模拟试卷四
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:119.30 KB
- 文档页数:3
中考数学模拟试卷(四)一.选择题(共9小题,满分45分,每小题5分)1.(5分)在﹣0.1428中用数字3替换其中的一个非0数码后,使所得的数最大,则被替换的字是()A.1 B.2 C.4 D.82.(5分)一个空间几何体的主视图和左视图都是边长为2的正方形,俯视图是一个圆,那么这个几何体的表面积是()A.6πB.4πC.8πD.43.(5分)若分式的值为0,则x的值等于()A.0 B.±3 C.3 D.﹣34.(5分)下列事件是随机事件的是()A.购买一张福利彩票,中奖B.在一个标准大气压下,加热到100℃,水沸腾C.有一名运动员奔跑的速度是80米/秒D.在一个仅装着白球和黑球的袋中摸球,摸出红球5.(5分)下列运算正确的是()A.3a2+a=3a3B.2a3•(﹣a2)=2a5C.4a6+2a2=2a3D.(﹣3a)2﹣a2=8a2 6.(5分)如图,已知直线AB、CD被直线AC所截,AB∥CD,E是平面内任意一点(点E不在直线AB、CD、AC上),设∠BAE=α,∠DCE=β.下列各式:①α+β,②α﹣β,③β﹣α,④360°﹣α﹣β,∠AEC的度数可能是()A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.①②③④7.(5分)若α、β是一元二次方程x2+3x﹣6=0的两个不相等的根,则α2﹣3β的值是()A.3 B.15 C.﹣3 D.﹣158.(5分)在今年抗震赈灾活动中,小明统计了自己所在的甲、乙两班的捐款情况,得到三个信息:(1)甲班捐款2500元,乙班捐款2700元;(2)乙班平均每人捐款数比甲班平均每人捐款数多;(3)甲班比乙班多5人,设甲班有x人,根据以上信息列方程得()A.B.C.×(1+)=D.9.(5分)已知:圆内接四边形ABCD中,对角线AC⊥BD,AB>CD.若CD=4,则AB的弦心距为()A.B.2 C.D.二.填空题(共6小题,满分30分,每小题5分)10.(5分)分解因式:16m2﹣4=.11.(5分)如果反比例函数y=(k≠0)的图象在每个象限内,y随着x的增大而减小,那么请你写出一个满足条件的反比例函数解析式(只需写一个).12.(5分)一个扇形统计图,某一部分所对应扇形的圆心角为120°,则该部分在总体中所占有的百分比是%.13.(5分)元旦到了,商店进行打折促销活动.妈妈以八折的优惠购买了一件运动服,节省30元,那么妈妈购买这件衣服实际花费了元.14.(5分)如图,线段AB=10,点P在线段AB上,在AB的同侧分别以AP、BP 为边长作正方形APCD和BPEF,点M、N分别是EF、CD的中点,则MN的最小值是.15.(5分)如图,△ABC中,BC的垂直平分线DP与∠BAC的角平分线相交于点D,垂足为点P,若∠BAC=84°,则∠BDC=.三.解答题(共4小题,满分30分)16.(6分)计算:.17.(6分)解关于x的不等式组:,其中a为参数.18.(8分)如图,E,F是四边形ABCD的对角线AC上两点,AF=CE,DF=BE,DF∥BE.求证:(1)△AFD≌△CEB;(2)四边形ABCD是平行四边形.19.(10分)如图,为了测量某建筑物CD的高度,先在地面上用测角仪自A处测得建筑物顶部的仰角是α,然后在水平地面上向建筑物前进了m米,此时自B 处测得建筑物顶部的仰角是β.已知测角仪的高度是n米,请你计算出该建筑物的高度.四.解答题(共4小题,满分45分)20.(10分)小王同学在学校组织的社会调查活动中负责了解他所居住的小区450户居民的生活用水情况,他从中随机调查了50户居民的月均用水量(单位:t),并绘制了样本的频数分布表和频数分布直方图(如图).月均用水量频数百分比(单位:t)2≤x<324%3≤x<41224%4≤x<55≤x<61020%6≤x<712%7≤x<836%8≤x<924%(1)请根据题中已有的信息补全频数分布表和频数分布直方图;(2)如果家庭月均用水量“大于或等于4t且小于7t”为中等用水量家庭,请你估计总体小王所居住的小区中等用水量家庭大约有多少户?(3)从月均用水量在2≤x<3,8≤x<9这两个范围内的样本家庭中任意抽取2个,请用列举法(画树状图或列表)求抽取出的2个家庭来自不同范围的概率.21.(10分)A、B两辆汽车同时从相距330千米的甲、乙两地相向而行,s(千米)表示汽车与甲地的距离,t(分)表示汽车行驶的时间,如图,L1,L2分别表示两辆汽车的s与t的关系.(1)L1表示哪辆汽车到甲地的距离与行驶时间的关系?(2)汽车B的速度是多少?(3)求L1,L2分别表示的两辆汽车的s与t的关系式.(4)2小时后,两车相距多少千米?(5)行驶多长时间后,A、B两车相遇?22.(12分)如图,⊙O半径为1,AB是⊙O的直径,C是⊙O上一点,连接AC,⊙O外的一点D 在直线AB上.(1)若AC=,OB=BD.①求证:CD是⊙O的切线.②阴影部分的面积是.(结果保留π)(2)当点C在⊙O上运动时,若CD是⊙O的切线,探究∠CDO与∠OAC的数量关系.23.(13分)已知,抛物线y=ax2+ax+b(a≠0)与直线y=2x+m有一个公共点M (1,0),且a<b.(1)求b与a的关系式和抛物线的顶点D坐标(用a的代数式表示);(2)直线与抛物线的另外一个交点记为N,求△DMN的面积与a的关系式;(3)a=﹣1时,直线y=﹣2x与抛物线在第二象限交于点G,点G、H关于原点对称,现将线段GH沿y轴向上平移t个单位(t>0),若线段GH与抛物线有两个不同的公共点,试求t的取值范围.中考数学模拟试卷(四)参考答案与试题解析一.选择题(共9小题,满分45分,每小题5分)1.【解答】解:逐个代替后这四个数分别为﹣0.3428,﹣0.1328,﹣0.1438,﹣0.1423.﹣0.1328的绝对值最小,只有C符合.故选:C.2.【解答】解:根据题目的描述,可以判断出这个几何体应该是个圆柱,且它的底面圆的半径为1,高为2,那么它的表面积=2π×2+π×1×1×2=6π,故选A.3.【解答】解:∵分式的值为0,∴x2﹣9=0且x﹣3≠0,解得:x=﹣3,故选:D.4.【解答】解:A、购买一张福利彩票,中奖是随机事件;B、在一个标准大气压下,加热到100℃,水沸腾是必然事件;C、有一名运动员奔跑的速度是80米/秒是不可能事件;D、在一个仅装着白球和黑球的袋中摸球,摸出红球是不可能事件;故选:A.5.【解答】解:A.3a2与a不是同类项,不能合并,所以A错误;B.2a3•(﹣a2)=2×(﹣1)a5=﹣2a5,所以B错误;C.4a6与2a2不是同类项,不能合并,所以C错误;D.(﹣3a)2﹣a2=9a2﹣a2=8a2,所以D正确,故选:D.6.【解答】解:点E有4种可能位置.(1)如图,由AB∥CD,可得∠AOC=∠DCE1=β,∵∠AOC=∠BAE1+∠AE1C,∴∠AE1C=β﹣α.(2)如图,过E2作AB平行线,则由AB∥CD,可得∠1=∠BAE2=α,∠2=∠DCE2=β,∴∠AE2C=α+β.(3)如图,由AB∥CD,可得∠BOE3=∠DCE3=β,∵∠BAE3=∠BOE3+∠AE3C,∴∠AE3C=α﹣β.(4)如图,由AB∥CD,可得∠BAE4+∠AE4C+∠DCE4=360°,∴∠AE4C=360°﹣α﹣β.∴∠AEC的度数可能为β﹣α,α+β,α﹣β,360°﹣α﹣β.故选:D.7.【解答】解:∵α、β是一元二次方程x2+3x﹣6=0的两个不相等的根,∴α2+3α=6,由根系数的关系可知:α+β=﹣3,∴α2﹣3β=α2+3α﹣3α﹣3β=α2+3α﹣3(α+β)=6﹣3×(﹣3)=15故选:B.8.【解答】解:甲班每人的捐款额为:,乙班每人的捐款额为:.根据(2)中所给出的信息,方程可列为:×(1+)=.故选:C.9.【解答】解:如图,设AC与BD的交点为O,过点O作GH⊥CD于G,交AB于H;作MN⊥AB于M,交CD于点N.在Rt△COD中,∠COD=90°,O G⊥CD;∴∠DOG=∠DCO;∵∠GOD=∠BOH,∠DCO=∠ABO,∴∠ABO=∠BOH,即BH=OH,同理可证,AH=OH;即H是Rt△AOB斜边AB上的中点.同理可证得,M是Rt△COD斜边CD上的中点.设圆心为O′,连接O′M,O′H;则O′M⊥CD,O′H⊥AB;∵MN⊥AB,GH⊥CD;∴O′H∥MN,OM∥GH;即四边形O′HOM是平行四边形;因此OM=O′H.由于OM是Rt△OCD斜边CD上的中线,所以OM=O′H=CD=2.故选:B.二.填空题(共6小题,满分30分,每小题5分)10.【解答】解:原式=4(4m2﹣1)=4(2m+1)(2m﹣1),故答案为:4(2m+1)(2m﹣1)11.【解答】解:∵反比例函数y=(k≠0)的图象在每个象限内,y随着x的增大而减小,∴k>0,∴满足条件的反比例函数解析式可以是y=.故答案为:y=(答案不唯一).12.【解答】解:该部分在总体中所占有的百分比=120°÷360°=33.3%.13.【解答】解:设这件运动服的标价为x元,则:妈妈购买这件衣服实际花费了0.8x元,∵妈妈以八折的优惠购买了一件运动服,节省30元∴可列出关于x的一元一次方程:x﹣0.8x=30解得:x=1500.8x=120故妈妈购买这件衣服实际花费了120元,故答案为120.14.【解答】解:作MG⊥DC于G,如图所示:设MN=y,PC=x,根据题意得:GN=5,MG=|10﹣2x|,在Rt△MNG中,由勾股定理得:MN2=MG2+GN2,即y2=52+(10﹣2x)2.∵0<x<10,∴当10﹣2x=0,即x=5时,y2最小值=25,MN的最小值为5;∴y最小值=5.即故答案为:5.15.【解答】解:过点D作DE⊥AB,交AB延长线于点E,DF⊥AC于F,∵AD是∠BOC的平分线,∴DE=DF,∵DP是BC的垂直平分线,∴BD=CD,在Rt△DEB和Rt△DFC中,,∴Rt△DEB≌Rt△DFC(HL).∴∠BDE=∠CDF,∴∠BDC=∠EDF,∵∠DEB=∠DFC=90°,∴∠EAF+∠EDF=180゜,∵∠BAC=84°,∴∠BDC=∠EDF=96°,故答案为:96°.三.解答题(共4小题,满分30分)16.【解答】解:原式=1﹣2+4+﹣1=4﹣.17.【解答】解:,解不等式①得:﹣3a<5x≤1﹣3a,﹣a<x≤,解不等式②得:3a<5x≤1+3a,a<x≤,∵当﹣a=a时,a=0,当=时,a=0,当﹣a=时,a=﹣,当a=时,a=,∴当或时,原不等式组无解;当时,原不等式组的解集为:;当时,原不等式组的解集为:.18.【解答】证明:(1)∵DF∥BE,∴∠DFA=∠BEC,在△ADF和△CBE中,∴△AFD≌△CEB(SAS);(2)∵△AFD≌△CEB,∴AD=BC,∠DAF=∠BCE,∴AD∥BC,∴四边形ABCD是平行四边形.19.【解答】解:由题意得:BE=,AE=,∵AE﹣BE=AB=m米,∴﹣=m(米),∴CE=(米),∵DE=n米,∴CD=+n(米).∴该建筑物的高度为:(+n)米.四.解答题(共4小题,满分45分)20.【解答】解:(1)调查的总数是:2÷4%=50(户),则6≤x<7部分调查的户数是:50×12%=6(户),则4≤x<5的户数是:50﹣2﹣12﹣10﹣6﹣3﹣2=15(户),所占的百分比是:×100%=30%.故答案为:15,30%,6;补全频数分布表和频数分布直方图,如图所示:(2)中等用水量家庭大约有450×(30%+20%+12%)=279(户);(3)在2≤x<3范围的两户用a、b表示,8≤x<9这两个范围内的两户用1,2表示.画树状图:则抽取出的2个家庭来自不同范围的概率是:=.21.【解答】解:(1)由函数图形可知汽车B是由乙地开往甲地,故L1表示汽车B 到甲地的距离与行驶时间的关系;(2)(330﹣240)÷60=1.5(千米/分);(3)设L1为s1=kt+b,把点(0,330),(60,240)代入得k=﹣1.5,b=330所以s1=﹣1.5t+330;设L2为s2=k′t,把点(60,60)代入得k′=1所以s2=t;(4)当t=120时,s1=150,s2=120 150﹣120=30(千米);所以2小时后,两车相距30千米;(5)当s1=s2时,﹣1.5t+330=t解得t=132即行驶132分钟,A、B两车相遇.22.【解答】(1)①证明:连接BC,OC,∵AB是直径,∴∠ACB=90°,在Rt△ANC中:BC==1,∴BC=OC=OB,∴△BOC为等边三角形,∴∠BOC=∠OBC=60°,∵OB=BD,OB=BC,∴BC=BD,∴∠ODC=∠BCD=∠OBC=30°,∴∠BOC+∠ODC=90°,∴∠OCD=180°﹣∠BOC﹣∠ODC=90°,∴CD是⊙O切线.②过C作CE⊥AB于E,∵S△ABC=•AC•BC=•AB•CE,∴CE=,∴S阴=S扇形OAC﹣S△A OC,=﹣•1•,=﹣.故答案为﹣.(2)①当AC>BC时,∵CD是⊙O的切线,∴∠OCD=90°,即∠1+∠2=90°,∵AB是O直径,∴∠ACB=90°即∠2+∠3=90°,∴∠1=∠3,∵OC=OA,∴∠OAC=∠3,∴∠OAC=∠1,∵∠4=∠1+∠ODC,∴∠4=∠DAC+∠ODC,∵OB=OC,∴∠2=∠4,∴∠2=∠OAC+∠ODC,∵∠1+∠2=90°,∴∠OAC+∠OAC+∠ODC=90°,即∠ODC+2∠OAC=90°.②当AC<BC时,同①∠OCD=90°,∴∠COD=90°﹣∠ODC,∵DA=OC,∴∠OCA=∠OAC,∵∠OAC+∠OCA+∠COD=180°,∴∠OAC+∠OAC+90°﹣∠ODC=180°,∴2∠OAC﹣∠ODC=90°,综上:2∠OAC﹣∠ODC=90°或∠ODC+2∠OAC=90°.23.【解答】解:(1)∵抛物线y=ax2+ax+b有一个公共点M(1,0),∴a+a+b=0,即b=﹣2a,∴y=ax2+ax+b=ax2+ax﹣2a=a(x+)2﹣,∴抛物线顶点D的坐标为(﹣,﹣);(2)∵直线y=2x+m经过点M(1,0),∴0=2×1+m,解得m=﹣2,∴y=2x﹣2,则,得ax2+(a﹣2)x﹣2a+2=0,∴(x﹣1)(ax+2a﹣2)=0,解得x=1或x=﹣2,∴N点坐标为(﹣2,﹣6),∵a<b,即a<﹣2a,∴a<0,如图1,设抛物线对称轴交直线于点E ,∵抛物线对称轴为x=﹣=﹣,∴E (﹣,﹣3),∵M (1,0),N (﹣2,﹣6),设△DMN 的面积为S ,∴S=S △DEN +S △DEM =|(﹣2)﹣1|•|﹣﹣(﹣3)|=, (3)当a=﹣1时,抛物线的解析式为:y=﹣x 2﹣x +2=﹣(x ﹣)2+, 有, ﹣x 2﹣x +2=﹣2x ,解得:x 1=2,x 2=﹣1,∴G (﹣1,2),∵点G 、H 关于原点对称,∴H (1,﹣2),设直线GH 平移后的解析式为:y=﹣2x +t ,﹣x 2﹣x +2=﹣2x +t ,x 2﹣x ﹣2+t=0,△=1﹣4(t ﹣2)=0, t=,当点H 平移后落在抛物线上时,坐标为(1,0),把(1,0)代入y=﹣2x +t ,t=2,∴当线段GH 与抛物线有两个不同的公共点,t 的取值范围是2≤t <.。
