.B．Use the phone on the table.C．Bring some food to the table.M：The work is rather hard，but it's interesting.W：Mine isn't hard，but it's not so interesting.M：What do you do?W：I work in a publishing house.4What does the woman do?A．An editor. B．A nurse. C．A housewife.W：More coffee?M：Please，darling.Well，where is Joan?W：She is upstairs，in her bedroom.5What's the relationship between the two speakers?A．Friends.B．Husband and wife.C．Waitress and customer.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

外研高中英语必修四Module 1 课时练习Ⅰ.品句填词1．We have several________(供选择的东西)to choose from.答案：alternatives2．She is not________(乐观的)about the result.答案：optimistic3．How much do you ________(要价)for a room with a bath?答案：charge4．She manages to lead a normal life in spite of her________(残废)．答案：disabilities5．Don't be________(冒险的)！Think carefully before you leap!答案：riskyⅡ.选词填空be attached to，in charge of，rely on it that，run out，be sure to1．He was________the shop while the manager was away.答案：in charge of2．We can ________we will finish the project on time.答案：rely on it that3．The hospital________that university.答案：is attached to4．He________call you up.答案：is sure to5．The ink________before I'd finished writing the address.答案：ran outⅢ.单项填空1．—How do you find your new classmates?—Most of them are kind，but________is so good to me as Bruce.A．none B．no oneC．every one D．some one解析：句意：——你认为你的新同学怎样？——他们大部分都很友好，但没有人能像Bruce那样对我那么好。

Unit 1 Looking forwards 学案1．Youth is our future and our hope.青年是我们的未来，是我们的希望。

2．The future is a paradise for young people.未来是青年人的天堂。

3．We should be happy that the future belongs to us.我们应该感到高兴，未来必将完全属于我们！4．A wise man always seizes the opportunity and turns it into a bright future.一个明智的人总是抓住机遇，把它变成美好的未来。

People will become more and more richer in the future.Everything will change.For example：we won't go to school for study，we only stay at home to teach ourselves with computer.No matter where we want to go，we only have a thought.We can go to other planets without anyone's help.If we want to buy something，we only press a key，a robot will help us.I think our life in the future will be more interesting and wonderful.Life in the future will be different from life today.Between then and now many changes will take place，but what will the changes be?The population is growing fast.There will be many people in the world and most of them will live longer than people live now.Computers will be much smaller and more useful，and there will be at least one in every home.And Computer Studies lessons will be one of the most important subjects in schools then.People will work for hours than they do now and they will have free time for sports，watching TV and travel.Travelling will be much cheaper and easier.And many more people will go to other countries for holidays.There will be changes in our food，too.More land will be used for building newtowns and houses for all the people.Then there will be less room for cows and sheep，so meat will be more expensive.Maybe no one will eat it every day.Instead they will eat more fruit and vegetables.Maybe people will be healthier.Work in the future will be different，too.Dangerous and hard work will be done by robots.Because of this，many people will not have enough work to do.This will be a problem.[探究发现]1．Find out what aspects will be changed in the future?The population；computers；working hours；food；work.2．Find out the reason why meat will be more expensive.More land will be used for building new towns and houses for all the people.Then there will be less room for cows and sheep.3．Find out the main idea of the passage.Life in the future will be different from life today in many ways.Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.bullfighting A．adj.(有关)历史的()2.historical B．n.斗牛()3.trainee C．n.点，小圆点()4.dot D．ad v.往回，往前面()5.backwards E．n.接受工作培训的人；实习生[答案]1－5BAECDB．短语匹配()1.in this respect A．采取行动()e one's way B．学某人的样子；效仿某人()3.in desperation C．在正确/适当的位置()4.take action D．在这一方面()5.not necessarily E．意外落在……头上()6.under pressure F．绝望()7.take a leaf out of sb.'s book G．未必()8.in place H．在压力之下()9.focus on I．结果是()10.turn out J．关注；聚焦于[答案]1－5DEFAG6－10HBCJIⅡ.默写单词1．ambition n．追求，理想2．correspondent n. 通讯员，记者3．detective n. 私家侦探4．ultimately ad v. 最后，最终5．boyhood n. (男性的)童年时期，少年时代Ⅰ.语境填词single­minded；illustrated；comfortably；reality；widespread；historical；ambition；originally；interestingly；householdThe young writer had originally worked as a doctor.2．Interestingly，there are very few recorded cases of such attacks.3．You must place these events in their historical context.4．Sherlock Holmes made Doyle a household name.5．If you're all sitting comfortably，then I'll begin.6．The plan received widespread support throughout the country.7．She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.8．The reality is that there is not enough money to pay for this project.9．This problem can be illustrated by this picture.10．She is very single-minded about her career and achieves her target every year.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．He is an ambitious(ambition)young man full of confidence.2．Good sports records come from hard training(train)．3．A detective(detect)is a person whose job is to examine crimes and catch criminals.4．The historical(history)reason for beginning the New Year in such a time is complex.5. Ultimately(ultimate)，you'll have to make the decision yourself.6．In desperation (desperate)，she called me and asked for my help.7．The evenings are comfortably (comfort)cool.8．In reality (real)，theory comes from practice.9．The room still has many of its original(origin)features.10．We desperately(desperate)want to know where we came from.1．In this respect，some people are more fortunate than others，as can be illustrated by comparing the lives of two famous authors，born 40 years apart.在这方面，有些人比其他人更幸运，这可以通过比较相隔40年出生的两位著名作家的生活来说明。