2023年注册消防工程师消防安全技术模拟考试题库试卷四1、(单选题)某设置有中央空调送风系统的建筑,其火灾自动报警系统中的点型火灾探测器至空调送风口和多孔送风顶棚孔口边缘的水平距离,分别不应小于()m。
A1.2,1.0B2.0,1.0C1.0,1.5D1.5,0.5参考答案:D2、(单选题)下列关于储罐区和工艺装置区室外消火栓的说法中,错误的是()。
A可燃液体储罐区的室外消火栓,应设置在防火提外,距离罐壁15m范围内的消火栓不应计入该罐可使用的消火栓数量B采用临时高压消防给水系统的工艺装置区,室外消火栓的间距不应大于60m C采用高压消防给水系统且宽带大于120m的工艺装置区,宜在该工艺装置区内的路边设置室外消火栓D液化烃储罐区的室外消火栓,应设置在防护墙外,距离罐壁15m范围内的消火栓可计入该罐可使用的消火栓数量参考答案:D3、(单选题)根据现行国家标准《泡沫灭火系统设计规范》(GB50151),油罐采用液下喷射泡沫灭火系统时泡沫产生器应选用()。
A横式泡沫产生器B横式泡沫产生器C立式泡沫产生器D高倍数泡沫产生器参考答案:D4、(单选题)下列汽车库、修车库中设置2个汽车疏散出口的是()。
A总建筑面积3500㎡,设14个修车位的修车库B总建筑面积1500㎡,停车位45个的汽车库C设有双车道汽车疏散出口、总建面积3000㎡、停车位90个的地上汽车库D设有双车道汽车疏散出口、总建面积3000㎡、停车位90个的地下汽车库参考答案:A5、(单选题)根据《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》(GB50116-2013)的规定,区域报警系统应由火灾探测器、手动火灾报警按钮、火灾报警控制器和()等组成。
A消防应急广播B消防专用电话C气体灭火控制器D火灾声光警报器参考答案:D6、(单选题)某座3100个座位的大剧院,地下车库采用预作用自动喷水灭火系统,演员化妆间等采用湿式自动喷水灭火系统,舞台葡萄架下采用雨淋系统,舞台口采用防护冷却水幕系统,该建筑的自动喷水灭火系统应选用()种报警阀组。
2023年高处安装、维护、拆除高处作业模拟考试题库试卷四1、(判断题)建筑物表面清洗作业人员年龄必须达到年满18周岁。
参考答案:正确2、(判断题)广告施工高处作业多台吊篮同时作业,操作人员:禁止操作人员互相跨越吊篮。
参考答案:正确3、(判断题)高处作业施工中发现施工范围内原建筑物构件或附属设施出现松动存在坠落风险时,应要求施工人员注意安全,并继续施工。
参考答案:错误4、(判断题)从业人员有对本单位安全生产工作提出建议的权利。
参考答案:正确5、(判断题)在高处往下望时,心情紧张甚至产生恐惧心理,此时更容易发生失误行为。
参考答案:正确6、(判断题)学习空调本是为了找一个安装空调的工作挣钱。
参考答案:错误7、(判断题)不良的工作环境不会对高处作业人员带来任何危害。
参考答案:错误8、(判断题)生产经营单位的从业人员有依法获得安全生产保障利益的权利。
参考答案:错误9、(判断题)外墙清洗作业时应佩戴安全帽,使用安全带,可不用人监护,由一人作业。
参考答案:错误10、(判断题)在空气不流通的地下室进行电焊作业时,必须设置通风换气设施进行通风换气。
参考答案:正确11>(判断题)如遇有恶劣天气,如大风、雷雨等应停止高处作业。
参考答案:正确12、(判断题)混凝土地基在养护期内不准在混凝土上进行作业。
参考答案:正确13、(判断题)防坠落安全防护用品主要有:安全带、安全帽、安全网、安全自锁器、速差自控器、水平安全绳、防滑鞋等。
参考答案:正确14、(判断题)对一次设备进行测量、控制、监视和保护的辅助设备,称为二次设备。
参考答案:正确15、(判断题)广告施工中使用建筑外用货梯如广告物料或广告主体重量过重时,应注意外用梯载重量限额,如超过限额应将物料拆分或选择其他移动方式,以防发生安全事故。
参考答案:正确16、(判断题)每天工作结束,应及时做好座板、绳和安全带的清洁工作。
参考答案:正确17、(判断题)作业人员应当遵守安全施工的强制标准、规章制度和操作规程,正确使用安全防护用具、机械设备等。
江苏省2023年中考语文模拟试卷(四)一、句子默写1.根据课文默写。
(1),思而不学则殆。
(《论语》十二章)(2)海日生残夜,。
(王湾《次北固山下》)(3)几处早莺争暖树,。
(白居易《钱塘湖春行》)(4),不求闻达于诸侯。
(诸葛亮《出师表》)(5)采菊东篱下,。
(陶渊明《饮酒》)(6),直挂云帆济沧海。
(李白《行路难》)(7)陆游的《游山西村》一诗中,既描绘了山村山水环绕的美景,又蕴含着生活哲理的句子是:,。
二、字词书写2.根据拼音写汉字。
千姿百态的荷花,有的淡雅如水中嬉戏的天鹅,qiáo()首顾盼;有的满池尖尖小荷,粉嫩如妩媚少女,娇羞万状。
开始只有零星几朵花点zhuì()在绿叶的海洋里,渐渐地,越开越多,就像是满天的星星一样,让人眼花liáo()乱。
qiáo()首点zhuì()眼花liáo()乱三、选择题3.下列各句中,加点成语使用正确的一项是()A.作案者周密的谋划和熟练的手法相得益彰....,使案情扑朔迷离,增大了侦破的难度。
B.在改革发展的新时代,我们年轻人要怀着目空一切....的豪情壮志,敢于迎接任何前所未有的挑战。
C.也许是物质生活丰富让味觉麻木了吧,面对美味大餐,我们常有味同嚼蜡....的感觉。
D.优秀的小说应该尽情地歌颂真、善、美,无情地揭露和鞭挞假、恶、丑,让人们在潜移默化....中感悟人生。
4.以下这组句子,顺序排列最恰当的一项是()①在这些美味大餐中,我们感受生活的酸甜苦辣,体味人生的千姿百态。
②你将与安东尼奥交流,领悟戏剧中的人生,人生中的戏剧。
③你将与孔乙己对话,体味生命的本质,引发对人生的思考。
④所以,爱语文,就是爱生活,爱人生!⑤一篇篇文质优美的课文,是一道道视觉美味,也是一道道精神大餐。
⑥朋友,请加入这场旅行吧!你将走进小说天地,登上戏剧舞台。
A.⑥③②⑤①④B.⑥⑤①③②④C.⑤①④⑥②③D.⑤⑥①③②④5.下列关于文学、文化常识的表述,不正确的一项是()A.古时住宅旁常裁桑树、梓树,后人就用“桑梓”指家乡;“长河落日圆”中的“河”指黄河;“晋太元中”的“太元”是年号;《范文正公集》中的“文正”是谥号;“谢太傅寒雪日内集”中的“太傅”是官名。
2023年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海高考英语模拟试卷I.Listening comprehension略II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Diane Van DerenOn February19,2009,Diane Van Deren was one of a dozen runners taking part in the Yukon Arctic Ultra,a400-mile race across frozen tundra(苔原)in the middle of winter.Not a single woman(21)___________(complete)it ever.With temperatures of30degrees below zero and only seven hours of daylight each day,it's probably the(22)___________(tough) race in the world.But,then,there is no woman like Diane Van Deren.Twelve years earlier,Van Deren,a former professional tennis player,had a kiwi-size piece of(remove)___________to treat her epilepsy(癫痫).The operation was successful,but she noticed a strange side effect:she could run without stopping for hours.At the start of the Arctic Ultra,icy winds frozen Van Deren5s water supplies,so she had(24)___________to drink for the first hundred miles.She kept(25)___________(go)on with frozen fruit and nut bars.On the eleventh day,the ice(26)___________her feet cracked open and Van Deren fell up to her shoulders into a freezing river.She managed(27) ___________(climb)out but her soaked boots froze to her feet.Yet somehow through it all,Van Deren remained positive,(28)__________was perhaps helped by another curious byproduct of her operation."I have a problem with(29) _________is called short-term memory.I could be out running for two weeks,but(30) ___________someone told me it was day one of a race/"She jokes,“I'd say,Great,let's getstarted!”On February26,2009,exactly twelve years after her surgery,Van Deren crossed the finish line of the Arctic Ultra.She was one of eight finishers一and the first and only woman.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.agreementsB.chatteringC.effortsD.feasiblyE.fulfillmentF.hardG.introduced H.morality I.persuaded J.seizedK.spoiledHere's to guilt-free flyingMaj a Rosen gave up flying a decade ago out of concern for its environmental impact. But when she became a mother and started hanging out with other parents,she didn't bring it up,even when the conversation turned to flying.It would have_____31_____the mood.Then in April2018,her home country of Sweden_____32_____a tax on aviation(飞行).The climate impacts of flying were on the evening news and the mood changed. Rosen_____33_____the moment.With her neighbor Lotta Hammar,she launched a campaign called"We stay on the ground",which has_____34_____10,000people to commit to avoid flights in2019.Kudos.But here's the_____35_____truth:in the grand scheme of things,barely anyone will follow suit.The_____36_____classes tend to have a lot to say about the eco benefits of avoiding meat,cycling and eating locally sourced food.But that_____37_____generally disappears when it comes to flying.We can't rely on international___38_____to stop aviation emission either.Yes,the UN has fixed up a deal to cap aviation emissions beyond2020.But it lacks real bite,allowing airlines to continue emitting carbon provided they offset(抵消)it.All this means we could really do with green tech riding to the rescue.Here,at least,there is a little good news.Even rather simple measures like freeing planes to fly in straighter lines could_____39_____cut carbon emissions.Hybrid(混合动力的)electric aircraft are also the pipeline.And we already know that planes can mix up to50per cent biofuels into their tanksand fly safely.It's time to redouble our_____40_____to make planes green.In the meantime,if you are still looking for a New Year's resolution,you might want to think about joining those 105000Swedes.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In summarising the state of the planet—rising population,widespread conflict,one-sixth of the planet suffering extreme poverty and hunger,global warming一Jeffrey Sachs,author of"The Common Wealth、can paint a terrible picture.However,he's an_____41_____and believes that all of these problems can be overcome in relatively straightforward ways and at relatively little cost.That's because the root causes are interconnected and_____42_____ man-made.Take child morality(死亡).Perhaps surprisingly,the higher the child morality rate is,the higher the birth rate.This leads to a_____43_____population which puts a greater stress on already scarce resources,so farmers have to work harder to produce enough food for all, which means children are often put to work in the fields or at home.This,_____44_____, stops children getting the education which will allow them to learn,among other things,about better farming techniques to increase crop yields and provide more food to eat and sell.Sachs argues that the_____45_____of providing every child in poverty with an anti-mosquito bed net is a major first step.Malaria(疟疾)is a huge cause of death in children and the bed nets massively_____46_____infections.The fewer children that die of malaria,the more secure parents feel about their children surviving.The more secure parents feel,the fewer children they have,and so on,revising the_____47__trend just described.However,it is_____48_____a combination of measures at the same time that truly makes a difference:free school meals improve school attendance and health;supplying fertilisers to improve soil and better seeds provides even better harvests;basic health care and clean water supplies_____49_____more fatal diseases.These ideas are already being_____50_____implemented in over100African villages in underdeveloped regions.The cost of the proj ect is just$10per person per year,of which 50%comes from donors and the rest from a mixture of local and national governments and the villagers themselves.So if it's so_____51_____,why hasn't it been done before?What about all the aid that has been given to Africa and the underdeveloped countries of the world?Has it been lost to corruption(腐败)?Sachs argues that the real problem is not corruption,but the fact that rich governments have_____52_____such a lot,but actually given so little.They agreed to give 0.7%of national income in aid,but only five countries have met that_____53_____.He suggests current aid is$24billion per year,which translates as just ten dollars per person—not nearly enough to implement the_____54_____measures.So while Sachs sees an opportunity to end poverty forever,he also raises an _____55_____that this could be the last chance we have,'The longer we wait,the greater is the suffering and the larger the long-term costs?41.A.economist B.optimist C.expert D.opponent42.A.prospectively B.essentially C.thoughtfully D.refreshingly43.A.declining B.global C.booming D.local44.A.in turn B.by contrast C.on end D.with care45.A.truth B.principle C.solution D.statement46.A.transmit B.specify C.worsen D.reduce47.A.downward B.general C.modem D.previous48.A.describing B.reserving C.adopting D.protesting49.A.modify B.intensify C.prevent D.locate50.A.successfully B.hesitantly C.personally D.worthlessly51.A.popular B.simple C.hard D.strange52.A.spent B.promised C.learned D.featured53.A.requirement B.condition C.challenge D.target54.A.restricted B.standardized C.requested bined55.A.alarm B.objection C.amount D.instanceSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I'm in Marrakech,the heart of Morocco at the base of the Atlas Mountains,with my son, Sam.He's eight.We've come here with Mohamed,a friend who owns a store in our New York neighborhood.We're regular customers at Mohamed's store,where Sam can often be found negotiating with his friend.When they're not bargaining,they're chatting about swords,or camels,or the desert."You need to come to Marrakech,"Mohamed told me.I'll show you around and teach Sam how to really get a bargain!”So here we are.We meet up with Mohamed over a cup of tea at a table outside the tiny Cafe ben Youssef, deep in the old city of Marrakech.We're sitting in an area bordering the stalls of the marketplace.Vendors(小贩)with carts offer freshly squeezed orange juice,others sell dates or figs.Nearby are the workshops that supply the goods to this world-famous market.Later,as we walk around,Mohamed begins the first of his bargaining tutorials for Sam. "Everything in Morocco is open negotiation,Sam.When you hear a price,the first thing you say is'Too much一bezqf and then walk away.""But what if I like it?"“When you see something you like,maybe a lamp,you ask about something else instead. Then,as you walk out,you ask,"And how much is that lamp?9as though you5d just noticed it and aren't really that interested in it."We turn a comer and are greeted with sweet-smelling orange blossoms."Don't always give an offer.Make them continue to lower the price.Oh,and wear something Moroccan:Mohamed continues,as we enter a fairly large shop.Most of the stalls in Marrakech specialize in one thing,but not this one.Decorative and lethal-looking swords hang beside soft hand-dyed fabrics;large camel bones covered in writing sit beside massive copper lamps. It is here that Sam spots a box.“Look,a treasure chest!”It's made of wood,and painted red and gold.He opens the lid,then closes it.