外研版选择性必修第四册全册练习题Unit 1 Looking forwards ........................................................................................................... - 2 - 课时分层作业1............................................................................................................... - 2 - 课时分层作业2............................................................................................................... - 7 - 课时分层作业3............................................................................................................. - 11 - 单元综合测验................................................................................................................ - 17 - Unit 2 Lessons in life ............................................................................................................... - 31 - 课时分层作业1............................................................................................................. - 31 - 课时分层作业2............................................................................................................. - 37 - 课时分层作业3............................................................................................................. - 42 - 单元综合测验................................................................................................................ - 48 - Unit 3 The world meets China ................................................................................................ - 63 - 课时分层作业1............................................................................................................. - 63 - 课时分层作业2............................................................................................................. - 69 - 课时分层作业3............................................................................................................. - 74 - 单元综合测验................................................................................................................ - 79 - Unit 4 Everyday economics .................................................................................................... - 95 - 课时分层作业1............................................................................................................. - 95 - 课时分层作业2........................................................................................................... - 100 - 课时分层作业3........................................................................................................... - 105 - 单元综合测验.............................................................................................................. - 110 - Unit 5 Into the unknown ...................................................................................................... - 126 - 课时分层作业1........................................................................................................... - 126 - 课时分层作业2........................................................................................................... - 132 - 课时分层作业3........................................................................................................... - 136 - 单元综合测验.............................................................................................................. - 142 - Unit 6 Space and beyond ..................................................................................................... - 158 - 课时分层作业1........................................................................................................... - 158 - 课时分层作业2........................................................................................................... - 164 - 课时分层作业3........................................................................................................... - 168 - 单元综合测验.............................................................................................................. - 174 -Unit 1 Looking forwards课时分层作业1Ⅰ.单词拼写1．His ambition(抱负) was to get to the top.2．The detective(侦探) followed the footprints to find the killer.3．He has no clue about how to solve this complex(复杂的) case.4．This is the busiest commercial (商业的)street in the city.5．Only a finite number of situations can arise(发生)．6．I know I can trust her in any circumstance(情况)．7．We listened to the news with a mixture(混合)of surprise and horror.8．There is an urgent need for qualified(合格的)teachers.9．He speaks English with perfect fluency(流利)．10．You have to shift(转换) gears as you drive around the corner.Ⅱ.阅读理解AIt was a normal school day for senior Solymar Solis until an unexpected visitor arrived.Her dad，Sgt.Carlos Solis Melendez，surprised her by coming home early from Kuwait and visiting her unannounced at Spring Valley High School in South Carolina.After serving in Kuwait for nine months，Melendez returned home a week earlier than his daughter expected.He held balloons and flowers in a classroom as he sat at a student's desk to blend in with the crowd.“It came to my mind like ‘How is she going to react？’，” he recalled the heartwarming moment.“Is she going to be happy and run to me and hug me，or cry? That was all going on through my mind.”As unsuspecting Solymar entered the classroom，she was soon overcome with emotion，immediately bursting into tears and covering her mouth.She didn't talk.She was just crying.She was overwhelmed with everything.She thought it was a dream.Melendez was a single parent，so when he was deployed(调动)，he got his sister to live with his daughter.When he was coming back and talking to his sister，both of them came to the conclusion that they should do something special for his daughter.Melendezand his sister got in touch with the school，and they planned this whole being-in-the-classroom thing，and it turned out perfect.The two are very much looking forward to some good daddy-daughter time now that he's home.“It means everything，” Melendez said of being able to surprise his daughter this way.“After all the sacrifices she's made，she deserves all the special arrangements and special occasions and celebrations.I'll do anything for my daughter.I believe I'm doing good parenting.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。