“Cool."Then he spots a tall,cobalt blue,tear-shapedold perfume bottle."Four hundred dirham,”the shopkeeper pronounces.Fifty dollars.Sam says nothing.Whether he's too shy or is practicing Mohamed's bargaining technique,I can't tell.He eventually agrees to pay200dirham,about$24.rd say the bottle is worth$10,at most. Clearly,his negotiating skills need a little work."Just to get started,Dad,”Sam measures me as he pays for the bottle.56.According to Mohamed,people in Marrakech like__________.A.bargainingB.tradingC.drinking teaD.showing friends around57.What does Mohamed advise Sam to do when he finds something he likes?A.To look for something similar in another shop.B.To complain to the vendor about its high price.C.To conceal his real preference from the vendor.D.To ask the vendor about the price as soon as possible.58.What does the writer imply about Sam's first negotiating experience?A.It is far from successful.B.It costs Sam more than the money he pays.C.It reveals Sam's potential in negotiation.D.It shows that Sam is too shy for negotiation.59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.A Shopping Trip.B.The Charm of the MarketC.A Busy City.D.The Art of the Deal(B)The Man Who Ate his Boots is a fascinating account of expeditions that went wrong.The book examines the19th century search for a route to Asia by way of the Northwest Passage through the Arctic Ocean.Author Anthony Brandt describes the many attempts by both land and sea that ended in failure and tragedy,including the1845expedition led by Sir John Franklin.Brandt shows how these brave,yet sometimes foolish,explorers could have avoided starvation,frostbite,and even death if they had copied the survival techniques of the local Inuit people.Some of the more surprising details the book reveals include:IGLOOS The explorers,despite repeatedly watching the Inuit build igloos,insisted on using canvas tents.Tents freeze in sub-zero temperatures and give little protection to anyone inside them.If they had learned to build igloos,the explorers would have been warm even in the worst Arctic weather.SEALSKIN If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit,they wouldn't have suffered from the frostbite that was common among them,but rare among the Inuit.DOG TEAMS Why didn't the British use dog teams to pull their sleds?Pulling sleds themselves was a tradition among many explorers right into the early20th century It cost Scott and his men their lives on their return from the South Pole in1912.The British did get something right,however,when Captain Edward Parry grew salad vegetables in boxes on board his ship.It was known that fresh vegetables and fresh meat prevented scurvy(坏血病),although at that time the reason for this(vitamin C)had not been discovered.Parry's men wouldn't have been as healthy if they hadn't eaten the salads.60.In The Man Who Ate his Boots’the author mainly________.A.introduces some foolish explorersB.focuses on some unsuccessful expeditionsC.analyzes the Inuit people's survival techniquesD.explores the advances in equipment used for expeditions61.According to Anthony Brandt,what should the explorers have done?A.They should have learned more about how seals survived in cold water.B.They should have set up more canvas tents to keep themselves warm.C.They should have helped the Inuit people build igloos.D.They should have used dogs to pull the sleds for them.62.It can be inferred from the passage that________.A.Edward Parry found a way to prevent scurvy by accidentB.Edward Parry's successful voyage was a rare case at that timeC.Edward Parry was the first captain that grew salad vegetables on boardD.Edward Parry's men could have been more healthy if they took vitamin C(C)Everything we know suggests that the universe is unusual.It is flatter,smoother,larger and emptier than a"typical"universe predicted by the known laws of physics if we reached into a hat filled with pieces of paper,each with the specifications of a possible universe written on it,it is unlikely that we would get a universe anything like ours in one pick—or even a billion.The challenge that cosmologists face is to make sense of this specialness.One approach to this question is inflation―the hypothesis(假设)that the early universe went through a stage of fast expansion.At first,inflation seemed to do the trick.A simple version of the idea gave correct predictions for the spectrum of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background.But a closer look shows that we have just moved the problem further back in time.To make inflation happen at all requires us to fine-tune the initial conditions of the universe.And unless inflation is highly tuned,it leads to a runaway process of universe creation.As a result, some cosmologists(宇宙学家)suggest that there is not one universe,but an infinite number, with a huge variety of properties:the multiverse.There are an infinite number of universes in the collection that are like our universe and an infinite number that are not.But the proportion of infinity to infinity is undefined,and can be made into anything the theorist wants.Thus the multiverse theory has difficulty making any firm predictions and threatens to take us out of the area of science.These other universes are unobservable and because chance dictates the random distribution of properties across universes,suggesting the existence of a multiverse does not let us get to anything about our universe beyond what we already know.As attractive as the idea may seem,it is basically a sleight of hand,which turns an explanatory failure into an apparent explanatory success.The success is empty because anything that might be observed about our universe could be explained as something that must,by chance,happen somewhere in the multiverse.We started out trying to explain why the universe is so special,and we end up being asked to believe that our universe is one of an infinite number of universes with random properties.This makes me suspect that there is a basic but unexamined assumption about the laws of nature that must be overturned.Cosmology has new questions to answer.Not just what are the laws,but why are theselaws the laws?How were they chosen?We can't just hypothesise what the initial conditions were at the big bang,we need to explain those initial conditions.Thus we are in the position of a computer program asked to explain its inputs.It is clear that if we are to get anywhere, we need to invent new methods,and perhaps new kinds of laws,to gain a scientific description of the universe as a whole.63.According to the passage,which of the following statements is true of our universe?A.There are several hypotheses about its early stage.B.There are more than one billion universes similar to ours.C.It is expanding at a greater speed that it did at the stage of the big bang.D.It is different from the predictions made according to the laws of physics.64.What does the writer imply about the hypothesis of inflation?A.It hasn't been challenged.B.It doesn't make much sense.C.It is by far the most reasonable approach.D.It is the simple version of a complicated idea.65.Which word in the passage is similar in meaning to the phrase"sleight of hand"(paragraph4)?A.processB.predictionC.trickD.infinity66.It can be inferred from the passage that the writer___________.A.believes the idea of the multiverse will help us to understand our universe betterB.argues there is a fixed proportion of universes like ours to those unlike oursC.holds computer programs can work better than humans in cosmologyD.thinks some laws of nature that we take for granted may be falseSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Unsurprisingly,when his customers heard about the jokes they didn't see the funny side and the share price of the company crashed.B.All I can say is that it's just as well I'm not famous!C.The same is not true for everyone,particularly if you are famous.D.What makes things worse for the famous is that these mistakes become even more widely publicised because of24-hour news channels and websites.E.This is the kind of thing many people might do privately when they get together with colleagues after work.F.As a result,what was private suddenly became public.Silly Mistakes Hit the HeadlinesWe have probably all had moments when we said the wrong thing.I certainly have. There was the time at university when I met a friend in a coffee bar after class and immediately started complaining about our tutor,who was called Dr Gray.I was going on and on about how miserable she was一strict,boring,unfriendly—and my friend wasn't really saying much.After a minute or so,she interrupted me and said,'Um,I think I should introduce you'.She then turned to this other student who I hadn't really noticed up till then and said,"This is Tracy.Tracy Gray'!Fortunately,the result of putting my foot in it was only an awkward moment and a stony silence.Maybe my friends thought a little less of me,maybe they thought I was an idiot,but no real harm was done.__________67__________Take Gerald Ratner.He was the multimillionaire owner of a chain of shops that sold cheap jewellery.In what was supposed to be a light-hearted speech to some fellow businessmen,he joked about the quality of some of his products.He said some earrings were 'cheaper than a sandwich,but probably wouldn't last as long'.Other products could be sold at such low prices because they were rubbish.__________68__________Ratner had to resign as director and shortly afterwards the company was taken over by a competitor.In some ways,Ratner could be seen as unfortunate in that he was in a semi-private meeting with friends and colleagues he was at ease with,but there happened to be a journalist there.__________69__________And with the rise of social media,there have been plenty of others who have been caught out by the increasingly vague boundaries between our private and public faces.For example,a group of flight attendants made jokes about the engines on their planes failing and complained about their airline and clients(客户).__________70__________Unfortunately,they did it publicly on Facebook and it led tothirteen of them being fired.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than60words the main idea and the main point(s)of the e your own words as far as possible.Cities in the SeaThey may be small,but they build big things!Coral polyps(珊瑚虫),which live in the warm,shallow parts of the Earth's oceans,are probably the biggest builders on the planet. Coral polyps turn calcium from seawater into a hard material called limestone.Slowly,they build up a hard skeleton(骨架)around their bodies.When polyps die,their skeletons remain. Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons.Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs(珊瑚礁).Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities.A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitats―there are nearly a thousand coral species.Reefs are also home to millions of sea creatures,like fish,crabs,turtles,and sharks.Humans don't live in coral reef cities,but we benefit from them.Reefs create jobs for people in the fishing industry and other related businesses.Coral reefs are also popular for divers一many countries benefit from the tourists that they stly,chemicals from reef creatures help scientists create new medicines,which help doctors treat different illnesses.Coral reefs are very important,yet we don't take good care of them.Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world's reefs.About half of the remaining reefs are dying,and experts believe all of Earth's coral reefs will be in danger by 2050.Why are the reefs in such trouble?For one thing,people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs—divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water.Even air pollution hurts coral reefs.Global warming causes warmer ocean water,which can cause polyps to lose helpful algae.Without that algae,coral turns white.This is called"bleaching”,and if it continues,the coral dies.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.不努力一把,怎么知道人生会不会有更多的可能?(If)73.过去的三年里,这个曾经无人问津的小村庄吸引了大量游客。
2024年全国高考体育单招考试英语模拟试卷试题四含答案详解Part 1: Listening (听力部分)1. A. Swimming. B. Jogging. C. Yoga. D. Dancing.2. A. Teacher and student. B. Sports enthusiasts. C. Friends. D. Family members.3. A. At a gym. B. In a park. C. At a school. D. In a hospital.4. A. She has been injured. B. She is scared of heights. C. She is not interested in hiking. D. She is going to choose a different activity.5. A. To discuss their homework. B. To plan a hiking trip. C. To borrow a book. D. To invite the woman for a meal.Part 2: Reading Comprehension (阅读理解部分)Passage 16. D. The joy that comes from completing difficult tasks.7. A. Constructive criticism can help people improve.8. B. Avoid taking unnecessary risks.9. D. The risks taken by extreme sports athletes.10. C. It encourages the pursuit of one's passion.Passage 211. D. She won three medals in a track and field competition.12. B. She stumbled and fell during the race.13. A. Overcoming challenges and obstacles in life.14. C. Determination and perseverance.15. A. To inspire and motivate others.Passage 316. D. Using technology to track physical activities.17. B. It helps athletes monitor their performance and set goals.18. C. To compete against others and improve their own results.19. A. Accurately measure the distance traveled and calories burned.20. D. Encouraging individuals to practice more and maintain a healthy lifestyle.Part 3: Vocabulary and Grammar (词汇和语法部分)21. C. gradually22. D. willingly23. A. absolutely24. B. accurately25. C. passionately26. B. for27. C. about28. A. at29. D. on30. B. inPart 4: Writing (写作部分)Currently, the single enrollment examination for nationwide sports majors has become an important opportunity for sports enthusiasts to pursue their dreams. The 2024 English mock exam provides a comprehensive evaluation of candidates' language skills and understanding of sports-related topics. In this section, we will analyze the reading comprehension and listening sections, as well as provide detailed answers and explanations.The reading comprehension section assessed various aspects of sports, such as the importance of perseverance and determination, the benefits of constructive criticism, and the use of technology in monitoring physical activities. Questions required a thorough understanding of the passages and integration of information.The listening section focused on different situations, including exercise preferences, conversations between friends, and arrangements for activities. Test takers needed to pay attention to details and comprehend the implications of the dialogues in order to choose the correct answers.Overall, both sections challenged candidates' ability to comprehend and apply their knowledge of English in a sports-related context. It tested their vocabulary, grammar, and reading skills. The purpose of this mock exam isnot only to assess language proficiency but also to inspire candidates to continue their pursuit of sports.In conclusion, the 2024 English mock exam for the nationwide sports single enrollment examination provides candidates with an opportunity to showcase their English skills in a sports-related context. Through the reading comprehension and listening sections, candidates were able to demonstrate their understanding of perseverance, determination, constructive criticism, and the use of technology in sports. This comprehensive evaluation will assist candidates in their future endeavors and inspire them to further develop their English communication skills in relation to sports.Answer Key:Part 1: 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. DPart 2: 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. DPart 3: 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B。
姓名绝密★启用前江苏省普通高校专转本统一考试计算机基础模拟试题四注意事项:1. 本试卷分为试题和答卷两部分,答题前考生务必填写卷首上的姓名,须用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接答在答卷纸上,答在试题纸上无效。
2. 本试卷满分100分,考试时间90分钟。
一、单项选择题(本大题共50小题,每小题1分,共50 分。
在每小题给出的4个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,请将其字母标号填在答卷纸相应题号的空格中。
)1.下列关于微电子技术的叙述,错误的是________。
A.微电子技术以集成电路为核心B.硅是微电子产业中常用的半导体材料C.现代微电子技术已经用砷化镓取代了硅D.制造集成电路需要使用半导体材料2.下列关于IC卡的叙述,错误的是________。
A.手机中使用的SIM卡是一种特殊的CPU卡B.只有CPU卡才具有数据加密的能力C.IC卡按卡中镶嵌的集成电路芯片不同可分为存储器卡和CPU卡D.IC卡按使用方式不同可分为接触式IC卡和非接触式IC卡3.最大的10位无符号二进制整数转换成八进制数是________。
A.1000B.1023C.1024D.17774.信息技术指的是用来扩展人的信息器官功能、协助人们进行信息处理的一类技术。
________技术用于扩展人的效应器官功能,增强信息的控制力和表现力。
A.感测与识别技术B.控制与显示技术C.计算与存储技术D.通信技术5.下列关于PC机主板上CMOS芯片的叙述,正确的是________。
A.加电后用于对计算机进行自检B.它是只读存储器C.存储基本输入/输出系统程序D.需使用电池供电,否则主机断电后其中存储的信息会丢失6.I/O操作是计算机中最常见的操作之一。
下列关于I/O操作的叙述,错误的是________。
A.I/O操作的任务是通过输入设备将信息送入主机,或者将主机中的内容送到输出设备B.PCI总线的数据传输速率高于ISA总线C.I/O操作与CPU的数据处理通常是并行进行的D.无论哪一种I/O设备,它们的I/O控制器都相同7.键盘、显示器和硬盘等常用外围设备在系统启动时都需要参与工作,它们的驱动程序必须存放在________中。
浙江省2024年高考语文模拟试卷及答案阅卷人一、现代文阅读得分现代文阅读I材料一:从创作实践来看,非虚构写作确实是存在虚构的,也是需要虚构的。
从理论上讲,它为什么需要虚构,这种虚构在非虚构写作中有何重要理论意义,这是不得不回答的问题。
首先,它是张扬非虚构写作“真实性”的根本需要。
“真实”或“真实性”是非虚构写作最根本、最核心的要素,也是区别于虚构写作最鲜明的特征。
从理论上讲,它是不允许虚构的,但是在实际创作中,为了更好地表现真实,作家会通过虚构细节、场景对话甚或心理活动等,在真实基础上进行合理想象,从而使读者获得一种在场的真实感、生命感乃至情感的代入感。
也就是说,在真实基础上的合理想象与虚构,其意义首先在于证实作家叙事的可信性和可靠性并获得读者的认可和信任,进而产生更加令人信服的真实感。
其次,它是彰显非虚构写作“文学性”的内在需要。
如果说“真实性”是非虚构写作的第一属性,毋庸置疑,“文学性”则是非虚构写作的第二属性,也可以说是它与生俱来的审美品性。
非虚构写作在美国兴起时之所以被命名为“非虚构小说”,就是因为它借用小说(文学)的手法来讲真实的故事,把真实故事写得犹如小说一样跌宕起伏、扣人心弦、引人入胜,从而具有叙事美感和艺术性;而且,这种“小说化”或“戏剧化”叙事策略也成了非虚构写作文学性的重要体现,成为非虚构写作审美品格的自觉追求,因而也成为非虚构写作区别于新闻报道和社会学、人类学的调查报告等非虚构文本的重要特征。
再次,它是凸显非虚构写作“思想性”的价值需要。
非虚构写作不仅仅是简单呈现生活众生相,也不单单是通过艺术手段讲好真实故事,还要呈现一种整体性现实,以逼近人生和社会真相,抵达更高意义上的真实——生活本质的真实。
可见,非虚构写作是一种有深度、有见解、有思想的写作。
非虚构作品,只有借助虚构与想象,“才有可能超越生活表面触及世界的深层肌理”,才能把作品的深度带向极致,“去证明人生的深刻的困惑”。
2024年全国高考调研模拟试卷理综物理试题(四)一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题质量为M的小孩站在质量为m的滑板上,小孩和滑板均处于静止状态,忽略滑板与地面间的摩擦.小孩沿水平方向跃离滑板,离开滑板时的速度大小为v,此时滑板的速度大小为.A.B.C.D.第(2)题如图所示,每一级台阶的高度,宽度,将一小球从最上面台阶的边沿以某初速度水平抛出。
取重力加速度大小,不计空气阻力。
若小球落在台阶3上,则小球的初速度大小可能为( )A.1m/s B.2m/s C.3m/s D.4m/s第(3)题质量为1kg的物体以初速度v。
从固定斜面底端冲上斜面,物体在斜面上运动过程中的图像如图所示(g=10m/s2),下列说法正确的是( )A.此斜面与水平面夹角为37°B.2s内该物体重力势能变化的最大值为12.5JC.该物体在斜面上运动过程中机械能一定不守恒D.该物体在斜面上运动过程中合外力冲量为零第(4)题如图所示的水平轨道足够长,只有部分是粗糙的,其长度为,其余部分是光滑的,质量为1kg,长度为的粗细相同的匀质软绳静止在点的左侧(绳的右端在点),软绳与粗糙部分的动摩擦因数为,现用的水平向右的恒力作用在软绳上,软绳始终保持伸直状态且长度不变,重力加速度为,最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力,则在软绳运动的过程中,下列说法正确的是()A.软绳先做匀加速后做匀减速运动B.软绳的左端能经过点C.软绳的最大动能为0.5J D.软绳克服摩擦力做功4.0J第(5)题如图所示,用同种细导线做成两个闭合单匝线圈,正方形线圈的边长与圆形线圈的直径相等,把它们放入磁感应强度随时间均匀变化的同一匀强磁场中,线圈所在平面均与磁场方向垂直,若正方形,圆形线圈中感应电动势分别用,表示,感应电流分别用,表示,则()A.B.C.D.第(6)题木星有4颗卫星是伽利略发现的,称为伽利略卫星,其中有两颗卫星的轨道半径之比约为。
山西省百校联考中考数学模拟试卷(四)一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分1.﹣3的倒数是()A.﹣3 B.3 C.﹣D.2.下列运算正确的是()A.a2•a3=a6B.a3÷a2=a C.a2+a2=a4D.(a2)3=a53.如图所示几何体的俯视图是()A.B. C.D.4.下列说法正确的是()A.“任意画出一个圆,它是中心对称图形”是随机事件B.为了解我省中学生的体能情况,应采用普查的方式C.天气预报明天下雨的概率是99%,说明明天一定会下雨D.任意掷一枚质地均匀的硬币10次,正面朝上的次数不一定是5次5.不等式组的解集在数轴上表示为()A. B.C. D.6.如图6×7的方格中,点A,B,C,D是格点,线段CD是由线段AB位似放大得到的,则它们的位似中心是()A.P1B.P2C.P3D.P47.如图,直线m∥n,Rt△ABC的顶点A在直线n上,∠C=90°,AB,CB分别交直线m 于点D和点E,且DB=DE,若∠B=25°,则∠1的度数为()A.60°B.65°C.70°D.75°8.天然气公司为了解某社区居民使用天然气的情况,随机对该社区10户居民进行了调查,如表是这10户居民3月份用气量的调查结果:居民户数 1 2 3 4月用气量(立方米)14 15 22 25则这10户居民月用气量(单位:立方米)的中位数是()A.14 B.15 C.22 D.259.某网上电器商城销售某种品牌的高端电器.已知该电器按批发价上浮50%进行标价,若按照标价的九折销售,则可获纯利润350元,现由于商城搞促销,该电器按照标价的八折销售,则可获纯利润()A.180元B.200元C.220元D.240元10.如图,在以点O为圆心的半圆中,AB为直径,且AB=4,将该半圆折叠,使点A和点B落在点O处,折痕分别为EC和FD,则图中阴影部分面积为()A.4﹣B.4﹣C.2﹣D.2﹣二、填空题:本大题共5个小题,每小题3分,共15分11.计算×﹣的结果是______.12.从5,6,7这三个数字中,随机抽取两个不同数字组成一个两位数,则这个两位数能被3整除的概率是______.13.如图,小明家所在住宅楼楼前广场的宽AB为30米,线段BC为AB正前方的一条道路的宽.小明站在家里点D处观察B,C两点的俯角分别为60°和45°,已知DA垂直地面,则这条道路的宽BC为______米(≈1.732)14.如图4×5的方格纸中,在除阴影之外的方格中任意选择一个涂黑,与图中阴影部分构成轴对称图形的涂法有______种.15.如图,为一块面积为1.5m2的直角三角形模板,其中∠B=90°,AB=1.5m,现要把它加工成正方形DEFG木板(EF在AC上,点D和点G分别在AB和BC上),则该正方形木板的边长为______m.三、解答题:本大题共8个小题,共75分16.(1)计算:()﹣3﹣|﹣1|×(﹣3)2+()0(2)化简:﹣.17.阅读与观察:我国古代数学的许多发现都曾位居世界前列,如图1的“杨辉三角”就是其中的一例.杨辉,字谦光,南宋时期杭州人,在他所著的《详解九章算法》艺术中,揖录了如图1所示的三角形数表,称之为“开方作法本源”图,经观察研究发现,在两腰上的数位1的前提下,杨辉三角有许多重要的特点,例如:每个数都等于它上方两数之和等等.如图2,某同学发现杨辉三角给出了(a+b)n(n为正整数)的展开式(按a的次数由大到小的顺序排列)的系数规律.例如,在三角形中第三行的三个数1,2,1,恰好对应(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2展开式中各项的系数;第四行的四个数1,3,3,1,恰好对应着(a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3展开式中各项的系数等等.(1)通过观察,请你写出杨辉三角具有的任意两个特点;(阅读材料中的特点除外)(2)计算:993+3×992+3×99+1;(3)请你直接写出(a+b)4的展开式.18.作图与证明:如图,已知⊙O和⊙O上的一点A,请完成下列任务:(1)作⊙O 的内接正六边形ABCDEF ;(2)连接BF ,CE ,判断四边形BCEF 的形状并加以证明.19.某艺术类学校进行绘画特长生的招生工作,每名考生需要参加“素描”“色彩”“速写”三个项目的测试,三个项目的满分均为100分,“素描”“色彩”“速写”按照4:4:2的比例计算得到选手最终成就,现有20名考生报名参加测试,测试结束后,考生的素描成绩如下(单位:分):88,85,90,99,86,68,94,98,78,9796,93,89,94,89,85,80,95,89,77请根据上述数据,解决下列问题:(1)补全下面考生素描成绩的表格(每组数据含最小值不含最大值)和频数分布直方图; 分组 人数(频数)60﹣70 170﹣80 280﹣90 990﹣100 8合计20 (2)如表为甲、乙两名选手比赛成绩的记录表,现要在甲、乙二人中录取一名,请通过计算得出谁最终被录取.项目 成绩素描 色彩 速写 甲98 93 95 乙95 95 10020.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,一次函数y=k 1x +b 与反比例函数y=的图象交于点A (﹣1,6)和点B (3,m ),与y 轴交于点C ,与x 轴交于点D .(1)求一次函数y=k 1x +b 和反比例函数y=的表达式; (2)点P 是双曲线y=上的一点,且满足S △PCD =S △DOE ,求点P 的坐标.21.为弘扬中华传统文化,某徽章设计公司设计了如图所示的一种新式徽章,每件的成本是50元,为了合理定价,先投放在某饰品店进行试销.试销发现,该徽章销售单价为100元时,每天的销售量是50件,且当销售单价每降低1元时,每天就可多售出5件.(1)如果该店每天要使该徽章的销售利润为4000元,则销售单价应定为多少元?(2)该店每天该徽章的销售是否有最大利润?若有,请求出最大利润及销售单价,若没有,请说明理由.22.如图1,在△ABC和△MNB中,∠ACB=∠MBN=90°,AC=BC=4,MB=NB=2,点N 在BC边上,连接AN,CM,点E,F,D,G分别为AC,AN,MN,CM的中点,连接EF,FD,DG,EG.(1)判断四边形EFDG的形状,并证明;(2)求FD的长;(3)如图2,将图1中的△MBN绕点B逆时针旋转90°,其他条件不变,猜想此时四边形EFDG的形状,并证明.23.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线y=﹣x2+x+6与x轴交于A、B两点(点A在点B左侧),与y轴交于点C,直线l经过点A和点C,连接BC.将直线l沿着x轴正方形平移m个单位(0<m<10)得到直线l′,l′交x轴于点D,交BC于点E,交抛物线于点F.(1)求点A,点B和点C的坐标;(2)如图2,将△EDB沿直线l′翻折得到△EDB′,求点B′的坐标(用含m的代数式表示);(3)在(2)的条件下,当点B′落在直线AC上时,请直接写出点F的坐标.山西省百校联考中考数学模拟试卷(四)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分1.﹣3的倒数是()A.﹣3 B.3 C.﹣D.【考点】倒数.【分析】根据倒数的定义可得﹣3的倒数是﹣.【解答】解:﹣3的倒数是﹣.故选:C.2.下列运算正确的是()A.a2•a3=a6B.a3÷a2=a C.a2+a2=a4D.(a2)3=a5【考点】同底数幂的除法;合并同类项;同底数幂的乘法;幂的乘方与积的乘方.【分析】A:根据同底数幂的乘法法则判断即可.B:根据同底数幂的除法法则判断即可.C:根据合并同类项的方法判断即可.D:根据幂的乘方的运算方法判断即可.【解答】解:∵a2•a3=a5,∴选项A不正确;∵a3÷a2=a,∴选项B正确;∵a2+a2=2a2,∴选项C不正确;∵(a2)3=a6,∴选项D不正确.故选:B.3.如图所示几何体的俯视图是()A.B. C.D.【考点】简单组合体的三视图.【分析】找到从上面看所得到的图形即可,注意所有的看到的棱都应表现在俯视图中并且注意虚线和实线的不同.【解答】解:从上往下看,易得一个长方形,其中有两条实线和两条虚线虚线,如图所示:故选D.4.下列说法正确的是()A.“任意画出一个圆,它是中心对称图形”是随机事件B.为了解我省中学生的体能情况,应采用普查的方式C.天气预报明天下雨的概率是99%,说明明天一定会下雨D.任意掷一枚质地均匀的硬币10次,正面朝上的次数不一定是5次【考点】概率的意义;全面调查与抽样调查;随机事件.【分析】根据随机事件、概率的意义以及全面调查与抽样调查的定义即可作出判断.【解答】解:A、“任意画出一个圆,它是中心对称图形”是必然事件,本选项错误;B、为了解我省中学生的体能情况,应采用抽查的方式,本选项错误;C、天气预报明天下雨的概率是99%,该事件不是必然事件,说明明天不一定会下雨,本选项错误;D、任意掷一枚质地均匀的硬币10次,正面朝上的次数不一定是5次,该事件是随机事件,本选项正确.故选D.5.不等式组的解集在数轴上表示为()A. B.C. D.【考点】解一元一次不等式组;在数轴上表示不等式的解集.【分析】先求出不等式组中每一个不等式的解集,再求出它们的公共部分,然后把不等式的解集表示在数轴上即可.【解答】解:,由x+2≤3得x≤1,由<3得x>﹣3,则不等式组的解集为﹣3<x≤1,在数轴上表示为:故选A.6.如图6×7的方格中,点A,B,C,D是格点,线段CD是由线段AB位似放大得到的,则它们的位似中心是()A.P1B.P2C.P3D.P4【考点】位似变换.【分析】连接CA,DB,并延长,则交点即为它们的位似中心.继而求得答案.【解答】解:∵如图,连接CA,DB,并延长,则交点即为它们的位似中心.∴它们的位似中心是P3.故选C.7.如图,直线m∥n,Rt△ABC的顶点A在直线n上,∠C=90°,AB,CB分别交直线m 于点D和点E,且DB=DE,若∠B=25°,则∠1的度数为()A.60°B.65°C.70°D.75°【考点】平行线的性质.【分析】先根据等腰三角形的性质和三角形外角的性质求出∠3的度数,再根据平行线的性质求出∠4的度数,再由∠ACB=90°得出∠5的度数,根据平角的定义即可得出结论.【解答】解:如图,∵DB=DE,∠B=25°,∴∠2=25°,∴∠3=25°+25°=50°,∵m∥n,∴∠4=50°,∵∠C=90°,∴∠5=65°,∴∠1=180°﹣50°﹣65°=65°.故选:B.8.天然气公司为了解某社区居民使用天然气的情况,随机对该社区10户居民进行了调查,如表是这10户居民3月份用气量的调查结果:居民户数 1 2 3 4月用气量(立方米)14 15 22 25则这10户居民月用气量(单位:立方米)的中位数是()A.14 B.15 C.22 D.25【考点】中位数.【分析】根据中位数的定义解答即可.【解答】解:10个数,最中间的数为第5个数和第6个数,它们都是22,所以这10户居民用水量的中位数为(22+22)÷2=22.故选C.9.某网上电器商城销售某种品牌的高端电器.已知该电器按批发价上浮50%进行标价,若按照标价的九折销售,则可获纯利润350元,现由于商城搞促销,该电器按照标价的八折销售,则可获纯利润()A.180元B.200元C.220元D.240元【考点】一元一次方程的应用.【分析】设该商品批发价为x元/件,则该商品的标价为(1+50%)x元/件,根据:标价×0.9﹣批发价=纯利润,列方程求得商品的批发价,继而可得该电器按照标价的八折销售可获纯利润.【解答】解:设该商品批发价为x元/件,则该商品的标价为(1+50%)x元/件,根据题意,得:(1+50%)x•0.9﹣x=350,解得:x=1000,则其标价为(1+50%)×1000=1500元/件,∴该电器按照标价的八折销售,则可获纯利润为1500×0.8﹣1000=200元,故选:B.10.如图,在以点O为圆心的半圆中,AB为直径,且AB=4,将该半圆折叠,使点A和点B落在点O处,折痕分别为EC和FD,则图中阴影部分面积为()A.4﹣B.4﹣C.2﹣D.2﹣【考点】扇形面积的计算;翻折变换(折叠问题).【分析】根据题意求得AC=OC=OD=DB=1,CD=2,EC==,进一步求得△EOF 是等边三角形,然后根据S 阴影=S 长方形﹣(S 半圆﹣S 长方形CDFE )+2(S 扇形OEF ﹣S △EOF )即可求得.【解答】解:∵AB 为直径,且AB=4,∴OA=OE=2,∵点A 和点B 落在点O 处,折痕分别为EC 和FD ,∴AC=OC=OD=DB=1,∴CD=2,EC==,∴△EOF 是等边三角形,∴∠EOF=60°,∴S 半圆=π×22=2π,S 长方形CDFE =2×=2, ∴S 阴影=S 长方形﹣(S 半圆﹣S 长方形CDFE )+2(S 扇形OEF ﹣S △EOF ) =4﹣2π+2(﹣×2×) =2﹣. 故选D .二、填空题:本大题共5个小题,每小题3分,共15分11.计算×﹣的结果是 1 .【考点】实数的运算. 【分析】根据实数的运算顺序,首先计算开方和乘法,然后计算减法,求出算式×﹣的结果是多少即可.【解答】解:×﹣ =3×﹣2=3﹣2=1故答案为:1.12.从5,6,7这三个数字中,随机抽取两个不同数字组成一个两位数,则这个两位数能被3整除的概率是.【考点】列表法与树状图法.【分析】根据所抽取的数据拼成两位数,得出总数及能被3整除的数,求概率.【解答】解:如下表,∵任意抽取两个不同数字组成一个两位数,共6种情况,其中能被3整除的有57,75两种,∴组成两位数能被3整除的概率为=.故答案为:.13.如图,小明家所在住宅楼楼前广场的宽AB为30米,线段BC为AB正前方的一条道路的宽.小明站在家里点D处观察B,C两点的俯角分别为60°和45°,已知DA垂直地面,则这条道路的宽BC为21.96米(≈1.732)【考点】解直角三角形的应用-仰角俯角问题.【分析】根据题意求出∠ABD和∠C的度数,根据正切的定义计算即可.【解答】解:由题意得,∠ABD=∠EDB=60°,∠C=∠EDC=45°,∴AD=AB×tan∠ABD=30米,∴AC=AD=30米,∴BC=AC﹣AB=30﹣30≈21.96米,故答案为:21.96.14.如图4×5的方格纸中,在除阴影之外的方格中任意选择一个涂黑,与图中阴影部分构成轴对称图形的涂法有4种.【考点】轴对称图形.【分析】结合图象根据轴对称图形的概念求解即可.【解答】解:根据轴对称图形的概念可知,一共有四种涂法,如下图所示:.故答案为:4.15.如图,为一块面积为1.5m2的直角三角形模板,其中∠B=90°,AB=1.5m,现要把它加工成正方形DEFG木板(EF在AC上,点D和点G分别在AB和BC上),则该正方形木板的边长为m.【考点】相似三角形的应用.【分析】直接利用勾股定理结合直角三角形的性质得出BN的长,再利用相似三角形的判定与性质表示出AD的长,进而得出答案.【解答】解:过点B作BN⊥AC于点N,∵面积为1.5m2的直角三角形模板,其中∠B=90°,AB=1.5m,∴BC=2cm,∴AC==2.5(m),∴2.5BN=1.5×2,解得:BN=1.2,∵∠A=∠A,∠AED=∠ABC,∴△AED∽△ABC,∴=,设DE=x,则=,解得:AD=x,∵DG∥AC,∴△GBD∽△CBA,∴=∴=解得:x=.故该正方形木板的边长为m.故答案为:.三、解答题:本大题共8个小题,共75分16.(1)计算:()﹣3﹣|﹣1|×(﹣3)2+()0(2)化简:﹣.【考点】分式的加减法;实数的运算;零指数幂;负整数指数幂.【分析】(1)原式利用零指数幂、负整数指数幂法则,乘方的意义,以及绝对值的代数意义化简,计算即可得到结果;(2)原式通分并利用同分母分式的减法法则计算,即可得到结果.【解答】解:(1)原式=8﹣9+1=0;(2)原式=﹣==.17.阅读与观察:我国古代数学的许多发现都曾位居世界前列,如图1的“杨辉三角”就是其中的一例.杨辉,字谦光,南宋时期杭州人,在他所著的《详解九章算法》艺术中,揖录了如图1所示的三角形数表,称之为“开方作法本源”图,经观察研究发现,在两腰上的数位1的前提下,杨辉三角有许多重要的特点,例如:每个数都等于它上方两数之和等等.如图2,某同学发现杨辉三角给出了(a+b)n(n为正整数)的展开式(按a的次数由大到小的顺序排列)的系数规律.例如,在三角形中第三行的三个数1,2,1,恰好对应(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2展开式中各项的系数;第四行的四个数1,3,3,1,恰好对应着(a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3展开式中各项的系数等等.(1)通过观察,请你写出杨辉三角具有的任意两个特点;(阅读材料中的特点除外)(2)计算:993+3×992+3×99+1;(3)请你直接写出(a+b)4的展开式.【考点】完全平方公式.【分析】(1)从每行的数字个数和数字之和可得规律;(2)根据图中第四行的四个数1,3,3,1,恰好对应着(a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3展开式中各项的系数即可求得;(3)根据(a+b)n展开后,各项是按a的降幂排列的,系数依次是从左到右(a+b)n﹣1系数之和.它的两端都是由数字1组成的,而其余的数则是等于它肩上的两个数之和即可得出.【解答】解:(1)∵第1行有1个数字,数字之和为1=20,第2行有2个数字,数字之和为2=21,第3行有3个数字,数字之和为4=22,第4行有4个数字,数字之和为8=23,…第n行有n个数字,数字之和为2n﹣1;(2)993+3×992+3×99+1=(99+1)3=1003=106;(3)(a+b)4=a4+4a3b+6a2b2+4ab3+b4.18.作图与证明:如图,已知⊙O和⊙O上的一点A,请完成下列任务:(1)作⊙O的内接正六边形ABCDEF;(2)连接BF,CE,判断四边形BCEF的形状并加以证明.【考点】正多边形和圆;作图—复杂作图.【分析】(1)由正六边形ABCDEF的中心角为60°,可得△OAB是等边三角形,继而可得正六边形的边长等于半径,则可画出⊙O的内接正六边形ABCDEF;(2)首先连接OE,由六边形ABCDEF是正六边形,易得EF=BC,=,则可得BF=CE,证得四边形BCEF是平行四边形,然后由∠EDC=∠DEF=120°,∠DEC=30°,求得∠CEF=90°,则可证得结论.【解答】解:(1)如图1,首先作直径AD,然后分别以A,D为圆心,OA长为半径画弧,分别交⊙O于点B,F,C,E,连接AB,BC,CD,DE,EF,AF,则正六边形ABCDEF即为⊙O所求;(2)四边形BCEF是矩形.理由:如图2,连接OE,∵六边形ABCDEF是正六边形,∴AB=AF=DE=DC,FE=BC,∴===,∴=,∴BF=CE,∴四边形BCEF是平行四边形,∵∠EOD==60°,OE=OD,∴△EOD是等边三角形,∴∠OED=∠ODE=60°,∴∠EDC=∠FED=2∠ODE=120°,∵DE=DC,∴∠DEC=∠DCE=30°,∴∠CEF=∠DEF﹣∠CED=90°,∴四边形BCEF是矩形.19.某艺术类学校进行绘画特长生的招生工作,每名考生需要参加“素描”“色彩”“速写”三个项目的测试,三个项目的满分均为100分,“素描”“色彩”“速写”按照4:4:2的比例计算得到选手最终成就,现有20名考生报名参加测试,测试结束后,考生的素描成绩如下(单位:分):88,85,90,99,86,68,94,98,78,9796,93,89,94,89,85,80,95,89,77请根据上述数据,解决下列问题:(1)补全下面考生素描成绩的表格(每组数据含最小值不含最大值)和频数分布直方图;分组人数(频数)60﹣70 170﹣80 280﹣90 990﹣100 8合计20(2)如表为甲、乙两名选手比赛成绩的记录表,现要在甲、乙二人中录取一名,请通过计算得出谁最终被录取.项目素描色彩速写成绩甲98 93 95乙95 95 100【考点】频数(率)分布直方图;频数(率)分布表;加权平均数.【分析】(1)根据考生的素描成绩可得70﹣80的人数(频数),90﹣100的人数(频数),进一步补全频数分布直方图;(2)根据加权平均数:若n个数x1,x2,x3,…,x n的权分别是w1,w2,w3,…,w n,则x1w1+x2w2+…+xnwnw1+w2+…+wn叫做这n个数的加权平均数,求出甲、乙两名选手比赛成绩,再比较大小即可求解.【解答】解:(1)填表如下:分组人数(频数)60﹣70 170﹣80 280﹣90 990﹣100 8合计20如图所示:(2)4+4+2=10,4÷10=0.4,2÷10=0.2,=98×0.4+95×0.4+95×0.2=96.2,=98×0.4+95×0.4+100×0.2=96,∵96.2>96,∴甲最终被录取.20.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,一次函数y=k 1x +b 与反比例函数y=的图象交于点A (﹣1,6)和点B (3,m ),与y 轴交于点C ,与x 轴交于点D .(1)求一次函数y=k 1x +b 和反比例函数y=的表达式; (2)点P 是双曲线y=上的一点,且满足S △PCD =S △DOE ,求点P 的坐标.【考点】反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题.【分析】(1)将A 坐标代入反比例函数解析式中求出k 2的值,即可确定出反比例函数解析式;将B 坐标代入反比例解析式中求出m 的值,确定出B 坐标,将A 与B 坐标代入一次函数解析式中求出k 1与b 的值,即可确定出一次函数解析式;(2)如图,当P 在第二象限时,连接PC ,PO ,作PE ⊥y 轴于E ,求得D 的横坐标为2,根据已知条件得到PE=OD=2,求得P 的横坐标为﹣2,把x=﹣2代入y=﹣中得y=3,于是得到结论;同理可得当点P 在第四象限时,求得P (2,﹣3).【解答】解:∵A (﹣1,6)在y=上得k 2=﹣6.∴y=﹣,∵B (3,m )反比例函数y=﹣的图象上,∴m=﹣2,因为y=k 1x +b 过A (﹣1,6)、B (3,﹣2)两点, ∴, 解得:,∴一次函数的表达式是y=﹣2x +4;(2)如图,当P 在第二象限时,连接PC ,PO ,作PE ⊥y 轴于E ,把y=0代入y=﹣2k +4中得x=2,∴D 的横坐标为2,∵S △PCD =S △DOE , ∴CO •PE=CO •OD ,∴PE=OD=2,∴P 的横坐标为﹣2,把x=﹣2代入y=﹣中得y=3,∴此时点P 的坐标为(﹣2,3),同理可得当点P 在第四象限时,P (2,﹣3),∴点P 的坐标是(﹣2,3),(2,﹣3).21.为弘扬中华传统文化,某徽章设计公司设计了如图所示的一种新式徽章,每件的成本是50元,为了合理定价,先投放在某饰品店进行试销.试销发现,该徽章销售单价为100元时,每天的销售量是50件,且当销售单价每降低1元时,每天就可多售出5件. (1)如果该店每天要使该徽章的销售利润为4000元,则销售单价应定为多少元?(2)该店每天该徽章的销售是否有最大利润?若有,请求出最大利润及销售单价,若没有,请说明理由.【考点】二次函数的应用;一元二次方程的应用.【分析】(1)利用每件商品利润×销量=总利润4000,得出关系式求出即可;(2)把(1)中的二次函数解析式转化为顶点式方程,利用二次函数图象的性质进行解答.【解答】解:(1)设应将单价降低x 元,则商店每天的销售量为(50+5x )件,由题意得(50﹣x )(50+5x )=4000,解得:x 1=10,x 2=30.答:如果要使该企业每天的销售利润为4000元,应将销售单价应定为70元或90元; (2)y=﹣5x 2+800x ﹣27500=﹣5(x ﹣80)2+4500∵a=﹣5<0,∴抛物线开口向下.∵50≤x≤100,对称轴是直线x=80,=4500;∴当x=80时,y最大值即销售单价为80元时,每天的销售利润最大,最大利润是4500元.22.如图1,在△ABC和△MNB中,∠ACB=∠MBN=90°,AC=BC=4,MB=NB=2,点N 在BC边上,连接AN,CM,点E,F,D,G分别为AC,AN,MN,CM的中点,连接EF,FD,DG,EG.(1)判断四边形EFDG的形状,并证明;(2)求FD的长;(3)如图2,将图1中的△MBN绕点B逆时针旋转90°,其他条件不变,猜想此时四边形EFDG的形状,并证明.【考点】几何变换综合题.【分析】(1)四边形EFDG是平行四边形,理由为:如图1,连接AM,由E、F、G、H分别为中点,利用利用中位线定理得到两组对边相等,即可得证;(2)如图1,过点M作MH⊥AB,交AB的延长线于点H,根据内错角相等,两直线平行,得到AC与BM平行,由三角形ACB与三角形MBN都为等腰直角三角形,由BC求出AB 的长,进而求出BH的长,由AB+BH求出AH的长,在直角三角形AMH中,利用勾股定理求出AM的长,利用中位线定理求出FD的长即可;(3)四边形EFDG为正方形,理由为:如图2,连接CN,AM,分别交EF、CN于点L与K,由CB﹣BM求出CM的长,得到CM=BN,再由一对直角相等,AC=BC,利用SAS得到三角形ACM与三角形CBN全等,利用全等三角形对应边、对应角相等得到AM=CN,∠CAM=∠BCN,利用同角的余角相等,求出∠AKC为直角,利用两组对边平行的四边形为平行四边形得到四边形EFDG为平行四边形,再由一个内角为直角,且邻边相等即可得证.【解答】解:(1)四边形EFDG是平行四边形,证明:如图1,连接AM,∵E、F、D、G分别为AC、AN、MN、CM的中点,∴FD=EG=AM,EF=GD=CN,∴四边形EFDG是平行四边形;(2)如图1,过点M作MH⊥AB,交AB的延长线于点H,∵∠ACB=∠MBN=90°,AC=BC=4,MB=NB=2,∴AC∥BM,∴∠MBH=∠CAB=45°,∴AB==4,∴BH=MH=MBsin45°=,∴AH=AB+BH=4+=5,在Rt△AMH中,由勾股定理得:AM===2,则FD=AM=;(3)四边形EFDG是正方形,证明:如图2,连接CN,AM,分别交EF、CN于点L与K,由已知得:点M和点D分别落在BC与AB边上,∴CM=CB﹣BM=4﹣2=2,∴CM=BN,∵∠ACM=∠CBN=90°,AC=BC,∴△ACM≌△CBN(SAS),∴AM=CN,∠CAM=∠BCN,∵∠ACK+∠KCM=90°,∴∠ACK+∠CAK=90°,在△ACK中,∠AKC=180°﹣(∠ACK+∠CAK)=180°﹣90°=90°,由(1)可得EG∥AM∥FD,EF∥CN∥GD,∴四边形EFDG是平行四边形,∴∠GEL=∠ELA=∠AKC=90°,∴四边形EFDG是矩形,∵EG=AM=CN=EF,∴四边形EFDG是正方形.23.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线y=﹣x2+x+6与x轴交于A、B两点(点A在点B左侧),与y轴交于点C,直线l经过点A和点C,连接BC.将直线l沿着x轴正方形平移m个单位(0<m<10)得到直线l′,l′交x轴于点D,交BC于点E,交抛物线于点F.(1)求点A,点B和点C的坐标;(2)如图2,将△EDB沿直线l′翻折得到△EDB′,求点B′的坐标(用含m的代数式表示);(3)在(2)的条件下,当点B′落在直线AC上时,请直接写出点F的坐标.【考点】二次函数综合题.【分析】(1)通过解方程,﹣x2+x+6=0可得A点和B点坐标,再计算自变量为0时的函数值可得到C点坐标;(2)根据勾股定理求得BC=10,即可证得AB=BC,根据AC∥FD,得出=,求得BE=BD,即可证得四边形EB′DB是菱形,得出B′D∥BC,然后过点B′作B′H⊥AB与H,证得△B′HD∽△COB,即可求得B′H=﹣m+6,HD=﹣m+8,进一步求得OH,得出B′的坐标;(3)根据菱形的性质得出BM=B′M,由平移的定义可知DE∥AC,根据平行线分线段成比例定理证得BD=AD=AB=5,求得D的坐标,根据勾股定理求得AC的解析式,进而求得DF的解析式,然后联立方程,即可求得F的坐标.【解答】解:(1)将y=0代入y=﹣x2+x+6得,﹣x2+x+6=0,解得x1=﹣2,x2=8,∴点A的坐标为(﹣2,0),点B的坐标为(8,0);将x=0代入y=﹣x2+x+6得y=6,∴点C的坐标为(0,6);(2)在RT△COB中,由勾股定理得BC===10,∵AB=AO+OB=2+8=10,∴AB=BC,∵AD=m,∴DB=AB﹣AD=10﹣m,∵AC∥FD,∴=,∴BE=BD=B′E=B′D=10﹣m,∴四边形EB′DB是菱形,∴B′D∥BC,过点B′作B′H⊥AB与H,∴∠B′DH=∠CBO,∠B′HD=∠COB=90°,∴△B′HD∽△COB,∴==,即==,∴B′H=﹣m+6,HD=﹣m+8,当点B′在y轴的右侧时,OH=OB﹣HD﹣DB=8﹣(﹣m+8)﹣(10﹣m)=m﹣10,当点B′在y轴的左侧时,OH=HD+DB﹣OB=(﹣m+8)+(10﹣m)﹣8=10﹣m,∴点B′的坐标为(m﹣10,﹣m+6);(3)∵四边形EB′DB是菱形,∴BM=B′M,由平移的定义可知DE∥AC,∴==1,∴BD=AD=AB=5,∵OA=2,∴OD=3,∴D的坐标为(3,0),设直线AC的解析式为y=kx+b,代入A(﹣2,0),C(0,6)得:,解得,∵DF∥AC,设直线DF的解析式为y=3x+b,代入D(3,0)得9+b=0,解得b=﹣9,∴直线DF为y=3x﹣9,解得或,∴F的坐标为(﹣1,3﹣12).9月28日。